CN110042317A - A kind of high abrasion Fe-Cu based powder metallized composite materials and preparation method - Google Patents
A kind of high abrasion Fe-Cu based powder metallized composite materials and preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110042317A CN110042317A CN201910250614.8A CN201910250614A CN110042317A CN 110042317 A CN110042317 A CN 110042317A CN 201910250614 A CN201910250614 A CN 201910250614A CN 110042317 A CN110042317 A CN 110042317A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
- C22C30/02—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent containing copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C33/0207—Using a mixture of prealloyed powders or a master alloy
- C22C33/0221—Using a mixture of prealloyed powders or a master alloy comprising S or a sulfur compound
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
- C22C33/0278—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5%
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/16—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing copper
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of high abrasion Fe-Cu based powder metallized composite materials and preparation method, which includes that following weight percentage components, the content of Cu is 22%~43%, the content of Al is 1%~4%, the content that the content of C is 2%~4%, MnS is 1%~2%, remaining is Fe；The sum of weight percent of each component is 100%.The present invention optimizes matrix structure by the ratio of reasonably control Fe, Cu and each friction and lubricant component, and then collaboration matches appropriate sintering process, makes composite material with excellent wear resistance, is suitable for industrial applications.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to powder metallurgical technologies, more particularly, to a kind of high abrasion Fe-Cu base powder metallurgy composite wood
Material and preparation method.
Background technique
Powder metallurgy friction material is the composite material made of PM technique, wherein metal and its alloy conduct
The matrix of friction material, then add friction component and lubricant component.In actual production, the application of iron-based and copper base friction material is wide
It is general, in addition there are also other some friction materials being of little use, such as it is aluminium base, Ni-based.Generally speaking powder metallurgy friction material
Have the following characteristics that the intensity for meeting produce and use enough, stable and suitable friction factor, thermal expansion coefficient is smaller, work
When smooth performance it is reliable, more wear-resisting and pollution is few.
Iron-based powder metallurgy friction material is using iron powder as main component, and the fusing point of iron is higher, intensity, hardness, plasticity,
High-temperature capability and inoxidizability etc. can be adjusted by adding alloying element.Iron-based friction material relatively holds than copper base friction material
Easily bonding, friction factor variation is larger, but its high temperature resistance and intensity are good, and resistance to pressure, toughness, bearing capacity are strong and economical
Property is preferable.Since copper and copper alloy heating conduction are better than iron and ferroalloy, antioxygenic property is good, there is higher intensity and hardness,
Smaller with irony mating plate intermiscibility, therefore the secondary engagement of copper-based friction is more steady, wearability is good, but it is under high-load condition
Stable friction factor is poor, and the price of copper is higher than iron.
And be using solution strengthening theory for the means for the wear-resisting property that tradition improves material, general Cu is at 1300 DEG C
Solid solubility be 16% or so.So the Cu content of tradition Fe sill addition is 16% or so, it is still, strong only by solid solution
Changing raising material wear-resistant performance is that a small amount of Cu content of inadequate, simple addition has the following disadvantages:
1) the biggish compatibility of the matched part of Fe, the iron-based friction material in braking process can not be overcome by adding a small amount of Cu
It is easy to the surface of damage duality, a depth or shallow groove can be also formed on its surface, cause material friction index variation
Range is big, while being easy to cause braking unstable or failure.
2) the huge heat that material can generate in braking process, copper content is very few to be caused material poor radiation and can make
The intensity of friction material is greatly lowered, and also creates biggish abrasion loss, affects its friction stability and service life.
Therefore, it is necessary to study a kind of new composite powder metallurgy materials, it is made both to have the advantages of copper base friction material
Have both the friction material of the strong point of iron-based friction material again simultaneously, to meet modern industrial society, people are comprehensive to friction material
The rigors of performance.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the present invention is directed to propose a kind of high abrasion Fe-Cu based powder metallized composite materials and preparation method, are somebody's turn to do
Composite material had not only had the advantages of copper base friction material simultaneously but also had had both the strong point of iron-based friction material, Fe-Cu base of the invention
The disadvantages of friction material overcomes iron the adhesive of mating plate and the high temperature of copper is unstable therewith, and thermal expansion coefficient is big, thus have
There is excellent wear-resisting property, there is greatly value for industrial application.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the technical scheme of the present invention is realized as follows:
A kind of high abrasion Fe-Cu based powder metallized composite materials, it is characterised in that: the group including following weight percent
Point, the content that the content that the content that the content of Cu is 22%~43%, Al is 1%~4%, C is 2%~4%, MnS is 1%~
2%, remaining is Fe；The sum of weight percent of each component is 100%.
A part of Cu in the material has the function of solution strengthening in conjunction with Fe tissue tight, also reduces the heat of copper
The coefficient of expansion strengthens the density and wear-resisting property of material；Another part Cu is also evenly distributed on formation crystal grain ruler on Fe matrix
Very little tiny copper skeleton enhances the greasy property of material and makes the thermally conductive of material, and electric conductivity is significantly improved.Furthermore this hair
MnS in bright can generate the effect of solution strengthening in Fe-Cu base frication material, and C makes material opposite grinding annular in friction process
At solid lubrication carbon film, with iron combine in form FeC, also function to the effect of solution strengthening, improve the wear-resisting of material jointly
Performance.Al forms thin and dense Al during the sintering process at liquid in high temperature2O3Film is thin, is firmly combined with matrix, plays
Reduce the effect of coefficient of friction.
Preferably, including following weight percentage components, the content that the content of Cu is 22%~33%, Al is 2%~
The content that the content of 3%, C are 2%~4%, MnS is 1%~2%, remaining is Fe；The sum of weight percent of each component is
100%.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the Cu and Fe is 0.30~0.82.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the Cu and Fe is 0.59~0.82.The Cu that the ratio between Fe and Cu are formed within the scope of herein
Network framework crystal grain is more tiny, and intensity is higher, has higher rate of heat dispation, to have more excellent wear-resisting property.
The present invention also provides a kind of methods for preparing high abrasion Fe-Cu based powder metallized composite materials as described above, multiple
The sintering temperature of condensation material is 1086 DEG C~1296 DEG C, and sintering time is 40~90min.
The present invention also provides high abrasion Fe-Cu based powder metallized composite materials as described above in aircarrier aircraft, high speed
In the clutch or brake gear of train, wind power plant and automobile；
And the composite material of preparation method preparation as described above is in aircarrier aircraft, bullet train, wind power plant
And in the clutch or brake gear of automobile.
Compared with the existing technology, a kind of high abrasion Fe-Cu based powder metallized composite materials of the present invention and preparation side
Method has following advantage:
Fe, Cu and C in the present invention before sintering Tissue distribution at bulk, after 1086 DEG C~1296 DEG C sintering its
Tissue distribution becomes compact.Under the control of Cu/Fe mass ratio, the tissue tight of Fe and Cu are combined, a part of copper and iron
Iron copper solid solution is formd, forms the effect of solution strengthening to material in this way, promotes the transformation of pearlite, while also promoting
The process of carburizing, the binding force between organizational interface increase, keep structure more compact, greatly strengthen powdered metallurgical material
Physical mechanical property, also overcome the adhesive of iron and the temperature instability of copper；Another part is evenly distributed on Fe matrix
It is upper to form the tiny copper skeleton of crystallite dimension, strengthen material wear-resistant performance.
Certain structural transformation has occurred in C and matrix, and a part of C combines to form FeC with Fe, and it is strong to play solid solution
The effect of change, another part make material opposite grinding ring in friction process form solid lubrication carbon film, reduce the friction system of material
Several and FeC is present on matrix surface for a long time, can be improved the frictional behaviour of material, the comprehensive performance of material is promoted to obtain
To promotion in all directions.
In composite material of the present invention, S and Mn form interstitial solid solution, enhance the close of composite material because of solution strengthening
Degree and hardness make material have good heat resistance and frictional behaviour.Al is formed in high temperature during the sintering process at liquid
Thin and dense Al2O3Film is thin, and strong wear-resisting, the corrosion resistance of matrix surface is firmly combined with matrix, plays reduction friction
The effect of coefficient.
The present invention optimizes matrix structure, so by the ratio of reasonably control Fe, Cu and each friction and lubricant component
Collaboration matches appropriate sintering process afterwards, and composite material is made to have excellent wear resistance, is suitable for industrial applications.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is X-ray diffraction figure of the iron/copper base powder metallurgy material described in the embodiment of the present invention 2 before 1191 DEG C of sintering；
Fig. 2 is iron/copper base powder metallurgy material described in the embodiment of the present invention 2 in 1191 DEG C of sintered X-ray diffraction figures；
Fig. 3 is the scanning electron microscope diagram before the sintering of iron/copper base powder metallurgy material described in the embodiment of the present invention 5；
Fig. 4 is the sintered scanning electron microscope diagram of iron/copper base powder metallurgy material described in the embodiment of the present invention 5；
Fig. 5 is the relational graph that the friction factor of embodiment 1 changes over time.
Fig. 6 is the relational graph that the friction factor of embodiment 2 changes over time.
Fig. 7 is the relational graph that the friction factor of embodiment 3 changes over time.
Fig. 8 is the relational graph that the friction factor of embodiment 4 changes over time.
Fig. 9 is the relational graph that the friction factor of embodiment 5 changes over time.
Figure 10 is the relational graph that the friction factor of embodiment 6 changes over time.
Figure 11 is the relational graph that the friction factor of embodiment 7 changes over time.
Figure 12 is the relational graph that the friction factor of comparative example 1 changes over time
Figure 13 is the relational graph that the friction factor of comparative example 2 changes over time.
Specific embodiment
In addition to being defined, technical term used in following embodiment has universal with those skilled in the art of the invention
The identical meanings of understanding.Test reagent used in following embodiment is unless otherwise specified conventional biochemical reagent；It is described
Experimental method is unless otherwise specified conventional method.
Below with reference to embodiment, the present invention will be described in detail.
Embodiment 1
A kind of high abrasion Fe-Cu based powder metallized composite materials, are prepared: Cu's by weight including following each component
The content that the content that the content that content is 22%, Al is 1%, C is 1.5%, MnS is 1.5%, remaining is Fe, wherein Cu and Fe
Mass ratio be 0.30.
Sintering temperature is 1086 DEG C, time 55min；
It is 2.9 × 10 in testing pressure5Under the conditions of Pa and revolving speed are 300r/min, after military service 15min, average friction system
Number are as follows: 0.207, abrasion loss are as follows: 0.0258g.
Embodiment 2
A kind of high abrasion Fe-Cu based powder metallized composite materials, are prepared: Cu's by weight including following each component
The content that the content that the content that content is 28%, Al is 1.4%, C is 2%, MnS is 2%, remaining is Fe, wherein Cu and Fe
Mass ratio is 0.42.
Sintering temperature is 1121 DEG C, time 48min；
It is 2.9 × 10 in testing pressure5Under the conditions of Pa and revolving speed are 300r/min, after military service 15min, average friction system
Number are as follows: 0.172, abrasion loss are as follows: 0.0070g.
Embodiment 3
A kind of high abrasion Fe-Cu based powder metallized composite materials, are prepared: Cu's by weight including following each component
The content that the content that the content that content is 35%, Al is 1.8%, C is 2%, MnS is 2%, remaining is Fe, wherein Cu and Fe
Mass ratio is 0.59.
Sintering temperature is 1156 DEG C, time 40min；
It is 2.9 × 10 in testing pressure5Under the conditions of Pa and revolving speed are 300r/min, after military service 15min, average friction system
Number are as follows: 0.141, abrasion loss are as follows: 0.0248g.
Fig. 7 is shown in the coefficient of friction variation for the iron/copper sill that the content of Cu is 35%.
Embodiment 4
A kind of high abrasion Fe-Cu based powder metallized composite materials, are prepared: Cu's by weight including following each component
The content that the content that the content that content is 43%, Al is 1%, C is 2%, MnS is 1.5%, remaining is Fe, wherein Cu and Fe
Mass ratio is 0.82.
Sintering temperature is 1191 DEG C, time 82min；
It is 2.9 × 10 in testing pressure5Under the conditions of Pa and revolving speed are 300r/min, after military service 15min, average friction system
Number are as follows: 0.152, abrasion loss are as follows: 0.0102g.
Embodiment 5
A kind of high abrasion Fe-Cu based powder metallized composite materials, are prepared: Cu's by weight including following each component
The content that the content that the content that content is 33%, Al is 4%, C is 3%, MnS is 1%, remaining is the matter of Fe, wherein Cu and Fe
Amount is than being 0.56.
Sintering temperature is 1226 DEG C, time 72min；
It is 2.9 × 10 in testing pressure5Under the conditions of Pa and revolving speed are 300r/min, after military service 15min, average friction system
Number are as follows: 0.123, abrasion loss are as follows: 0.0018g.
Embodiment 6
A kind of high abrasion Fe-Cu based powder metallized composite materials, are prepared: Cu's by weight including following each component
The content that the content that the content that content is 30%, Al is 1%, C is 2.5%, MnS is 1%, remaining is Fe, wherein Cu and Fe
Mass ratio is 0.46.
Sintering temperature is 1261 DEG C, time 90min；
It is 2.9 × 10 in testing pressure5Under the conditions of Pa and revolving speed are 300r/min, after military service 15min, average friction system
Number are as follows: 0.129, abrasion loss are as follows: 0.0026g.
Embodiment 7
A kind of high abrasion Fe-Cu based powder metallized composite materials, are prepared: Cu's by weight including following each component
The content that the content that the content that content is 26%, Al is 2%, C is 2%, MnS is 2%, remaining is the matter of Fe, wherein Cu and Fe
Amount is than being 0.38.
Sintering temperature is 1296 DEG C, time 65min；
Testing pressure is 2.9 × 105Under the conditions of Pa and revolving speed are 300r/min, after military service 15min, average friction coefficient
Are as follows: 0.133, abrasion loss are as follows: 0.0031g.
Comparative example 1
A kind of composite powder metallurgy material is prepared by weight including following each component: the content of Cu is 45%, Al
Content be 1%, C content be 2%, MnS content be 2%, remaining be Fe, wherein Cu and Fe mass ratio be 0.90.
Sintering temperature is 1196 DEG C, time 80min；
It is 2.9 × 10 in testing pressure5Under the conditions of Pa and revolving speed are 300r/min, after military service 15min, average friction system
Number are as follows: 0.446, abrasion loss are as follows: 0.0183g.
Comparative example 2
A kind of composite powder metallurgy material is prepared by weight including following each component: the content of Cu is 43%, Al
Content be 3%, C content be 1%, MnS content be 2%, remaining be Fe, wherein Cu and Fe mass ratio be 0.84.
It is 1320 DEG C in sintering temperature, time 95min
It is 2.9 × 10 in testing pressure5Under the conditions of Pa and revolving speed are 300r/min, after military service 15min, average friction system
Number are as follows: 0.311 abrasion loss are as follows: 0.0241g.
Iron/copper sill density, coefficient of friction and the abrasion loss data comparison of the different copper content of subordinate list 1 and sintering temperature
Table.
In embodiment and comparative example, wherein case study on implementation 5 is at 1226 DEG C, and the ferrite of generation is less, and pearlite contains
Amount is maximum, and spacing is minimum between pearlite piece, while pearlite colony diameter is maximum；The density of the sample are as follows: 6.386g/cm3,
Average friction coefficient is 0.123, abrasion loss 0.0018g；Friction factor is small and stablizes, therefore is optimal case study on implementation.And
Average friction coefficient in comparative example 1 and 2 is respectively 0.446,0.311, is most relative to its average friction coefficient of case study on implementation
Big and friction stability is poor.
Material mainly has tri- kinds of phases of MnS, Cu, Fe before sintering, in tissue it can be seen from FIG. 1 to FIG. 4, Fe and Cu's
Ingredient is organized into block distribution, between each other not in close contact.And aluminium powder, graphite, it is also ununiform with matrix
Mix, MnS powder is rough to be distributed in around matrix, but also without formed effectively be uniformly distributed.And
The gap of sample is more and gap is coarse, and respectively composition component distributing is extremely uneven.After oversintering, sample tissue divides
Cloth becomes very fine and close, and Mn, S element in MnS have been kept completely separate, and Mn, S, which penetrate into matrix, forms solid solution with iron, leads to
The effect for crossing solution strengthening strengthens the physical mechanical property of material.Al powder is converted into fine and close Al after oversintering by bulk2O3
Film is present on Fe-Cu matrix, combines matrix stronger, goes back the corrosion resistance of reinforcing material.And a part of C and Fe
In conjunction with FeC is formed, to play the role of solution strengthening, another part exists in the form of lubricant component C, makes the lubrication of material
Effect greatly improves.From the point of view of the distribution situation of each component, under the control of Cu/Fe mass ratio, a part of Cu in sintering process,
It organizes continuous refinement, penetrates into iron matrix, and the hole being filled in material is engaged with matrix after the cooling period, is formed
Fe-Cu matrix, enhances solution strengthening effect.Another part is evenly distributed on forms the tiny copper bone of crystal grain on Fe matrix
Frame greatly improves the frictional behaviour of material.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention
Within mind and principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on be should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of high abrasion Fe-Cu based powder metallized composite materials, it is characterised in that: including following weight percentage components,
The content that the content that the content that the content of Cu is 22%~43%, Al is 1%~4%, C is 2%~4%, MnS is 1%~
2%, remaining is Fe；The sum of weight percent of each component is 100%.
2. high abrasion Fe-Cu based powder metallized composite materials according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: including weighing as follows
The component of percentage is measured, the content that the content that the content of Cu is 22%~33%, Al is 2%~3%, C is 2%~4%, MnS
Content be 1%~2%, remaining is Fe；The sum of weight percent of each component is 100%.
3. high abrasion Fe-Cu based powder metallized composite materials according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: the Cu with
The mass ratio of Fe is 0.30~0.82.
4. high abrasion Fe-Cu based powder metallized composite materials according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: the Cu with
The mass ratio of Fe is 0.59~0.82.
5. a kind of method for preparing the high abrasion Fe-Cu based powder metallized composite materials as described in any one of Claims 1 to 4,
Be characterized in that: the sintering temperature of composite material is 1086 DEG C~1296 DEG C, and sintering time is 40~90min.
6. as any one of Claims 1 to 4 high abrasion Fe-Cu based powder metallized composite materials aircarrier aircraft, high speed arrange
In the clutch or brake gear of vehicle, wind power plant and automobile.
7. the composite material of preparation method preparation as claimed in claim 5 is in aircarrier aircraft, bullet train, wind power plant
And in the clutch or brake gear of automobile.
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4391641A (en) * | 1980-12-19 | 1983-07-05 | Abex Corporation | Sintered powder metal friction material |
| JPH07166306A (en) * | 1992-10-27 | 1995-06-27 | Central Japan Railway Co | Pantagraph contact strip material of electric motor vehicle made of lead-impregnated fe-based sintered alloy excellent in wear resistance |
| JP2005048263A (en) * | 2003-07-31 | 2005-02-24 | Nippon Piston Ring Co Ltd | Ferrous sintered compact for valve seat having excellent casting-in property for light metal alloy |
| WO2006080554A1 (en) * | 2005-01-31 | 2006-08-03 | Komatsu Ltd. | Sintered material, iron-based sintered sliding material and process for producing the same, sliding member and process for producing the same, and connecting apparatus |
| CN102011043A (en) * | 2010-12-30 | 2011-04-13 | 北京瑞斯福科技有限公司 | Preparation method of powder metallurgy material for train brake pad |
| CN108367347A (en) * | 2015-09-29 | 2018-08-03 | 霍加纳斯股份有限公司 | New iron-based composite powder |
-
2019
- 2019-03-29 CN CN201910250614.8A patent/CN110042317B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4391641A (en) * | 1980-12-19 | 1983-07-05 | Abex Corporation | Sintered powder metal friction material |
| JPH07166306A (en) * | 1992-10-27 | 1995-06-27 | Central Japan Railway Co | Pantagraph contact strip material of electric motor vehicle made of lead-impregnated fe-based sintered alloy excellent in wear resistance |
| JP2005048263A (en) * | 2003-07-31 | 2005-02-24 | Nippon Piston Ring Co Ltd | Ferrous sintered compact for valve seat having excellent casting-in property for light metal alloy |
| WO2006080554A1 (en) * | 2005-01-31 | 2006-08-03 | Komatsu Ltd. | Sintered material, iron-based sintered sliding material and process for producing the same, sliding member and process for producing the same, and connecting apparatus |
| CN102011043A (en) * | 2010-12-30 | 2011-04-13 | 北京瑞斯福科技有限公司 | Preparation method of powder metallurgy material for train brake pad |
| CN108367347A (en) * | 2015-09-29 | 2018-08-03 | 霍加纳斯股份有限公司 | New iron-based composite powder |
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