CN110039049B - Laser selective melting additive manufacturing equipment and method for heterogeneous materials - Google Patents
Laser selective melting additive manufacturing equipment and method for heterogeneous materials Download PDFInfo
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- CN110039049B CN110039049B CN201910300300.4A CN201910300300A CN110039049B CN 110039049 B CN110039049 B CN 110039049B CN 201910300300 A CN201910300300 A CN 201910300300A CN 110039049 B CN110039049 B CN 110039049B
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
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- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 181
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
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- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/70—Recycling
- B22F10/73—Recycling of powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
- B22F12/52—Hoppers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
- B22F12/55—Two or more means for feeding material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/02—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
- B22F10/64—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by thermal means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/40—Radiation means
- B22F12/49—Scanners
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
- B22F2005/001—Cutting tools, earth boring or grinding tool other than table ware
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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Abstract
The invention discloses laser selective melting additive manufacturing equipment for heterogeneous materials, which comprises a forming chamber, a laser, a scanner, a forming chamber lifting platform, a scraper, a powder feeding bin, a recovery bin and a negative pressure device, and meanwhile, the invention also provides a laser selective melting additive manufacturing method for heterogeneous tools, wherein the manufacturing steps comprise S1, establishment of a three-dimensional solid model of the tool and a 3D printing additive manufacturing scheme; s2, adjusting the opening and closing of the powder outlet of the first powder conveying bin and the powder outlet of the second powder conveying bin to finish powder paving and layer-by-layer printing; s3, opening the negative pressure device, and recycling the redundant powder flowing out of the powder outlet of the second powder feeding bin into the second recycling bin; the invention improves the precision and quality of the processing cutter by alternately spreading powder of different materials and recycling the residual powder which is not formed by different materials before spreading the powder, and meanwhile, the cutter is made of two materials and has the characteristics of the two materials.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of three-dimensional printing equipment, in particular to heterogeneous material selective laser melting additive manufacturing equipment and a heterogeneous cutter selective laser melting additive manufacturing method.
Background
The selective laser melting has high dimensional accuracy and surface quality due to small size and thin layering of the used powder, and can realize zero-allowance processing. However, many engineering parts are difficult to be qualified by adopting a single material, double effects of double properties are required, different parts require different properties, and different parts of the parts use different materials, namely, functional gradient materials.
In order to meet the requirement of manufacturing functional gradient materials, the additive manufacturing equipment capable of realizing selective laser melting of different materials is designed by technical personnel in the field, the additive manufacturing equipment is provided with two powder bins, two different material powders are respectively placed in the two powder bins, however, in the process of forming the functional gradient materials through laser melting of the existing equipment, the powder bin structure is complex, the powder discharging process is complicated, and in the process of alternately forming the different material powders, due to the fact that the powder which is not formed in the previous material is not completely cleaned, the powder is mixed with the powder of the next forming material, the two powder are formed on a cutter in a mixed melting mode, and the due gradient performance of the manufactured cutter is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the technical problems of complex powder bin structure, complex powder discharging process and mixed melting and forming of manufactured cutters in the existing equipment so as to reduce gradient performance, the heterogeneous material laser selective melting and material increasing manufacturing equipment and the heterogeneous cutter laser selective melting and material increasing manufacturing method are provided for conveniently separating different material powder and realizing selective melting and rapid forming of different materials.
The invention discloses a selective laser melting additive manufacturing device for a heterogeneous material, which comprises: the device comprises a forming chamber, a laser, a scanner, a forming chamber lifting platform, a scraper, a powder feeding bin, a recovery bin and a negative pressure device; the laser is arranged inside the forming chamber and used for generating laser beams; the scanner is arranged in the forming chamber and positioned in front of a light outlet of the laser, reflects the laser beam according to a preset scheme, and sends the laser beam to a forming area through a laser window to carry out laser cladding; the forming chamber lifting platform is arranged below the forming chamber and communicated with the forming chamber, and a substrate is arranged on the forming chamber lifting platform; the scraper is arranged on a scraper frame, and the scraper frame is connected to the top of the forming chamber in a sliding manner through a slide way; the two powder feeding bins are fixedly arranged on the left side and the right side of the scraper and can slide left and right along the slide way along with the scraper; the two recovery bins are arranged on two sides of the forming chamber and communicated with the forming chamber through pipelines, the pipelines and the recovery bins form powder recovery channels, and the two recovery bins respectively recover powder of different materials so as to prevent the powder of the different materials from being mixed; the negative pressure device generates negative pressure in the recovery channel to recover the powder.
Preferably, the negative pressure device is communicated with the recovery bin through a screen.
Preferably, the two side walls of the forming chamber are respectively provided with an adsorption port which can be opened and closed, one end of the pipeline is communicated with the forming chamber, and the other end of the pipeline is communicated with the recovery bin.
Preferably, the powder feeding device further comprises a motor for driving the scraper and the powder feeding bin to move; the negative pressure device is a vacuum pump.
The invention also provides a manufacturing method for manufacturing the heterogeneous cutter by using the laser selective melting additive manufacturing equipment for the heterogeneous material, wherein the cutter comprises two base layers, a middle interlayer and a cutter edge, the two base layers are respectively and fixedly connected to two sides of the middle interlayer, and one end of the cutter edge, which is far away from the cutter edge, and one end of the middle interlayer are integrally formed;
the specific manufacturing steps are as follows:
s1, establishing a three-dimensional solid model of the cutter, and formulating a 3D printing additive manufacturing scheme according to the established three-dimensional model;
s2, adjusting the positions of the laser and the scanner, closing the powder outlet of the first powder conveying bin, opening the powder outlet of the second powder conveying bin, spreading powder on the substrate according to a formulated 3D printing additive manufacturing scheme, printing layer by layer, and manufacturing a base layer on one side;
s3, starting a negative pressure device, and recycling surplus powder which flows out from the powder outlet of the second powder feeding bin and is not formed around the cutter into a second recycling bin;
s4, closing the powder outlet of the second powder conveying bin, opening the powder outlet of the first powder conveying bin, spreading powder on the substrate according to a formulated 3D printing additive manufacturing scheme, printing layer by layer, and manufacturing an intermediate interlayer and a cutting edge;
s5, starting a negative pressure device, and recycling surplus powder which flows out from the powder outlet of the first powder feeding bin and is not formed around the cutter into the first recycling bin;
s6, repeating the steps S2 and S3, printing layer by layer, and manufacturing the base layer on the other side until the whole cutter is machined;
s7, cutting and separating the cutter from the substrate;
and S8, carrying out post-processing on the cutter.
Preferably, in step S3, a low-melting-point protecting agent is added to the powder contained in the first powder feeding bin.
Preferably, the layer-by-layer printed lamellae are 10 to 30 microns thick.
Preferably, the base layers are made of corrosion resistant austenitic stainless steel, and the intermediate layer and the blade are made of martensitic precipitated stainless steel.
Preferably, the two base layers are interferingly fused with the interlayer.
Preferably, in step S8, the post-treatment includes a quenching treatment and a tempering treatment.
Compared with the prior art, the heterogeneous material selective laser melting additive manufacturing equipment provided by the invention is provided with two powder feeding bins, the two powder feeding bins filled with different powders are respectively arranged at two sides of the scraper and can slide along with the scraper, when the powders of different materials need to be processed, the powder feeding port of the powder feeding bin filled with the previous layer of powder is closed, the powder feeding port of the other powder feeding bin is opened, and after the powder spreading of the scraper is finished, the cladding forming of different parts and various materials on a processed workpiece can be realized through laser.
And before different powder is spread the powder in turn, need open negative pressure device, pass through the pipeline with the unnecessary powder of upper story and retrieve to corresponding recovery storehouse in, when avoiding printing the different material powder of lower story, remain the different material powder of upper story, cause the performance reduction of processing work piece, simultaneously, the powder of different materials is retrieved respectively in two recovery storehouses to prevent the powder mixture of different materials, make things convenient for powder recovery to recycle.
The invention also provides a laser selective melting additive manufacturing method for the heterogeneous cutter, wherein the base layers on the two sides of the cutter are made of corrosion-resistant austenitic stainless steel, the intermediate interlayer and the cutting edge are made of martensite precipitated stainless steel, the two materials are in transition fusion, the characteristics of the two materials are integrated, the cutter subjected to quenching and tempering has high toughness and high hardness, and the service life of the cutter is prolonged.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the additive manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the construction of the tool according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a flow chart of an additive manufacturing method described in the present invention.
The device comprises a forming chamber 1, a laser 2, a scanner 3, a forming chamber lifting platform 4, a scraper 5, a first powder conveying bin 6, a second powder conveying bin 7, a first recovery bin 8, a second recovery bin 9, a negative pressure device 10, a substrate 11, a base layer 12, an intermediate layer 13 and a cutting edge 14.
Detailed Description
The following describes an embodiment according to the present invention with reference to the drawings.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, however, the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described herein, and thus the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
In order to overcome the technical problems that the existing additive manufacturing equipment capable of realizing selective laser melting of different materials is complex in powder bin structure, complex in powder discharging process and low in precision of manufactured cutters, the selective laser melting additive manufacturing equipment for the heterogeneous materials and the selective laser melting additive manufacturing method for the heterogeneous cutters are further provided.
The invention relates to a selective laser melting additive manufacturing device for heterogeneous materials, which is shown in figure 1 and comprises: the device comprises a forming chamber 1, a laser 2, a scanner 3, a forming chamber lifting platform 4, a scraper 5, a powder feeding bin, a recovery bin and a negative pressure device 10; a laser 2 is arranged inside the forming chamber 1 for generating a laser beam; the scanner 3 is arranged in the forming chamber 1 and is positioned in front of a light outlet of the laser 2, the scanner 3 reflects the laser beam according to a preset scheme, and the laser beam is sent to a forming area through a laser window to carry out laser cladding; the forming chamber lifting platform 4 is arranged below the forming chamber 1 and communicated with the forming chamber 1, and a substrate 11 is arranged on the forming chamber lifting platform 4; the scraper 5 is arranged on a scraper frame, and the scraper frame is connected to the top of the forming chamber 1 in a sliding manner through a slide way; the two powder feeding bins are fixedly arranged on the left side and the right side of the scraper 5 and can slide along the slide way along with the scraper 5; the two recycling bins are arranged on two sides of the forming chamber 1 and are communicated with the forming chamber 1 through pipelines, the pipelines and the recycling bins form a powder recycling channel, and the two recycling bins are used for recycling powder of different materials respectively so as to prevent the powder of the different materials from being mixed; the negative pressure device 10 generates negative pressure in the recovery passage to recover the powder.
By adopting the technical scheme, the forming chamber and the forming chamber lifting platform form a closed space, and inert gas is filled in the closed space during three-dimensional printing, so that the reaction of materials and air caused by high laser temperature can be avoided; the laser and the scanner can perform cladding forming on powder of corresponding materials in a specified area according to a preset scheme; the scraper is arranged on the scraper frame, the scraper frame is arranged at the top of the forming chamber in a sliding way, the two powder feeding bins filled with different powders are respectively arranged at two sides of the scraper and can slide along with the scraper, when the powders of different materials need to be processed, the powder feeding port of the powder feeding bin filled with the previous layer of powder is closed, the powder feeding port of the other powder feeding bin is opened, after the powder spreading is finished by the scraper, the cladding forming of different parts and multiple materials on a processed workpiece can be realized through laser, before the powders of different materials are alternately spread, the negative pressure device needs to be opened, the redundant unformed powder accumulated around the workpiece at the previous layer is recycled into the corresponding recycling bin through a pipeline, the situation that when the next layer of different material powder is printed, the different powders at the previous layer are remained, the precision of the processed workpiece is reduced is avoided, and meanwhile, the powders of different materials are respectively recycled by the two recycling bins, so as to prevent the powders of different materials from being mixed, the powder is convenient to recycle.
On the basis of the above embodiment, the scanner 3 further includes a first reflective mirror and a second reflective mirror, the first reflective mirror and the second reflective mirror are arranged perpendicular to each other, a laser beam generated by the laser starts from the light outlet, is reflected by the first reflective mirror and then is reflected by the second reflective mirror, the two reflected laser beams reach the molding area through the laser window, and the powder is subjected to cladding molding according to a preset scheme.
On the basis of the above embodiment, the first reflective mirror and the second reflective mirror are respectively driven by a servo motor to rotate and adjust the scanning angle of the laser beam.
On the basis of the above embodiment, a servo motor for driving the first reflective mirror and the second reflective mirror to rotate is further connected with the control unit, the control unit sends a control instruction to the servo motor according to a preset scheme, and the servo motor controls the first reflective mirror and the second reflective mirror to rotate within corresponding time after receiving the control instruction.
Further on the basis of the above embodiment, the negative pressure device 10 is communicated with the recovery bin through a screen, wherein the mesh size of the screen is smaller than the size of the powder, so as to avoid the powder from entering into the negative pressure device 10.
By adopting the technical scheme, the screen of the negative pressure device is communicated with the recovery bin, and the specification of the meshes on the screen is smaller than that of the powder, so that the powder can be prevented from entering the negative pressure device in the process of recovering the powder, and the negative pressure device is damaged.
On the basis of the above embodiment, two side walls of the forming chamber 1 are respectively provided with an openable adsorption port, one end of the pipeline is communicated with the forming chamber 1, the other end of the pipeline is communicated with the recovery bin, the corresponding adsorption ports are opened during recovery, and the two adsorption ports are closed during processing.
By adopting the technical scheme, the two side walls of the forming chamber are respectively provided with the openable adsorption ports which are communicated with the pipeline, on one hand, when powder needs to be recovered, the corresponding adsorption ports can be opened in a targeted manner, the powder can be recovered into a specific recovery bin, different kinds of powder are prevented from being mixed, and the subsequent purification and reutilization of the powder are facilitated; on the other hand, can close the absorption mouth at the printing in-process, laser temperature is too high when avoiding printing, damages the pipeline.
Further on the basis of the above embodiment, the negative pressure device 10 is a vacuum pump, and the scraper 5 and the powder feeding bin are driven by a motor to realize movement.
Adopt above-mentioned technical scheme, the vacuum pump can be bled the recovery passageway and obtain vacuum environment to produce the negative pressure, retrieve the powder, simultaneously, avoid the air admission and the shaping room that the recovery passageway is linked together, cause the printing in-process, the work piece reacts with the air.
On the basis of the above embodiment, further, the negative pressure device 10 can be any existing equipment, and can meet the working requirements, and the scraper 5 and the powder feeding bin can also be driven by the existing power sources such as an air cylinder and a hydraulic cylinder.
The invention also provides a laser selective melting additive manufacturing method of the heterogeneous cutter, wherein as shown in figure 2, the cutter comprises two base layers 12, a middle interlayer 13 and a blade 14, the two base layers 12 are respectively and fixedly connected with two sides of the middle interlayer 13, and one end of the blade 14, which is far away from the blade, is integrally formed with one end of the middle interlayer 13;
as shown in fig. 3, the specific manufacturing steps are as follows:
s1, establishing a three-dimensional solid model of the cutter, and formulating a 3D printing additive manufacturing scheme according to the established three-dimensional model;
s2, adjusting the positions of the laser 2 and the scanner 3, closing the powder outlet of the first powder conveying bin 6, opening the powder outlet of the second powder conveying bin 7, spreading powder on the substrate 11 according to a formulated 3D printing additive manufacturing scheme, printing layer by layer, and manufacturing the base layer 12 on one side;
s3, starting the negative pressure device 10, and recycling surplus powder which flows out from the powder outlet of the second powder conveying bin 7 and is not formed around the cutter into the second recycling bin 9;
s4, closing the powder outlet of the second powder conveying bin 7, opening the powder outlet of the first powder conveying bin 6, spreading powder on the substrate 11 according to a formulated 3D printing additive manufacturing scheme, printing layer by layer, and manufacturing the middle interlayer 13 and the cutting edge 14;
s5, starting the negative pressure device 10, and recycling the surplus powder which flows out from the powder outlet of the first powder conveying bin 6 and is not formed around the cutter into the first recycling bin 8;
s6, repeating the steps S2 and S3, printing layer by layer, and manufacturing the base layer on the other side until the whole cutter is machined;
s7, cutting and separating the cutter from the substrate 11;
and S8, carrying out post-processing on the cutter.
By adopting the technical scheme, according to the structural characteristics of the heterogeneous cutter, a three-dimensional solid model and an additive manufacturing scheme are established, the positions of a laser and a scanner are adjusted, the powder type is printed according to needs, the powder outlet of the first powder conveying bin or the powder outlet of the second powder conveying bin is alternately opened and closed, the powder is spread on a substrate according to the established 3D printing additive manufacturing scheme, the printing is performed layer by layer, the cutter is manufactured, before the powder is alternately spread each time, a negative pressure device is opened, the surplus unformed powder accumulated on the periphery of the cutter at the previous layer is recycled to the corresponding recycling bin, the situation that different materials in a printing area are mixed when the powder of the different materials is spread next time is avoided, the precision of the cutter is reduced, meanwhile, the powder of the different materials is respectively recycled by the two recycling bins, the powder mixing of the different materials is prevented, the recycling of the powder is convenient, and the production cost is saved; and after the layer-by-layer printing is finished, the cutter is taken down from the substrate for post-processing so as to improve the quality of the machined cutter.
In addition to the above embodiments, in step S3, a low-melting-point protecting agent is added to the powder contained in the first powder hopper 6.
By adopting the technical scheme, the low-melting-point protective agent is added into the powder in the first powder feeding bin, namely the low-melting-point protective agent is added into the powder for processing the middle interlayer and the cutting edge, the base layers and the middle interlayers at two sides can be printed alternately, and the interlayer interface bonding energy of different materials is reduced when the two materials are printed alternately, so that metallurgical fusion is achieved, the tissues and functions of the area printed alternately by the two materials are distributed in a gradient manner, and the performances of the two materials are integrated.
Further on the basis of the above embodiments, the low melting point protective agent may be one or more of B, Sn, Bi, Al, Sb, P, etc.; and the content of the low-melting-point protective agent is 0.1-2%.
Further on the basis of the above described embodiment, the layer-by-layer printed lamellae are 10 to 30 micrometers thick.
Further to the above embodiments, the material of the two base layers 12 is corrosion-resistant austenitic stainless steel, and the material of the intermediate layer 13 and the blade 14 is martensitic precipitated stainless steel.
By adopting the technical scheme, the corrosion-resistant austenitic stainless steel is nonmagnetic and has high toughness and plasticity, so that the base layers on the two sides of the cutter have high toughness correspondingly, and the cutter breakage is avoided; the martensite precipitation stainless steel has the characteristic of high hardness, so that when the cutter meets harder objects, the cutter edge rolling is avoided, and simultaneously, the cutter edge is sharp and is not easy to wear and rust, and the problem that the toughness and hardness of the existing cutter cannot be combined is solved.
In other preferred embodiments, the material of the intermediate layer 13 and the blade 14 can be any of W18Cr4V, W6Mo5Cr4V2, Cr12MoV, YG8, YG15, and the like, which meet the working requirements.
In addition to the above embodiments, the two base layers 12 are also interfolded with the interlayer 13.
By adopting the technical scheme, the two base layers and the middle interlayer, namely different materials are in transition fusion, so that the characteristics of the two materials are integrated in the different material alternating regions, and the gradient function is realized.
Further on the basis of the above embodiment, the cutter is separated from the substrate 11 by wire cutting.
Further, in step S8, the post-treatment includes a quenching treatment and a tempering treatment on the basis of the above embodiment.
By adopting the technical scheme, the quality of the cutter can be improved after quenching treatment and tempering treatment, so that the cutter can meet the working requirements.
On the basis of the above embodiment, further, the specific parameters of the quenching treatment are as follows: the heating temperature is 1000 to 1040 ℃, and oil is used as a cooling medium; the specific parameters of the tempering treatment are as follows: the heating temperature is 300-480 ℃, and air is used as a cooling medium.
In summary, the laser selective melting additive manufacturing equipment for the heterogeneous materials provided by the invention is provided with two powder feeding bins, the two powder feeding bins containing different powders are respectively arranged at two sides of the scraper and can slide along with the scraper, when the powders of different materials need to be processed, the powder feeding port of the powder feeding bin containing the previous layer of powder is closed, the powder feeding port of the other powder feeding bin is opened, and after the powder spreading of the scraper is finished, the cladding forming of different parts and various materials on a processed workpiece can be realized through laser.
Before different powders are alternately spread, the negative pressure device needs to be opened, the previous layer of unformed redundant powder accumulated around the workpiece is recycled into the recycling bin through the pipeline, and the phenomenon that the performance of processing the workpiece is reduced due to the fact that the previous layer of dissimilar material powder is remained when the next layer of dissimilar material powder is printed is avoided.
The invention also provides a laser selective melting additive manufacturing method for the heterogeneous cutter, wherein the base layers on the two sides of the cutter are made of corrosion-resistant austenitic stainless steel, the intermediate interlayer and the cutting edge are made of martensite precipitated stainless steel, the two materials are in transition fusion, the characteristics of the two materials are integrated, the cutter subjected to quenching and tempering has high toughness and high hardness, and the service life of the cutter is prolonged.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A selective laser melting additive manufacturing device for heterogeneous materials is characterized by comprising a forming chamber,
a laser disposed inside the forming chamber for generating a laser beam;
the scanner is arranged in the forming chamber and positioned in front of a light outlet of the laser, reflects the laser beam according to a preset scheme, and sends the laser beam to a forming area through a laser window so as to carry out laser cladding;
the forming chamber lifting platform is arranged below the forming chamber and communicated with the forming chamber, and a substrate is arranged on the forming chamber lifting platform;
the scraper is arranged on a scraper frame, and the scraper frame is connected to the top of the forming chamber in a sliding mode through a sliding way;
the two powder feeding bins are fixedly arranged on the left side and the right side of the scraper and can slide along the slide way along with the scraper left and right; the two powder feeding bins are used for containing powder of different materials;
the two recovery bins are arranged on two sides of the forming chamber and are communicated with the forming chamber through pipelines, the pipelines and the recovery bins form powder recovery channels, and the two recovery bins respectively recover powder of different materials so as to prevent the powder of the different materials from being mixed;
and the negative pressure device is used for generating negative pressure in the corresponding recovery channel at least before the powder of different materials is alternately spread to recover the powder.
2. The manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the negative pressure device communicates with the recovery bin through a screen.
3. The manufacturing equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the two side walls of the forming chamber are respectively provided with an openable and closable adsorption port, one end of the pipeline is communicated with the forming chamber, and the other end of the pipeline is communicated with the recovery bin.
4. The manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a motor for driving the scraper and the powder feeding bin to move; the negative pressure device is a vacuum pump.
5. A manufacturing method for manufacturing a heterogeneous cutting tool using the manufacturing apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: the cutter comprises two base layers, a middle interlayer and a cutting edge, wherein the two base layers are respectively and fixedly connected with the two sides of the middle interlayer, one end of the cutting edge far away from the cutting edge is integrally formed with one end of the middle interlayer,
the specific manufacturing steps are as follows:
s1, establishing a three-dimensional solid model of the cutter, and formulating a 3D printing additive manufacturing scheme according to the established three-dimensional model;
s2, adjusting the positions of the laser and the scanner, closing the powder outlet of the first powder conveying bin, opening the powder outlet of the second powder conveying bin, spreading powder on the substrate according to the established 3D printing additive manufacturing scheme, printing layer by layer, and manufacturing a base layer on one side;
s3, starting a negative pressure device, and recycling surplus powder which flows out of the powder outlet of the second powder feeding bin and is not formed around the cutter into a second recycling bin;
s4, closing the powder outlet of the second powder conveying bin, opening the powder outlet of the first powder conveying bin, spreading powder on the substrate according to the established 3D printing additive manufacturing scheme, printing layer by layer, and manufacturing a middle interlayer and a cutting edge;
s5, starting a negative pressure device, and recycling surplus powder which flows out of the powder outlet of the first powder feeding bin and is not formed around the cutter into the first recycling bin;
s6, repeating the steps S2 and S3, printing layer by layer, and manufacturing the base layer on the other side until the cutter is integrally machined;
s7, cutting and separating the cutter from the substrate;
and S8, carrying out post-processing on the cutter.
6. The manufacturing method according to claim 5, wherein in step S3, a low-melting-point protective agent is added to the powder contained in the first powder feeding hopper.
7. The manufacturing method according to claim 5, wherein the layer-by-layer printed lamellae have a thickness of 10 to 30 micrometers.
8. The method of claim 5, wherein the base layers are made of corrosion resistant austenitic stainless steel, and the intermediate layer and the blade edge are made of martensitic stainless steel.
9. The method of claim 5, wherein the base layer and the interlayer are interfitted between the base layer and the interlayer.
10. The manufacturing method according to claim 5, wherein in the step S8, the post-treatment includes a quenching treatment and a tempering treatment.
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| CN110394446B (en) * | 2019-08-22 | 2020-10-23 | 北京理工大学 | Connecting structure and connecting method of heterogeneous metal materials |
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| CN111036901A (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2020-04-21 | 西安航天发动机有限公司 | Selective laser melting forming method for multi-material part |
| CN111069600B (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2021-06-29 | 上海交通大学 | Additive manufacturing method of low-modulus titanium/titanium layered material |
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| CN113664224A (en) * | 2021-08-24 | 2021-11-19 | 山东大学 | Powder feeding device and method for selective laser melting forming and printing equipment |
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| CN104588650B (en) * | 2015-02-26 | 2017-01-04 | 上海交通大学 | Functionally gradient part based on three-dimensional heterogeneous paving powder increases material manufacture method |
| CN204701159U (en) * | 2015-06-09 | 2015-10-14 | 西安科技大学 | A kind of large-scale SLS forming machine automatic powder reclaiming device |
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