CN110031840A - A kind of rock mass superficial part joint plane knowledge method based on geological radar technology - Google Patents
A kind of rock mass superficial part joint plane knowledge method based on geological radar technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN110031840A CN110031840A CN201910268090.5A CN201910268090A CN110031840A CN 110031840 A CN110031840 A CN 110031840A CN 201910268090 A CN201910268090 A CN 201910268090A CN 110031840 A CN110031840 A CN 110031840A
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- joint plane
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- rock mass
- superficial part
- joint
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
- G01V3/12—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation operating with electromagnetic waves
Abstract
The rock mass superficial part joint plane recognition methods based on geological radar technology that the invention discloses a kind of.Radar cross-section image is obtained including laying radar antenna, to the processing of radar cross-section image, obtains joint plane information in image after treatment, joint occurrence and length are calculated by the trigonometric function conversion formula of true apparent dip, joint plane length.The present invention has the advantages that accurately quickly to identify rock mass superficial part joint plane, simple possible and easy to operate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to geology detection technique field, especially a kind of rock mass superficial part joint plane based on geological radar technology
Recognition methods.
Background technique
Joint is that rock mass forms the fracture for not occurring obviously to be displaced under the action of various power, is extensive development in rock mass
Discontinuity surface.The joint cutting largely developed in rock mass weakens the globality of rock, so that its intensity is deteriorated, drastically influences work
The generation of construction and the geological disaster of journey；Meanwhile joint is the circulation of underground water and mine liquid, storage, leakage, aggregation provide channel
And space, joint are deposited water conservancy construction and ore bodies and are had an important influence；Therefore, it is looked into fields such as geotechnical engineering, Geological Engineerings
Bright ROCK MASS JOINT information is of crucial importance, is the prerequisite that the parameters such as rock mass strength, infiltration are carried out with analytical calculation.
Joint is formed in inside rock mass, and only in rock mass surface, the method for traditional joint investigation is in rock for part exposure
Appear it is upper measured using circumferentor, ruler, but this extension situation that cannot obtain joint inside rock mass cannot
No exposure is obtained in the information at the part joint on rock mass surface, is just more difficult to measure when there is surface dust covering on rock mass surface.
Summary of the invention
The rock mass superficial part joint plane recognition methods based on geological radar technology that the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of.Its
Have the advantages that accurately quickly to identify rock mass superficial part joint plane, simple possible and easy to operate.
Technical solution of the present invention: a kind of rock mass superficial part joint plane recognition methods based on geological radar technology, this method
Radar cross-section image is obtained including laying radar antenna, to the processing of radar cross-section image, obtains joint plane in image after treatment
Information calculates joint occurrence and length by the trigonometric function conversion formula of true apparent dip, joint plane length.
In rock mass superficial part joint plane recognition methods above-mentioned based on geological radar technology, this method comprises the following steps:
(1) radar antenna is detected along the direction arrangement survey line of two and joint plane oblique to be measured, obtains radar cross-section
Image；
(2) radar cross-section image is subjected to range normalization processing, and makes the abscissa and ordinate unit of radar image
Scale bar is identical, radar image after must handling；
(3) information of joint plane is read in radar image after treatment；
(4) by trigonometric function conversion formula by the information of the joint plane read can be calculated joint plane occurrence and
Length.
In rock mass superficial part joint plane recognition methods above-mentioned based on geological radar technology, in the step (1), in radar
The layout points of radar are set to H point in profile image；Subpoint of the H point on joint plane is set to O；The arrangement of two radar antennas
Point is set to D point and C point；Except endpoint peripheral hardware is a little G point on DC line；Then HD, HC are radar line direction, and HG inclines for joint plane
To direction；Determining joint plane true dip angle ∠ HGO is α；Apparent dip ∠ OCH is β；Apparent dip ∠ ODH is β '；True dip angle and apparent dip
Angle ∠ COG and ∠ DOG distinguishes ω, ω '；The azimuth of HC is γHC；The azimuth of HD is γHD；Determine ω+ω '=θ；Then may be used
?
γ is set as by the azimuth that the survey line of geologic radar detection advancesHC, γHD, then joint plane is inclined to:
Or
In rock mass superficial part joint plane recognition methods above-mentioned based on geological radar technology, the θ is greater than 90 °.
In rock mass superficial part joint plane recognition methods above-mentioned based on geological radar technology, the survey of the geologic radar detection
Line direction of advance is aCH, aDHWhen, then joint plane is inclined to are as follows:
Or
In rock mass superficial part joint plane recognition methods above-mentioned based on geological radar technology, the thunder of described pair of detection joint plane
Up to after profile image normalized, length l of the joint plane in floor projection is readoc, then lOH=locTan β,Joint plane length lHGTrigonometric function formula are as follows:
In rock mass superficial part joint plane recognition methods above-mentioned based on geological radar technology, the geological radar antenna is along view
It is mobile to be inclined to the direction HD, joint plane length lHGTrigonometric function formula are as follows:
In rock mass superficial part joint plane recognition methods above-mentioned based on geological radar technology, the information for reading joint plane
It is the position for reading joint plane, buried depth, geometric shape, group number, arrangement and spacing, then reads joint plane apparent dip and thrown in level
Length on shadow.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1, the characteristic that the present invention is reflected and transmitted in different media using the emitted electromagnetic wave of geological radar is proposed to rock
Body superficial part joint plane carries out knowledge method for distinguishing, and this method has higher resolution ratio, lossless, accurate positioning, fast, economical, flexibly side
Just, the advantages that section is intuitive and Real-time image display.
2, the present invention sparse joint plane identification suitable for all kinds of rock mass, is especially hidden in the joint of shallow-layer inside rock mass
Face.It is different from traditional compass+ruler measurement method, the present invention may detect the form of joint plane inside rock mass, can visit
Survey and calculate the length of joint plane.It is a kind of efficient, advanced lossless detection method.With acquiring, convenient, speed is fast, is easy to adjust
Whole, adaptable advantage.
3, when the present invention detects the joint plane being hidden in inside rock mass, for superficial part within the scope of rock mass 0-2.0m
Recognition effect is fabulous.And the present invention is of less demanding to operating condition, there is the features such as stronger universality, there is stronger economy and society
It can be worth, application development prospect is very wide.
It is 4, of the invention because using geological radar to detect to the ROCK MASS JOINT face that inside rock mass and surface dust covers is hidden in,
Error caused by view tendency detection can be eliminated by the trigonometric function conversion formula of proposition, is allowed using geologic radar detection joint
Face is more accurate.
In summary: the present invention not only has and accurately can quickly identify rock mass superficial part joint plane, simple possible and operation side
Just the advantages of, also has many advantages, such as that efficient, lossless, applied widely and detection is accurate.
The derivation process of joint occurrence mathematics conversion formula of the present invention is as shown in connection with fig. 2, it is known that HD, HC are radar survey line
Direction, HG are that joint plane is inclined to direction, and wherein α is true dip angle, and β, β ' they are apparent dip, and apparent dip value is smaller than true dip angle value, ω,
ω ' is the angle between true tendency and view tendency, and the relationship of true dip angle and apparent dip can be indicated with mathematical expression: tan β=tan α
cosω.When view tendency, which deviates, is really inclined to bigger, apparent dip is smaller；When being moved towards in parallel depending on being inclined to, depending on being preferably equal to zero.
When the unknown joint plane of geologic radar detection, survey line direction of travel be difficult to it is consistent with tendency trend, generally along view
It is inclined to direction, need to be converted by mathematical formulae in HD in the inclination alpha asked indirectly such as figure, two surveys line are laid in the direction HC, theoretically
Apparent dip β, β ' value can be obtained from two radar profiles, by recording survey line HD, HC direction of advance, as the azimuth HC is
γHC, the azimuth of HD is γHD.The value of two survey line angle ω+ω ' can be calculated, it is assumed that ω+ω '=θ, θ are given value,
Have:
Simultaneous (1) (2) (3) formula obtains
Have:
ω substitution tan β=tan α cos ω can be obtained into joint plane true dip angle:
α is the apparent dip as obtained by two joint planes of geological radar random probing in above formula, and accurate quantitative analysis calculates section
The inclination angle in reason face, but need to guarantee that two survey line angles of field detection joint plane are greater than 90 °, i.e. ω+ω '=90 ° of θ >, or protect
It demonstrate,proves two surveys line and is located at the two sides true line of dip HG；It is γ by the azimuth that the survey line of geologic radar detection advancesHC, γHD, can
Find out joint plane tendency:
If the survey line direction of advance of geologic radar detection is γCH, γDH.Then joint plane is inclined to are as follows:
Joint plane length mathematics conversion formula of the present invention is the radar cross-section image that will detect joint plane as shown in connection with fig. 3
After normalized, radar image horizontal direction can obtain survey line length, can read length l of the joint plane in floor projectionoc
And antenna is calculated by view tendency direction, the length at the joint detected, as shown in figure 3, β is apparent dip,
Then:
Radar antenna can more accurately read the section in view tendency direction by formula along view tendency orientation detection joint plane length
Reason face length.It but is not the true length of joint plane, therefore the existing trigonometric function turn proposed through view dip joint face length
It is changed to joint plane actual length, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, the length l of line segment OC is gone out in radar imageoc, joint occurrence algorithm
In can be by the way that the value of inclination alpha be calculated, then joint plane length lHGTrigonometric function formula calculates as follows:
lOH=loctanβ
If geological radar antenna is moved along depending on the tendency direction HD, can similarly obtain:
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the schematic illustration of geologic radar detection joint plane；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the relationship of true dip angle and apparent dip；
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of geologic radar detection joint plane length；
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of sandbox simulation model；
Fig. 5 is γHCThe schematic diagram of single-unit reason is surveyed along 60 °；
Fig. 6 is γHDAlong 120 ° of schematic diagram；
Fig. 7 is γHCThe schematic diagram at " X " type joint is surveyed along 70 °；
Fig. 8 is γHDThe schematic diagram at " X " type joint is surveyed along 130 °；
Fig. 9 is γHCThe schematic diagram at " people " type joint is surveyed along 60 °；
Figure 10 γHDThe schematic diagram at " people " type joint is surveyed along 120 °；
Figure 11 γHCThe schematic diagram of binodal reason is surveyed along 60 °；
Figure 12 γHDThe schematic diagram of binodal reason is surveyed along 120 °；
Figure 13 γHCThe schematic diagram of single-unit reason is surveyed along 60 °；
Figure 14 γHDThe schematic diagram of single-unit reason is surveyed along 120 °；
Figure 15 γHCThe schematic diagram at " X " type joint is surveyed along 70 °；
Figure 16 γHDThe schematic diagram at " X " type joint is surveyed along 130 °；
Figure 17 γHCThe schematic diagram at " people " type joint is surveyed along 60 °；
Figure 18 γHDThe schematic diagram at " people " type joint is surveyed along 120 °；
Figure 19 γHCThe schematic diagram of binodal reason is surveyed along 60 °；
Figure 20 γHDThe schematic diagram of binodal reason is surveyed along 120 °.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, but be not intended as to the present invention limit according to
According to.It is the conventional prior of this field for not specifically specified structure or technique.
Embodiment.A kind of rock mass superficial part joint plane knowledge method based on geological radar technology, this experiment use following equipment:
SIR-20 type geological radar and 900MHz antenna, the present embodiment, which is put forth effort on, grinds the geological radar identification of rock mass superficial part joint plane
Study carefully, the Basic Geological Characteristics at superficial part joint, such as apparent dip, joint size etc. are recognized accurately, to be used in Practical Project.Therefore
Production is 1.2 meters long, and 0.7 meter wide, for high 1 meter of wooden case to simulate isotropic rock mass, experimental model schematic diagram is as shown in Figure 4.Using wet
Plank simulation joint is embedded in wooden case, is above covered the sand of different-thickness, is changed the embedded angle of plank, size, quantity, depth etc.
Different occurrences, different depth, different length are simulated, the joint plane of difference group number carries out a series of detections with geological radar.Locating
Read in radar cross-section image after reason the position of joint plane, buried depth, geometric shape, group number, arrangement and etc. information, read section
The apparent dip in reason face, the length projected in level, and the trigonometric function calculation formula by proposing joint occurrence and length
To calculate the occurrence and length of joint plane.Specifically includes the following steps:
(1) using joint plane is simulated in geologic radar detection sandbox when, radar antenna is along two and simulation joint plane to be measured
The direction arrangement survey line of oblique is detected.And record the mobile orientation angles of antenna and antenna angle, the initial data of acquisition
As shown in Fig. 5-Figure 12.
(2) range normalization processing will be carried out along the radar cross-section image of two different view tendency detections, and makes radar
The abscissa of image is identical with ordinate unit length scale bar, and data after processing are as shown in Figure 13-Figure 20.
(3) buried depth, geometric shape, group number, arrangement, the spacing etc. of joint plane are read in the radar image handled well, and
Joint plane apparent dip, length in floor projection etc. are read again, and Information Statistics are as shown in table 1, table 2.
(4) joint occurrence, length, Information Statistics are calculated by apparent dip etc. by the trigonometric function conversion formula proposed
As shown in table 1, table 2.
Table 1 simulates the true value and measured value (unit: °) of the occurrence at joint along random direction detection sandbox
Note: error formula:
Error amount is able to satisfy actual requirement within 10% in engineering.
As can be seen from Table 1, the measured value of the occurrence at joint and true is simulated in obtained sandbox by the method for the invention
Real value is very close, can obtain more accurately as a result, tendency error of tilt be no more than 10%, reality is able to satisfy in engineering
Border requires.It is a kind of recognition methods of reliable joint attitude.
Table 2 simulates the true value and measured value of the length of joint plane along random direction detection sandbox
Note: error formula:
As can be seen from Table 2, the measurement of length value at joint and true is simulated in obtained sandbox by the method for the invention
Real value is very close, can obtain more accurately as a result, tendency error of tilt be respectively less than 5%, reality is able to satisfy in engineering
It is required that.It is a kind of reliable joint size degree recognition methods.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of rock mass superficial part joint plane recognition methods based on geological radar technology, it is characterised in that: this method includes laying
Radar antenna obtains radar cross-section image, to the processing of radar cross-section image, joint plane information is obtained in image after treatment, by true
Apparent dip, the trigonometric function conversion formula calculating joint occurrence of joint plane length and length.
2. the rock mass superficial part joint plane recognition methods according to claim 1 based on geological radar technology, which is characterized in that
This method comprises the following steps:
(1) radar antenna is detected along the direction arrangement survey line of two and joint plane oblique to be measured, obtains radar cross-section image；
(2) radar cross-section image is subjected to range normalization processing, and makes the abscissa and ordinate unit ratio of radar image
Ruler is identical, radar image after must handling；
(3) information of joint plane is read in radar image after treatment；
(4) occurrence and length of joint plane can be calculated by the information of the joint plane read by trigonometric function conversion formula
Degree.
3. the rock mass superficial part joint plane recognition methods according to claim 2 based on geological radar technology, it is characterised in that:
In the step (1), the layout points of radar are set to H point in radar cross-section image；Subpoint of the H point on joint plane is set to
O；The layout points of two radar antennas are set to D point and C point；Except endpoint peripheral hardware is a little G point on DC line；Then HD, HC are radar
Line direction, HG are that joint plane is inclined to direction；Determining joint plane true dip angle ∠ HGO is α；Apparent dip ∠ OCH is β；Apparent dip ∠ ODH
For β '；Angle ∠ COG and the ∠ DOG of true dip angle and apparent dip distinguishes ω, ω '；The azimuth of HC is γHC；The azimuth of HD is
γHD；Determine ω+ω '=θ；It can then obtain
γ is set as by the azimuth that the survey line of geologic radar detection advancesHC, γHD, then joint plane is inclined to:
Or
4. the rock mass superficial part joint plane recognition methods according to claim 3 based on geological radar technology, it is characterised in that:
The θ is greater than 90 °.
5. the rock mass superficial part joint plane recognition methods according to claim 3 based on geological radar technology, it is characterised in that:
The survey line direction of advance of the geologic radar detection is γCH, γDHWhen, then joint plane is inclined to are as follows:
Or
6. the rock mass superficial part joint plane recognition methods according to claim 3 based on geological radar technology, it is characterised in that:
After the radar cross-section image normalized of described pair of detection joint plane, length l of the joint plane in floor projection is readoc, then
lOH=locTan β,Joint plane length lHGTrigonometric function formula are as follows:
7. the rock mass superficial part joint plane recognition methods according to claim 6 based on geological radar technology, it is characterised in that:
The geological radar antenna is moved along depending on the tendency direction HD, joint plane length lHGTrigonometric function formula are as follows:
8. the rock mass superficial part joint plane recognition methods according to claim 2 based on geological radar technology, it is characterised in that:
The information for reading joint plane is the position for reading joint plane, buried depth, geometric shape, group number, arrangement and spacing.
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