CN110031840B - Rock mass shallow joint surface identification method based on geological radar technology - Google Patents
Rock mass shallow joint surface identification method based on geological radar technology Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rock mass shallow joint surface identification method based on a geological radar technology. The method comprises the steps of arranging a radar antenna to obtain a radar section image, processing the radar section image, obtaining joint plane information in the processed image, and calculating the attitude and the length of the joint plane by a trigonometric function conversion formula of a true view inclination angle and the length of the joint plane. The method has the advantages of capability of accurately and quickly identifying the rock shallow joint surface, simplicity, feasibility and convenience in operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geological detection, in particular to a rock mass shallow joint surface identification method based on a geological radar technology.
Background
The joint is a fracture of the rock mass without obvious displacement under various forces, and is a widely developed discontinuous surface in the rock mass. The integrity of the rock is weakened by joint cutting of massive development in the rock mass, so that the strength of the rock is poor, and the construction of engineering and the occurrence of geological disasters are seriously influenced; meanwhile, the joints provide channels and spaces for circulation, storage, leakage and aggregation of underground water and mineral liquid, and the joints have important influence on water conservancy construction and mineral occurrence; therefore, finding out the rock mass joint information in the fields of geotechnical engineering, geological engineering and the like is extremely important and is a prerequisite for analyzing and calculating parameters such as rock mass strength, permeability and the like.
Joints are formed in the rock body, and only part of the joints is exposed on the surface of the rock body, and the traditional joint investigation method is to measure the joints on the exposed parts of the rock body by adopting a geological compass and a ruler, but the extension condition of the joints in the rock body cannot be obtained, the information of the part of the joints which are not exposed on the surface of the rock body cannot be obtained, and the measurement is more difficult when the surface of the rock body is covered by floating soil.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a rock mass shallow joint surface identification method based on a geological radar technology. The method has the advantages of being capable of accurately and quickly identifying the rock mass shallow joint surface, simple and feasible, and convenient to operate.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a rock mass shallow joint surface identification method based on geological radar technology comprises the steps of arranging a radar antenna to obtain a radar section image, processing the radar section image, obtaining joint surface information in the processed image, and calculating the attitude and the length of a joint surface by a trigonometric function conversion formula of a true dip angle and the length of the joint surface.
In the method for identifying the joint surface of the shallow part of the rock mass based on the geological radar technology, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) The radar antenna arranges measuring lines along two directions obliquely crossed with the joint surface to be detected for detection to obtain a radar section image;
(2) Carrying out distance normalization processing on the radar section image, and enabling the unit scale of the abscissa and the unit scale of the ordinate of the radar image to be the same, so as to obtain a processed radar image;
(3) Reading out the information of the joint surface in the processed radar image;
(4) The attitude and the length of the joint surface can be calculated by the read information of the joint surface through a trigonometric function conversion formula.
In the method for identifying the rock mass shallow joint surface based on the geological radar technology, in the step (1), the arrangement point of the radar is set as an H point in the radar section image; the projection point of the H point on the joint surface is defined as O; the arrangement points of the two radar antennas are set as a point D and a point C; one point except the end point on the DC connecting line is a point G; HD and HC are radar line measurement directions, and HG is a joint plane inclination direction; the true inclination angle of the joint determining surface is alpha; the apparent dip angle OCH is beta; the apparent dip angle ODH is beta'; the included angles between the true inclination angle and the visual inclination angle are omega and omega' respectively; azimuthal angle of HC of γ HC (ii) a Azimuth angle of HD is gamma HD (ii) a Determining omega + omega' = theta; then it can be obtained
The azimuth angle of the advancing survey line detected by the geological radar is set as gamma HC ，γ HD Then the joint face tends to：
In the method for identifying the rock mass shallow joint surface based on the geological radar technology, the theta is greater than 90 degrees.
In the method for identifying the rock mass shallow joint surface based on the geological radar technology, the advancing direction of the measuring line detected by the geological radar is according to CH According to DH Then, the joint surface tendency is:
In the method for identifying the rock mass shallow joint surface based on the geological radar technology, after the radar section image of the detected joint surface is normalized, the length l of the joint surface on the horizontal projection is read oc Then l is obtained OH ＝l oc tanβ，
Length of joint surface l HG The trigonometric function formula of (a) is:
in the method for identifying the jointed surface of the shallow part of the rock mass based on the geological radar technology, the geological radar antenna moves along the direction of the apparent inclination HD, and the length l of the jointed surface HG The trigonometric function formula of (a) is:
in the method for identifying the rock mass shallow joint surface based on the geological radar technology, the information of the read joint surface includes the position, the burial depth, the geometric shape, the number of groups, the arrangement and the spacing of the read joint surface, and then the apparent dip angle and the length of the horizontal projection of the read joint surface are read.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the method for identifying the rock body shallow joint surface is provided by utilizing the characteristics of reflection and transmission of electromagnetic waves transmitted by the geological radar in different media, and has the advantages of higher resolution, no damage, accurate positioning, quickness, economy, flexibility, convenience, visual section, real-time image display and the like.
2. The method is suitable for identifying sparse joint surfaces in various rock masses, in particular to joint surfaces hidden in shallow layers in rock masses. Different from the traditional compass and ruler measurement method, the invention can detect the shape of the joint surface in the rock mass and can detect and calculate the length of the joint surface. Is an efficient and advanced nondestructive testing method. Has the advantages of convenient collection, high speed, easy adjustment and strong adaptability.
3. When the method is used for detecting the joint surface hidden in the rock mass, the method has excellent identification effect on the shallow part of the rock mass within the range of 0-2.0 m. The invention has the characteristics of low requirements on working conditions, strong universality and the like, has strong economic and social values and has very wide application and development prospects.
4. According to the invention, because the geological radar is used for detecting the rock mass joint surface hidden in the rock mass and covered by the floating soil, the error caused by the apparent inclination detection can be eliminated through the provided trigonometric function conversion formula, and the detection of the joint surface by using the geological radar is more accurate.
In summary, the following steps: the method has the advantages of being capable of accurately and quickly identifying the rock mass shallow joint plane, simple and feasible, convenient to operate, efficient, lossless, wide in application range, accurate in detection and the like.
The derivation process of the mathematical conversion formula of joint surface attitude of the invention is shown by combining with figure 2, and can be known that HD and HC are radar line measurement directions, HG is a joint surface inclination direction, wherein alpha is a true inclination angle, beta and beta 'are view inclination angles, the view inclination angle value is smaller than the true inclination angle value, omega and omega' are included angles between the true inclination angle and the view inclination angle, and the relation between the true inclination angle and the view inclination angle can be expressed by a mathematical formula: tan β = tan α · cos ω. The smaller the apparent dip angle when the apparent dip deviates from the true dip; when the apparent tendencies run parallel, the apparent tendencies are equal to zero.
When the geological radar detects unknown joint surfaces, the walking direction of the measuring line is difficult to be consistent with the trend of the trend, generally, the walking direction of the measuring line is along the apparent trend direction, two measuring lines are arranged in the directions of HD and HC of the inclination angle alpha which is indirectly solved by conversion of a mathematical formula, the values of the apparent inclination angle beta and beta' can be obtained from two radar section diagrams theoretically, and the advancing directions of the measuring line HD and HC are recorded, if the azimuth angle of HC is gamma HC Azimuth of HD is gamma HD . The value of the angle ω + ω 'between the two measurement lines can be calculated, assuming ω + ω' = θ, θ is a known value, namely:
simultaneous formation of the formulas (1), (2) and (3)
Namely, the method comprises the following steps:
substituting ω into tan β = tan α · cos ω yields the true pitch angle of the nodal plane:
in the formula, alpha is an apparent dip angle obtained by randomly detecting two joint surfaces through a geological radar, and the dip angle of the joint surfaces is accurately and quantitatively calculated, but the included angle of two measuring lines for detecting the joint surfaces in the field is required to be more than 90 degrees, namely omega + omega' = theta is more than 90 degrees, or the two measuring lines are arranged at two sides of a true inclination line HG; the azimuth angle of advancing of the survey line detected by the geological radar is gamma HC ，γ HD The joint face tendency can be found:
if the advancing direction of the measuring line detected by the geological radar is gamma CH ，γ DH . The joint face tendency is then:
the mathematical conversion formula of the joint surface length of the invention is shown in figure 3, after the radar section image of the detected joint surface is normalized,the length of a measuring line can be obtained in the horizontal direction of the radar image, and the length l of the joint surface on the horizontal projection can be read oc And calculates the length of the joint detected by the antenna passing through the dip direction, as shown in fig. 3, where beta is the dip angle,
then: l OH ＝l oc tanβ；
The radar antenna detects the length of the joint surface along the dip direction, and the length of the joint surface in the dip direction can be accurately read through a formula. But not the real length of the joint plane, it is proposed to convert the length of the joint plane into the real length of the joint plane by means of a trigonometric function of the apparent joint plane length, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the length l of the outlet section OC in the radar image oc The length l of the joint surface can be obtained by calculating the value of the dip angle alpha in the joint surface attitude algorithm HG The trigonometric function formula is calculated as follows:
l OH ＝l oo tanβ
if the geological radar antenna is moved in the apparent HD direction, the same can be said:
drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a geological radar detection joint;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of true tilt angle versus apparent tilt angle;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a geological radar detection joint length;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a sandbox experimental model;
FIG. 5 is γ HC Schematic view of a single joint along 60 °;
FIG. 6 is γ HD Schematic along 120 °;
FIG. 7 is γ HC A schematic view of an "X" type joint measured along 70 °;
FIG. 8 is γ HD A schematic view of an "X" type joint measured along 130 °;
FIG. 9 is γ HC A schematic view of a "man" joint measured along 60 °;
FIG. 10. Gamma HD A schematic view of a "man" joint measured along 120 °;
FIG. 11. Gamma HC Schematic diagram of double joints measured along 60 °;
FIG. 12. Gamma HD Schematic diagram of double joints measured along 120 °;
FIG. 13. Gamma HC Schematic view of a single joint along 60 °;
FIG. 14. Gamma HD Schematic view of a single joint along 120 °;
FIG. 15. Gamma HC A schematic view of an "X" type joint measured along 70 °;
FIG. 16. Gamma HD A schematic view of an "X" type joint measured along 130 °;
FIG. 17. Gamma HC A schematic view of a "man" joint measured along 60 °;
FIG. 18. Gamma HD A schematic view of a "man" joint measured along 120 °;
FIG. 19. Gamma HC Schematic diagram of double joints measured along 60 °;
FIG. 20. Gamma HD Schematic representation of the double joint along 120 deg..
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples, which are not to be construed as limiting the invention. The structures or processes not specifically mentioned are conventional in the art.
Examples are given. A rock mass shallow joint surface identification method based on geological radar technology adopts the following equipment: the embodiment of the SIR-20 type geological radar and the 900MHz antenna focuses on the geological radar identification research of the rock body shallow joint surface, and the basic geological characteristics of the shallow joint, such as dip angle, joint length and the like, are accurately identified so as to be used for practical engineering. Therefore, a wooden box with the length of 1.2 meters, the width of 0.7 meters and the height of 1 meter is manufactured to simulate a homogeneous rock mass, and the schematic diagram of an experimental model is shown in figure 4. The joint simulation method is characterized in that a wet wood plate is utilized to simulate joints and is buried in a wood box, sandy soil with different thicknesses is coated on the joint simulation method, the joint simulation surfaces with different production shapes, different depths, different lengths and different numbers of groups of joints of the wood plate are changed, and a series of detections are carried out by using a geological radar. And reading information such as the position, the burial depth, the geometric form, the number of groups, the arrangement, the spacing and the like of the joint surface in the processed radar section image, reading the apparent dip angle of the joint surface, the length projected on the horizontal plane, and calculating the attitude and the length of the joint surface by providing a trigonometric function calculation formula of the attitude and the length of the joint surface. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) When a geological radar is used for detecting the simulated joint surface in the sand box, the radar antenna is arranged with measuring lines along two directions which are oblique to the simulated joint surface to be detected for detection. And recording the azimuth angle of the antenna movement and the antenna included angle, and the collected raw data are shown in fig. 5-12.
(2) The radar cross-sectional images detected along two different viewing directions are subjected to distance normalization processing, the scales of unit lengths of the abscissa and the ordinate of the radar image are made to be the same, and the processed data are shown in fig. 13-20.
(3) The burial depth, the geometric form, the group number, the arrangement, the spacing and the like of the joint surface are read in the processed radar image, the apparent dip angle, the length on the horizontal projection and the like of the joint surface are read, and the information statistics are shown in tables 1 and 2.
(4) The attitude and length of the joint surface are calculated by the proposed trigonometric function conversion formula according to the apparent dip angle, and the information statistics are shown in tables 1 and 2.
TABLE 1 true and measured values (units: °) for detecting the occurrence of simulated joints in a sand box in random directions
Note: error formula:
the error value is within 10 percent, and the practical requirement can be met in engineering.
As can be seen from the table 1, the measured value of the simulation joint attitude in the sand box obtained by the method of the invention is very close to the true value, and a more accurate result can be obtained, the inclination angle error does not exceed 10%, and the actual requirements can be met in the engineering. The method is a reliable joint occurrence identification method.
TABLE 2 detection of the actual and measured values of the length of a simulated joint in a sandbox in random directions
Note: error formula:
as can be seen from the table 2, the measured value of the length of the simulated joint in the sand box obtained by the method is very close to the true value, more accurate results can be obtained, the inclination angle errors are less than 5%, and the actual requirements can be met in engineering. The method is a reliable joint length recognition method.
Claims (5)
1. A rock mass shallow joint surface identification method based on geological radar technology is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) The radar antenna arranges measuring lines along two directions obliquely crossed with the joint surface to be detected for detection to obtain a radar section image;
(2) Carrying out distance normalization processing on the radar section image, and enabling the unit scale of the abscissa and the unit scale of the ordinate of the radar image to be the same, so as to obtain a processed radar image;
(3) Reading out the information of the joint surface in the processed radar image;
(4) Calculating the attitude and the length of the joint surface according to the read information of the joint surface by a trigonometric function conversion formula;
in the step (1), setting a radar arrangement point in a radar section image as an H point; the projection point of the H point on the joint surface is defined as O; the arrangement points of the two radar antennas are set as a point D and a point C; one point except the end point on the DC connecting line is a point G; HD and HC are radar line measurement directions, and HG is a joint plane inclination direction; the true inclination angle of the joint determining surface is alpha; the apparent dip angle OCH is beta; the apparent dip angle ODH is beta'; the included angles between the true inclination angle and the visual inclination angle are omega and omega' respectively; azimuthal angle of HC of γ HC (ii) a Azimuthal angle of HD of gamma HD (ii) a Determining omega + omega' = theta; then it can be obtained:
the azimuth angle of the advancing survey line detected by the geological radar is set as gamma HC ，γ HD Then, the joint face tends:
After the radar section image of the detected joint surface is normalized, the length l of the joint surface on the horizontal projection is read oc Then l is OH ＝l oc tanβ，
Length of joint surface l HG The trigonometric function formula of (a) is:
2. the method for identifying the rock mass shallow joint plane based on the geological radar technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the theta is greater than 90 deg.
3. The geological radar technology-based rock mass shallow joint plane identification method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the advancing direction of the measuring line detected by the geological radar is gamma CH ，γ DH Then, the joint surface tendency is:
4. The method for identifying the rock mass shallow joint plane based on the geological radar technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the geological radar antenna moves along the direction of apparent inclination HD, and the length l of a joint surface HG The trigonometric function formula of (a) is:
5. the method for identifying the rock mass shallow joint plane based on the geological radar technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the information of the read-out joint surface is the position, the burial depth, the geometrical form, the number of groups, the arrangement and the spacing of the read-out joint surface.
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