CN110031164B - Method for measuring dynamic stiffness and damping of joint part of resin-mineral composite material - Google Patents

Method for measuring dynamic stiffness and damping of joint part of resin-mineral composite material Download PDF

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CN110031164B
CN110031164B CN201910287525.0A CN201910287525A CN110031164B CN 110031164 B CN110031164 B CN 110031164B CN 201910287525 A CN201910287525 A CN 201910287525A CN 110031164 B CN110031164 B CN 110031164B
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test piece
vibration
upper test
damping
joint part
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CN110031164A (en
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沈佳兴
徐平
于英华
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Liaoning Technical University
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Liaoning Technical University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
    • G01M5/0066—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by exciting or detecting vibration or acceleration
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
    • G01M5/0075—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by means of external apparatus, e.g. test benches or portable test systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M7/00—Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures

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Abstract

The invention provides a method for measuring dynamic stiffness and damping of a resin-mineral composite material joint part, and relates to the technical field of mechanical manufacturing and dynamics. The device is characterized in that an upper test piece and a lower test piece which are pre-embedded with metal patches are placed in the center of a supporting shell, and the lower contact surfaces of the upper test piece and the lower test piece form a joint part; an internal thread through hole is formed in the center of the top of the supporting shell, and a compression bolt is matched with the internal thread through hole to compress a test piece of the joint part. The center of the hold-down bolt is provided with a through hole, one end of the exciting rod is provided with a piezoelectric force sensor, and the other end of the exciting rod is connected with the vibration exciter and presses the piezoelectric force sensor on the upper surface of the upper test piece through the bolt through hole. An eddy current displacement sensor is arranged under the embedded metal patches of the upper test piece and the lower test piece. The invention also provides a method for measuring the dynamic stiffness and damping of the joint by using the device. The measuring and measuring method can be used for measuring the joint part which forms the joint part and has high damping and smaller relative rigidity, the device has simple structure, and the measuring method is effective and feasible.

Description

Method for measuring dynamic stiffness and damping of joint part of resin-mineral composite material
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mechanical manufacturing and dynamics, in particular to a method for measuring dynamic stiffness and damping of a resin-mineral composite material joint part.
Background
The resin-mineral composite material is a novel resin-based mineral composite material composed of natural stone aggregate, filler, synthetic resin and other components, and has the advantages of high damping, good thermal stability, low density (relative to cast iron and steel), capability of being cast at normal temperature, low cost and the like. The basic part of the machine tool is manufactured by utilizing the high damping property and the thermal stability of the resin-mineral composite material, so that the vibration resistance and the thermal deformation resistance of the machine tool can be obviously improved, the machining precision of the machine tool is obviously improved, and the comprehensive performance of the machine tool is improved.
For a resin mineral composite material machine tool, the dynamic stiffness and damping of a resin mineral composite material joint part have important influence on the overall performance of the resin mineral composite material machine tool, but the existing method for measuring the joint part aims at the metal material joint part, the damping of the metal material is small and the stiffness is large, and the influence of the damping and the stiffness of elements forming the joint part can be ignored when the dynamic stiffness and the damping of the joint part are measured. The resin-mineral composite material is composed of a plurality of components, the resin-mineral composite material is different from metal in nature in component composition, the damping ratio of the resin-mineral composite material is about 8-10 times of that of cast iron, but the strength, the rigidity and the density of the resin-mineral composite material are much smaller than those of metal, so that the resin-mineral composite material is different from metal in nature in material performance, the influence of the damping and the rigidity of the resin-mineral composite material cannot be ignored when a joint of the resin-mineral composite material is measured, and namely the traditional measuring method for the dynamic rigidity and the damping of the metal joint is not suitable for measuring the related performance of the joint of the resin-. The method for measuring the dynamic stiffness and the damping of the joint part of the resin-mineral composite material is researched and developed, and the method has important significance in guiding the design and the manufacture of the resin-mineral composite material machine tool.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of the prior art, and provides a method for measuring the dynamic stiffness and the damping of a resin-mineral composite material joint part, so as to measure and calculate the dynamic stiffness and the damping of the resin-mineral composite material joint part.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a dynamic stiffness and damping measuring device for a resin-mineral composite material joint part comprises an excitation signal generating system, an excitation rod, a pre-tightening bolt, a supporting shell, an upper test piece, a lower test piece, a piezoelectric force sensor, two metal patches and two vibration displacement measuring devices;
the upper test piece and the lower test piece are both made of resin mineral composite materials and have the same quality, and meanwhile, the two test pieces are positioned in the middle of the bottom in the supporting shell and are placed up and down; an internal thread through hole is formed in the center of the top of the supporting shell; the pre-tightening bolt is matched with the internal thread through hole in the center of the top of the supporting shell to apply pre-tightening force to the upper test piece, and a smooth through hole is formed in the center of the pre-tightening bolt; one end of the excitation rod is connected with an excitation signal generating system, the other end of the excitation rod is provided with a piezoelectric force sensor and penetrates through a through hole in the pre-tightening bolt to be pressed on the upper surface of the upper test piece, an excitation load is applied to the upper test piece, and the piezoelectric force sensor records the magnitude of the excitation force applied to the upper test piece and the change condition of the excitation force along with time; two metal patches are symmetrically embedded in the height centers of the upper test piece and the lower test piece, and two vibration displacement measuring devices are respectively fixed in the supporting shell corresponding to the two metal patches and used for measuring the vibration displacement of the two metal patches and recording vibration displacement data; the excitation signal generating system comprises a PC, a power amplifier and a vibration exciter, wherein a unit sinusoidal signal generated by the PC is amplified by the power amplifier and then is input to the vibration exciter to vibrate the unit sinusoidal signal, so that the excitation signal generating system is formed.
The mass of the two pre-buried metal patches is not more than 1% of the mass of the resin mineral composite material test piece.
The two vibration displacement measuring devices both adopt non-contact eddy current displacement sensors, and the eddy current displacement sensors are fixed in the supporting shell in a threaded connection mode.
A dynamic stiffness and damping measurement method for a resin-mineral composite material joint part comprises the following steps:
step 1, assembling a measuring device;
placing the support shell on a horizontal plane, placing an upper test piece and a lower test piece of a resin mineral composite material with metal patches which are prepared in advance on the center of the inner bottom surface of the support shell, and rotating a pre-tightening bolt by using a torque wrench to apply pre-tightening pressure to a joint part;
mounting a vibration displacement measuring device on each of two sides in the support shell, enabling the vibration displacement measuring devices to be respectively positioned right below the two metal patches and measuring the vibration displacement of the upper test piece and the lower test piece; connecting a piezoelectric force sensor to one end of an excitation rod through threaded connection, connecting the other end of the excitation rod to a vibration exciter, hanging the vibration exciter provided with the piezoelectric force sensor and the excitation rod above an upper test piece by adopting an elastic rope, penetrating through a center hole of a pre-tightening bolt to press the piezoelectric force sensor on the upper surface of the upper test piece, and adjusting the height of the vibration exciter to enable the piezoelectric force sensor to tightly press the upper test piece;
2, sequentially connecting a PC (personal computer), a power amplifier and a vibration exciter by using a network cable, and inputting unit sinusoidal signals generated by the PC into the vibration exciter to vibrate after the unit sinusoidal signals are amplified by the power amplifier so as to form a vibration exciting signal generating system; controlling the excitation frequency and the excitation force amplitude of the vibration exciter through the PC and the power amplifier;
step 3, inputting a measuring signal of the vibration displacement measuring device and a measuring signal of the piezoelectric type force sensor into a PC (personal computer) through a network cable by an acquisition card connected with the PC, and recording vibration displacement and excitation force data of the upper test piece and the lower test piece;
step 4, calculating by the PC through a built-in program to obtain the rigidity and the damping of the joint part of the upper test piece and the lower test piece of the resin-mineral composite material;
the PC built-in program executes the following functions:
(1) obtaining an equivalent calculation model for measuring the dynamic stiffness and the damping of the resin-mineral composite material joint part according to the dynamic stiffness and the damping measuring device of the resin-mineral composite material joint part, and further establishing a vibration equation of the joint part of the upper test piece and the lower test piece, wherein the equation is shown as the following formula:
Figure GDA0002664056550000021
wherein m is1The mass of the upper test piece and the mass of the lower test piece are obtained by using a balance; c. C1Damping the upper test piece and the lower test piece per se; c. CcDamping of the junction of the upper and lower test pieces, k1The self-rigidity of the upper test piece and the lower test piece is set; k is a radical ofcThe dynamic stiffness of the joint part of the upper test piece and the lower test piece is obtained; omega is the excitation frequency of the vibration exciter and is controlled by a PC; f1The amplitude of the exciting force is measured by a piezoelectric force sensor; x is the number of1、x2Respectively the vibration displacement of the upper test piece and the lower test piece;
Figure GDA0002664056550000031
the speeds of the upper test piece and the lower test piece during vibration are respectively;
Figure GDA0002664056550000032
acceleration when the upper test piece and the lower test piece vibrate is respectively taken as the time t;
(2) solving a vibration equation of the joint part of the upper test piece and the lower test piece to obtain the damping and the dynamic stiffness of the joint part of the upper test piece and the lower test piece;
let the steady state solution of equation (1) be:
Figure GDA0002664056550000033
respectively for x in formula (2)1And x2The first and second derivatives are calculated to obtain:
Figure GDA0002664056550000034
Figure GDA0002664056550000035
substituting equations (2) to (4) into equation (1) to eliminate eiωtObtaining the amplitude B of the upper test piece and the lower test piece of the resin-mineral composite material1And B2Respectively as follows:
Figure GDA0002664056550000036
the vibration phase angle of the upper test piece and the lower test piece of the resin-mineral composite material is psi1And psi2Respectively as follows:
Figure GDA0002664056550000037
in the formulae (5) and (6),
Figure GDA0002664056550000038
f＝k1；g＝c1ω；d＝c1ω；h＝k1-m1ω2；
Figure GDA0002664056550000039
B1and B2The amplitudes of the upper test piece and the lower test piece during vibration are respectively measured by a vibration displacement measuring device; psi1And psi2Respectively calculating the phase angles of the upper test piece and the lower test piece when the upper test piece and the lower test piece vibrate according to vibration curves recorded by a vibration displacement measuring device;
b in formulae (5) and (6)1、B2、ψ1、ψ2、m1、ω、F1Are known, and the unknowns in formula (5) and formula (6) are c1、cc、k1、kcAnd 4 equations are shared by the formula (5) and the formula (6), so that the rigidity and the damping k of the test piece can be obtained by combining the formula (5) and the formula (6) and solving the two equations1、c1Joint stiffness and damping kc、cc。
Adopt the produced beneficial effect of above-mentioned technical scheme to lie in: the invention provides a method for measuring dynamic stiffness and damping of a resin-mineral composite material joint part, which belongs to a direct measurement method, wherein the dynamic stiffness and damping of the joint part are obtained by directly measuring vibration displacement and exciting force load of an upper test piece and a lower test piece of the resin-mineral composite material joint part, so that experimental errors are reduced, and the measurement precision is improved; meanwhile, the dynamic stiffness and the damping of the resin-mineral composite material test piece can be measured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a dynamic stiffness and damping measurement device for a resin-mineral composite material joint according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of an equivalent calculation model for measuring dynamic stiffness and damping of a resin-mineral composite material joint portion according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure, 1, a vibration exciter; 2. an excitation rod; 3. pre-tightening the bolts; 4. a support housing; 5. loading a test piece; 6. a first metal patch; 7. a first vibration displacement measuring device; 8. a lower test piece; 9. a second vibration displacement measuring device; 10. a second metal patch; 11. a piezoelectric force sensor; A. the joint of the upper test piece and the lower test piece.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
A dynamic stiffness and damping measuring device for a resin-mineral composite material joint part is shown in figure 1 and comprises an excitation signal generating system, an excitation rod 2, a pre-tightening bolt 3, a supporting shell 4, an upper test piece 5, a lower test piece 8, a piezoelectric force sensor 11, two metal patches 6 and 10 and two vibration displacement measuring devices;
the upper test piece 5 and the lower test piece 8 are both made of resin-mineral composite materials and have the same quality, and meanwhile, the two test pieces 5 and 8 are positioned in the middle of the bottom in the supporting shell 4 and are arranged up and down; an internal thread through hole is formed in the center of the top of the supporting shell 4; the pre-tightening bolt 3 is matched with an internal thread through hole in the center of the top of the supporting shell 4 to apply pre-tightening force to the upper test piece 5, and a smooth through hole is formed in the center of the pre-tightening bolt 3; one end of the excitation rod 2 is connected with an excitation signal generating system, the other end of the excitation rod is provided with a piezoelectric force sensor 11, the piezoelectric force sensor passes through a through hole in the pre-tightening bolt 3 and is pressed on the upper surface of the upper test piece 5, an excitation load is applied to the upper test piece 5, and the piezoelectric force sensor 11 records the size of the excitation force applied to the upper test piece 5 and the change condition of the excitation force along with time; two metal patches 6 and 10 are symmetrically embedded in the height centers of an upper test piece 5 and a lower test piece 8, and two vibration displacement measuring devices 7 and 9 are respectively fixed in the supporting shell corresponding to the two metal patches 6 and 10 and used for measuring the vibration displacement of the two metal patches 6 and 10 and recording vibration displacement data; the excitation signal generating system comprises a PC (personal computer), a power amplifier and a vibration exciter 1, wherein a unit sinusoidal signal generated by the PC is amplified by the power amplifier and then is input to the vibration exciter 1 to vibrate, and then the excitation signal generating system is formed.
The mass of the two pre-buried metal patches 6 and 10 is not more than 1% of the mass of the resin mineral composite material test piece.
The two vibration displacement measuring devices 7 and 9 both adopt non-contact eddy current displacement sensors, and the eddy current displacement sensors are fixed in the supporting shell in a threaded connection mode.
A dynamic stiffness and damping measurement method for a resin-mineral composite material joint part comprises the following steps:
step 1, assembling a measuring device;
placing the supporting shell 4 on a horizontal plane, placing a pre-prepared resin mineral composite material upper test piece 5 and a pre-prepared resin mineral composite material lower test piece 8 with metal patches on the center of the inner bottom surface of the supporting shell 4, and rotating the pre-tightening bolt 3 by using a torque wrench to apply pre-tightening pressure to a joint part;
different pre-tightening pressures can be obtained by applying different pre-tightening force distances, the pre-tightening pressures can be obtained by conversion according to the torque of the torque wrench, and the conversion formula is as follows:
Figure GDA0002664056550000051
wherein P is the pre-tightening pressure, T is the torque reading of the torque wrench, A is the nominal area of the joint,
Figure GDA0002664056550000052
is the lead angle, theta is the equivalent friction angle, d2Is the pitch diameter of the thread.
Mounting vibration displacement measuring devices 7 and 9 on two sides in the supporting shell 4 respectively to enable the vibration displacement measuring devices to be located right below the two metal patches 6 and 10 respectively, and measuring vibration displacement of the upper test piece 5 and the lower test piece 8 made of the resin-mineral composite material; connecting a piezoelectric force sensor 11 to one end of an excitation rod 2 through threaded connection, connecting the other end of the excitation rod 2 to a vibration exciter 1, hanging the vibration exciter 1 provided with the piezoelectric force sensor 11 and the excitation rod 2 over an upper test piece 5 by adopting an elastic rope, pressing the piezoelectric force sensor 11 on the upper surface of the upper test piece 5 through a central hole of a pre-tightening bolt 3, and adjusting the height of the vibration exciter 1 to enable the piezoelectric force sensor 11 to tightly press the upper test piece 5;
2, sequentially connecting a PC (personal computer), a power amplifier and a vibration exciter 1 by using a network cable, and inputting unit sinusoidal signals generated by the PC into the vibration exciter 1 to vibrate after the unit sinusoidal signals are amplified by the power amplifier so as to form a vibration exciting signal generating system; controlling the excitation frequency and the excitation force amplitude of the vibration exciter 1 through a PC (personal computer) and a power amplifier;
step 3, inputting the measuring signals of the vibration displacement measuring devices 7 and 9 and the measuring signals of the piezoelectric type force sensor 11 into a PC (personal computer) through a network cable by an acquisition card connected with the PC, and recording the vibration displacement and excitation force data of the upper test piece and the lower test piece;
step 4, calculating by the PC through a built-in program to obtain the rigidity and the damping of the joint part of the upper test piece 5 and the lower test piece 8 of the resin-mineral composite material;
the PC built-in program executes the following functions:
(1) according to the device for measuring the dynamic stiffness and the damping of the resin-mineral composite material joint part, an equivalent calculation model for measuring the dynamic stiffness and the damping of the resin-mineral composite material joint part shown in fig. 2 is obtained, and then a vibration equation of the joint part of the upper test piece and the lower test piece is established, wherein the following formula is shown:
Figure GDA0002664056550000061
wherein m is1The mass of the upper test piece 5 and the mass of the lower test piece 8 are obtained by weighing with a balance; c. C1Damping the upper test piece 5 and the lower test piece 8 per se; c. CcDamping of the junction of the upper and lower test pieces 5 and 8, k1The self-rigidity of the upper test piece 5 and the lower test piece 8 is provided; k is a radical ofcThe dynamic stiffness of the joint part of the upper test piece 5 and the lower test piece 8 is shown; omega is the excitation frequency of the vibration exciter 1 and is controlled by a PC; f1The amplitude of the exciting force is measured by the piezoelectric force sensor 11; x is the number of1、x2The vibration displacement of the upper test piece 5 and the lower test piece 8 respectively;
Figure GDA0002664056550000062
the speeds at which the upper test piece 5 and the lower test piece 8 vibrate are respectively;
Figure GDA0002664056550000063
acceleration when the upper test piece 5 and the lower test piece 8 vibrate respectively;
(2) solving a vibration equation of a joint part of the upper test piece 5 and the lower test piece 8 to obtain damping and dynamic stiffness of the joint part of the upper test piece 5 and the lower test piece 8;
let the steady state solution of equation (1) be:
Figure GDA0002664056550000064
respectively for x in formula (2)1And x2The first and second derivatives are calculated to obtain:
Figure GDA0002664056550000065
Figure GDA0002664056550000066
substituting equations (2) to (4) into equation (1) to eliminate eiωtObtaining the amplitude B of the upper test piece 5 and the lower test piece 8 of the resin-mineral composite material1And B2Respectively is as follows:
Figure GDA0002664056550000067
the vibration phase angle of the upper test piece 5 and the lower test piece 8 of the resin-mineral composite material is psi1And psi2Respectively as follows:
Figure GDA0002664056550000071
in the formulae (5) and (6),
Figure GDA0002664056550000072
f＝k1；g＝c1ω；d＝c1ω；h＝k1-m1ω2；
Figure GDA0002664056550000073
B1and B2The amplitudes of the upper test piece 5 and the lower test piece 8 during vibration are respectively measured by a vibration displacement measuring device; psi1And psi2The phase angles of the upper and lower test pieces 5 and 8, respectively, when vibrating, by vibratingSolving a vibration curve recorded by the dynamic displacement measuring device;
b in formulae (5) and (6)1、B2、ψ1、ψ2、m1、ω、F1Are known, and the unknowns in formula (5) and formula (6) are c1、cc、k1、kcAnd 4 equations are shared by the formula (5) and the formula (6), so that the rigidity and the damping k of the test piece can be obtained by combining the formula (5) and the formula (6) and solving the two equations1、c1Joint stiffness and damping kc、cc。
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the corresponding technical solutions and scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (3)

1. A dynamic stiffness and damping measurement method for a resin-mineral composite material joint part is characterized in that a dynamic stiffness and damping measurement device for the resin-mineral composite material joint part is adopted for measurement, and the device comprises an excitation signal generation system, an excitation rod, a pre-tightening bolt, a support shell, an upper test piece, a lower test piece, a piezoelectric force sensor, two metal patches and two vibration displacement measurement devices;
the upper test piece and the lower test piece are both made of resin mineral composite materials and have the same quality, and meanwhile, the two test pieces are positioned in the middle of the bottom in the supporting shell and are placed up and down; an internal thread through hole is formed in the center of the top of the supporting shell; the pre-tightening bolt is matched with the internal thread through hole in the center of the top of the supporting shell to apply pre-tightening force to the upper test piece, and a smooth through hole is formed in the center of the pre-tightening bolt; one end of the excitation rod is connected with an excitation signal generating system, the other end of the excitation rod is provided with a piezoelectric force sensor and penetrates through a through hole in the pre-tightening bolt to be pressed on the upper surface of the upper test piece, an excitation load is applied to the upper test piece, and the piezoelectric force sensor records the magnitude of the excitation force applied to the upper test piece and the change condition of the excitation force along with time; two metal patches are symmetrically embedded in the height centers of the upper test piece and the lower test piece, and two vibration displacement measuring devices are respectively fixed in the supporting shell corresponding to the two metal patches and used for measuring the vibration displacement of the two metal patches and recording vibration displacement data; the excitation signal generating system comprises a PC (personal computer), a power amplifier and a vibration exciter, wherein a unit sinusoidal signal generated by the PC is amplified by the power amplifier and then is input to the vibration exciter to vibrate the unit sinusoidal signal, so that the excitation signal generating system is formed;
the method is characterized in that: the measuring method comprises the following steps:
step 1, assembling a measuring device;
2, sequentially connecting a PC (personal computer), a power amplifier and a vibration exciter by using a network cable, and inputting unit sinusoidal signals generated by the PC into the vibration exciter to vibrate after the unit sinusoidal signals are amplified by the power amplifier so as to form a vibration exciting signal generating system; controlling the excitation frequency and the excitation force amplitude of the vibration exciter through the PC and the power amplifier;
step 3, inputting a measuring signal of the vibration displacement measuring device and a measuring signal of the piezoelectric type force sensor into a PC (personal computer) through a network cable by an acquisition card connected with the PC, and recording vibration displacement and excitation force data of the upper test piece and the lower test piece;
step 4, calculating by the PC through a built-in program to obtain the rigidity and the damping of the joint part of the upper test piece and the lower test piece of the resin-mineral composite material;
the PC built-in program executes the following functions:
(1) obtaining an equivalent calculation model for measuring the dynamic stiffness and the damping of the resin-mineral composite material joint part according to the dynamic stiffness and the damping measuring device of the resin-mineral composite material joint part, and further establishing a vibration equation of the joint part of the upper test piece and the lower test piece;
(2) solving a vibration equation of the joint part of the upper test piece and the lower test piece to obtain the damping and the dynamic stiffness of the joint part of the upper test piece and the lower test piece;
the established vibration equation of the joint of the upper test piece and the lower test piece is shown as the following formula:
Figure FDA0002664056540000011
wherein m is1The mass of the upper test piece and the mass of the lower test piece are obtained by using a balance; c. C1Damping the upper test piece and the lower test piece per se; c. CcDamping of the junction of the upper and lower test pieces, k1The self-rigidity of the upper test piece and the lower test piece is set; k is a radical ofcThe dynamic stiffness of the joint part of the upper test piece and the lower test piece is obtained; omega is the excitation frequency of the vibration exciter and is controlled by a PC; f1The amplitude of the exciting force is measured by a piezoelectric force sensor; x is the number of1、x2Respectively the vibration displacement of the upper test piece and the lower test piece;
Figure FDA0002664056540000021
the speeds of the upper test piece and the lower test piece during vibration are respectively;
Figure FDA0002664056540000022
the acceleration of the upper test piece and the acceleration of the lower test piece during vibration are respectively, and t is time.
2. The method for measuring the dynamic stiffness and the damping of the resin-mineral composite material joint part according to claim 1, wherein the specific method in the step 1 is as follows:
placing the support shell on a horizontal plane, placing an upper test piece and a lower test piece of a resin mineral composite material with metal patches which are prepared in advance on the center of the inner bottom surface of the support shell, and rotating a pre-tightening bolt by using a torque wrench to apply pre-tightening pressure to a joint part;
mounting a vibration displacement measuring device on each of two sides in the support shell, enabling the vibration displacement measuring devices to be respectively positioned right below the two metal patches and measuring the vibration displacement of the upper test piece and the lower test piece; the piezoelectric force sensor is connected to one end of the exciting rod through threaded connection, the other end of the exciting rod is connected to the vibration exciter, the vibration exciter provided with the piezoelectric force sensor and the exciting rod is suspended over the upper test piece through an elastic rope, the vibration exciter penetrates through a center hole of the pre-tightening bolt to press the piezoelectric force sensor on the upper surface of the upper test piece, and the height of the vibration exciter is adjusted to enable the piezoelectric force sensor to tightly press the upper test piece.
3. The method for measuring the dynamic stiffness and the damping of the joint of the resin-mineral composite material as claimed in claim 2, wherein the specific method for solving the vibration equation of the joint of the upper test piece and the lower test piece to obtain the damping and the dynamic stiffness of the joint of the upper test piece and the lower test piece is as follows:
let the steady state solution of equation (1) be:
Figure FDA0002664056540000023
respectively for x in formula (2)1And x2The first and second derivatives are calculated to obtain:
Figure FDA0002664056540000024
Figure FDA0002664056540000025
substituting equations (2) to (4) into equation (1) to eliminate eiωtObtaining the amplitude B of the upper test piece and the lower test piece of the resin-mineral composite material1And B2Respectively as follows:
Figure FDA0002664056540000031
the vibration phase angle of the upper test piece and the lower test piece of the resin-mineral composite material is psi1And psi2Respectively as follows:
Figure FDA0002664056540000032
in the formulae (5) and (6),
Figure FDA0002664056540000033
f＝k1；g＝c1ω；d＝c1ω；h＝k1-m1ω2；
Figure FDA0002664056540000034
B1and B2The amplitudes of the upper test piece and the lower test piece during vibration are respectively measured by a vibration displacement measuring device; psi1And psi2Respectively calculating the phase angles of the upper test piece and the lower test piece when the upper test piece and the lower test piece vibrate according to vibration curves recorded by a vibration displacement measuring device;
b in formulae (5) and (6)1、B2、ψ1、ψ2、m1、ω、F1Are known, and the unknowns in formula (5) and formula (6) are c1、cc、k1、kcAnd 4 equations are shared by the formula (5) and the formula (6), so that the rigidity and the damping k of the test piece can be obtained by combining the formula (5) and the formula (6) and solving the two equations1、c1Joint stiffness and damping kc、cc。
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