CN110030095B - 混合动力电动车辆的发动机控制方法及系统 - Google Patents

混合动力电动车辆的发动机控制方法及系统 Download PDF

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CN110030095B
CN110030095B CN201811482853.8A CN201811482853A CN110030095B CN 110030095 B CN110030095 B CN 110030095B CN 201811482853 A CN201811482853 A CN 201811482853A CN 110030095 B CN110030095 B CN 110030095B
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engine
electric vehicle
hybrid electric
controller
maximize
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CN110030095A (zh
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安玹模
李旼圭
元斗溢
许允灿
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Hyundai Motor Co
Kia Corp
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Hyundai Motor Co
Kia Motors Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/02—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of driveline clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B60W20/13—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand in order to stay within battery power input or output limits; in order to prevent overcharging or battery depletion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
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    • B60W30/18009—Propelling the vehicle related to particular drive situations
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D13/00—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing
    • F02D13/02—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D13/00—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing
    • F02D13/02—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation
    • F02D13/0203—Variable control of intake and exhaust valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F02D13/02—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation
    • F02D13/0261—Controlling the valve overlap
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    • F02D13/02—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation
    • F02D13/04—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation using engine as brake
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D29/00—Controlling engines, such controlling being peculiar to the devices driven thereby, the devices being other than parts or accessories essential to engine operation, e.g. controlling of engines by signals external thereto
    • F02D29/02—Controlling engines, such controlling being peculiar to the devices driven thereby, the devices being other than parts or accessories essential to engine operation, e.g. controlling of engines by signals external thereto peculiar to engines driving vehicles; peculiar to engines driving variable pitch propellers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F02D41/0005—Controlling intake air during deceleration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/04—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions
    • F02D41/12—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for deceleration
    • F02D41/123—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for deceleration the fuel injection being cut-off
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2510/00—Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2510/06—Combustion engines, Gas turbines
    • B60W2510/0604—Throttle position
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2710/06—Combustion engines, Gas turbines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2710/06—Combustion engines, Gas turbines
    • B60W2710/0616—Position of fuel or air injector
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2710/06—Combustion engines, Gas turbines
    • B60W2710/0616—Position of fuel or air injector
    • B60W2710/0627—Fuel flow rate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
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    • B60W30/18109—Braking
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0002—Controlling intake air
    • F02D2041/001—Controlling intake air for engines with variable valve actuation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
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    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/04—Starting of engines by means of electric motors the motors being associated with current generators
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
  • Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)

Abstract

本申请提供了一种混合动力电动车辆的发动机控制方法及系统。所述方法包括：检测混合动力电动车辆的主电池的充电状态，并且当主电池处于完全充电状态或充电限制状态时，检测制动器是否需要操作。当对发动机制动的需求产生时执行混合动力电动车辆的发动机燃料切断并且将发动机操作为使混合动力电动车辆的发动机负载最大化。

Description

混合动力电动车辆的发动机控制方法及系统
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2017年12月28日提交的韩国专利申请10-2017-0182736的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用的方式并入本文。
技术领域
本申请涉及一种发动机控制方法及系统，更具体地，涉及一种防止主电池过度充电的混合动力电动车辆发动机控制方法。
背景技术
混合动力车辆通常指由两种或更多种不同类型的动力源的有效组合驱动的车辆。然而，在许多情况下，混合动力车辆是指从使用燃料驱动的发动机和/或从使用电池电力驱动的电机获得驱动力的车辆，其称之为混合动力电动车辆。混合动力电动车辆的示例包括混合动力电动车辆(hybrid electric vehicle，HEV)以及插电式混合动力电动车辆(plug-in hybrid electric vehicle，PHEV)。当主电池处于完全充电状态或充电限制状态时，HEV或PHEV强调防止主电池过度充电，通过不再对电池充电以保护电池并且使用混合型起动机发电机(hybrid start generator，HSG)持续地驱动发动机以使主电池最大程度地放电。
然而，当电池完全充电时，即使轻微充电也可能因主电池过度充电而导致安全问题。此外，当主电池处于完全充电状态或充电限制状态时，使用电机的再生制动以确保制动力的混合动力车辆也可能无法使用再生制动，并且可能需要使用发动机制动来确保制动力。因此，车辆需要确保发动机制动的更多制动力。换句话说，当电机的再生制动不能用时，响应于驾驶员对制动力的需求，发动机制动的制动力(而不是电机的再生制动)需要与液压制动力相结合以产生总制动力。
本部分中提到的内容仅提供用于帮助理解本申请，并且其可以包括本领域技术人员已经知道的并且不是现有技术的内容。
发明内容
本申请的示例性实施方案提供一种混合动力电动车辆的发动机控制方法及系统，其保护主电池免于过度充电并确保发动机制动的制动力。本申请的其它目的和优点可以通过如下描述而理解，并且参考本申请的示例性实施方案而变得清楚。同样地，本申请所属领域的技术人员显而易见的是，本申请的目的和优点可以通过要求保护的方法或其组合而实现。
根据本申请的示例性实施方案，一种混合动力电动车辆的发动机控制方法可以包括：检测混合动力电动车辆的主电池的充电状态；作为主电池的充电状态的检测结果，当主电池处于完全充电状态或充电限制状态时，检测制动器是否需要操作；当检测制动器是否需要操作而对与发动机制动的需求产生时，执行混合动力电动车辆的发动机燃料切断；将发动机操作为使混合动力电动车辆的发动机负载最大化。
在执行混合动力电动车辆的发动机燃料切断后，当混合动力电动车辆是其中发动机离合器在发动机与驱动电机之间的混合动力电动车辆时，所述方法可以包括通过检测发动机离合器是否接合来接合发动机离合器。在将发动机操作为使发动机负载最大化中，可以将节气门调节为处于最小打开位置。在将发动机操作为使发动机负载最大化中，可以将凸轮调节为处于最大延迟以使气门重叠区间最小化。
根据本申请的另一个示例性实施方案，一种混合动力电动车辆的发动机控制方法可以包括：当混合动力电动车辆的再生制动不能用时，检测制动器是否需要操作；当对于发动机制动的需求产生时，执行混合动力电动车辆的发动机燃料切断；将发动机操作为使混合动力电动车辆的发动机负载最大化。
在执行了混合动力电动车辆的发动机燃料切断后，当混合动力电动车辆是其中发动机离合器在发动机与驱动电机之间的混合动力电动车辆时，所述方法可以包括通过检测发动机离合器是否接合来接合所述发动机离合器。在将发动机操作为使发动机负载最大化中，可以将节气门调节为处于最小打开位置。此外，在将发动机操作为使发动机负载最大化中，可以将凸轮调节为处于最大延迟以使气门重叠区间最小化。
附图说明
通过随后结合附图所呈现的具体描述将更为清楚地理解本申请的以上和其它目的、特征以及优点。
图1至图3为示出根据本申请的示例性实施方案的发动机控制方法的概念的示意图。
图4为示出根据本申请的示例性实施方案的混合动力电动车辆的发动机控制方法的示意图。
图5为示出根据本申请的另一个示例性实施方案的混合动力电动车辆的发动机控制方法的示意图。
图6为示出根据本申请的示例性实施方案的发动机制动的制动力变化的示意图。
具体实施方式
应当理解，本文中所使用的术语“车辆”或“车辆的”或其它类似术语一般包括机动车辆，例如包括运动型多用途车辆(SUV)、大客车、卡车、各种商用车辆的乘用汽车，包括各种舟艇、船舶的船只，航空器等等，并且包括混合动力车辆、电动车辆、插电式混合动力电动车辆、氢动力车辆以及其它替代性燃料车辆(例如源于非石油的能源的燃料)。正如本文所提到的，混合动力车辆是具有两种或更多动力源的车辆，例如汽油动力和电力动力两者的车辆。
虽然示例性的实施方案描述为使用多个单元以执行示例性的过程，但是应当理解，示例性的过程也可以由一个或多个模块执行。此外，应当理解的是术语控制器/控制单元指代的是包含有存储器和处理器的硬件设备。该存储器被配置成储存模块，并且处理器具体配置成执行所述模块以执行以下进一步描述的一个或多个过程。
此外，本申请的控制逻辑可以实施为计算机可读介质上的非瞬态计算机可读介质，其包含由处理器、控制器/控制单元等执行的可执行程序指令。计算机可读介质的示例包括但不限于ROM、RAM、光碟(CD)-ROM、磁带、软盘、闪盘驱动器、智能卡和光学数据储存设备。计算机可读记录介质还可以分布在网络连接的计算机系统上，使得计算机可读介质例如通过远程信息处理服务器或控制器区域网络(CAN)以分布方式存储和执行。
本文所用的术语仅为了描述特定实施例的目的，并不旨在限制本申请。正如本文所使用的，单数形式“一”、“一个”和“该”旨在也包括复数形式，除非上下文另有清楚的说明。还将理解当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时，指明存在所述特征、数值、步骤、操作、元件和/或组件，但是不排除存在或加入一种或多种其他的特征、数值、步骤、操作、元件、组件和/或其群体。正如本文所述的，术语“和/或”包括一种或多种相关列举项目的任何和所有组合。
除非特别声明或者从上下文显而易见的，本文所使用的术语“约”被理解为在本领域的正常公差范围内，例如在平均2个标准差内。“约”可被理解为在指定值的10％、9％、8％、7％、6％、5％、4％、3％、2％、1％、0.5％、0.1％、0.05％或0.01％之内。除非上下文另有清楚的说明，否则本文提供的所有数值通过术语“约”来修改。
为了充分理解本申请、本申请的操作优点以及通过本申请的示例性实施方案实现的目的，应当参考示出本申请的示例性实施方案的附图和附图中描述的内容。
图1至图3为示出本申请的发动机控制方法的概念的示意图，图4为示出根据本申请的示例性实施方案的混合动力电动车辆的发动机控制方法的示意图。在下文中，将参考附图描述根据本申请的示例性实施方案的混合动力电动车辆的发动机控制方法。
本申请的发动机控制方法可以通过操作混合动力电动车辆(hybrid electricvehicle，HEV)或插电式混合动力电动车辆(plug-in hybrid electric vehicle，PHEV)的发动机来防止电池过度充电；并且当电池完全充电时可以确保发动机制动的制动力最大化。本申请通过改变节气门和凸轮以使发动机的负载最大化而不使用现有发动机控制的最佳点，从而将发动机操作为具有低效率来解决上述问题，使得电池最大程度地放电。
换句话说，如图1和图2中所示，当活塞在上死点与下死点之间变化时，凸轮通常变化为略微打开气门以使活塞阻力最小化，从而确保发动机效率为恒定最大。然而，本申请通过在特定条件下调节节气门和凸轮来将发动机操作为具有最低的发动机效率。换句话说，如图3所示，作为节气门位置传感器(throttle valve position sensor，TPS)的检测结果，可以将节气门操作为最大程度地关闭并且可以将凸轮调节为处于最大程度地延迟，使得气门重叠最小化，这导致最大的阻力、最小的效率以及增大的发动机阻力。
此外，存在这样的情况：对于车辆的每个发动机设计规格，将节气门的最小打开值设定为约1或者特定角度。使发动机负载最大化的节气门角度可以设置为发动机的初始设置的最小TPS打开值。本申请可以通过将发动机负载调节为最大来防止电池过度充电，并且当不可能再生制动时，可以通过发动机制动进一步确保发动机制动的制动力。
在图4中顺序地示出了这些过程，在将车辆发动机操作为处于最佳点的状态下(S11)，可以感测电池的充电状态(state of charge，SOC)并且响应于此，确定电池是否可以确定为处于完全充电状态或充电限制状态(S21)。具体地，下面描述的方法可以由具有处理器和存储器的控制器执行。
当电池完全充电时，使用混合型起动机发电机(hybrid start generator，HSG)持续地驱动的发动机以使电池最大程度地放电。当电池基于S21的确定结果而处于完全充电状态或充电限制状态时，过度充电的电池可能导致问题或损坏。本申请可以通过将发动机操作为使发动机负载最大化(S51)，并使用HSG促使最大SOC放电，从而预先防止电池过度充电。
在S21的确定之后，根据是否需要操作发动机制动的判断(S30)，当发动机制动操作需要时，可以将发动机负载调节为最大(S51)。换句话说，由于再生制动因电池处于完全充电状态或充电限制状态而不能用，因此可以要求确保发动机制动的制动力。相应地，当需要操作发动机制动时(S31)，可以执行发动机燃料切断(S41)，并且可以将发动机负载调节为最大化(S51)，从而发动机制动可以生成更大的制动力。
此外，当车辆是安装有变速器的电动装置(transmission mounted electricdevice，TMED)系统(其中发动机离合器位于发动机与驱动电机之间)时，混合动力电动车辆的发动机控制方法可以根据图5中所示的另一个示例性实施方案执行。换句话说，当将车辆的发动机调节到最佳点的状态下(S21)的同时电池的SOC处于完全充电状态或电池充电限制状态时(S22)，如果存在对发动机制动的需求(S32)，可以执行发动机燃料切断(S42)。在执行了发动机燃料切断(S42)后，可以接合发动机离合器(S52)，并且可以使发动机负载最大化(S62)。
具体地，将发动机负载调节为最大化(S51和S62)导致发动机效率处于最低点(S40)，可以通过由如上所述的TPS调节节气门处于最小打开位置来增加发动机负载。此外，可以将凸轮调节为处于最大延迟从而使气门重叠最小化并且增加发动机负载。
图6为示出本申请的发动机制动的制动力变化的示意图。图6示出了作为TPS控制从大约9°到1°的结果的G值(例如，使用加速度传感器的加速度)的变化，通过该变化，示出本申请中的发动机制动的制动力以确保与传统的制动力相比有更大的制动力。根据发动机设计规格，所设置的TPS打开量可以不同。
当主电池既不处于完全充电状态也不处于充电限制状态时，可以通过电机的再生制动确保制动力。然而，由于主电池处于完全充电状态或充电限制状态时再生制动不能用，因此可以发送与燃料切断条件(也称之为PUC)相关的指令，其中停止燃料供应并且通过滑行驱动发动机。换句话说，控制器可以配置为接收燃料切断信号。此时，对于TMED混合动力系统，发动机制动力需要在接合电机与发动机之间的发动机离合器的同时通过发动机制动来确保。然而，由于将电动助力转向系统(electric power steering，EPS)、凸轮等等调节到发动机驱动的最佳点，因此通过发动机制动的制动力可能是困难的。
因此，当需要操作发动机制动时，通过在不使用最佳点而是使用最差点的情况下将发动机负载调节为最大化，用于驱动发动机所需的能量可以变得更大，因此，随着发动机驱动能量损失增加，通过发动机制动确保的制动力可以增加。另外，当电池完全充电并且需要放电时，可以使用HSG驱动发动机。具体地，由于此时的目的是最大放电，所以可以要求发动机负载最大化，并且建议发动机消耗最大能量。
根据本申请的示例性实施方案，当混合动力电动车辆的电池处于完全充电状态或充电限制状态时，混合动力电动车辆的发动机控制方法可以通过降低发动机效率和使电池放电来防止电池过度充电，从而预先防止由此产生的安全问题。此外，当需要操作发动机制动时，由于再生制动不能用，通过增加的制动力可以实现适当的制动感觉，在制动力不足的情况下通过增加发动机驱动能量损失可以促使制动力增加。
尽管已经参考附图描述了本申请，但是对于本领域技术人员来说显而易见的是，本申请不限于上述示例性实施方案，而是可以在不脱离本申请的精神和范围的情况下进行各种修改和改变。因此，这些修改和改变应被视为属于权利要求，并且本申请的范围将基于权利要求来解释。

Claims (6)

1.一种混合动力电动车辆的发动机控制方法，包括：
由控制器检测混合动力电动车辆的主电池的充电状态；
基于检测的主电池的充电状态，当主电池处于完全充电或充电限制状态时，由控制器检测制动器是否需要操作；
基于确定出制动器需要操作，当对于发动机制动的需求产生时，由控制器执行混合动力电动车辆的发动机燃料切断；以及
由控制器将发动机操作为使混合动力电动车辆的发动机负载最大化，
其中，在将发动机操作为使发动机负载最大化中，将节气门调节为处于最小打开位置，
其中，在将发动机操作为使发动机负载最大化中，将凸轮调节为处于最大延迟以使气门重叠区间最小化。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力电动车辆的发动机控制方法，进一步包括：
在执行混合动力电动车辆的发动机燃料切断后，当混合动力电动车辆是发动机与驱动电机之间具有发动机离合器的混合动力电动车辆时，由控制器接合所述发动机离合器。
3.一种混合动力电动车辆的发动机控制方法，包括：
当混合动力电动车辆的再生制动不能用时，由控制器检测制动器是否需要操作；
基于确定出制动器需要操作，当对于发动机制动的需求产生时，由控制器执行混合动力电动车辆的发动机燃料切断；以及
由控制器将发动机操作为使混合动力电动车辆的发动机负载最大化，
其中，在将发动机操作为使发动机负载最大化中，将节气门调节为处于最小打开位置，
其中，在将发动机操作为使发动机负载最大化中，将凸轮调节为处于最大延迟以使气门重叠区间最小化。
4.根据权利要求3所述的混合动力电动车辆的发动机控制方法，进一步包括：
在执行混合动力电动车辆的发动机燃料切断后，当混合动力电动车辆是发动机与驱动电机之间具有发动机离合器的混合动力电动车辆时，由控制器接合所述发动机离合器。
5.一种混合动力电动车辆的发动机控制系统，包括：
传感器，其配置为检测混合动力电动车辆的主电池的充电状态；
控制器，其配置为：
基于检测的主电池的充电状态，当主电池处于完全充电状态或充电限制状态时，检测制动器是否需要操作；
基于确定出制动器需要操作，当对于发动机制动的需求产生时，执行混合动力电动车辆的发动机燃料切断；
将发动机操作为使混合动力电动车辆的发动机负载最大化；
节气门，其配置为通过所述控制器调节为处于最小打开位置以将发动机操作为使发动机负载最大化；以及
凸轮，其配置为通过控制器调节为处于最大延迟以使气门重叠区间最小化，从而将发动机操作为使发动机负载最大化。
6.根据权利要求5所述的混合动力电动车辆的发动机控制系统，其中，所述控制器进一步配置为：
在执行混合动力电动车辆的发动机燃料切断后，当混合动力电动车辆是发动机与驱动电机之间具有发动机离合器的混合动力电动车辆时，接合所述发动机离合器。
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