CN110029677B - Permafrost slope sunshade refrigeration anchoring structure and construction method - Google Patents
Permafrost slope sunshade refrigeration anchoring structure and construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110029677B CN110029677B CN201910300310.8A CN201910300310A CN110029677B CN 110029677 B CN110029677 B CN 110029677B CN 201910300310 A CN201910300310 A CN 201910300310A CN 110029677 B CN110029677 B CN 110029677B
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- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title abstract description 13
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001932 seasonal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000036760 body temperature Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012943 hotmelt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B21/00—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
- F25B21/02—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects using Peltier effect; using Nernst-Ettinghausen effect
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
- H02S20/20—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object
- H02S20/22—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S30/00—Structural details of PV modules other than those related to light conversion
- H02S30/10—Frame structures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a permafrost side slope sun-shading refrigeration anchoring structure and a construction method thereof, wherein the structure comprises an anchoring system and a refrigeration system; the anchoring system comprises a frame, a hollow anchor pipe, an anchor and a base plate; the hollow anchor pipe is formed by connecting a thick pipe and a thin pipe, the front end of the anchor pipe is anchored on the frame by the anchorage device and the backing plate, and the rear end of the anchor pipe is anchored in the soil body by the slurry. The refrigerating system comprises a solar cell panel, a refrigerating sheet, a voltage controller, a temperature sensor, a temperature control switch and an unpowered ventilator; the solar panel is fixed on the frame, the refrigeration sheet is sleeved in the thick pipe, the cold surface is tightly attached to the pipe wall, and the unpowered ventilator is sleeved at the front end of the thick pipe; the temperature control switch controls the working and the disconnection of the refrigerating sheet, and when the temperature of the soil body is higher than the switching temperature of the switch, the switch closes the refrigerating sheet to absorb heat, so that the temperature of the surrounding soil body is reduced; the invention has simple structure and strong operability, has good cooling, anchoring and long-term service performance, and provides a new idea for solving the freezing and thawing instability and upper limit degradation of the side slope.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of anchoring engineering in permafrost regions, and particularly relates to a permafrost side slope sun-shading refrigeration anchoring structure and a construction method.
Background
The frozen soil is a special rock-soil body formed gradually by the ground gas energy exchange in a specific climate area, usually contains underground ice, has properties greatly changed along with the change of temperature and water in various phases, and has obvious dependence and thermal instability on the temperature. With the continuous enlargement of the engineering construction scale of the permafrost region for many years, a large number of new slopes appear. Under the combined action of human engineering construction and global warming, the original relative energy balance state in the frozen soil is destroyed, the temperature rise or melting of the frozen soil is aggravated, the upper limit of the frozen soil is continuously degraded and even gradually fades away, the strength of the frozen soil is reduced, the stability of the side slope is reduced, and further freeze-thaw collapse disasters of a large number of frozen soil side slopes are caused, road damage, bridge closure and the like are caused, and the normal operation of traffic engineering is seriously influenced. The threat of the side slope disaster to the normal operation of human beings and engineering in cold regions is more and more serious, and the prevention and control of the side slope thermal fusion instability are not slow enough.
According to engineering experiences of roads, pipelines and the like constructed in permafrost regions, the traditional passive engineering measures such as strengthening structural strength, improving thermal resistance and the like are simply relied on, disasters caused by changes of external conditions are difficult to resist, and long-term stability of engineering structures in the permafrost regions cannot be ensured. The engineering construction concept based on the principle of protecting frozen soil is provided, and the design of frozen soil engineering is thought to change from 'passive protection' to 'active cooling'. However, the traditional side slope retaining belongs to passive measures, cannot solve the problem of slumping caused by special seasonal frost heaving and thawing sinking of the frozen soil side slope and the problem of upper limit degradation of the frozen soil side slope caused by climate warming, and has the disadvantages of relatively far plateau frozen soil area, high difficulty in infrastructure operation and power supply, shortage of electric energy and difficulty in application of refrigeration technology. Therefore, from the concept of actively protecting frozen soil, a high-efficiency and practical frozen soil slope supporting structure is sought, and the problem of freeze thawing landslide is to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a frozen soil slope sun-shading refrigeration anchoring structure and a construction method, which have the functions of power generation, sun shading, active cooling, anchoring, environmental protection and energy conservation, and aims to solve the problems of hot-melt slumping, upper limit degradation and poor freezing and thawing resistance effect of the conventional anchoring technology caused by seasonal freezing and thawing of a frozen soil slope.
One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a sunshade refrigeration anchoring structure, comprising: an anchoring system and a refrigeration system;
the anchoring system comprises a frame, a hollow anchor pipe, an anchor and a base plate; the frame is composed of a cross beam and an upright post, the hollow anchor pipe penetrates through the cross position of the cross beam and the upright post, and the hollow anchor pipe is anchored on the frame by an anchorage device and a base plate.
The hollow anchor pipe is formed by connecting a thick pipe and a thin pipe; one end of the thick pipe is opened, the other end of the thick pipe is closed, the center of the thick pipe is provided with a hole, the opening end is provided with external threads, the pipe wall of the thin pipe is provided with a plurality of grout outlet holes and barbs, and the pipe orifice part at one end is sleeved with a sleeve valve; the closed end of the thick tube is coaxially connected with one end of the thin tube, which is sleeved with the sleeve valve.
The refrigeration system comprises a solar cell panel, a refrigeration piece, a voltage controller, a temperature sensor, a temperature control switch and an unpowered ventilator; the solar cell panel is fixed on a cross beam of the frame through an H-shaped bracket and a bolt.
The refrigerating sheet is formed by cascading couple pairs formed by connecting N-type semiconductors and P-type semiconductors through metal conductors, wherein one side of the refrigerating sheet is a cold surface, and the other side of the refrigerating sheet is a hot surface and is cylindrical or semi-cylindrical; the positive pole of the voltage controller is connected with the N-type semiconductor, and the negative pole of the voltage controller is connected with the P-type semiconductor; the refrigerating sheet is sleeved in the thick pipe, the cold surface of the refrigerating sheet is tightly attached to the pipe wall, and the unpowered ventilator is sleeved at the front end of the hollow anchor pipe.
The temperature control switch is respectively connected with the solar cell panel, the voltage controller, the refrigerating sheet and the temperature sensor through leads to form a closed loop, the work and the disconnection of the refrigerating sheet are controlled, and the working temperature is converted and set to be a certain value of-1-2 ℃.
The temperature sensor is arranged between any two hollow anchor pipes in the slope body, and the depth of the temperature sensor to the slope surface is 0.5-2.5 m.
Furthermore, in the sun-shading refrigeration anchoring structure, the thick pipe and the thin pipe are made of metal, and the inner part and the outer part of the thick pipe are coated with an anticorrosive layer; the diameter of the thick pipe is 100-150 mm, the diameter of the thin pipe is 40-60 mm, and the length of the thick pipe is suitable for the maximum thickness of the activity layer in the permafrost season determined according to engineering practice.
Furthermore, according to the sun-shading refrigeration anchoring structure, the H-shaped support is provided with four bolt holes, the height of each bolt hole is 10-30 cm, and the width of each bolt hole is equal to that of the cross beam.
Further, according to the sun-shading refrigeration anchoring structure, the length of the solar panel is equal to the distance between the two cross beams of the frame, and the width of the solar panel is smaller than the distance between the two vertical columns of the frame by 30-60 cm.
Furthermore, according to the sun-shading refrigeration anchoring structure, the unpowered ventilator is provided with a threading hole.
Further, according to the sun-shading refrigeration anchoring structure, the voltage controller and the temperature control switch are installed on the frame or the slope toe.
The invention also aims to provide a construction method of the permafrost side slope sunshade refrigeration anchoring structure, which adopts a reverse construction method and is constructed in sections, namely, construction in sections from top to bottom, and comprises the following steps:
(1) surveying the geological and climatic conditions of the side slope, exploring and designing, analyzing the position (namely a slip plane) of a seasonal active layer of the frozen soil side slope for many years, and determining the length, the inclination angle and the section size of the frame of each section of the hollow anchor pipe;
(2) prefabricating a hollow anchor pipe: selecting two metal pipes with different thicknesses, turning external threads at one end of each thick pipe, sealing the other end of each thick pipe by using a circular plate with a central opening, and coating an anticorrosive layer on the inner surface and the outer surface of each thick pipe; the slim tube is provided with a plurality of grout outlet holes, barbs and a sleeve valve at the tube opening; the closed end of the thick tube is coaxially connected with the sleeve valve end sleeved on the thin tube;
(3) paying off and positioning: firstly, paying off according to a design drawing, secondly, excavating a side slope downwards from the top of the side slope, and then positioning the positions of the hollow anchor pipe and the temperature sensor by using a measuring instrument;
(4) drilling: respectively drilling a hollow anchor pipe and a placement hole of a temperature sensor on the slope according to the designed depth and angle;
(5) constructing a hollow anchor pipe: inserting a hollow anchor pipe into a hole of a side slope, enabling a grouting pipe to penetrate into the hollow anchor pipe and be connected with a sleeve valve, performing pressure grouting to enable the grouting pipe to seep out of a grout outlet, bonding the grouting pipe with a surrounding stable frozen soil layer to form an anchoring section, and pulling out the grouting pipe;
(6) constructing a frame: and (3) erecting a formwork at the design positions of the first upright post and the first row of cross beams, binding the steel reinforcement frameworks of the cross beams and the upright posts in a groove formed by erecting the formwork, and pouring concrete to form a frame.
(7) And (3) carrying out prestress tensioning on the hollow anchor pipe when the concrete strength of the cross beam and the upright column reaches more than 85%, and fixing the hollow anchor pipe on the frame by using an anchorage device and a base plate.
(8) And (5) constructing the hollow anchor pipe, the cross beam and the upright post of the next working surface according to the steps (5), (6) and (7) to complete the tensioning and anchoring of the hollow anchor pipes of each layer.
(9) Installing a refrigerating sheet, an unpowered ventilator and a temperature sensor: a refrigeration sheet is sleeved in a thick tube of the hollow anchor tube, the cold surface of the thick tube is tightly attached to the tube wall, the conducting wires of the N-type semiconductor and the P-type semiconductor are transmitted out from holes in the unpowered ventilator, and the unpowered ventilator is sleeved at the front end of the hollow anchor tube; the temperature sensors are arranged in the corresponding holes, the holes are filled with soil, and the data lines are led out of the slope;
(10) constructing a solar cell panel: fixing the solar cell panels on the cross beam of the frame one by adopting an H-shaped bracket and a bolt;
(11) connection debugging: connecting the solar cell panel in series by using a wire and connecting the solar cell panel with a voltage controller, a temperature sensor and a temperature control switch, wherein the anode of the voltage controller is connected with the N-type semiconductor of the refrigerating sheet, and the cathode of the voltage controller is connected with the P-type semiconductor; and switching on the temperature control switch, observing the reading of the temperature sensor, if the reading is reduced after continuously working for a period of time, indicating that the temperature can be reduced, and if the reading is not changed, re-checking the connection condition of the lead.
(12) And setting the conversion working temperature of the temperature control switch, if the soil body temperature is higher than the set conversion working temperature, closing the refrigeration sheet by the temperature control switch to start cooling, and otherwise, disconnecting the temperature control switch.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention combines the photovoltaic power generation, semiconductor refrigeration, ventilation and anchoring technologies into a whole to form a permafrost side slope sun-shading refrigeration anchoring structure, solves the problems of freeze-thaw instability and upper limit degradation of a frozen soil side slope, and improves the prevention level of the side slope in a cold region. The main advantages are: (1) the photovoltaic panel arranged on the frame can generate electricity to provide energy for infrastructure operation in remote areas, can also shield the heat radiation effect of the sun on the side slope, and can also form an airflow movement channel, and cool air carries out heat convection to cool the slope surface. (2) The refrigeration piece nestification can refrigerate in the anchor pipe, reduces the temperature of the soil body around the anchor pipe, provides the passageway for cold dough sheet heat dissipation simultaneously, and no power ventilator reduces cold dough sheet's temperature and humidity with higher speed convection, provides good operation environment. The temperature control switch senses the soil body temperature to control the work of the refrigerating sheet in real time, the sleeve valve is in one-way conduction, no slurry is left in the slurry cooling section, the slurry cooling section is provided for the refrigerating sheet, the anchor pipe can be cooled all the year round, and the stability of the frozen soil slope body is greatly improved. (3) Simple structure, easy assembly, strong operability, good cooling, anchoring and long-term service performance.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: (1) cooling and shading principle: when the temperature sensor senses that the temperature of the soil body is higher than the working conversion temperature of the temperature control switch, the temperature control switch is automatically closed, the solar cell panel is communicated with the refrigerating sheet to form a closed loop, under the driving of electric power, current flows from an N-type element to a P-type element in the refrigerating sheet, namely, the current moves from a low-energy-level material to a high-energy-level material, the cold surface of the refrigerating sheet absorbs heat, the refrigerating sheet exchanges heat with the soil body on the periphery of the hollow anchor pipe, the temperature of the soil body is reduced, cold energy is stored, and meanwhile, the hot surface of the refrigerating sheet emits heat; the unpowered hood utilizes natural wind power and temperature difference between the hollow anchor pipe and the atmosphere to carry out air heat convection, thereby pushing the turbine to rotate, accelerating the discharge of hot air dissipated by the refrigerating sheet in the hollow anchor pipe by utilizing the centrifugal force and the negative pressure effect, reducing the self temperature of the refrigerating sheet and ensuring normal work. The solar cell panel can shelter from strong solar radiation in daytime, weaken the heating effect of radiation on the side slope, and cold air can flow through between the solar cell panel and the slope surface to carry out heat convection with the slope surface, so that the temperature of the slope surface is reduced. (2) The anchoring principle is as follows: after the hollow anchor pipe is placed in a hole of a slope body, slurry is injected by using the pressure of the grouting pipe, and the slurry penetrates through the sleeve valve and seeps out of the slurry outlet hole to be bonded with the surrounding soil body; the frame is connected with the hollow anchor pipe to form a space structure, and the seasonal freeze-thaw movable layer is anchored in the stable soil body.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a solar panel and frame of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the hollow anchor tube of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the unpowered ventilator of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the mounting of the unpowered ventilator and the cold plate to the hollow anchor tube;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an H-shaped stent of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of the invention implemented in a slope support project;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the composition and operation of the refrigeration plate;
description of reference numerals:
the device comprises a cross beam 1, a vertical column 2, an anchor device 3, a base plate 4, a hollow anchor tube 5, a thick tube 6, a thin tube 7, a sleeve valve 8, a barb 9, a grout outlet hole 10, a solar panel 11, a refrigeration sheet 12, a voltage controller 13, a temperature sensor 14, a temperature control switch 15, an unpowered ventilator 16, a lead wire 17, a lead wire 18, a wire through hole 19, an H-shaped bracket 19, cement slurry 20 and a potential slip surface 21.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention are described below clearly and completely, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making an invasive task, are within the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, the present invention provides a sunshade refrigeration anchoring structure, comprising: an anchoring system and a refrigeration system;
the anchoring system comprises a frame, a hollow anchor pipe 5, an anchor 3 and a backing plate 4; the frame is composed of a cross beam 1 and a vertical column 2, a hollow anchor pipe 5 penetrates through the cross position of the cross beam 1 and the vertical column 2, and the hollow anchor pipe 5 is anchored on the frame through an anchorage device 3 and a base plate 4.
The hollow anchor pipe 5 is formed by connecting a thick pipe 6 and a thin pipe 7; one end of the thick pipe 6 is opened, the other end is closed, the center of the thick pipe is provided with a hole, the opening end is provided with external threads, the pipe wall of the thin pipe 7 is provided with a plurality of slurry outlet holes 10 and inverted spines 9, and the opening part of the pipe at one end is sleeved with a sleeve valve 8; the closed end of the thick tube 6 is coaxially connected with one end of the thin tube 7, which is sleeved with a sleeve valve 8.
The refrigeration system comprises a solar cell panel 11, a refrigeration piece 12, a voltage controller 13, a temperature sensor 14, a temperature control switch 15 and an unpowered ventilator 16; the solar cell panel 11 is fixed on the beam 1 of the frame through the H-shaped bracket 19 and the bolt, so as to generate power and shade sun, provide refrigeration power and weaken direct solar radiation slope.
The refrigerating sheet 12 is composed of an N-type semiconductor and a P-type semiconductor, one side of the refrigerating sheet is a cold surface, the other side of the refrigerating sheet is a hot surface, and the refrigerating sheet is cylindrical or semi-cylindrical; the positive pole of the voltage controller 13 is connected with the N-type semiconductor, and the negative pole is connected with the P-type semiconductor; the refrigeration piece 12 is sleeved in the thick pipe 6, the cold surface is tightly attached to the pipe wall, the cold surface is cooled when the refrigerator works, the temperature of soil around the thick pipe 6 is reduced, and meanwhile, the hot surface gives off heat; the unpowered ventilator 16 is sleeved at the front end of the hollow anchor pipe 5, and natural wind and pressure difference are utilized to carry out convection heat transfer to bring heat dissipated from the hot surface of the refrigeration sheet 12 into the atmosphere.
Fig. 7 is a working schematic diagram of the refrigeration sheet, and as shown in fig. 7, the refrigeration sheet 12 is formed by cascading a couple pair formed by connecting an N-type semiconductor and a P-type semiconductor. When the circuit formed by the cooling fins 12 is collectively supplied with a direct current, energy transfer occurs, and the current flows from the N-type element to the junction of the P-type element, absorbing heat, and becomes the cold end. The magnitude of the heat absorption is determined by the magnitude of the current and the number of pairs of elements of semiconductor material N, P.
The temperature control switch 15 is respectively connected with the solar cell panel 11, the voltage controller 13, the refrigeration piece 12 and the temperature sensor 14 through a lead 17 to form a closed loop, the work and the disconnection of the refrigeration piece 12 are controlled, and the conversion work temperature is set to be a certain value of-1 ℃ to 2 ℃.
The temperature sensor 14 is arranged between any two hollow anchor pipes 5 in the slope body, and the depth of the temperature sensor to the slope surface is 0.5-2.5 m.
Furthermore, the thick pipe 6 is made of metal, an anticorrosive coating is coated on the inner side and the outer side of the thick pipe, the diameter is 100-150 mm, the length is suitable for the maximum thickness of the activity layer in the permafrost season determined according to engineering practice, the thin pipe 7 is made of metal, the diameter is 40-60 mm, and the length is determined according to engineering calculation bearing capacity.
Furthermore, four bolt holes are formed in the H-shaped support 19, the height of the bolt holes is 10-30 cm, and the width of the bolt holes is equal to that of the cross beam 1.
Further, the length of the solar cell panel 11 is equal to the distance between the two cross beams 1 of the frame, and the width of the solar cell panel is smaller than the distance between the two vertical columns 2 of the frame by 30-60 cm, so that the solar cell panel is fixed and air flows into the space between the solar cell panel 11 and the slope for heat convection.
As shown in FIGS. 3, 4 and 6, the unpowered ventilator 16 is provided with a stringing hole 18.
As shown in fig. 6, the voltage controller 13 and the temperature controlled switch 15 are installed at the frame or the toe.
As shown in fig. 1 to 6, the invention provides a construction method of a permafrost slope sunshade refrigeration anchoring structure, which adopts a reverse construction method and is constructed in sections, namely, from top to bottom, and comprises the following steps:
(1) investigating geological and climatic conditions of the side slope, exploring and designing, analyzing the position (namely a potential slip plane 21) of a seasonal active layer of the frozen soil side slope for many years, and determining the length, the inclination angle and the section size of the frame of each section of the hollow anchor pipe 5;
(2) prefabricating a hollow anchor pipe 5: selecting two metal pipes with different thicknesses, turning external threads at one end of the thick pipe 6, sealing the other end by using a circular plate with a central hole, and coating an anticorrosive layer on the inner surface and the outer surface; the thin tube 7 is provided with a plurality of grout outlet holes 10, barbs 9 and a tube opening sleeve valve 8; the closed end of the thick tube 6 is coaxially connected with the end of the thin tube 7, which is sleeved with a sleeve valve 8;
(3) paying off and positioning: firstly, paying off according to a design drawing, secondly, excavating a side slope downwards from the top of the side slope, and then positioning the positions of the hollow anchor pipe 5 and the temperature sensor 14 by using a measuring instrument;
(4) drilling: respectively drilling a hollow anchor pipe 5 and a placement hole of a temperature sensor 14 on the slope according to the designed depth and angle;
(5) constructing a hollow anchor pipe 5: inserting a hollow anchor pipe 5 into a hole of a side slope, enabling a grouting pipe to penetrate into the hollow anchor pipe 5 and be connected with a sleeve valve 8, performing pressure grouting to enable the grouting pipe to seep out of a grout outlet 10, bonding the grout 20 with a surrounding stable frozen soil layer to form an anchoring section, and pulling out the grouting pipe;
(6) constructing a frame: and (3) erecting a formwork at the designed positions of the first upright post 2 and the first row of cross beams 1, binding the steel reinforcement frameworks of the cross beams 1 and the upright posts 2 in a groove formed by erecting the formwork, and pouring concrete to form a frame.
(7) And (3) carrying out prestress tensioning on the hollow anchor pipe 5 when the concrete strength of the cross beam 1 and the upright post 2 reaches more than 85%, and fixing the hollow anchor pipe 5 on the frame by using an anchorage device 3 and a backing plate 4.
(8) And (5) constructing the hollow anchor pipe 5, the cross beam 1 and the upright post 2 of the next working surface according to the steps (5), (6) and (7) and completing the tensioning and anchoring of the hollow anchor pipes 5 of each layer.
(9) Installing the cold plate 12, unpowered ventilator 16 and temperature sensor 14: a refrigerating piece 12 is sleeved in the thick pipe 6 of the hollow anchor pipe 5, the cold surface is tightly attached to the pipe wall, the conducting wires 17 of the N-type semiconductor and the P-type semiconductor are transmitted out from the threading holes 18 on the unpowered ventilator 16, and the unpowered ventilator 16 is sleeved at the front end of the hollow anchor pipe 5; the temperature sensors 14 are arranged in the corresponding holes, the holes are filled with soil, and the data lines are led out of the slope;
(10) constructing the solar cell panel 11: fixing the solar cell panels 11 on the cross beam 1 of the frame one by adopting an H-shaped bracket 19 and a bolt;
(11) connection debugging: the solar cell panel 11 is connected in series by a lead 17 and is connected with a voltage controller 13, a temperature sensor 14 and a temperature control switch 15, the anode of the voltage controller 13 is connected with an N-type semiconductor of a refrigerating sheet 12, and the cathode is connected with a P-type semiconductor; the temperature control switch 15 is switched on, the reading of the temperature sensor 14 is observed, if the reading is reduced after continuous working for a period of time, the temperature can be reduced, and if the reading is not changed, the connection condition of the lead is rechecked.
(12) The temperature control switch 15 is set to switch the working temperature, if the soil temperature is higher than the set working temperature, the temperature control switch 15 closes the refrigeration sheet 12 to start cooling, otherwise, the refrigeration sheet is disconnected.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a sunshade refrigeration anchor structure which characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps: an anchoring system and a refrigeration system;
the anchoring system comprises a frame, a hollow anchor pipe (5), an anchor (3) and a base plate (4); the frame consists of a cross beam (1) and an upright post (2), a hollow anchor pipe (5) penetrates through the cross position of the cross beam (1) and the upright post (2), and the hollow anchor pipe (5) is anchored on the frame by an anchor (3) and a backing plate (4);
the hollow anchor pipe (5) is formed by connecting a thick pipe (6) and a thin pipe (7); one end of the thick pipe (6) is open, the other end is closed, the center of the thick pipe is provided with a hole, the open end is provided with external threads, the pipe wall of the thin pipe (7) is provided with a plurality of slurry outlet holes (10) and barbs (9), and the opening part of the pipe at one end is sleeved with a sleeve valve (8); the closed end of the thick tube (6) is coaxially connected with one end of the thin tube (7) which is sleeved with the sleeve valve (8);
the refrigeration system comprises a solar cell panel (11), a refrigeration piece (12), a voltage controller (13), a temperature sensor (14), a temperature control switch (15) and an unpowered ventilator (16); the solar cell panel (11) is fixed on a cross beam (1) of the frame through an H-shaped bracket (19) and a bolt;
the refrigerating sheet (12) is formed by cascading couple pairs formed by connecting an N-type semiconductor and a P-type semiconductor through a metal conductor, one side of the refrigerating sheet is a cold surface, the other side of the refrigerating sheet is a hot surface and is in a cylindrical or semi-cylindrical shape, the refrigerating sheet (12) is nested in the thick pipe (6), and the cold surface is tightly attached to the pipe wall; the positive pole of the voltage controller (13) is connected with the N-type semiconductor, and the negative pole is connected with the P-type semiconductor; the unpowered ventilator (16) is fixed at the opening end of the thick pipe (6) provided with the external thread;
the temperature control switch (15) is respectively connected with the solar cell panel (11), the voltage controller (13), the refrigerating sheet (12) and the temperature sensor (14) through leads (17) to form a closed loop, the work and the disconnection of the refrigerating sheet (12) are controlled, and the conversion work temperature is set to be a certain value of-1-2 ℃;
the temperature sensor (14) is arranged between any two hollow anchor pipes (5) in the slope body, and the distance from the slope surface to the depth is 0.5-2.5 m.
2. The sun-shading refrigeration anchoring structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: the thick pipe (6) is made of metal, an anticorrosive coating is coated on the inner side and the outer side of the thick pipe, the diameter of the thick pipe is 100-150 mm, the length of the thick pipe is suitable for the maximum thickness of the permafrost season moving layer determined according to engineering practice, the thin pipe (7) is made of metal, the diameter of the thin pipe is 40-60 mm, and the length of the thin pipe is determined according to engineering calculation bearing capacity.
3. The sun-shading refrigeration anchoring structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: four bolt holes are formed in the H-shaped support (19), the height of the bolt holes is 10-30 cm, and the width of the bolt holes is equal to that of the cross beam (1).
4. The sun-shading refrigeration anchoring structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: the length of the solar cell panel (11) is equal to the distance between the two cross beams (1) of the frame, and the width of the solar cell panel is smaller than the distance between the two upright posts (2) of the frame by 30-60 cm.
5. The sun-shading refrigeration anchoring structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: the unpowered ventilator (16) is provided with a threading hole (18).
6. The sun-shading refrigeration anchoring structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: the voltage controller (13) and the temperature control switch (15) are arranged on the frame or the slope toe.
7. A method of constructing a sunshade refrigeration anchor as claimed in claim 1, including the steps of:
(1) determining a potential slip surface (21) according to the geological and climatic conditions of the side slope and the thickness of a seasonal active layer of the permafrost side slope, and determining the length, the inclination angle and the section size of the frame of each section of the hollow anchor pipe (5);
(2) prefabricating a hollow anchor pipe: selecting two metal pipes with different thicknesses, turning external threads at one end of the thick pipe (6), sealing the other end of the thick pipe by using a circular plate with a central hole, and coating an anticorrosive layer on the inner surface and the outer surface of the thick pipe; the thin tube (7) is provided with a plurality of grout outlet holes (10) and barbs (9), and a sleeve valve (8) at the tube opening; the closed end of the thick tube (6) is coaxially connected with one end of the thin tube (7) which is sleeved with a sleeve valve (8);
(3) paying off and positioning: firstly, paying off according to a design drawing, secondly, excavating a side slope downwards from the top of the slope, and then positioning the positions of a hollow anchor pipe (5) and a temperature sensor (14) by using a measuring instrument;
(4) drilling: respectively drilling a hollow anchor pipe (5) and a mounting hole of a temperature sensor (14) on the slope according to the designed depth and angle;
(5) constructing the hollow anchor pipe (5): inserting a hollow anchor pipe (5) into a hole of a side slope, enabling a grouting pipe to penetrate into the hollow anchor pipe (5) and be connected with a sleeve valve (8), performing pressure grouting to enable the grouting pipe to seep out of a grout outlet hole (10), bonding the grout (20) and a surrounding stable frozen soil layer to form an anchoring section, and pulling out the grouting pipe;
(6) constructing a frame: erecting a formwork at the design positions of a first upright post (2) and a first row of cross beams (1), binding steel reinforcement frameworks of the cross beams (1) and the upright posts (2) in a groove formed by erecting the formwork, and pouring concrete to form a frame;
(7) when the concrete strength of the cross beam (1) and the upright post (2) reaches more than 85 percent, carrying out prestress tensioning on the hollow anchor pipe (5), and fixing the hollow anchor pipe (5) on the frame by using an anchor (3) and a backing plate (4);
(8) constructing the hollow anchor pipe (5), the cross beam (1) and the upright post (2) of the next working surface according to the steps (5), (6) and (7) to complete the tensioning and anchoring of each layer of hollow anchor pipe (5);
(9) installing a refrigerating sheet, an unpowered ventilator and a temperature sensor: a refrigerating piece (12) is sleeved in a thick pipe (6) of the hollow anchor pipe (5), the cold surface is tightly attached to the pipe wall, conducting wires (17) of N-type and P-type semiconductors are led out from a threading hole (18) on an unpowered ventilator (16), and the front end of the hollow anchor pipe (5) is sleeved with the unpowered ventilator (16); the temperature sensors (14) are arranged in the corresponding holes, the holes are filled with soil, and the data lines are led out of the slope;
(10) constructing a solar cell panel: fixing the solar cell panels (11) on the cross beam (1) of the frame one by adopting an H-shaped bracket (19) and a bolt;
(11) connection debugging: the solar cell panel (11) is connected in series through a wire (17) and is connected with a voltage controller (13), a temperature sensor (14) and a temperature control switch (15), the positive electrode of the voltage controller (13) is connected with an N-type semiconductor of a refrigerating sheet (12), and the negative electrode of the voltage controller is connected with a P-type semiconductor; switching on a temperature control switch (15), observing the reading of the temperature sensor (14), if the reading is reduced after continuously working for a period of time, indicating that the temperature can be reduced, and if the reading is not changed, re-checking the connection condition of the lead;
(12) the temperature control switch (15) is set to convert the working temperature, if the soil body temperature is higher than the set conversion working temperature, the temperature control switch (15) closes the refrigeration sheet (12) to start cooling, otherwise, the refrigeration sheet is disconnected.
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| CN111042156A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-04-21 | 花王生态工程股份有限公司 | Roadbed slope water-blocking ventilation type protection structure |
| CN112797263B (en) * | 2021-01-21 | 2021-08-10 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 | Anti-freezing pulling supporting leg and anti-freezing pulling method thereof |
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