CN110028945B - Thickening agent for fracturing fluid, preparation method of thickening agent and fracturing fluid - Google Patents
Thickening agent for fracturing fluid, preparation method of thickening agent and fracturing fluid Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a thickening agent for a fracturing fluid, a preparation method thereof and the fracturing fluid, wherein according to the mass percentage, aviation kerosene accounts for 18.0-22.0% of the total mass, polyacrylamide accounts for 32.0-38.5% of the total mass, an emulsifier accounts for 4.0-6.0% of the total mass, hexadecyl trimethylammonium bromide accounts for 0.5-1.0% of the total mass, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate accounts for 0.5-1.0% of the total mass, ethylene glycol accounts for 5.0-8.0% of the total mass, and the balance is water. The thickening agent is still uniform after long-term storage and transportation, has no obvious oil-liquid separation, and still has good fluidity at the temperature of minus 30 ℃. The fracturing fluid prepared by the thickening agent has no obvious wall hanging phenomenon after being used.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of oil and gas field exploitation, in particular to a thickening agent for a fracturing fluid.
Background
The fracturing fluid is a heterogeneous unstable chemical system formed by a plurality of additives according to a certain proportion, is a working fluid used for fracturing modification of an oil-gas layer, and has the main functions of transmitting high pressure formed by ground equipment into a stratum, enabling the stratum to fracture to form a fracture and conveying a propping agent along the fracture.
At present, water-based fracturing fluids are prepared by adding a thickener and an additive into water serving as a solvent or a dispersion medium. Three water-soluble polymers are mainly used as thickening agents, namely vegetable gum (guar gum, sesbania, konjak and the like), cellulose derivatives and synthetic polymers. These high molecular polymers swell in water to form sol, and form jelly with extremely high viscosity after cross-linking. Has the advantages of high viscosity, strong sand suspending capacity, low filtration loss, low friction resistance and the like.
The synthetic polymer fracturing fluid used at home and abroad at present comprises polyacrylamide, partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide, methylene polyacrylamide and copolymers thereof.
However, the thickening agent prepared by using the synthetic polymer at present is usually stored for 1-2 months, and obvious oil-liquid separation occurs, so that the wall hanging phenomenon exists on a sleeve and an oil pipe in the using process, the sleeve and the oil pipe cannot be cleaned up, and the problems of blocking and the like occur in the tool unloading process; in addition, the thickening agent is not antifreezing at-10 ℃, the product is thickened, the fluidity is poor, and the thickening agent cannot be used.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a thickening agent for fracturing fluid, a preparation method thereof and the fracturing fluid, the thickening agent for preparing the fracturing fluid and the fracturing fluid prepared by the thickening agent. In order to solve the problems that the existing thickening agent is easy to separate oil and liquid and cannot be used at low temperature, the following scheme is adopted:
a thickening agent for fracturing fluid is characterized in that according to mass percentage,
the aviation kerosene accounts for 18.0-22.0 percent of the total mass,
the polyacrylamide accounts for 32.0-38.0% of the total mass,
the emulsifier accounts for 4.0-6.0% of the total mass,
cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide accounts for 0.5-1.0% of the total mass,
the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate accounts for 0.5 to 1.0 percent of the total mass,
the ethylene glycol accounts for 5.0-8.0 percent of the total mass,
the balance being water.
Preferably, according to the technical scheme, according to the mass percentage,
the aviation kerosene accounts for 20.0 percent of the mass,
the mass of the polyacrylamide accounts for 35.0 percent,
the emulsifier accounts for 5.0 percent of the total mass,
0.8 percent of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide,
the mass of the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate accounts for 0.8 percent,
the glycol accounts for 6.0 percent of the mass,
the balance being water.
Preferably, the emulsifier is span 80.
Preferably, the polyacrylamide is powder, and the viscosity average molecular weight of the polyacrylamide is 400-600 ten thousand.
The thickening agent for the fracturing fluid is prepared by the following steps:
1) at room temperature, adding aviation kerosene and an emulsifier into water, and stirring for 10-20 minutes at the speed of 500-700 rpm;
2) then, adding polyacrylamide, and stirring at the speed of 100-;
3) then adding hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, and stirring for 5-10 minutes at the speed of 100-200 rpm;
4) then, ethylene glycol was added and stirred at 100-.
Preferably, it is prepared by the following steps:
1) adding aviation kerosene and an emulsifier into water at room temperature, and stirring for 15 minutes at the speed of 600 rpm;
2) then, polyacrylamide was added and stirred at 150rpm for 40 minutes;
3) then, adding hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, and stirring at the speed of 150rpm for 8 minutes;
4) then, ethylene glycol was added and stirred at 150rpm for 10 minutes.
The fracturing fluid prepared by the thickening agent for the fracturing fluid comprises, by mass, 0.1% -0.2% of the thickening agent, and the balance of water.
Preferably, the thickening agent accounts for 0.15% of the total mass, and the balance is water.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
firstly, the oil-water separator is placed for a long time, and still has no obvious oil-water separation, so that the phenomenon of wall hanging on a sleeve and an oil pipe can be prevented;
secondly, the rubber still has good fluidity at the temperature of-30 ℃ and can be used.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below in order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention.
Unless otherwise specified, "%" referred to in the examples means mass%.
Unless otherwise specified, the chemicals referred to in the examples are all available from conventional technical means.
Example 1
1) At room temperature, adding aviation kerosene and span 80 into water, and stirring for 15 minutes at the speed of 600 rpm;
2) then, polyacrylamide was added and stirred at 150rpm for 40 minutes;
3) then, adding hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, and stirring at the speed of 150rpm for 8 minutes;
4) then, ethylene glycol was added and stirred at 150rpm for 10 minutes.
In the above-mentioned preparation process, the above-mentioned raw materials are mixed,
the aviation kerosene accounts for 20.0 percent of the mass,
35.0 percent of polyacrylamide is powder, the viscosity-average molecular weight is 600 ten thousand,
span 80 accounts for 5.0% of the total mass,
0.8 percent of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide,
the mass of the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate accounts for 0.8 percent,
the glycol accounts for 6.0 percent of the mass,
the balance being water.
Taking out the prepared thickening agent for inspection:
after standing for 6 months, no obvious oil-liquid separation still occurs by visual inspection;
the product is placed in an environment with the temperature of minus 30 ℃ for 4 hours, and still has good fluidity by visual inspection;
the thickening agent and water are prepared into fracturing fluid, wherein the thickening agent accounts for 0.15 percent of the total mass, the balance is water, and the measured drag reduction rate is 72 percent.
Example 2
1) At room temperature, adding aviation kerosene and span 80 into water, and stirring for 15 minutes at the speed of 600 rpm;
2) then, polyacrylamide was added and stirred at 200rpm for 30 minutes;
3) then, adding hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, and stirring at the speed of 150rpm for 8 minutes;
4) then, ethylene glycol was added and stirred at 150rpm for 10 minutes.
In the above-described configuration process, the configuration process,
the aviation kerosene accounts for 22.0 percent of the total mass,
the polyacrylamide accounts for 38.0 percent of the total mass, the viscosity average molecular weight of the powder is 600 ten thousand,
span 80 accounts for 4.0% of the total mass,
cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide accounts for 0.5% of the total mass,
the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate accounts for 0.5 percent of the total mass,
the ethylene glycol accounts for 5.0 percent of the total mass,
the balance being water.
Respectively taking out the prepared thickening agents for inspection:
after standing for 6 months, no obvious oil-liquid separation still occurs by visual inspection;
the product is placed in an environment with the temperature of minus 30 ℃ for 4 hours, and still has good fluidity by visual inspection;
the thickening agent and water are prepared into fracturing fluid, wherein the thickening agent accounts for 0.15 percent of the total mass, the balance is water, and the measured drag reduction rate is 70 percent. Comparative example 1
1) At room temperature, adding aviation kerosene and span 80 into water, and stirring for 15 minutes at the speed of 600 rpm;
2) then, polyacrylamide was added and stirred at 150rpm for 40 minutes;
3) then, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate was added and stirred at 150rpm for 8 minutes;
4) then, ethylene glycol was added and stirred at 150rpm for 10 minutes.
In the above-mentioned preparation process, the above-mentioned raw materials are mixed,
the aviation kerosene accounts for 20.0 percent of the mass,
35.0 percent of polyacrylamide by mass, 600 ten thousand of powder material with viscosity average molecular weight,
span 80 accounts for 5.0% of the total mass,
the mass of the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate accounts for 1.6 percent,
the glycol accounts for 6.0 percent of the mass,
the balance being water.
Taking out the prepared thickening agent for inspection:
after standing for 2 months, obvious oil-liquid separation appears by visual inspection;
the product is placed in an environment with the temperature of minus 30 ℃ for 4 hours, and still has good fluidity by visual inspection;
the thickening agent and water are prepared into fracturing fluid, wherein the thickening agent accounts for 0.15 percent of the total mass, the balance is water, and the drag reduction rate is measured to be 68 percent. Comparative example 2
1) At room temperature, adding aviation kerosene and span 80 into water, and stirring for 15 minutes at the speed of 600 rpm;
2) then, polyacrylamide was added and stirred at 150rpm for 40 minutes;
3) then, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide was added, and stirred at 150rpm for 8 minutes;
4) then, ethylene glycol was added and stirred at 150rpm for 10 minutes.
In the above-mentioned preparation process, the above-mentioned raw materials are mixed,
the aviation kerosene accounts for 20.0 percent of the mass,
35.0 percent of polyacrylamide by mass, 600 ten thousand of powder material with viscosity average molecular weight,
span 80 accounts for 5.0% of the total mass,
cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide accounts for 1.6 percent of the total mass,
ethylene glycol accounts for 6.0 percent of the total mass,
the balance of water, and the sum of the mass of the components is 100%.
Taking out the prepared thickening agent for inspection:
after standing for 2 months, obvious oil-liquid separation appears by visual inspection;
the product is placed in an environment with the temperature of minus 30 ℃ for 4 hours, and still has good fluidity by visual inspection;
the thickening agent and water are prepared into fracturing fluid, wherein the thickening agent accounts for 0.15 percent of the total mass, the balance is water, and the measured drag reduction rate is 66 percent. Comparative example 3
1) At room temperature, adding aviation kerosene and span 80 into water, and stirring for 15 minutes at the speed of 600 rpm;
2) then, polyacrylamide was added and stirred at 150rpm for 40 minutes;
3) then, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate were added and stirred at 150rpm for 8 minutes.
In the above-mentioned preparation process, the above-mentioned raw materials are mixed,
the aviation kerosene accounts for 20.0 percent of the mass,
35.0 percent of polyacrylamide is powder, the viscosity-average molecular weight is 600 ten thousand,
span 80 accounts for 5.0% of the total mass,
0.8 percent of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide,
the mass of the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate accounts for 0.8 percent,
the balance being water.
Taking out the prepared thickening agent for inspection:
after standing for 6 months, no obvious oil-liquid separation still occurs by visual inspection;
placing the mixture in an environment with the temperature of minus 30 ℃ for 4 hours, and visually observing the mixture to ensure that the fluidity is extremely poor;
the thickening agent and water are prepared into fracturing fluid, wherein the thickening agent accounts for 0.15 percent of the total mass, the balance is water, and the measured drag reduction rate is 70 percent.
From the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2, it can be known that the thickening agent prepared by the technical scheme of the application is not easy to separate oil and liquid, still has good fluidity at low temperature (-30 ℃), and can be used.
As can be seen from comparison of comparative examples 1 and 2 with example 1, the use of both cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate in the present application makes the resulting thickener emulsion relatively stable and not prone to oil-liquid separation.
As can be seen from comparison of comparative example 3 with example 1, the use of ethylene glycol in the present application makes it possible to obtain a thickener which is resistant to low temperatures.
In one embodiment of the present invention,
with the solution of claim 5, the following steps A1-A2 are included between the steps 1) and 2):
step A1, determining the values of the first specific gravity, the second specific gravity, the third specific gravity, the fourth specific gravity, the fifth specific gravity and the sixth specific gravity by a computer, wherein the determination method comprises the following steps:
firstly, sample data is constructed and implemented as follows: respectively utilizing aviation kerosene, polyacrylamide, an emulsifying agent, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, glycol and water which have different specific weights and account for the total mass to prepare the thickening agent, wherein the specific weights of the components in the total mass meet that the aviation kerosene accounts for 18.0-22.0%, the polyacrylamide accounts for 32.0-38.0%, the emulsifying agent accounts for 4.0-6.0%, the hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide accounts for 0.5-1.0%, the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate accounts for 0.5-1.0%, and the glycol accounts for 5.0-8.0%, then carrying out corresponding experimental operation on the thickening agent with different specific weights, recording the oil separation of the thickening agent in most of time, counting by half a year when the oil separation does not occur in more than half a year, recording the antifreezing temperature which the thickening agent can bear, and if the thickening agent is not frozen at more than-30 ℃, the anti-freezing temperature is counted according to minus 30 ℃, and then the corresponding performance index of the thickening agent is calculated by using a formula (1):
wherein Y is the performance index of the thickener obtained by calculation, and Y1The time of oil-liquid separation of the thickener is calculated in months, Y2And recording the specific gravity of each component corresponding to the thickening agent with the performance index of the thickening agent larger than 0.85 as the antifreezing temperature of the thickening agent.
The specific gravity of each component of the experiment with better performance in the experimental group can be obtained by using the formula (1).
N records can be formed and formed into a corresponding matrix B (for which there are analog data, if necessary, see the annexes, where n is 100), there are n rows and 6 columns in the matrix B, each of which represents one record, the 1 st column represents the proportion of aviation kerosene, the 2 nd column represents the proportion of polyacrylamide, the 3 rd column represents the proportion of emulsifier, the 4 th column represents the proportion of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, the 5 th column represents the proportion of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, and the 6 th column represents the proportion of ethylene glycol;
secondly, determining the values of the first specific gravity, the second specific gravity, the third specific gravity, the fourth specific gravity, the fifth specific gravity and the sixth specific gravity, and implementing the following steps: for the matrix B, the dispersion of each column in the matrix B is first calculated using equation (2):
wherein HiIs the dispersion of the ith column, n is the total number of rows of matrix B, BijA value representing the jth row and ith column of matrix B, i being 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6; j is 1, 2, 3, … … n; after the dispersion of each substance is obtained, the specific gravities are calculated by the following formula (3):
the corresponding dispersion of the data of each component can be obtained by using the formula (2), so that the weight of the material data is determined;
wherein, wiThe specific gravity of the ith row is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6; w1, w2, w3, w4, w5 and w6 solved by the formula (3) are the first specific gravity, the second specific gravity, the third specific gravity, the fourth specific gravity, the fifth specific gravity and the sixth specific gravity;
the specific gravity of each material can be obtained by using the formula (3). The specific gravity of each material obtained using the accessory data is also within the accessory.
Step A2, the computer sends the values of the first specific gravity, the second specific gravity, the third specific gravity, the fourth specific gravity, the fifth specific gravity and the sixth specific gravity to a user terminal for being viewed by a user, and the user controls the specific gravity of the mass of each material added in the steps (2) to (4) according to the values of the specific gravities.
By utilizing the technology, the proportion of the mass of each component can be determined by utilizing an experimental means, the experimental result is a conclusion obtained under the condition that the oil-liquid separation is not generated and the antifreezing is realized, the statistical analysis of the result is carried out through a large number of experiments, the contingency of the experiment is eliminated, and the proportion of the mass of each obtained material has scientificity and objectivity and is not caused by the contingency.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, however, the present invention is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications may be made to the technical solution of the present invention within the technical idea of the present invention, and these simple modifications are within the protective scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A thickening agent for fracturing fluid is characterized in that according to mass percentage,
the aviation kerosene accounts for 18.0-22.0 percent of the total mass,
the polyacrylamide accounts for 32.0-38.0% of the total mass,
the span 80 accounts for 4.0-6.0% of the total mass,
cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide accounts for 0.5-1.0% of the total mass,
the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate accounts for 0.5 to 1.0 percent of the total mass,
the ethylene glycol accounts for 5.0-8.0 percent of the total mass,
the balance of water, and the sum of the mass of the components is 100%.
2. The viscosifying agent for fracturing fluids according to claim 1, wherein the viscosifying agent comprises, in mass percent,
the aviation kerosene accounts for 20.0 percent of the mass,
the mass of the polyacrylamide accounts for 35.0 percent,
span 80 accounts for 5.0% of the total mass,
0.8 percent of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide,
the mass of the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate accounts for 0.8 percent,
the glycol accounts for 6.0 percent of the mass,
the balance being water.
3. The viscosifying agent for a fracturing fluid of claim 1, wherein the polyacrylamide is a powder having a viscosity average molecular weight of 400 to 600 ten thousand.
4. The method of preparing a viscosifying agent for a fracturing fluid of claim 1, prepared by:
1) at room temperature, adding aviation kerosene and span 80 into water, and stirring at the speed of 500-700rpm for 10-20 minutes;
2) then, adding polyacrylamide, and stirring at the speed of 100-;
3) then adding hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, and stirring for 5-10 minutes at the speed of 100-200 rpm;
4) then, ethylene glycol was added and stirred at 100-.
5. The method of preparing a viscosifying agent for a fracturing fluid of claim 4, prepared by:
1) at room temperature, adding aviation kerosene and span 80 into water, and stirring for 15 minutes at the speed of 600 rpm;
2) then, polyacrylamide was added and stirred at 150rpm for 40 minutes;
3) then, adding hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, and stirring at the speed of 150rpm for 8 minutes;
4) then, ethylene glycol was added and stirred at 150rpm for 10 minutes.
6. The fracturing fluid is characterized by comprising a thickening agent with the mass fraction of 0.1-0.2%, wherein the thickening agent is selected from the thickening agents in any one of claims 1-3.
7. The fracturing fluid of claim 6, wherein the thickener is included at a mass fraction of 0.15%.
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| US4435528A (en) * | 1981-12-21 | 1984-03-06 | The Dow Chemical Company | Concentrated emulsions of water-soluble polymers |
| US7361628B2 (en) * | 2004-12-30 | 2008-04-22 | Conocophillips Company | Remote delivery of latex drag-reducing agent without introduction of immiscible low-viscosity flow facilitator |
| CN101613433B (en) * | 2009-07-28 | 2011-08-31 | 南京工业大学 | Method for synthesizing electrolyte-resistant thickening agent by using inverse emulsion |
| CN103074048B (en) * | 2012-12-27 | 2016-01-27 | 南通科益化工有限公司 | The exploitation of very low temperature (0 ~ 30 DEG C) fracturing fluid system |
| CN103641927B (en) * | 2013-12-10 | 2015-12-09 | 东营金明工贸有限公司 | A kind of preparation method being applicable to the fast hydrating guar of mixture continuously under cold condition |
| CN103710015B (en) * | 2013-12-25 | 2016-08-17 | 四川宝麟新材料科技有限公司 | A kind of oil gas field volume increase emulsion-type drag reducer and preparation method thereof |
| CN103881685A (en) * | 2014-03-25 | 2014-06-25 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Application of nano material self-priming in improving slick water fracturing liquid in shale oil and gas production increment through nano material self-priming |
| US9505971B2 (en) * | 2014-05-16 | 2016-11-29 | Momentive Performance Materials Inc. | Stabilization of polyacrylamide emulsion formulations |
| CN104119853B (en) * | 2014-07-02 | 2017-03-29 | 成都理工大学 | A kind of preparation method of air foam fracturing fluid |
| CN104312573A (en) * | 2014-09-26 | 2015-01-28 | 孙安顺 | Crosslinking-free emulsion thickener for fracturing and preparation method thereof |
| CN104449649B (en) * | 2014-11-28 | 2017-10-13 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司胜利油田分公司采油工艺研究院 | A kind of high concentration water in oil emulsion liquid association polymer fracturing fluid and preparation method thereof |
| CN106047332A (en) * | 2016-06-28 | 2016-10-26 | 江西富诚环保新材料科技有限公司 | Emulsion drag reducing agent for increasing yield of shale oil-gas field and preparation method thereof |
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