CN110028446A - 一种基于聚集诱导发光特征的荧光探针及其测定临界胶束浓度的方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种基于聚集诱导发光特征的荧光探针及其测定临界胶束浓度的方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种基于聚集诱导发光特征的荧光探针及其测定临界胶束浓度的方法和应用,所述聚集诱导发光染料具有式Ⅰ所示结构。本发明开拓性地将荧光探针应用到表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度检测,可以快速测定近似值。本发明的AIE荧光探针在检测表面活性剂临界胶束浓度时操作步骤简单,使用的范围广,可以准确的确定阴离子表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度。式Ⅰ中,R1独立选自:C1~C8的羧基、磺酸基、磷酸基或亚磷酸基中的任意一种,其中n=0、1、2、3、4、5、6或7;R2独立选自:甲基、甲氧基、N,N‑二甲基、N,N‑二甲苯胺、三苯胺、羟基、氨基或巯基中的任意一种。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于精细化工技术领域,具体涉及一种基于聚集诱导发光(AIE)特征的荧光探针快速简便测定临界胶束浓度的应用。
背景技术
表面活性剂具有多种特性,如润湿、乳化、发泡、溶解、分散、洗涤、耐腐蚀、抗静电等,被广泛应用于多种领域,如药物化学、合成化学、材料科学、生物学等(J.Am.Chem.Soc.,2009,131,1628;ACS Nano,2012,6,1677)。在一定的浓度下,即临界胶束浓度(criticalmicelle concentration,CMC)下,表面活性剂开始形成热力学稳定的胶束,同时,各种性质发生显著的变化。另外,CMC值还会受各种环境因素影响,如受pH、溶剂、温度、无机盐等因素影响(J.Colloid Interface Sci.,2006,301,267),因此,在实际应用中经常需要测定CMC值。CMC并不是一个确切的浓度,而是一个窄小的浓度范围,并且CMC值受测定方法影响,如用电导法和荧光法的测定结果常常会有所差别;即便是用同一种方法,如用荧光探针法,用不同荧光探针测定的结果也常常有所差别;用同一种荧光探针,其浓度不同也会影响CMC值。
目前报道的CMC测定方法基本需要配制一系列不同浓度的表面活性剂溶液,并用精密仪器测定各溶液的表面张力、吸收波长、荧光强度等物理参数,并通过物理参数与表面活性剂浓度的关系图确定CMC值(J.Am.Chem.Soc.,2003,125,1602;Chem.Commun.,2011,47,5527)。此类方法操作复杂,耗时过长,而且所涉及到的溶剂为易燃有机试剂,不利于安全、快速、简便的测试表面活性剂的CMC值。
在报道的CMC测定方法中,荧光光谱法具有操作简单、灵敏度高等优点,因此备受多种研究领域的关注(Inorg.Chim.Acta,2012,381,181)。目前广泛使用的荧光探针芘,有一定毒性,急性中毒会引起痉挛、四肢轻瘫等症状,水溶性差。此外,配置芘的荧光探针溶液,需要使用易燃的有机溶剂,并且操作复杂,耗时过长,还需要借助精密仪器测定荧光强度的变化,不利于快速、简便的检测(Chem.Phys.Lett.,2012,547,110)。
聚集诱导发光(AIE)化合物,相对于传统的荧光资料,其优势主要体现在:低背景、信噪比高、灵敏度好、抗光漂白能力强等方面(Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.,2015,54,7275)。水溶性的AIE化合物,是一种很好的CMC测定荧光探针。式Ⅰ所示的AIE荧光探针具有很好的水溶性,配置其溶液简单、快速。通过配制一系列不同浓度的表面活性剂溶液,然后通过荧光仪测定与表面活性剂浓度相关的荧光强度,再根据表面活性剂浓度与测定的荧光强度的线性关系图得出CMC值;最重要的是,可以现场快速、简便、高效的测试表面活性剂的CMC值:于波长365nm的紫外灯下观察随浓度从小到大变化时,荧光发生从无到强的突变,对应荧光强度突变处的检测溶液,所含表面活性剂浓度即为表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度。这种AIE荧光探针来测定表面活性剂的CMC值是一种简便、即时、消耗样品少的方法。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术存在的问题,本发明的目的是为了克服现有技术的不足,提供一种AIE荧光探针测试表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度。
本发明首要目的在于提供一类基于聚集诱导发光(aggregation-inducedemission,AIE)的荧光探针。该类荧光探针以苯并喹啉结构单元为主要母体基团,磺酸基结构单元为主要的水溶基团,具有发射波长长、光稳定性强以及水溶性好等诸多优点,结合荧光分光光度计,能够实现根据表面活性剂浓度与测定的荧光强度的线性关系图得出CMC值;同时,于波长365nm的紫外灯下观察随浓度从小到大变化时,荧光发生从无到最强的突变,对应荧光强度最强点处的突变点的检测溶液所含表面活性剂浓度即为表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度。
实现本发明的技术解决方案是:一种基于聚集诱导发光(AIE)特征的荧光探针在测定表面活性剂临界胶束浓度上的应用,所述的荧光探针具有如式I结构:
其中,所述的表面活性剂包括阴离子表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂,具体为十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(AEO)、普朗尼克(F127)、聚丙烯酸钠(PAANa)。结构式中包含聚集诱导发光性质的荧光团喹啉腈和具有水溶性特征的基团。
上述荧光探针的制备方法,参考文献(Chem.Sci.,2014,5,1383)。
本发明基于聚集诱导发光特征荧光探针的测定方法,是在一定温度下,用溶剂配制不同浓度的表面活性剂溶液,然后加入权利要求1所述的荧光探针液,测定其荧光强度的数值,检测强度突变点,确定临界胶束浓度值;同时于紫外照射下拍照,观察荧光从弱到强的突变,根据荧光强度突变点,确定表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度。
所述表面活性剂包括阴离子表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂;
其中,阴离子表面活性剂包括十二烷基硫酸钠、聚丙烯酸钠、十二烷基苯磺酸、脂肪醇酰硫酸钠、乙氧基化脂肪酸甲酯磺酸钠、仲烷基磺酸钠或醇醚羧酸盐;
其中,非离子表面活性剂包括脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、普朗尼克、聚丙烯酰胺、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚、脂肪酸聚氧乙烯酯、脂肪酸甲酯乙氧基化物或聚丙二醇的环氧乙烷加成物。
进一步的,所述表面活性剂在溶剂中形成分散介质的浓度为0.01~50%(w/v)。
进一步的,所述的荧光探针液浓度为10~1*10-1mol·L-1;荧光探针的测试浓度为1*10-2~1*10-6mol·L-1。
进一步的,所述溶剂包括去离子水、PBS缓冲液、生理盐水或HEPES缓冲液。
进一步的,所述温度范围是5-80℃。
进一步的,采用的荧光检测仪器,包括荧光分光光度计、酶联免疫检测仪测定荧光强度;荧光波长范围550-700纳米,最大荧光波长在600-630纳米。
与现有技术相比,本发明的优点是:
(1)本发明检测方法操作安全,使用方便。相比于传统的测试CMC的荧光探针芘,需要使用有毒易燃的有机溶剂。本AIE探针只需要使用去离子水、PBS缓冲液等无危害的溶剂就可以配制测试溶液;
(2)本发明检测方法操作简单,快速有效。传统的测试CMC的荧光探针芘,配制测试溶液复杂,耗时过长,需要两天时间;本AIE探针,配制简单,只需要10分钟左右,属于即配即用类型;
(3)本发明检测方法,测试简便快速。传统的测试CMC的荧光探针芘,需要借助精密仪器(如荧光分光光度计等)测定荧光强度的变化;本AIE探针,只需要简单的紫外光(如提式紫外灯、便携式紫外手电等)照射,即可观察到明显的变化,荧光从无到有的突变,即为临界胶束浓度;
(4)本发明可以适用于阴离子表面活性剂以及非离子表面活性剂;可以准确的确定表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度。
附图说明
图1.AIE探针I(浓度为2.5*10-5mol·L-1)在测试不同浓度的表面活性剂SDS的荧光光谱图;其中,横坐标为波长(nm),纵坐标为荧光强度。
图2.AIE探针I在测试不同浓度的表面活性剂SDS的溶液中,最大发射波长处的荧光强度与SDS浓度的关系图;其中,横坐标为SDS的浓度,纵坐标为荧光强度。
图3.在365nm的紫外灯下,AIE探针I在不同浓度的表面活性剂SDS中,呈现的荧光图像。
图4.AIE探针I(浓度为2.5*10-5mol·L-1)在测试不同浓度的表面活性剂AEO的荧光光谱图;
其中,横坐标为波长(nm),纵坐标为荧光强度。
图5.AIE探针I在测试不同浓度的表面活性剂AEO的溶液中,最大发射波长处的荧光强度与AEO浓度的关系图;其中,横坐标为AEO的浓度,纵坐标为荧光强度。
图6.在365nm的紫外灯下,AIE探针I在不同浓度的表面活性剂AEO中,呈现的荧光图像。
图7.AIE探针I(浓度为2.5*10-5mol·L-1)在测试不同浓度的表面活性剂F127的荧光光谱图;其中,横坐标为波长(nm),纵坐标为荧光强度。
图8.AIE探针I在测试不同浓度的表面活性剂F127的溶液中,最大发射波长处的荧光强度与F127浓度的关系图;其中,横坐标为F127的浓度,纵坐标为荧光强度。
图9.在365nm的紫外灯下,AIE探针I在不同浓度的表面活性剂F127中,呈现的荧光图像。
图10.AIE探针I(浓度为2.5*10-5mol·L-1)在测试不同浓度的表面活性剂PAANa的荧光光谱图;其中,横坐标为波长(nm),纵坐标为荧光强度。
图11.AIE探针I在测试不同浓度的表面活性剂PAANa的溶液中,最大发射波长处的荧光强度与PAANa浓度的关系图;其中,横坐标为PAANa的浓度,纵坐标为荧光强度。
图12.在365nm的紫外灯下,AIE探针I在不同浓度的表面活性剂PAANa中,呈现的荧光图像。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明作进一步的阐述,其目的仅在于更好地理解本发明的内容。因此,所举之例并不限制本发明的保护范围:
实施例1
(1)将AIE探针I用水溶液配置成浓度为2.5*10-3mol·L-1的储备溶液;
(2)称取阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)(分子量288)288.00mg于100mL容量瓶中,加双蒸水至样品溶解,采用双蒸水进行定容,使得到浓度为10mM的SDS储备液;
(3)室温下,分别取4、5、6、6.5、7、7.5、8、9、10mL的(2)制备得到的SDS储备液于九个10mL的容量瓶中,同时加入0.1mL的(1)制备得到的AIE探针I储备液,采用双蒸水进行定容,摇匀,使得到浓度分别为4、5、6、6.5、7、7.5、8、9、10mM的SDS样品液;
(4)测定上述待测液的荧光发射光谱(λex=415nm),以最大发射波长处的荧光强度与对应的SDS浓度作图,如图2所示,在SDS的浓度为7mM时候,有明显的突变,据此判断,SDS的CMC为7mM左右。
(5)于波长为365nm的紫外灯下观察随浓度从小到大变化时,荧光发生从无到最强的突变,对应荧光强度的突变点的检测溶液所含表面活性剂浓度即为表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度。如图3所示,当SDS浓度从6.5mM到7.5mM时,荧光强度发生了明显的突变。
实施例2
(1)将AIE探针I用水溶液配置成浓度为2.5*10-3mol·L-1的储备溶液;
(2)称取非离子表面活性剂脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(AEO)(分子量312)312.00mg于100mL容量瓶中,加双蒸水至样品溶解,采用双蒸水进行定容,使得到浓度为10mM的AEO储备液;
(3)室温下,分别取0.25、0.5、1、1.2、1.4、1.6、1.8、2、2.5mL的(2)制备得到的AEO储备液于九个10mL的容量瓶中,同时加入0.1mL的(1)制备得到的AIE探针I储备液,采用双蒸水进行定容,摇匀,使得到浓度分别为0.25、0.5、1、1.2、1.4、1.6、1.8、2、2.5mM的AEO样品液;
(4)测定上述待测液的荧光发射光谱(λex=415nm),以最大发射波长处的荧光强度与对应的AEO浓度作图,如图5所示在AEO的浓度为1.4-1.8mM时候,有明显的突变,据此判断,AEO的CMC为1.4-1.8mM之间。
(5)于波长为365nm的紫外灯下观察随浓度从小到大变化时,荧光发生从无到最强的突变,对应荧光强度的突变点的检测溶液所含表面活性剂浓度即为表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度。如图6所示,当AEO浓度从1.4mM到1.8mM时,荧光强度发生了明显的突变。
实施例3
(1)将AIE探针I用水溶液配置成浓度为2.5*10-3mol·L-1的储备溶液;
(2)称取非离子表面活性剂普朗尼克(F127)10g于100mL容量瓶中,加双蒸水至样品溶解,采用双蒸水进行定容,使得到浓度为10mg/mL的F127储备液;
(3)室温下,分别取5,10,20,50,100,150,200,400,800μL的(2)制备得到的F127储备液于九个10mL的容量瓶中,同时加入0.1mL的(1)制备得到的AIE探针I储备液,采用双蒸水进行定容,摇匀,使得到浓度分别为0.05,0.1,0.2,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0,4.0,8.0mg/mL的F127样品液;
(4)测定上述待测液的荧光发射光谱(λex=415nm),以最大发射波长处的荧光强度与对应的F127浓度作图,如图8所示在F127的浓度为1-2mg/mL时候,有明显的突变,据此判断,F127的CMC为1-2mg/mL之间。
(5)于波长为365nm的紫外灯下观察随浓度从小到大变化时,荧光发生从无到最强的突变,对应荧光强度的突变点的检测溶液所含表面活性剂浓度即为表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度。如图9所示,当F127浓度从1到2mg/mL时,荧光强度发生了明显的突变。
实施例4
(1)将AIE探针I用水溶液配置成浓度为2.5*10-3mol·L-1的储备溶液;
(2)称取阴离子表面活性剂聚丙烯酸纳(PAANa)10g于100mL容量瓶中,加双蒸水至样品溶解,采用双蒸水进行定容,使得到浓度为10mg/mL的F127储备液;
(3)室温下,分别取50,100,200,400,600,800,1000,1200,1600μL的(2)制备得到的PAANa储备液于九个10mL的容量瓶中,同时加入0.1mL的(1)制备得到的AIE探针I储备液,采用双蒸水进行定容,摇匀,使得到浓度分别为0.5,1,2,4,6,8,10,12,16mg/mL的PAANa样品液;
(4)测定上述待测液的荧光发射光谱(λex=415nm),以最大发射波长处的荧光强度与对应的PAANa浓度作图,如图11所示在PAANa的浓度为8mg/mL时候,有明显的突变,据此判断,PAANa的CMC为8-10mg/mL之间。
(5)于波长为365nm的紫外灯下观察随浓度从小到大变化时,荧光发生从无到最强的突变,对应荧光强度的突变点的检测溶液所含表面活性剂浓度即为表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度。如图12所示,当PAANa浓度从6到10mg/mL时,荧光强度发生了明显的突变。
Claims (10)
1.一种基于聚集诱导发光特征的荧光探针,其特征在于,所述的荧光探针结构如式Ⅰ所示:
式Ⅰ中,
R1独立选自:C1~C8的羧基、磺酸基、磷酸基或亚磷酸基中的任意一种,其中n=0、1、2、3、4、5、6或7;
R2独立选自:甲基、甲氧基、N,N-二甲基、N,N-二甲苯胺、三苯胺、羟基、氨基或巯基中的任意一种。
2.如权利要求1所述的基于聚集诱导发光特征荧光探针的测定方法,其特征在于,在一定温度下,用溶剂配制不同浓度的表面活性剂溶液,然后加入权利要求1所述的荧光探针液,测定其荧光强度的数值,检测强度突变点,确定临界胶束浓度值;同时于紫外照射下拍照,观察荧光从弱到强的突变,根据荧光强度突变点,确定表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种基于聚集诱导发光特征的荧光探针,其特征在于,结构式中包含聚集诱导发光性质的荧光团喹啉腈和具有水溶性特征的基团。
4.如权利要求2所述的测定方法,其特征在于,所述表面活性剂包括阴离子表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂;
其中,阴离子表面活性剂包括十二烷基硫酸钠、聚丙烯酸钠、十二烷基苯磺酸、脂肪醇酰硫酸钠、乙氧基化脂肪酸甲酯磺酸钠、仲烷基磺酸钠或醇醚羧酸盐;
其中,非离子表面活性剂包括脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、普朗尼克、聚丙烯酰胺、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚、脂肪酸聚氧乙烯酯、脂肪酸甲酯乙氧基化物或聚丙二醇的环氧乙烷加成物。
5.如权利要求2或4所述的测定方法,其特征在于,所述表面活性剂在溶剂中形成分散介质的浓度为0.01~50%(w/v)。
6.如权利要求2所述的测定方法,其特征在于,所述的荧光探针液浓度为10~1*10- 1mol·L-1;荧光探针的测试浓度为1*10-2~1*10-6mol·L-1。
7.如权利要求2所述的测定方法,其特征在于,所述溶剂包括去离子水、PBS缓冲液、生理盐水或HEPES缓冲液。
8.如权利要求2所述的测定方法,其特征在于,所述温度范围是5-80℃。
9.如权利要求2所述的测定方法,其特征在于,采用的荧光检测仪器,包括荧光分光光度计、酶联免疫检测仪测定荧光强度;荧光波长范围550-700纳米,最大荧光波长在600-630纳米。
10.一种如权利要求1所述的基于聚集诱导发光特征的荧光探针测定临界胶束浓度的应用。
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