CN110027141B - Device and method for controlling molding temperature of heat-insulating material of large-size curved surface revolving body - Google Patents
Device and method for controlling molding temperature of heat-insulating material of large-size curved surface revolving body Download PDFInfo
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- CN110027141B CN110027141B CN201910271725.7A CN201910271725A CN110027141B CN 110027141 B CN110027141 B CN 110027141B CN 201910271725 A CN201910271725 A CN 201910271725A CN 110027141 B CN110027141 B CN 110027141B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
- B29C35/002—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
- B29C35/007—Tempering units for temperature control of moulds or cores, e.g. comprising heat exchangers, controlled valves, temperature-controlled circuits for fluids
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
- B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
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Abstract
The invention relates to a large-size curved surface revolving body heat-insulating material-preventing molding temperature control device and a method, when gas parameters exceed a set range in the heating or drying process, four paths of uniformly arranged gas inlets are opened to introduce inert gas, and a vacuum system is opened to extract gas until the gas parameters are normal; after the monitored temperature exceeds a set threshold, two symmetrically-arranged pre-arranged scheme air inlets are opened, and inert gas lower than room temperature is introduced to realize oxygen isolation and temperature reduction; the invention solves the problem of high-temperature abnormal control of integral molding of heat-insulating materials with large-size and curved surface revolving body structures, and avoids resin implosion reaction, resin high-temperature failure and resin temperature abnormal reaction failure. The control technology is simple to operate, controllable in parameters and easy to realize.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a method for forming a low-density heat-insulating material by taking a low-density three-dimensional fiber structure as a reinforcing phase, relates to a device and a method for controlling the temperature of the heat-insulating material of a large-size curved surface revolution structure, and belongs to the field of thermal protection.
Background
The returning airship is subjected to high heat flux scouring during the returning and re-entering process, and the heat protection system returning to the outer surface of the airship is very important. With the continuous development of deep space detection technology, the return airship has higher requirements on the light weight, the surface structure stability and the integrity of a thermal protection system. The integral formation of large-size and complex-configuration heat-insulating materials is a trend in the development of heat protection systems. The heat-proof and heat-insulating material is characterized by weak heat conduction capability and high specific heat capacity coefficient, and the high-temperature heating promotes the gelation and curing reaction of the matrix material in the preparation process of the material. The heating time of the large-size integrally-formed heat-insulating material is longer, and the low thermal conductivity and high specific heat capacity of the material cause the slow heat dissipation in the material, so that the implosion in the resin reaction process can be caused; or cause localized heat build-up, resulting in high temperatures that lead to resin failure or resin reaction failure. Meanwhile, the configuration of the large-curvature rotary structure is more unfavorable for heat flow.
By combining the analysis, one of the key problems to be solved in the integral molding of the heat-insulating material is the risk of implosion and resin failure caused by the characteristics of heat-insulating property, long-time heating and configuration in the integral molding process. How to control the temperature in the integral forming process of the heat-insulating material with a large-size curved surface revolution structure is a technical problem to be solved urgently in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a device and a method for controlling the forming temperature of a large-size curved surface revolving body heat-insulating material, which can strictly control the temperature field in the product development process and avoid the risk of product failure.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the temperature control device comprises an inert gas generating device, a forming tool, a vacuum system, gas parameter monitoring equipment and temperature monitoring equipment;
the forming tool is a sealed cavity, and a tray for bearing heat-proof materials is arranged in the forming tool; four paths of air inlets are uniformly distributed at the bottom of the forming tool along the circumferential direction and used for introducing inert gas with the same resin reaction temperature as that of the internal heat-insulating material preventing and insulating material forming process; avoiding four air inlets at the bottom of the forming tool, symmetrically arranging two paths of preplanned air inlets along the circumferential direction, and introducing inert gas lower than room temperature to cool when over-temperature occurs; an air outlet is formed in the middle of the upper surface of the forming tool;
the inert gas generating device is output in two paths, and one output pipeline is provided with heating equipment and then is connected with four uniformly arranged gas inlets; the other path is connected with two paths of preplan air inlets symmetrically;
the gas outlet is connected with the vacuum system, and gas parameter monitoring equipment is arranged between the gas outlet and the vacuum system to monitor gas parameters including gas pressure, flow rate or content of reaction products;
the temperature monitoring equipment is used for monitoring the temperature of the heat-proof material in the forming tool.
Preferably, a metal groove cavity for fixing the thermocouple is prefabricated in a sealing cavity of the forming tool, so that a temperature measuring point of the thermocouple is close to the surface of the heat-insulating material.
Preferably, temperature measuring points covering the longitudinal distance are arranged according to the height size of the heat-proof material, and are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction according to the circumferential size; the distance between the temperature measuring point and the surface of the workpiece is not more than 30mm and not less than 5 mm.
Preferably, the position where the heat flow of the large-size curved surface revolving body heat-insulating material is most concentrated and the temperature reaches a high temperature value firstly is used as an alarm monitoring temperature point, and after the temperature of the alarm monitoring temperature point exceeds a set threshold value, two paths of pre-arranged plan air inlets which are symmetrically arranged are opened, and inert gas lower than room temperature is introduced.
Preferably, the inert gas is argon or helium.
Preferably, before heating, the valve of the air outlet is opened, the valve of the vacuum system is opened, the inside of the forming tool is vacuumized, and then the vacuum system is closed; when the gas parameters exceed the set range in the heating process, opening the four uniformly-arranged gas inlets to introduce inert gas, opening the vacuum system to extract gas, and closing the four gas inlets and closing the vacuum system until the gas parameters are normal.
Preferably, the gas parameter ranges are: the set range of the gas pressure is 0.008-0.05 MPa; the setting range of the gas flow rate is a positive speed value; the reaction product content is set within a range in which the content value fluctuates.
Preferably, the tray adopts a hollow structure, and the covering surface of the heat-proof material is not more than 30% of the outer surface.
Meanwhile, a method for controlling the temperature by using the temperature control device in the forming process of the large-size curved surface revolving body heat-insulating prevention material is provided, and the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: connecting the gas outlet with a vacuum system, and installing gas parameter monitoring equipment between the gas outlet and the vacuum system; one output pipeline of the inert gas generating device is provided with heating equipment and then is connected with four uniformly distributed air inlets; the other path is connected with two paths of preplan air inlets symmetrically;
step 2: opening a vacuum system, opening a gas outlet valve, and vacuumizing; after vacuumizing, closing the vacuum system and maintaining a vacuum environment;
and step 3: the heat-proof material starts to be heated or starts to be dried, and gas is generated in the heating or drying process;
when the gas parameters exceed the set range in the heating or drying process, opening the four uniformly-arranged gas inlets to introduce inert gas, opening the vacuum system to extract gas, and closing the four gas inlets and the vacuum system until the gas parameters are normal;
after the temperature monitored by the alarm monitoring temperature point exceeds a set threshold, two symmetrically arranged pre-arranged scheme air inlets are opened, and inert gas lower than room temperature is introduced until the temperature of the alarm monitoring temperature point meets the threshold requirement;
and 4, after the reaction is finished, naturally cooling to room temperature, disconnecting the air outlet and the air inlet, and taking out the heat-proof material.
Preferably, the temperature threshold is (T)2-T1)p+T1Wherein T is1The gel reaction temperature or the solvent drying temperature of the resin used; t is2The p is 10-60% of the cracking temperature of the resin.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the invention solves the problem of high-temperature abnormal control of integral molding of heat-insulating materials with large-size and curved surface revolving body structures, and avoids resin implosion reaction, resin high-temperature failure and resin temperature abnormal reaction failure.
(2) The control technology of the invention has simple operation, controllable parameters and easy realization.
(3) The inert gas used in the invention has no pollution to the environment, avoids the environmental pollution and meets the requirements of environmental protection.
(4) The invention adopts the highest temperature point as the alarm monitoring temperature point to carry out all-round monitoring on the heating process, can find out the temperature abnormality in the heating process in time and has high temperature control precision.
(5) The invention sets the heating nitrogen for controlling the air flow, avoids influencing the reaction or drying temperature in the heating process, and reduces the influence on the product to the maximum extent; and low-temperature nitrogen is introduced under the condition of overhigh temperature, and the temperature is reduced while oxygen is isolated, so that the product loss is reduced to the maximum extent. The same air source is adopted to realize two working conditions, and the development cost is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the product configuration of the thermal insulation preventing member in example 1, wherein (a) is a side view and (b) is a top view; (c) is a front view;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a forming tool in embodiment 1;
FIG. 3 schematic view of the inlet passage design of example 1.
Detailed Description
The vacuum system and the inert gas generating device are adopted, so that the heat can continuously flow in the heating preparation process of the large-size curved surface revolution-structure heat-proof material, and the explosion and local high-temperature risks caused by heat accumulation are avoided. Meanwhile, the abnormal temperature condition is timely found through the detection and control of the surface temperature of the workpiece, and the safety of the integral forming of the large-size curved surface rotary structure is improved by taking the precaution measure of inert gas cooling protection. The method is suitable for the process of heating the heat-proof material with a large-size curved surface revolving body structure in the closed cavity for a long time.
The large-size curved surface revolution structure is a curved surface revolution structure with the rotating shaft height not less than 0.5m and the maximum section radius not less than 0.3 m.
The temperature control device for the forming process of the large-size curved surface revolving body heat-insulating preventing material comprises an inert gas generating device, a forming tool, a vacuum system, gas parameter monitoring equipment and temperature monitoring equipment.
The forming tool is a sealed cavity, a tray used for bearing heat-proof and heat-insulating materials is arranged inside the forming tool, and the tray structure is designed to be a tool with net size, hollow and high temperature resistance higher than 200 ℃ according to the molded surface size of the outer surface (convex surface or flat plate surface) of a product structure to be prepared. The air flow path is designed according to the size of the heat-proof and insulation material product. The air flow channel refers to that the inner surface and the outer surface of the heat-proof and heat-insulation part have spaces for realizing heat dissipation, and the heat flow path cannot form accumulation on the surface of the heat-proof and heat-insulation part. The heat insulation material comprises a heat insulation material preventing part, wherein no closed shelter is arranged on more than 30% of the outer surface of each outer molded surface of the heat insulation material preventing part, and no closed shelter is allowed on more than 50% of the outer surface of the heat insulation material preventing part. The distance between the outer surface of the heat-proof material and the non-contact surface of the side wall of the cavity is required to be more than 10 mm. The closed containing cavity used by the heat-insulating material-preventing component needs to be provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, and the position of the air inlet and the air outlet needs to ensure that air flow can wash the inner surface and the outer surface of the heat-insulating material-preventing component placed in the containing cavity to the maximum extent.
Firstly, six air inlets are arranged at the bottom of a forming tool, and one air outlet is arranged in the middle of an upper die cover plate. The six air inlets are distributed as follows: four paths of air inlets are uniformly and extendedly arranged at the bottom of the forming tool along the circumferential direction and used for introducing inert gas with the same resin reaction temperature as that of the internal heat-insulating material preventing and insulating material forming process; avoiding four air inlets at the bottom of the forming tool, symmetrically extending two pre-designed air inlets along the circumferential direction, and introducing inert gas lower than room temperature (lower than 25 ℃) for cooling when over-temperature occurs, as shown in fig. 3; the middle part of the upper surface of the molding tool is provided with an air outlet.
The inert gas generating device refers to equipment or a pressure container which can provide inert gas, and has the function of heating the inert gas input into the workpiece accommodating cavity to realize the temperature control; the inert gas generating device is output in two paths, and one output pipeline is provided with heating equipment and then is connected with four uniformly extending air inlets; the other path is connected with two paths of preplan air inlets symmetrically;
the gas outlet is connected with the vacuum system, and gas parameter monitoring equipment is arranged between the gas outlet and the vacuum system to monitor gas parameters including gas pressure, flow rate or content of reaction products; the vacuum system refers to equipment capable of continuously providing vacuum pumping for the closed cavity, and has a recovery function on the discharged volatile solution steam; the monitoring parameters comprise parameter indexes capable of reflecting the vacuum degree of the closed cavity, including but not limited to pressure, flow rate, reaction product content or solution discharge amount and the like;
the temperature monitoring equipment is used for monitoring the temperature of the heat-proof material in the forming tool. Determining the specific position of a workpiece in a tool cavity according to a design model among heat-proof materials, additionally arranging metal temperature measuring points in the tool according to a fixed gap value, arranging upper, middle and lower temperature measuring points according to the height size of the workpiece, and arranging the positions of front, rear, left and right temperature measuring points according to the circumferential size; the fixed gap value refers to the distance between the metal temperature measuring point and the surface of the workpiece, and is required to be not more than 30mm and not less than 5 mm; the metal temperature measuring point refers to a metal groove cavity of a fixed thermocouple which is prefabricated in the closed cavity. The integrity and functional tightness of the tool design are met, and the surface temperature value of the heat-proof material is accurately fed back by means of the metal heat transfer capacity.
The heat-proof and heat-insulating material comprises a light porous heat-proof and heat-insulating material taking phenolic aldehyde and organic silicon resin as matrixes; the large-size curved surface revolution structure comprises a curved surface revolution structure which has a surface area larger than 2 square meters and is provided with a central rotating shaft.
In one embodiment, the heat-insulating material is supported by a reinforced tray, the reinforced tray is in a hollow structure, the covered surface of the heat-insulating material is not more than 30% of the outer surface of the workpiece, the workpiece is placed in the tooling in a mode shown in figure 2, and the distance between the workpiece and the cavity of the tooling is more than 30 mm.
The temperature control method comprises the following processes:
step 1: the air outlet of the forming tool is connected with a recovery system, and the middle of the forming tool is connected with a pressure gauge in a penetrating manner; the air inlet is connected with a nitrogen making machine, the nitrogen making machine is output in two paths, one output pipeline is provided with heating equipment and then is connected with four uniformly distributed air inlets; and connecting an air outlet of the air flow channel with a vacuum system, and installing parameter monitoring equipment between the air outlet and the vacuum system.
Step 2: starting a vacuum system, opening an air outlet, and vacuumizing; closing the vacuum system and maintaining a vacuum environment;
and step 3: selecting the temperature of a key control point from the arranged metal temperature measuring points as an alarm monitoring temperature; the key control point refers to the position where the heat flow is most concentrated and the temperature reaches the high temperature value first according to the configuration characteristics of a large-size curved surface rotation heat-proof material part, and is generally the lowest point of a curved surface concave surface, but is not limited to the point. Setting an alarm temperature according to the resin gel reaction temperature; the alarm temperature refers to the gel reaction temperature (or solvent drying temperature) T of the resin used1The temperature T of the cleavage of the resin used2The alarm temperature is (T) if the control temperature is selected according to the proportion p of 10-60 percent in the range2-T1)p+T1。
Starting heating or drying the heat-insulating material part, generating gas in the reaction process, monitoring pressure parameters, starting four paths of uniformly extending gas inlets to introduce inert gas when pressure abnormity (exceeding zero limit) occurs, starting a vacuum system, extracting gas and adjusting pressure; and when the pressure reaches a preset value, closing the four air inlets and closing the vacuum system.
If the temperature alarm occurs, opening the non-heated inert gas container valve and the input interface valve, and starting the plan.
And 4, after the reaction is finished, naturally cooling to room temperature, disconnecting the air outlet and the air inlet, and taking out the heat-proof material.
Example 1:
when the large-size hemispherical rotary phenolic aldehyde nano porous heat-proof material (shown in figure 1) with the thickness of 60mm and the inner area of more than 6 square meters is prepared, firstly, six air inlets are arranged at the bottom of a forming tool, and one air outlet is arranged in the middle of an upper die cover plate. The workpiece is supported by the reinforced tray, the covered surface of the workpiece is not more than 30% of the outer surface of the workpiece, the workpiece is placed in the tooling in a mode shown in figure 2, and the distance between the workpiece and the cavity of the tooling is more than 30 mm. The air outlet of the forming tool is connected with a recovery system, and the middle of the forming tool is connected with a pressure gauge in a penetrating manner; the air inlet is connected with a nitrogen making machine, the nitrogen making machine is output in two paths, one output pipeline is provided with heating equipment and then is connected with four uniformly distributed air inlets; one output pipeline is directly connected with two symmetrical air inlets. And (3) carrying out phenolic gel reaction on the heat-proof and insulation part, continuously heating to 180 ℃, keeping the temperature for 24h, monitoring a pressure set value, and once the pressure is higher than the set value, starting four air inlets and a vacuum system to ensure that the pressure value is fixed. If the temperature alarm occurs, opening a preset air inlet, and introducing nitrogen below the room temperature for cooling. The alarm monitoring temperature is set to 200 ℃, and the nitrogen cooling protection plan is not started in the preparation process.
In this embodiment, nitrogen is used for oxygen isolation and temperature reduction, and those skilled in the art will appreciate that other inert gases, such as argon, helium or carbon dioxide, may be used as the substitute gas for oxygen isolation and temperature reduction during the forming process.
The above description is only for the best mode of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the invention may be practiced without these specific details.
Claims (10)
1. A temperature control device for the forming process of a large-size curved surface revolving body heat-proof material is characterized by comprising an inert gas generating device, a forming tool, a vacuum system, gas parameter monitoring equipment and temperature monitoring equipment;
the forming tool is a sealed cavity, and a tray for bearing heat-proof materials is arranged in the forming tool; four paths of air inlets are uniformly distributed at the bottom of the forming tool along the circumferential direction and used for introducing inert gas with the same resin reaction temperature as that of the internal heat-insulating material preventing and insulating material forming process; avoiding four air inlets at the bottom of the forming tool, symmetrically arranging two pre-arranged air inlets along the circumferential direction, and introducing inert gas lower than room temperature to separate oxygen and reduce temperature when over-temperature occurs; an air outlet is formed in the middle of the upper surface of the forming tool;
the inert gas generating device is output in two paths, and one output pipeline is provided with heating equipment and then is connected with four uniformly arranged gas inlets; the other path is connected with two paths of preplan air inlets symmetrically;
the gas outlet is connected with the vacuum system, and gas parameter monitoring equipment is arranged between the gas outlet and the vacuum system to monitor gas parameters including gas pressure, flow rate or content of reaction products;
the temperature monitoring equipment is used for monitoring the temperature condition of the heat-insulating material in the forming tool in the heating process.
2. The temperature control device for the forming process of the large-size curved surface rotator thermal insulation preventing material according to claim 1, wherein a metal groove cavity for fixing the thermocouple is prefabricated in a sealing cavity of a forming tool, so that a temperature measuring point of the thermocouple is close to the surface of the thermal insulation preventing material.
3. The temperature control device in the molding process of the large-size curved surface rotation body thermal insulation preventing material according to claim 2, wherein a temperature measuring point covering a longitudinal distance and a circumferential direction is provided according to a height size and a circumferential direction size of the thermal insulation preventing material; the distance between the temperature measuring point and the surface of the workpiece is not more than 30mm and not less than 5 mm.
4. The temperature control device for the forming process of the large-size curved surface rotator thermal insulation preventing material according to claim 2, wherein the position where the heat flow of the large-size curved surface rotator thermal insulation preventing material is most concentrated and the temperature reaches a high temperature value first is used as an alarm monitoring temperature point, and after the temperature of the alarm monitoring temperature point exceeds a set threshold value, two paths of plan air inlets which are symmetrically arranged are opened, and inert gas lower than room temperature is introduced.
5. The temperature control device for the forming process of the large-size curved surface rotator thermal insulation preventing material according to claim 1, wherein the inert gas is argon or helium.
6. The temperature control device for the forming process of the large-size curved surface rotator thermal insulation preventing material according to claim 2, wherein before heating is started, the valve of the air outlet is opened, the valve of the vacuum system is opened, the inside of the forming tool is vacuumized, and then the vacuum system is closed; when the gas parameters exceed the set range in the heating process, opening four uniformly arranged gas inlets to introduce inert gas, opening a vacuum system to extract gas, and closing the four gas inlets and closing the vacuum system until the gas parameters are normal.
7. The temperature control device for the forming process of the large-size curved surface rotator thermal insulation preventing material according to claim 6, wherein the gas parameter ranges are as follows: the set range of the gas pressure is 0.008-0.05 MPa; the setting range of the gas flow rate is a positive speed value; the reaction product content is set within a range in which the content value fluctuates.
8. The temperature control device for the forming process of the large-size curved surface rotation body heat insulation preventing material according to claim 1, wherein the tray has a hollow structure, and the heat insulation preventing material covers not more than 30% of the outer surface.
9. The temperature control method by using the temperature control device in the forming process of the large-size curved surface rotator thermal insulation preventing material according to claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: connecting the gas outlet with a vacuum system, and installing gas parameter monitoring equipment between the gas outlet and the vacuum system; one output pipeline of the inert gas generating device is provided with heating equipment and then is connected with four uniformly arranged gas inlets; the other path is connected with two paths of preplan air inlets symmetrically;
step 2: opening a vacuum system, opening a gas outlet valve, and vacuumizing; after vacuumizing, closing the vacuum system and maintaining a vacuum environment;
and step 3: the heat-proof material starts to be heated or starts to be dried, and gas is generated in the heating or drying process;
when the gas parameters exceed the set range in the heating or drying process, opening four uniformly arranged gas inlets to introduce inert gas, opening a vacuum system to extract gas, and closing the four gas inlets and closing the vacuum system until the gas parameters are normal;
after the temperature monitored by the alarm monitoring temperature point exceeds a set threshold, two symmetrically arranged pre-arranged scheme air inlets are opened, and inert gas lower than room temperature is introduced until the temperature of the alarm monitoring temperature point meets the threshold requirement;
and 4, after the reaction is finished, naturally cooling to room temperature, disconnecting the air outlet and the air inlet, and taking out the heat-proof material.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the temperature threshold is (T ™)2-T1)p+T1Wherein T is1The gel reaction temperature or the solvent drying temperature of the resin used; t is2The p is 10-60% of the cracking temperature of the resin.
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