CN110019613A - The Feature line extracting method that a kind of water simulation and double TPI parametric methods combine - Google Patents
The Feature line extracting method that a kind of water simulation and double TPI parametric methods combine Download PDFInfo
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- CN110019613A CN110019613A CN201711191820.3A CN201711191820A CN110019613A CN 110019613 A CN110019613 A CN 110019613A CN 201711191820 A CN201711191820 A CN 201711191820A CN 110019613 A CN110019613 A CN 110019613A
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of extracting method of Feature line.The described method includes: carrying out down-sampled processing when extracting ridge line to the data of collected digital elevation model, obtaining sparse terrain data；According to the sparse terrain data, watershed line is extracted using earth's surface water simulation analytic approach；The watershed line is matched on the digital elevation model, and sets a neighborhood around the watershed line；The ridge point being located at other than the watershed line in the neighborhood is marked, the extension shaped area of the watershed line is obtained；According to the terrain data of the extension shaped area, the watershed line is modified.The present invention can be improved the accuracy for extracting result.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to digital Terrain Analysis technical field more particularly to the extracting methods and dress of a kind of Feature line
It sets.
Background technique
Ridge line, valley route are the Feature lines that two classes are important in geography research, they have one to landform, landforms
Fixed control action.They and mountain top point, the lowest point point and saddle point etc. together form the skeleton of landform and its fluctuations
Structure.Therefore, in digital Terrain Analysis, the extraction and analysis of ridge line and valley route are necessary.
From extraction ridge line and mountain valley in regular grid digital elevation model (Digital Elevation Model, DEM)
Line is always a research hotspot, and main method includes method and earth's surface water simulation point based on local landform geometrical characteristic
Analysis method, wherein the basic thought that earth's surface water simulation analytic approach extracts Feature line is:, will by calculating cumulant of converging
The grid point that confluence cumulant is zero extracts, so that it may watershed line is obtained, using watershed line as ridge line；For mountain valley
Line, extracts the ridge line of anti-landform, just obtains the valley route of original place shape at the characteristics of can use anti-landform.
But in practical application inventors have found that earth's surface water simulation analytic approach extract Feature line usually not
It is a line, but a range areas, it is not inconsistent with actual ridge line, valley route, therefore extract result inaccuracy.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the present invention provides the extracting method and device of a kind of Feature line, it can be improved and extract result
Accuracy.
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a kind of extracting method of Feature line, it is suitable for extracting ridge line, comprising:
Down-sampled processing is carried out to the data of collected digital elevation model, obtains sparse terrain data；
According to the sparse terrain data, watershed line is extracted using earth's surface water simulation analytic approach；
The watershed line is matched on the digital elevation model, and sets a neighborhood around the watershed line；
The ridge point being located at other than the watershed line in the neighborhood is marked, the extension of the watershed line is obtained
Shaped area；
According to the terrain data of the extension shaped area, the watershed line is modified.
Optionally, the terrain data according to the extension shaped area, is modified the watershed line and includes:
According to the height value in the extension shaped area, ridge point on watershed line described in the window calculation with setting
Topographical position index TPI and root mean square height value SD；
Compare the value of TPI and SD, if TPI > SD, extracts the ridge point.
Second aspect, the present invention provide a kind of extracting method of Feature line, are suitable for extracting valley route, comprising:
Calculate the anti-relief model of collected digital elevation model；
Down-sampled processing is carried out to the data of the anti-relief model, obtains sparse anti-terrain data；
According to the sparse anti-terrain data, watershed line is extracted using earth's surface water simulation analytic approach；
The watershed line is matched on the anti-relief model, and sets a neighborhood around the watershed line；
The ridge point being located at other than the watershed line in the neighborhood is marked, the extension of the watershed line is obtained
Shaped area；
According to the terrain data of the extension shaped area, the watershed line is modified.
Optionally, the terrain data according to the extension shaped area, is modified the watershed line and includes:
According to the height value in the extension shaped area, ridge point on watershed line described in the window calculation with setting
Topographical position index TPI and root mean square height value SD；
Compare the value of TPI and SD, if TPI > SD, extracts the ridge point.
The third aspect, the present invention provide a kind of extraction element of Feature line, are suitable for extracting ridge line, comprising:
First down-sampled module carries out down-sampled processing for the data to collected digital elevation model, obtains dilute
Thin terrain data；
First extraction module, for being extracted and being divided using earth's surface water simulation analytic approach according to the sparse terrain data
Waterline；
First setting module, for the watershed line to be matched to the digital elevation model, and in the watershed line
Surrounding sets a neighborhood；
First mark module is obtained for the ridge point being located at other than the watershed line in the neighborhood to be marked
To the extension shaped area of the watershed line；
First correction module is modified the watershed line for the terrain data according to the extension shaped area.
Optionally, first correction module includes:
First computing unit, for according to the height value in the extension shaped area, described in the window calculation with setting
The topographical position index TPI and root mean square height value SD of ridge point on watershed line；
First comparing unit, for comparing the value of TPI and SD；
First extraction unit, for extracting the ridge point as TPI > SD.
Fourth aspect, the present invention provide a kind of extraction element of Feature line, are suitable for extracting valley route, comprising:
Anti- landform module, for calculating the anti-relief model of collected digital elevation model；
Second down-sampled module carries out down-sampled processing for the data to the anti-relief model, obtains sparse anti-
Terrain data；
Second extraction module, for being extracted using earth's surface water simulation analytic approach according to the sparse anti-terrain data
Watershed line；
Second setting module, for the watershed line to be matched to the anti-relief model, and in the watershed line week
Enclose one neighborhood of setting；
Second mark module is obtained for the ridge point being located at other than the watershed line in the neighborhood to be marked
To the extension shaped area of the watershed line；
Second correction module is modified the watershed line for the terrain data according to the extension shaped area.
Optionally, second correction module includes:
Second computing unit, for according to the height value in the extension shaped area, described in the window calculation with setting
The topographical position index TPI and root mean square height value SD of ridge point on watershed line；
Second comparing unit, for comparing the value of TPI and SD；
Second extraction unit, for extracting the ridge point as TPI > SD.
The extracting method and device of Feature line provided by the invention are respectively used to extract ridge line and valley route,
On the basis of the watershed line that earth's surface water simulation analytic approach is extracted, optimization is modified to watershed line using TPI and SD, is overcome
Extract the result is that closed curve rather than the problem of lines, can be improved the accuracy for extracting result, for accurate understanding landform
Feature is of great significance.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that the extracting method for the Feature line that one embodiment of the invention provides extracts the flow chart of ridge line；
Fig. 2 a is a kind of extraction result schematic diagram that ridge line is extracted using earth's surface water simulation analytic approach；
Fig. 2 b is a kind of extraction result schematic diagram that ridge line is extracted using method provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 be another embodiment of the present invention provides Feature line extracting method extract valley route flow chart；
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of the extraction element for the Feature line that one embodiment of the invention provides；
Fig. 5 is the structural schematic diagram of the first correction module in Fig. 4；
Fig. 6 be another embodiment of the present invention provides Feature line extraction element structural schematic diagram；
Fig. 7 is the structural schematic diagram of the second correction module in Fig. 6.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention
In attached drawing, technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is only
It is only a part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, ordinary skill
Personnel's every other embodiment obtained without making creative work, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of extracting method of Feature line, is suitable for extracting ridge line, as shown in Figure 1,
The described method includes:
S11, down-sampled processing is carried out to the data of collected digital elevation model, obtains sparse terrain data.
It needs illustratively, the digital elevation model that the embodiment of the present invention is used all is high-precision.
S12, according to sparse terrain data, watershed line is extracted using earth's surface water simulation analytic approach.
It specifically includes:
1) sparse terrain data is pre-processed, including rejects recess, filling depression, mistake can be prevented
Water (flow) direction.
2) according to pretreated terrain data, the water (flow) direction of each grid point is calculated separately.Calculation method is: using
The window of 3X3 successively calculates the value of slope in 8 directions of current grid point, and the gradient is selected to decline maximum direction as current
The water (flow) direction of grid point.
3) after obtaining water (flow) direction, the confluence cumulant of each grid point is successively calculated from high to low.Calculation method is: false
If each grid point has a unit water in original state, according to water (flow) direction, successively counted from high to low according to height value
The confluence cumulant of each grid point is calculated, wherein the confluence maximum grid point of cumulant is the destination node of charge for remittance line.
4) from the destination node of the charge for remittance line in a region, other points on this bar charge for remittance line are found.Finding method is:
Using the destination node of this bar charge for remittance line as starting point, a point is found in surrounding adjacent domain, this point needs to meet condition: should
The confluence cumulant of point is needed much larger than other all the points in addition to the point being determined as on this bar charge for remittance line, specific to determine
Standard can according to need setting.If finding the point of the condition of satisfaction, which is added this bar charge for remittance line, and be with the point
Point continually looks for other points for meeting condition.If can not find one around the destination node of this bar charge for remittance line meets above-mentioned condition
Point, then this charge for remittance line searching finish.
5) according to the method for step 4), the charge for remittance line of all areas is found.If the destination node of the charge for remittance line of all areas
It all finds and finishes, then all charge for remittance line searchings finish.
6) after obtaining all charge for remittance lines, the boundary of watershed is exactly the watershed line extracted.The determination method of watershed line is:
All charge for remittance lines form watershed and determine all points for flowing to the watershed according to water (flow) direction, these point compositions one
Point set, which is watershed line, it can be seen that watershed line is the curve of a closure.
The watershed line for using earth's surface water simulation analytic approach to extract is that the value of a ridge point is 1, and values of other points are 0
Normal grid figure.
S13, watershed line is matched on digital elevation model, and sets a neighborhood around watershed line.
S14, the ridge point being located at other than watershed line set in neighborhood is marked, obtains the extension landform of watershed line
Region.
In setting neighborhood, judge other than the ridge point on watershed line, if it is worth the point for being 1 there is also other,
That is ridge point, if it does, the point is marked.By such method, available watershed line and its setting neighborhood
Shaped area, i.e. the extension shaped area of watershed line.The purpose being extended is to judge that earth's surface water simulation analytic approach is extracted
Characteristic point around watershed line obtains a computer capacity, to be modified in the computer capacity to watershed line, realize compared with
High computational efficiency.
S15, according to extension shaped area terrain data, watershed line is modified.
According to the height value in extension shaped area, the topographical position index TPI and root mean square of extension shaped area are calculated
Height value SD is modified watershed line using double TPI parametric methods.
Specifically, according to the height value in extension shaped area, divide water with window (such as window of the 3X3) calculating of setting
Topographical position index TPI and root mean square height value SD of the ridge point relative to the window on line, if TPI > SD,
Illustrate that the ridge point is the raised points on ridge, if-SD≤TPI≤SD, illustrates that the ridge point is located on ridge
Level land point illustrate that the ridge point is the depression points on the ridge if TPI <-SD.
Revised watershed line, we only extract the raised points being located on ridge, to eliminate the level land point on ridge
With the depression points on ridge, using revised watershed line as ridge line, accuracy is higher.
The extracting method of Feature line provided in an embodiment of the present invention, when extracting ridge line, in earth's surface water simulation point
On the basis of the watershed line that analysis method is extracted, optimization is modified to watershed line using TPI and SD, overcomes extraction the result is that closure
Curve rather than the problem of lines, can be improved the accuracy for extracting result, there is important meaning for accurate understanding features of terrain
Justice.
In order to more intuitively embody improvement effect of the invention, illustrated with extracting an example of ridge line.Fig. 2 a
To extract a kind of extraction result schematic diagram when ridge line using earth's surface water simulation analytic approach, Fig. 2 b is provides using the present invention
A kind of extraction result schematic diagram of extracting method when extracting ridge line, the digital elevation model that the two uses is identical.
It is extracted twice as a result, the lines for extracting result attenuate it can be found that Fig. 2 b is compared to Fig. 2 a by superposition comparison.This
It is ridge line to be obtained to calculate watershed line due to earth's surface water simulation analytic approach, and the watershed line being calculated is not usually one
Bar line, but a range areas.Optimization is modified to watershed line using TPI and SD, the protrusion in point water area can be obtained
Point, as accurate ridge line, therefore lines attenuate.Meanwhile correcting optimization and having excluded certain yet is not main ridge line
Small watershed line keeps extraction result more accurate.
The embodiment of the present invention also provides a kind of extracting method of Feature line, is suitable for extracting valley route, such as Fig. 3 institute
Show, comprising:
S21, the anti-relief model for calculating collected digital elevation model；
S22, down-sampled processing is carried out to the data of the anti-relief model, obtains sparse anti-terrain data；
S23, according to the sparse anti-terrain data, watershed line is extracted using earth's surface water simulation analytic approach；
S24, the watershed line is matched on the anti-relief model, and sets a neighbour around the watershed line
Domain；
S25, the ridge point being located at other than the watershed line in the neighborhood is marked, obtains the watershed line
Extend shaped area；
S26, according to it is described extension shaped area terrain data, the watershed line is modified.
As can be seen that the process for extracting valley route is similar with ridge line is extracted, it is only necessary to the characteristics of utilizing anti-landform, according to
Anti- relief model extracts ridge line using earth's surface water simulation analytic approach, and is modified optimization to ridge line.Mountain after optimization
Crestal line is the valley route of original place shape.Specific extraction process and makeover process have been discussed in detail when extracting ridge line, because
This is repeated no more.
The extracting method of Feature line provided in an embodiment of the present invention, when extracting valley route, in earth's surface water simulation point
On the basis of the watershed line that analysis method is extracted, optimization is modified to watershed line using TPI and SD, overcomes extraction the result is that closure
Curve rather than the problem of lines, can be improved the accuracy for extracting result, there is important meaning for accurate understanding features of terrain
Justice.
The embodiment of the present invention also provides a kind of extraction element of Feature line, as shown in figure 4, described device is suitable for mentioning
Take ridge line, comprising:
First down-sampled module 41 carries out down-sampled processing for the data to collected digital elevation model, obtains
Sparse terrain data；
First extraction module 42, for dividing water using the extraction of earth's surface water simulation analytic approach according to sparse terrain data
Line；
First setting module 43 for the watershed line to be matched to the digital elevation model, and divides water described
A neighborhood is set around line；
First mark module 44, for the ridge point being located at other than the watershed line in the neighborhood to be marked,
Obtain the extension shaped area of the watershed line；
First correction module 45 repairs the watershed line for the terrain data according to the extension shaped area
Just.
Further, as shown in figure 5, the first correction module 45 includes:
First computing unit 451, for according to it is described extension shaped area in height value, with the window calculation institute of setting
State the topographical position index TPI and root mean square height value SD of the ridge point on watershed line；
First comparing unit 452, for comparing the value of TPI and SD；
First extraction unit 453, for extracting the ridge point as TPI > SD.
The extraction element of Feature line provided in an embodiment of the present invention, when extracting ridge line, in earth's surface water simulation point
On the basis of the watershed line that analysis method is extracted, optimization is modified to watershed line using TPI and SD, overcomes extraction the result is that closure
Curve rather than the problem of lines, can be improved the accuracy for extracting result, there is important meaning for accurate understanding features of terrain
Justice.
The embodiment of the present invention also provides a kind of extraction element of Feature line, as shown in fig. 6, described device is suitable for mentioning
Take valley route, comprising:
Anti- landform module 61, for calculating the anti-relief model of collected digital elevation model；
Second down-sampled module 62 carries out down-sampled processing for the data to the anti-relief model, obtains sparse
Anti- terrain data；
Second extraction module 63, for being mentioned using earth's surface water simulation analytic approach according to the sparse anti-terrain data
Take watershed line；
Second setting module 64, for the watershed line to be matched to the anti-relief model, and in the watershed line
Surrounding sets a neighborhood；
Second mark module 65, for the ridge point being located at other than the watershed line in the neighborhood to be marked,
Obtain the extension shaped area of the watershed line；
Second correction module 66 repairs the watershed line for the terrain data according to the extension shaped area
Just.
Further, as shown in fig. 7, the second correction module 66 includes:
Second computing unit 661, for according to it is described extension shaped area in height value, with the window calculation institute of setting
State the topographical position index TPI and root mean square height value SD of the ridge point on watershed line；
Second comparing unit 662, for comparing the value of TPI and SD；
Second extraction unit 663, for extracting the ridge point as TPI > SD.
The extraction element of Feature line provided in an embodiment of the present invention, when extracting valley route, in earth's surface water simulation point
On the basis of the watershed line that analysis method is extracted, optimization is modified to watershed line using TPI and SD, overcomes extraction the result is that closure
Curve rather than the problem of lines, can be improved the accuracy for extracting result, there is important meaning for accurate understanding features of terrain
Justice.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that realizing all or part of the process in above-described embodiment method, being can be with
Relevant hardware is instructed to complete by computer program, the program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium
In, the program is when being executed, it may include such as the process of the embodiment of above-mentioned each method.Wherein, the storage medium can be magnetic
Dish, CD, read-only memory (Read-Only Memory, ROM) or random access memory (Random Access
Memory, RAM) etc..
The above description is merely a specific embodiment, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, any
In the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by those familiar with the art, all answers
It is included within the scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope in claims.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of extracting method of Feature line is suitable for extracting ridge line characterized by comprising
Down-sampled processing is carried out to the data of collected digital elevation model, obtains sparse terrain data；
According to the sparse terrain data, watershed line is extracted using earth's surface water simulation analytic approach；
The watershed line is matched on the digital elevation model, and sets a neighborhood around the watershed line；
The ridge point being located at other than the watershed line in the neighborhood is marked, the extension landform of the watershed line is obtained
Region；
According to the terrain data of the extension shaped area, the watershed line is modified.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein it is described according to it is described extension shaped area terrain data,
The watershed line is modified and includes:
According to the height value in the extension shaped area, the landform of the ridge point on watershed line described in the window calculation with setting
Location index TPI and root mean square height value SD；
Compare the value of TPI and SD, if TPI > SD, extracts the ridge point.
3. a kind of extracting method of Feature line is suitable for extracting valley route characterized by comprising
Calculate the anti-relief model of collected digital elevation model；
Down-sampled processing is carried out to the data of the anti-relief model, obtains sparse anti-terrain data；
According to the sparse anti-terrain data, watershed line is extracted using earth's surface water simulation analytic approach；
The watershed line is matched on the anti-relief model, and sets a neighborhood around the watershed line；
The ridge point being located at other than the watershed line in the neighborhood is marked, the extension landform of the watershed line is obtained
Region；
According to the terrain data of the extension shaped area, the watershed line is modified.
4. according to the method described in claim 3, it is characterized in that, it is described according to it is described extension shaped area terrain data,
The watershed line is modified and includes:
According to the height value in the extension shaped area, the landform of the ridge point on watershed line described in the window calculation with setting
Location index TPI and root mean square height value SD；
Compare the value of TPI and SD, if TPI > SD, extracts the ridge point.
5. a kind of extraction element of Feature line is suitable for extracting ridge line characterized by comprising
First down-sampled module carries out down-sampled processing for the data to collected digital elevation model, obtains sparse
Terrain data；
First extraction module, for extracting watershed line using earth's surface water simulation analytic approach according to the sparse terrain data；
First setting module, for the watershed line to be matched to the digital elevation model, and around the watershed line
Set a neighborhood；
First mark module obtains institute for the ridge point being located at other than the watershed line in the neighborhood to be marked
State the extension shaped area of watershed line；
First correction module is modified the watershed line for the terrain data according to the extension shaped area.
6. device according to claim 5, which is characterized in that first correction module includes:
First computing unit, for dividing water described in the window calculation with setting according to the height value in the extension shaped area
The topographical position index TPI and root mean square height value SD of ridge point on line；
First comparing unit, for comparing the value of TPI and SD；
First extraction unit, for extracting the ridge point as TPI > SD.
7. a kind of extraction element of Feature line is suitable for extracting valley route characterized by comprising
Anti- landform module, for calculating the anti-relief model of collected digital elevation model；
Second down-sampled module carries out down-sampled processing for the data to the anti-relief model, obtains sparse anti-landform
Data；
Second extraction module, for dividing water using the extraction of earth's surface water simulation analytic approach according to the sparse anti-terrain data
Line；
Second setting module for the watershed line to be matched to the anti-relief model, and is set around the watershed line
A fixed neighborhood；
Second mark module obtains institute for the ridge point being located at other than the watershed line in the neighborhood to be marked
State the extension shaped area of watershed line；
Second correction module is modified the watershed line for the terrain data according to the extension shaped area.
8. device according to claim 7, which is characterized in that second correction module includes:
Second computing unit, for dividing water described in the window calculation with setting according to the height value in the extension shaped area
The topographical position index TPI and root mean square height value SD of ridge point on line；
Second comparing unit, for comparing the value of TPI and SD；
Second extraction unit, for extracting the ridge point as TPI > SD.
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