CN110018564A - A kind of optical imaging system of the big field depth extending in wavefront coded space - Google Patents
A kind of optical imaging system of the big field depth extending in wavefront coded space Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of optical imaging system of the big field depth extending of optical lens imaging suite unit and wavefront coded space; the optical lens imaging suite unit includes odd times phase coding plate (1) and objective lens (2); objective lens are made of seven simple lenses, are arranged successively towards detector protection glass window (3) along optical axis；The odd times phase coding plate is located at the outermost of the optical lens imaging suite unit, one side outwardly is plane, and another side is free form surface, the face type of the free form surface are as follows: Z (X, Y)=AX3+BXY3+CX2Y+DY3, wherein A=9.8576 × 10‑3, B=2.1324 × e‑5, C=2.1324 × e‑5, D=9.8576 × 10‑3.The depth of field of camera imaging can be greatly expanded, range is expanded to from 5m~110km；Only increase by a coding eyeglass in camera optics camera lens side, electronic circuit increases relative decoding and applies algorithm, volume, weight, power consumption cost are smaller, and mechanical focusing is not necessarily to during distance change, it is delayed small, the realization for being conducive to guide control algolithm, Attack Defence, automatic Pilot field under high motor-driven scene have stronger application prospect.
Description
Technical field
Expand visible light optical system scape using optical design and the united method of calculating optical the present invention relates to a kind of
Deep optical imaging system and method more particularly to a kind of expand visible light optical system scape using wave-front coding imaging technology
The optical imaging system and method for deep continuation.
Background technique
In recent years, as the continuous upgrading of detector device and various applications are constantly mentioned to what detection system required
Height, higher requirements are also raised for performance and optimization design to visible light optical system.Visible-light detector under normal circumstances
Receiving area it is smaller, the depth of field of general visible light optical system is less big.Such as prior art CN106324832A,
CN106199956A, CN204719330U etc. exist in the biggish situation of visual field, correspond to big defect of having no good depth of field.Cause
This, it is imperative to need to find a kind of depth of field that suitable system and method carry out further expansion visible light optical system.
Particularly, visual light imaging device uses high reliablity, the simple fixed-focus imager of mechanism on satellite, to avoid focusing
Focusing response delay brought by mechanism.On the fixed-focus camera of high reliablity, realize that intelligent recognition is appointed with Minimum-time cost
Business, meets blur-free imaging requirement no-delay under high maneuvering condition, is to be difficult to ensure for traditional fixed-focus optical system
's.
Intend in fixed-focus optical system, the calculating optical scheme prolonged is opened up using the depth of field.On the eyeglass of optical system, use
The mode of optical manufacturing adds the phase mask of wavefront modification, to not change in the simply traditional fixed-focus camera of mechanism
Under the premise of original Optical System Design, depth of field extension is realized by means of the method for calculating optical, is realized on satellite real-time, quickly
Decoding process, and then guarantee real-time blur-free imaging in big field depth.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above technical problems in background technology, the invention patent, which provides, a kind of is not changing fixed-focus
Under the premise of camera optical system, imaging sensor hardware condition, hyperfocal distance (5m to 110km, relative to original burnt system is realized
The focal-depth expanding of system is about 39 times) blur-free imaging method and coded optical system design.
The present invention provides a kind of optical imaging systems of wavefront coded big field depth extending in space, including optical lens to be imaged
Assembled unit, wherein the optical lens imaging suite unit includes odd times phase coding plate (1) and objective lens (2), and feature exists
In: the objective lens (2) are by the first simple lens (L1), the second simple lens (L2), third simple lens (L3), the 4th simple lens
(L4), the 5th simple lens (L5), the 6th simple lens (L6) and the 7th simple lens (L7) composition, wherein the odd times phase coding
Plate (1), first simple lens (L1), second simple lens (L2), the third simple lens (L3), the 4th simple lens
(L4), the 5th simple lens (L5), the 6th simple lens (L6) and the 7th simple lens (L7) are protected towards detector
Glass window (3) is arranged successively along optical axis；The odd times phase coding plate (1) is located at the optical lens imaging suite unit most
Outside, one side outwardly are plane, and one side in addition is free form surface；First simple lens (L1) of the objective lens (2)
One side towards the odd times phase coding plate (1) is convex surface, and in addition one side is concave surface；Second simple lens (L2) is biconvex
Lens；The third simple lens (L3) is meniscus lens, and the one side towards the odd times phase coding plate (1) is convex surface, separately
Outer one side is concave surface；4th simple lens (L4) is biconvex lens；5th simple lens (L5) is biconcave lens；Described
Six simple lenses (L6) are meniscus lens, and the one side towards the odd times phase coding plate (1) is concave surface, and in addition one side is convex surface；
The one side of 7th simple lens (L7) towards the odd times phase coding plate (1) is convex surface, and in addition one side is concave surface.
Preferably, the face type of the other free form surface of the odd times phase coding plate (1) are as follows: Z (X,
Y)=AX3+BXY2+CX2Y+DY3, in which: A=9.8576 × 10-3, B=2.1324 × e-5, C=2.1324 × e-5, D=
9.8576×10-3。
Preferably, the norm radius (Norm radius) of the odd times phase coding plate (1) is 20mm.
Preferably, the surface test PV/Rms of the one side outwardly of the odd times phase coding plate (1) is
0.5um/60nm。
Preferably, the aperture diaphragm of the objective lens (2) is located on the convex surface of first simple lens (L1).
Preferably, the free form surface of the odd times phase coding plate (1) abuts aperture diaphragm face on one side.
Preferably, the optical parameter of each lens of the objective lens meets following table:
Preferably, the optical parameter of the optical lens imaging suite unit meets following condition:
Wave band: 0.45 μm~0.75 μm,
F/#:6,
Focal length: 127mm ± 2mm,
Visual field: (6 ± 0.1) ° × (6 ± 0.1) °,
Transmitance: τ >=0.8,
Image quality (20 DEG C): as the ω of ω≤0.7 max, 76lp/mm, MTF surveys >=0.5；As ω > 0.7 ω max, 76lp/mm
When, MTF surveys >=0.45；
Without thermalization: in the range of 0 DEG C~40 DEG C, single pixel (6.5 6.5 μm of μ m) encircled energy is not less than 50%；
In the range of -40 DEG C~60 DEG C, single pixel (6.5 6.5 μm of μ m) encircled energy is not less than 45%；
Temperature-compensating mode: passive compensation；
Extinction ratio: it is not more than 1 × 10-5；
Detector: 2048 × 2048；
Pixel size: 6.5 μm.
Preferably, the odd times phase coding plate material is SP1516 resin material；
Preferably, the odd times phase coding plate with a thickness of 4mm.
Preferably, a kind of optical imaging system of the wavefront coded big field depth extending in space, in the range of 5m~110km
Blur-free imaging detection, and coded image is decoded, obtain the clear image limited under the visual field close to diffraction.
The present invention has the advantage that
1, introducing for wavefront coded (WFC) technology can be in the luminous flux and imaging resolution for guaranteeing visible light optical system
In the case where, realize the purpose of bigger depth of focus (depth of field), while astigmatism, spherical aberration, color difference can also be inhibited and missed by installation
Defocus bring aberration caused by difference and temperature change.
2, (a phase-only mask plate is only placed at optical system diaphragm) easy to operate, is not changing detector
Under the premise of pixel dimension, the purpose of super large depth of focus imaging is realized.
The system realizes that hyperfocal distance imaging is to be not only able to increase image using wavefront coded imaging mechanism as theoretical basis
The depth of field, and can eliminate traditional images amplification to local detail, such as the destruction of edge feature, be to wavefront coded imaging
The deep excavation of the potential characteristic of technology.
3, real time imagery, decoding algorithm is simple, and the electronics calculating process time is short, it can be achieved that real-time hyperfocal distance (depth of focus)
The purpose of imaging.
Pass through the verification experimental verification of the wavefront coded imaging systems of phase-plate three times.The result shows that this based on wavefront coded
The processing method of the hyperfocal distance imaging of mechanism is other than the focus point with great advantage in terms of the accurate description of image.
Detailed description of the invention
The optical texture of system after Fig. 1, addition odd times phase coding plate；
Fig. 2, it is imaged in different object distances Wavefront Coding system, wherein object distance 5m and 110km is shown respectively in Fig. 2 (a) and 2 (b)
The case where；
The coding MTF of Fig. 3, Wavefront Coding system, wherein the coding of object distance 5m and 110km is shown respectively in Fig. 3 (a) and 3 (b)
MTF situation；
The decoding MTF of Fig. 4, Wavefront Coding system；
Fig. 5, original optical system MTF, wherein the coding MTF feelings of object distance 5m and 110km are shown respectively in Fig. 5 (a) and 5 (b)
Condition；
Fig. 6, Wavefront Coding system encode PSF, and wherein volume when object distance is 5m and 110km is shown respectively in Fig. 6 (a) and 6 (b)
Code PSF situation；
Wave front chart at Fig. 7, Wavefront Coding system pupil, wherein Fig. 7 (a) and 7 (b) respectively correspond show object distance be 5m and
Wave front chart when 110km；
Fig. 8, Wavefront Coding system coded image, it is 5m and 110km that wherein Fig. 8 (a) and 8 (b), which is respectively corresponded and shown object distance,
When Wavefront Coding system coded image；
Original image at Fig. 9, system 5m；
Figure 10, Wavefront Coding system decode image, wherein Figure 10 (a) and 10 (b) respectively correspond show object distance be 5m and
Wavefront Coding system coded image when 110km；
Figure 11, coded image and decoding image comparison, wherein Figure 11 (a) and 11 (b) respectively correspond show object distance be 5m and
Former effect when 110km；Figure 11 (c) and 11 (d), which is respectively corresponded, shows improved effect when object distance is 5m and 110km；
Wavefront Coding system MTF under Figure 12, condition of different temperatures, wherein Figure 12 (a) and 12 (b) counterparts are away from for 5m, temperature
The case where when degree is respectively -40 DEG C and 60 DEG C；Figure 12 (c) and 12 (d) counterparts are away from being respectively -40 DEG C and 60 of 110km, temperature
DEG C when the case where.
Specific embodiment
A kind of optical imaging system of the big field depth extending in wavefront coded space, including optical lens imaging suite unit,
In, optical lens imaging suite unit includes odd times phase coding plate 1 and objective lens 2；The objective lens 2 are by the first simple lens
L1, the second simple lens L2, third simple lens L3, the 4th simple lens L4, the 5th simple lens L5, the 6th simple lens L6 and the 7th are single thoroughly
Mirror L7 composition；Odd times phase coding plate 1, the first simple lens L1, the second simple lens L2, third simple lens L3, the 4th simple lens L4,
5th simple lens L5, the 6th simple lens L6 and the 7th simple lens L7 are arranged successively towards detector protection glass window 3 along optical axis；
Odd times phase coding plate 1 is located at outermost, and one side is plane outwardly, and in addition one side is free form surface；The first of objective lens 2 is single thoroughly
The one side of mirror L1 towards odd times phase coding plate 1 is convex surface, and in addition one side is concave surface；Second simple lens L2 is biconvex lens；The
Three simple lens L3 are meniscus lens, and the one side towards odd times phase coding plate 1 is convex surface, and in addition one side is concave surface；4th is single saturating
Mirror L4 is biconvex lens；5th simple lens L5 is biconcave lens；6th simple lens L6 is meniscus lens, towards odd times phase coding
The one side of plate 1 is concave surface, and in addition one side is convex surface；The one side of 7th simple lens L7 towards odd times phase coding plate 1 is convex surface, separately
Outer one side is concave surface.
2 aperture diaphragm of objective lens is located on the first convex surface simple lens L1, and 1 free form surface of odd times phase coding plate abuts on one side
Aperture diaphragm face.
The optical parameter of objective lens is as shown in table 1 below.
Table 1: the optical parameter of each lens of objective lens
(1) design and design parameter of odd times phase coding plate (i.e. phase-plate)
Odd times phase mask plate material selection SP1516 resin material, with a thickness of 4mm, the left side (front surface) is plane, right
Face (rear surface) face type are as follows: Z (X, Y)=AX3+BXY2+CX2Y+DY3, in which:
A=9.8576 × 10-3, B=2.1324 × e-5, C=2.1324 × e-5, D=9.8576 × 10-3。
Norm radius (Norm radius) is 10mm；The front surface test PV/Rms is 0.5um/60nm.
The relevant art parameter that odd times phase coding plate meets is respectively as follows:
The blur-free imaging depth of field: 5m~110km；
Wave band: 0.45 μm~0.75 μm；
F/#:6；
Focal length: 127mm ± 2mm；
Visual field: (6 ± 0.1) ° × (6 ± 0.1) °；
Image quality (20 DEG C): as the ω of ω≤0.7 max, 76lp/mm, MTF surveys >=0.5；As ω > 0.7 ω max, 76lp/mm
When, MTF surveys >=0.45；
Without thermalization: in the range of 0 DEG C~40 DEG C, single pixel (6.5 6.5 μm of μ m) encircled energy is not less than 50%；
In the range of -40 DEG C~60 DEG C, single pixel (6.5 6.5 μm of μ m) encircled energy is not less than 45%；
Detector: 2048 × 2048；
Pixel size: 6.5 μm.
System structure after adding the optimization of odd times phase coding plate is as shown in Figure 1, added odd times phase coding plate
Coded faces are located at the front surface in the first eyeglass of the image side of the pupil of optical imaging system, and phase distribution is added directly to original
In the lens of beginning, do not increase optical element.
(2) design of depth of field scalability and analysis
Fig. 2 is optical system structure of system under the conditions of different object distances after addition odd times phase coding plate.Left side in figure
First lens be odd times phase coding plate.
From Figure 2 it can be seen that light is no longer assembled in position of focal plane after addition odd times phase coding plate, this is because addition odd times
Phase coding plate is influenced caused by the modulation of wavefront, under normal circumstances, should in field depth divergence of beam degree it is identical.
1. modulation transfer function (MTF)
Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 is respectively Wavefront Coding system coding MTF and decoding MTF.Such as Fig. 3, encode MTF in object distance 5m and
Its amplitude of 110km is relatively low, and it is more to deviate diffraction limit, at this moment due to addition odd times phase coding plate after, system introduces certain
Optical aberration so that system transmission capacity decreases.But MTF is almost kept without frequency cutoff, and two object distance positions
Consistent amplitude distribution, it is meant that same filter can be used to be decoded the image of two object distance positions, obtain clear figure
Picture.The decoding MTF of Fig. 4 is obtained using the decoding filter decoding of 5m central vision MTF construction, two object distance positions,
Each visual field MTF is all close to diffraction limit, but there is certain oscillations, at this moment due to different object distances position MTF there are still
Nuance cause, but have no effect on its transmission capacity.
By Fig. 3 it is also found that object distance 5m and 110km coding MTF low frequency part consistency be not very well, this
It is to cause (defocus is about 3mm in position of focal plane) since the depth of field of system requirements is excessive, certain shadow will be generated to decoding image
It rings.But the MTF of design, without cut-off, has still reached the requirement of field depth in passband.
For the ease of comparing, Fig. 5 is MTF of the primal system in different object distances position that wavefront coding technology is not used.By
As can be seen that system is when the position low coverage 5m is imaged in figure, system imaging performance is seriously degenerated, which will cause image serious
It is fuzzy, target can not be differentiated.It is compared with the MTF of application wavefront coding technology, it is mostly set to demonstrate wavefront coding technology
The performance and technical indicator of meter systems extended depth-of-field.
2. point spread function (PSF)
Fig. 6 is that designed Wavefront Coding system encodes PSF, as can be seen from Figure, in different object distances, PSF
Asymmetric disperse has occurred, may determine that by coordinate dimension, disperse degree is almost the same, further embodies designed
The big depth of field performance of system.In addition, certain variation has occurred in PSF at 5m and the position PSF at 110km, due to PSF and wave
Preceding variation is related, can more clearly see this variation by the phase change of wavefront at pupil, as shown in Figure 7.It can by Fig. 7
See, in different object distance positions, Wave-front phase is distributed difference, the closer phase outline three times when object distance is 110km,
And object distance be 5m when certain deviation occurs, this is identical as the result of PSF.When carrying out image decoding using single position PSF,
Pseudomorphism to occur in decoding image, certain analysis will be carried out in image simulation.
3. coded image emulates
Coded image and decoding image are emulated, the big depth field imaging performance of system is verified.Coded image is by optics
Design software Zemax is obtained, and in simulation process, FFT grid number is 512, and detector pixel dimension is 6.5 μm, two direction samples
Number is respectively 5.PSF used in simulation process is the PSF that object distance is the position 110km, as shown in Fig. 6 (b).Fig. 8 is not jljl
Coded image away from position, for convenient for comparing, Fig. 9 gives primal system emulating image when object distance is 5m.As seen from Figure 8,
Coded image when object distance is 5m and 110km, which is presented, to be obscured, and disperse direction is identical as PSF disperse direction.
In addition, the degeneration of Wavefront Coding system image is not serious compared with emulating image at Fig. 9 primal system 5m, and its
It is approximate consistent in two object distance location fuzzies, image decoding can be realized by same filter in this way, obtain clear image.
4. decoding image simulation
Coded image is decoded using the 5m object distance position PSF of above-mentioned Fig. 6, decoding algorithm is that above-mentioned wiener is filtered
Wave, decoded image are as shown in Figure 10.Such as Figure 10, target is restored after being filtered, and sharpness of border is as it can be seen that but its presence
Certain pseudomorphism, this is because used PSF has a certain difference when actual emulation and decoding, and PSF is in different phases
There is also spatial variations characteristics for position for position, but this pseudomorphism can be eliminated in systems in practice, by the system PSF of actual measurement into
When row image decoding, by effective pseudomorphism inhibited in image.
Figure 11 is compared imaging effect of the former optical system at 5m, 110km with the improved effect of system,
It can be seen that the blur-free imaging ability for increasing the optical system of odd times phase plate is improved.
(3) wavefront decodes timeliness
Detecting its dynamic window covering pixel number is 512 × 512, and filtering is convolution process, when using Wiener,
Data calculation amount is as shown in the table.When use dsp chip ADSP-TS201 is to calculate core, 41 frame images of DSP parallel processing
Time is about 12.4ms；When being handled by GPU platform, the processing single-frame images time is about 7ms.
The Image Wiener filtering of table 2:512 × 512 deconvolutes data calculation amount
| Two-dimensional FFT | Matrix dot removes | Frequency domain data is added | The amount of calculation | |
| Multiplication number | 18×218 | 6×218 | 218 | 25×218 |
| Addition number | 36×218 | 6×218 | 218 | 43×218 |
In addition, to realize the image decoding under the conditions of dynamic window, it is necessary to using the PSF function at the window, by system
MTF curve can be seen that it is almost consistent in the response of each visual field, and system has space-invariance, therefore center view can be used
Field position PSF carries out image decoding, and decoding algorithm is identical, has no effect on its timeliness.But decode when must use actual measurement PSF into
Row image decoding can effectively ensure that the image quality of decoding image and the SNR of system.
(4) the wavefront coded thermal distoftion that disappears
It is -40 DEG C~60 DEG C that system operating temperatures range is required in technical indicator, by being under condition of different temperatures
System performance simulation, verifies the hot property of designed Wavefront Coding system.Since optical system temperature change often introduces defocus
Aberration, so, the Wavefront Coding system after adding odd times phase coding plate also has certain corrective action to the hot defocus of system.
MTF of the system in different temperatures can embody the hot property of system, analyze below the MTF under different temperatures.
Figure 12 is Wavefront Coding system MTF under condition of different temperatures, is compared with the MTF of above-mentioned emulation, in different temperatures item
Under part, only there is faint variation in MTF, in passband in-band frequency still without cut-off, can still be by so under room temperature
PSF restore different temperatures under coded image.The hot property of optical system wanted by the result verification technical indicator of MTF
It asks.
(5) conclusion
To sum up simulation result, wavefront coding technology can solve given system and detect in 5m~110km blur-free imaging, timeliness
Meet environment requirement with the performances such as thermal distoftion are eliminated, then coded image be decoded by digital image restoration method,
It can obtain the sharply defined image limited under the visual field close to diffraction.
Claims (11)
1. a kind of optical lens imaging suite unit, including odd times phase coding plate (1) and objective lens (2), it is characterised in that: institute
Objective lens (2) are stated by the first simple lens (L1), the second simple lens (L2), third simple lens (L3), the 4th simple lens (L4), the 5th
Simple lens (L5), the 6th simple lens (L6) and the 7th simple lens (L7) composition, wherein the odd times phase coding plate (1), described
It is first simple lens (L1), second simple lens (L2), the third simple lens (L3), the 4th simple lens (L4), described
5th simple lens (L5), the 6th simple lens (L6) and the 7th simple lens (L7) protect glass window towards detector
(3) it is arranged successively along optical axis；
The odd times phase coding plate (1) is located at the outermost of the optical lens imaging suite unit, and one side outwardly is plane,
In addition one side is free form surface；
The one side of first simple lens (L1) of the objective lens (2) towards the odd times phase coding plate (1) is convex surface, separately
Outer one side is concave surface；Second simple lens (L2) is biconvex lens；The third simple lens (L3) is meniscus lens, direction
The one side of the odd times phase coding plate (1) is convex surface, and in addition one side is concave surface；4th simple lens (L4) is lenticular
Mirror；5th simple lens (L5) is biconcave lens；6th simple lens (L6) is meniscus lens, towards odd times position phase
The one side of encoding board (1) is concave surface, and in addition one side is convex surface；7th simple lens (L7) is towards the odd times phase coding plate
(1) one side is convex surface, and in addition one side is concave surface.
2. a kind of optical lens imaging suite unit according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the odd times phase coding
Free-curved-surface-type described in plate (1) are as follows:
Z (X, Y)=AX3+BXY2+CX2Y+DY3, in which:
A=9.8576 × 10-3, B=2.1324 × e-5, C=2.1324 × e-5, D=9.8576 × 10-3。
3. a kind of optical lens imaging suite unit according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the odd times phase coding
The norm radius of plate (1) is 20mm.
4. a kind of optical lens imaging suite unit according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the odd times phase coding
The surface test PV/Rms of the one side outwardly of plate (1) is 0.5um/60nm.
5. a kind of optical lens imaging suite unit according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the objective lens (2)
Aperture diaphragm is located on the convex surface of first simple lens (L1).
6. a kind of optical lens imaging suite unit according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: the odd times phase coding
The free form surface of plate (1) abuts aperture diaphragm face on one side.
7. a kind of optical lens imaging suite unit according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the objective lens it is each
The optical parameter of mirror meets following table:
8. a kind of optical lens imaging suite unit according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the optical lens imaging group
The optical parameter for closing unit meets following condition:
The blur-free imaging depth of field: 5m~110km；
Wave band: 0.45 μm~0.75 μm；
F/#:6；
Focal length: 127mm ± 2mm；
Visual field: (6 ± 0.1) ° × (6 ± 0.1) °；
At 20 °C, image quality: as the ω of ω≤0.7 max, 76lp/mm, MTF surveys >=0.5；As 0.7 ω max of ω >,
When 76lp/mm, MTF surveys >=0.45；
Without thermalization: in the range of 0 DEG C~40 DEG C, when single pixel is 6.5 μm of 6.5 μ m, encircled energy is not less than 50%；
In the range of -40 DEG C~60 DEG C, when single pixel is 6.5 μm of 6.5 μ m, encircled energy is not less than 45%；
Detector: 2048 × 2048；
Pixel size: 6.5 μm.
9. a kind of optical lens imaging suite unit according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the odd times phase coding
The face type of free form surface described in plate (1) is shown in claim 2, and odd times phase coding plate material is SP1516 resin material,
With a thickness of 4mm.
10. a kind of optical imaging system of the big field depth extending in wavefront coded space, including optics described according to claim 1-9
Lens imaging assembled unit.
11. the optical imaging system according to claim 10, blur-free imaging is detected in the range of 5m~110km, and
Coded image is decoded, the clear image limited under the visual field close to diffraction is obtained.
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| CN110533607A (en) * | 2019-07-30 | 2019-12-03 | 北京威睛光学技术有限公司 | A kind of image processing method based on deep learning, device and electronic equipment |
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