CN110015901A - 自洁式煤矸石烧结透水砖的制备方法 - Google Patents
自洁式煤矸石烧结透水砖的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种自洁式煤矸石烧结透水砖的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:S1、氧化石墨烯/纳米TiO2复合乳液的制备、S2、物料混合陈化、S3、压制成型、S4、养护、S5、煅烧、S6、乳化和二次煅烧。本发明制备的自洁式煤矸石烧结透水砖具有透水率高、强度高、施工便捷,并具有蓄水和放湿调湿的功能,该自洁式煤矸石烧结透水砖具有光催化降解性能,能有效防止孔隙堵塞,缓解城市内涝,并且促进了工业固体废弃物的综合利用,具有较高的推广性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于工程建筑材料技术领域,特别是涉及一种适用于人行道、步行街和公园内道路;露天停车场、庭院和街巷的地面、公共广场等领域的自洁式煤矸石烧结透水砖的制备方法。
背景技术
近年来,随着城镇化进程加快,城市中心区被大量钢筋混凝土、花岗岩等密封材料覆盖,雨水不能迅速渗入地下,导致地表气温升高,形成“热岛效应”,偌城市排水设施不到位,暴雨时易引起内涝,给 人民生活带来极大不便。为了满足社会发展的需要,有助于推动海绵城市建设与发展的透水材料应运而生。透水砖是海绵城市建设重要的 透水材料之一,它具有强度高、透水性能良好、环保等优点,近年来在我国发展迅速。但普通的透水砖的空隙容易被雨水中的泥沙、污泥等杂质堵塞,从而大大降低透水砖的透水寿命。为此,研究具有自洁功能的自洁式透水砖是亟须攻克的难题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种透水率高、强度高、施工便捷,并具有蓄水和放湿调湿的功能的自洁式煤矸石烧结透水砖的制备方法,该自洁式煤矸石烧结透水砖具有光催化降解性能,能有效防止孔隙堵塞,缓解城市内涝,并且促进了工业固体废弃物的综合利用,具有较高的推广性。
本发明是这样实现的:
自洁式煤矸石烧结透水砖的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
S1、氧化石墨烯/纳米TiO2复合乳液的制备:(1)将氧化石墨烯缓慢分散于水中直至得到质量浓度为0.5mg/mL的氧化石墨烯分散液;(2)将吐温80与环已烷混合,向混合液中加入正丁醇,匀速搅拌30分钟,将混合液平均分为两份,其中一份加入氨水,得到溶液A;另一份加入浓度为0.8mol/L的TiOSO4水溶液,得到溶液B,在匀速搅拌的情况下,将溶液A缓慢加入溶液B中,搅拌1小时,再置于离心机中离心处理15-20分钟,取出沉淀物用去离子水洗涤,再将洗涤后的沉淀物与去离子水混合搅拌得到纳米TiO2乳液;(3)氧化石墨烯分散液与纳米TiO2乳液按照体积比1:2-3混合,制得氧化石墨烯/纳米TiO2复合乳液的制备;
S2、物料混合陈化:将煤矸石破碎、烘干后用球磨机研磨10-15分钟,过0.25mm筛网,将煤矸石与黏土按照质量比为7-8:2-3混合后加入搅拌机中,再加入膨胀珍珠岩,膨胀珍珠岩加入量为煤矸石与黏土总体积的60-70%,最后依次加入氧化锆纤维和激发剂,并加入适量的水搅拌均匀,将搅拌均匀的混合物料陈化50-70小时;
S3、压制成型:将陈化后的混合物料经搅拌机搅拌均匀后,入模压制成型,成型压力为15MPa;
S4、养护:脱模后将砖坯置于托板上自然干燥8小时,之后置于恒温干燥箱中,在105℃条件下烘干8-10小时至恒重;
S5、煅烧:将养护后的砖坯放入高温炉中进行煅烧,先在550℃下煅烧2-5小时,然后升温至1050℃-1100℃,升温速率50℃/h,煅烧40-45小时,得到透水砖;
S6、乳化和二次煅烧:用喷淋装置将氧化石墨烯/纳米TiO2复合乳液按照5-10mL/dm2的用量均匀地从透水砖表面的孔隙中喷入,通过渗透均匀分布在透水砖体内,将透水砖干燥处理后,进行二次煅烧,煅烧温度为500℃,保温时间20-30分钟,使纳米二氧化钛乳液转化为锐钛矿型纳米二氧化钛,得到自洁式煤矸石烧结透水砖。
进一步优选,所述S1中的吐温80、环已烷、正丁醇、氨水、TiOSO4水溶液与去离子水的体积比为1:4-5:0.6:0.5-1:0.5-1。
进一步优选,所述氧化锆纤维和激发剂的总加入量为膨胀珍珠岩、煤矸石和黏土总体积的0.5%-2%,所述氧化锆纤维和激发剂的重量比为1-2:1。
进一步优选,所述激发剂包括十二水硫酸铝钾、消石灰粉、硫酸铝和硅酸钠,十二水硫酸铝钾、消石灰粉、硫酸铝和硅酸钠的质量比为2-3:1:0.5:0.2。
进一步优选,所述膨胀珍珠岩粒径10-20目,密度为80kg/m3。
本发明突出的实质性特点和显著的进步是:
1、本发明自洁式煤矸石烧结透水砖通过科学配级,极大增加透水砖的透水率,透水系数达到0.4*10-2cm/s以上,采用的氧化石墨烯/纳米TiO2复合乳液在可见光照射下对有机污染物的降解效率较高,稳定性好,透水砖使用寿命长;采用氧化锆纤维和激发剂作为外加剂,能显著改善透水砖的改进效果明显,能明显提高透水砖的抗压强度,减少透水砖的收缩性和增强抗腐蚀性能。
2、本发明的自洁式煤矸石烧结透水砖的平均劈裂抗拉强度为4.01MPa,渗透系数为0.412*10-2cm/s,达到GB/T25993-2010《透水路面砖和透水路面板》的要求,而且自洁式煤矸石烧结透水砖具有良好的光催化性,以煤矸石和黏土为主要原料,变废为宝,促进了工业固体废弃物的综合利用。同时,采用的氧化石墨烯/纳米TiO2复合乳液具体良好的光催化性能有效防止孔隙堵塞,缓解城市内涝,具有较高的推广性。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作以下说明。
实施例1
自洁式煤矸石烧结透水砖的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
S1、氧化石墨烯/纳米TiO2复合乳液的制备:(1)将氧化石墨烯缓慢分散于水中直至得到质量浓度为0.5mg/mL的氧化石墨烯分散液;(2)将吐温80与环已烷混合,向混合液中加入正丁醇,匀速搅拌30分钟,将混合液平均分为两份,其中一份加入氨水,得到溶液A;另一份加入浓度为0.8mol/L的TiOSO4水溶液,得到溶液B,在匀速搅拌的情况下,将溶液A缓慢加入溶液B中,搅拌1小时,再置于离心机中离心处理15-20分钟,取出沉淀物用去离子水洗涤,再将洗涤后的沉淀物与去离子水混合搅拌得到纳米TiO2乳液;(3)氧化石墨烯分散液与纳米TiO2乳液按照体积比1:2-3混合,制得氧化石墨烯/纳米TiO2复合乳液的制备;
所述S1中的吐温80、环已烷、正丁醇、氨水、TiOSO4水溶液与去离子水的体积比为1:4:0.6:0.5:0.5;
S2、物料混合陈化:将煤矸石破碎、烘干后用球磨机研磨10-15分钟,过0.25mm筛网,将煤矸石与黏土按照质量比为7:2混合后加入搅拌机中,再加入膨胀珍珠岩,膨胀珍珠岩加入量为煤矸石与黏土总体积的60%,最后依次加入氧化锆纤维和激发剂,并加入适量的水搅拌均匀,将搅拌均匀的混合物料陈化50小时;
所述膨胀珍珠岩粒径10-20目,密度为80kg/m3;
所述氧化锆纤维和激发剂的总加入量为膨胀珍珠岩、煤矸石和黏土总体积的0.5%-2%,所述氧化锆纤维和激发剂的重量比为1:1;
所述激发剂包括十二水硫酸铝钾、消石灰粉、硫酸铝和硅酸钠,十二水硫酸铝钾、消石灰粉、硫酸铝和硅酸钠的质量比为2:1:0.5:0.2。
S3、压制成型:将陈化后的混合物料经搅拌机搅拌均匀后,入模压制成型,成型压力为15MPa;
S4、养护:脱模后将砖坯置于托板上自然干燥8小时,之后置于恒温干燥箱中,在105℃条件下烘干8-10小时至恒重;
S5、煅烧:将养护后的砖坯放入高温炉中进行煅烧,先在550℃下煅烧2-5小时,然后升温至1050℃,升温速率50℃/h,煅烧40小时,得到透水砖;
S6、乳化和二次煅烧:用喷淋装置将氧化石墨烯/纳米TiO2复合乳液按照5-10mL/dm2的用量均匀地从透水砖表面的孔隙中喷入,通过渗透均匀分布在透水砖体内,将透水砖干燥处理后,进行二次煅烧,煅烧温度为500℃,保温时间20-30分钟,使纳米二氧化钛乳液转化为锐钛矿型纳米二氧化钛,得到自洁式煤矸石烧结透水砖。
实施例2
自洁式煤矸石烧结透水砖的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
S1、氧化石墨烯/纳米TiO2复合乳液的制备:(1)将氧化石墨烯缓慢分散于水中直至得到质量浓度为0.5mg/mL的氧化石墨烯分散液;(2)将吐温80与环已烷混合,向混合液中加入正丁醇,匀速搅拌30分钟,将混合液平均分为两份,其中一份加入氨水,得到溶液A;另一份加入浓度为0.8mol/L的TiOSO4水溶液,得到溶液B,在匀速搅拌的情况下,将溶液A缓慢加入溶液B中,搅拌1小时,再置于离心机中离心处理15-20分钟,取出沉淀物用去离子水洗涤,再将洗涤后的沉淀物与去离子水混合搅拌得到纳米TiO2乳液;(3)氧化石墨烯分散液与纳米TiO2乳液按照体积比1:2-3混合,制得氧化石墨烯/纳米TiO2复合乳液的制备;
所述S1中的吐温80、环已烷、正丁醇、氨水、TiOSO4水溶液与去离子水的体积比为1: 5:0.6: 1:0.5-1;
S2、物料混合陈化:将煤矸石破碎、烘干后用球磨机研磨10-15分钟,过0.25mm筛网,将煤矸石与黏土按照质量比为8: 3混合后加入搅拌机中,再加入膨胀珍珠岩,膨胀珍珠岩加入量为煤矸石与黏土总体积的70%,最后依次加入氧化锆纤维和激发剂,并加入适量的水搅拌均匀,将搅拌均匀的混合物料陈化70小时;
所述膨胀珍珠岩粒径10-20目,密度为80kg/m3;
所述氧化锆纤维和激发剂的总加入量为膨胀珍珠岩、煤矸石和黏土总体积的0.5%-2%,所述氧化锆纤维和激发剂的重量比为2:1;
所述激发剂包括十二水硫酸铝钾、消石灰粉、硫酸铝和硅酸钠,十二水硫酸铝钾、消石灰粉、硫酸铝和硅酸钠的质量比为3:1:0.5:0.2。
S3、压制成型:将陈化后的混合物料经搅拌机搅拌均匀后,入模压制成型,成型压力为15MPa;
S4、养护:脱模后将砖坯置于托板上自然干燥8小时,之后置于恒温干燥箱中,在105℃条件下烘干8-10小时至恒重;
S5、煅烧:将养护后的砖坯放入高温炉中进行煅烧,先在550℃下煅烧2-5小时,然后升温至1100℃,升温速率50℃/h,煅烧45小时,得到透水砖;
S6、乳化和二次煅烧:用喷淋装置将氧化石墨烯/纳米TiO2复合乳液按照5-10mL/dm2的用量均匀地从透水砖表面的孔隙中喷入,通过渗透均匀分布在透水砖体内,将透水砖干燥处理后,进行二次煅烧,煅烧温度为500℃,保温时间20-30分钟,使纳米二氧化钛乳液转化为锐钛矿型纳米二氧化钛,得到自洁式煤矸石烧结透水砖。
试验效果
按照GB/T25993-2010《透水路面砖和透水路面板》测定本发明的自洁式透水砖的光催化降解性能。
(1)光催化降解性能测试:
将广西科润海绵城市建设有限公司生产的透水砖、本发明实施例1制备的自洁式透水砖试样分别切割成75mm*150mm*12mm规格,置于流水下冲洗30分钟,使表面平整、干净、不起砂;将10mg/L甲基橙水溶液作为光催化降解的试验对象,均匀地涂抹在两个试样表面。
将试件置于紫外线试验箱的试件架上,进行耐候试验,试验温度37℃,紫外光辐照度0.6W/m2,紫外光照射30分钟后喷淋水,喷淋时长为30分钟,耐候试验1个循环周期为1小时,循环200次观测试验结果。经过200次循环的结果发现:本发明实施例1的自洁式透水砖试样中的亚甲基蓝,随着紫外光的照射逐渐分解,经过200次循环后试件表面的亚甲基蓝完全分解,而对比件的透水砖试件表面的亚甲基蓝基本未分解。
(2)劈裂抗压强度测试:
取本发明实施例1三个自洁式煤矸石烧结透水砖、实施例2个自洁式煤矸石烧结透水砖,清洗使其表面平整、干净,用劈裂抗拉强度装置测算劈裂抗拉强度,设定加载速度为0.05MPa/s,记录5个试件的破坏荷载。通过以下公式计算试件的劈裂抗拉强度Fu=0.637K(P/S),其中Fu为劈裂抗拉强度,单位MPa;P为破坏荷载,单位N,K为试件厚度校正系数,S为破坏面的面积,单位mm2,5个试件劈裂抗拉强度值分别为4.12、3.98、4.08、3.95和3.92,通过计算5个试件劈裂抗拉强度的平均值为4.01MPa。
(3)透水系数测试:取本发明实施例1的自洁式透水砖切割成直径75mm,厚度为50mm的圆柱试样,用黄油密封圆柱试样的四周,使水仅能从试件的上下表面渗透,待密封材料固化后,将试样置于透水系数真空装置中,通过测定、计算可得渗透系统为0.412*10-2cm/s。
结论:通过测试可知,本发明的自洁式煤矸石烧结透水砖的平均劈裂抗拉强度为4.01MPa,渗透系数为0.412*10-2cm/s,达到GB/T25993-2010《透水路面砖和透水路面板》的要求,而且自洁式煤矸石烧结透水砖具有良好的光催化性,以煤矸石和黏土为主要原料,变废为宝,促进了工业固体废弃物的综合利用。同时,采用的氧化石墨烯/纳米TiO2复合乳液具体良好的光催化性能有效防止孔隙堵塞,缓解城市内涝,具有较高的推广性。
Claims (5)
1.一种自洁式煤矸石烧结透水砖的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
S1、氧化石墨烯/纳米TiO2复合乳液的制备:(1)将氧化石墨烯缓慢分散于水中直至得到质量浓度为0.5mg/mL的氧化石墨烯分散液;(2)将吐温80与环已烷混合,向混合液中加入正丁醇,匀速搅拌30分钟,将混合液平均分为两份,其中一份加入氨水,得到溶液A;另一份加入浓度为0.8mol/L的TiOSO4水溶液,得到溶液B,在匀速搅拌的情况下,将溶液A缓慢加入溶液B中,搅拌1小时,再置于离心机中离心处理15-20分钟,取出沉淀物用去离子水洗涤,再将洗涤后的沉淀物与去离子水混合搅拌得到纳米TiO2乳液;(3)氧化石墨烯分散液与纳米TiO2乳液按照体积比1:2-3混合,制得氧化石墨烯/纳米TiO2复合乳液的制备;
S2、物料混合陈化:将煤矸石破碎、烘干后用球磨机研磨10-15分钟,过0.25mm筛网,将煤矸石与黏土按照质量比为7-8:2-3混合后加入搅拌机中,再加入膨胀珍珠岩,膨胀珍珠岩加入量为煤矸石与黏土总体积的60-70%,最后依次加入氧化锆纤维和激发剂,并加入适量的水搅拌均匀,将搅拌均匀的混合物料陈化50-70小时;
S3、压制成型:将陈化后的混合物料经搅拌机搅拌均匀后,入模压制成型,成型压力为15MPa;
S4、养护:脱模后将砖坯置于托板上自然干燥8小时,之后置于恒温干燥箱中,在105℃条件下烘干8-10小时至恒重;
S5、煅烧:将养护后的砖坯放入高温炉中进行煅烧,先在550℃下煅烧2-5小时,然后升温至1050℃-1100℃,升温速率50℃/h,煅烧40-45小时,得到透水砖;
S6、乳化和二次煅烧:用喷淋装置将氧化石墨烯/纳米TiO2复合乳液按照5-10mL/dm2 的用量均匀地从透水砖表面的孔隙中喷入,通过渗透均匀分布在透水砖体内,将透水砖干燥处理后,进行二次煅烧,煅烧温度为500℃,保温时间20-30分钟,使纳米二氧化钛乳液转化为锐钛矿型纳米二氧化钛,得到自洁式煤矸石烧结透水砖。
2.根据权利要求1所述的自洁式煤矸石烧结透水砖的制备方法,其特征在于:所述S1中的吐温80、环已烷、正丁醇、氨水、TiOSO4水溶液与去离子水的体积比为1:4-5:0.6:0.5-1:0.5-1。
3.根据权利要求1 所述的自洁式煤矸石烧结透水砖的制备方法,其特征在于:所述氧化锆纤维和激发剂的总加入量为膨胀珍珠岩、煤矸石和黏土总体积的0.5%-2%,所述氧化锆纤维和激发剂的重量比为1-2:1。
4.根据权利要求1所述的自洁式煤矸石烧结透水砖的制备方法,其特征在于:所述激发剂包括十二水硫酸铝钾、消石灰粉、硫酸铝和硅酸钠,十二水硫酸铝钾、消石灰粉、硫酸铝和硅酸钠的质量比为2-3:1:0.5:0.2。
5.根据权利要求1所述的自洁式煤矸石烧结透水砖的制备方法,其特征在于:所述膨胀珍珠岩粒径10-20目,密度为80kg/m3。
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