CN110015678A - A kind of production technology of Novel thick condensation polymerization aluminium chloride - Google Patents
A kind of production technology of Novel thick condensation polymerization aluminium chloride Download PDFInfo
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- CN110015678A CN110015678A CN201910416870.XA CN201910416870A CN110015678A CN 110015678 A CN110015678 A CN 110015678A CN 201910416870 A CN201910416870 A CN 201910416870A CN 110015678 A CN110015678 A CN 110015678A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of production technologies of Novel thick condensation polymerization aluminium chloride, more particularly to water-purifying material field, aluminum chloride aqueous solution-addition sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and lime, which are prepared, including aluminium hydroxide method adjusts basicity and the acid-base property-removal of impurities desulfurization-multi-stage spray concentration-step of sealed storage five preparation concentration aluminium polychloride, process flow is simple, and concentration aluminium polychloride production target facilitates control.Sulfide in water film dedusting technique removal reaction impurities of the present invention and mixed liquor, the purity for improving concentration aluminium polychloride, reaches drink water purifying standard, using multi-stage spray technique, efficiently use drying tower exhaust heat-energy, energy-saving, concentrated liquid aluminium polychloride improves production efficiency, concentrated liquid concentration step by step, and concentration is finally finely tuned, facilitate concentration control, prevents from crystallizing.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to water-purifying material field it is more particularly related to a kind of life of Novel thick condensation polymerization aluminium chloride
Production. art.
Background technique
Liquid aluminium polychloride is a kind of inorganic polymer flocculant, by hydroxyl ion functional group and multivalent anions
The effect of polymer functional group produces the inorganic polymer for possessing macromolecule and high charge.Aluminium polychloride molecular structure is big,
Adsorption capacity is strong, and dosage is few, and processing cost is low;Dissolubility is good, and activity is high, and the alumen ustum that formation is agglomerated in water body is big, and sedimentation is fast,
It is 2-3 times bigger than other inorganic flocculating agent detergent powers;It is adaptable, it is influenced by water PH value and temperature small, is reached after purificating raw water
Water quality standard is quoted to country, water quality after processing, middle-jiao yang, function of the spleen and stomach, anion-content are low, are conducive to the system of ion-exchange treatment and high purity water
It is standby;Corrosivity is small, easy to operate, can improve the labor intensity and working condition of dispensing process, it is net to be widely used in industrial water supply
The recycling field of utility in change, municipal sewage treatment and industrial wastewater and waste residue.
Conventional process for producing polymerized aluminium chloride uses level-one water film dedusting craft dust removal and cooling, and is sprayed using water
Leaching, the heat energy utilization to drying tower is zero, is unable to concentrated liquid polyaluminium chloride, and production efficiency is low, and product purifying property needs to be mentioned
It rises.
Therefore, the production technology for inventing a kind of Novel thick condensation polymerization aluminium chloride is necessary.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the drawbacks described above of the prior art, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of Novel thick condensation polymerization aluminium chloride
Production technology removes the sulfide in reaction impurities and mixed liquor by water film dedusting technique, improves concentration aluminium polychloride
Purity reaches drink water purifying standard, using multi-stage spray technique, efficiently uses drying tower exhaust heat-energy, energy-saving, concentration
Liquid polymerization aluminium chloride improves production efficiency, step by step concentrated liquid concentration, and finally finely tunes concentration, facilitates concentration control, prevents
Crystallization.
To achieve the above object, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a kind of production work of Novel thick condensation polymerization aluminium chloride
Skill, the specific steps are as follows:
Step 1: prepare aluminium hydroxide 1-3 parts and hydrochloric acid 3-8 parts, by active aluminium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid in high temperature and pressure ring
Reaction generates aluminum chloride aqueous solution under border, and deionized water dilution is added in aqueous solution, and polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride is made, standby
With;
Step 2: being added sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, lime reaction in the polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride of step 1 preparation,
Increase the OH ion concentration in polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride, adjusts polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride basicity and acid-base property;
Step 3: by the polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride heating pressurizing atomizing in step 2 and it is passed through spiral-flow type water film dedusting
Device removes the sulfide in reaction impurities and mixed liquor by water film dedusting technique;
Step 4: the high-purity polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride after step 3 is processed is passed through drying tower heat treatment, and adopts
Polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride is concentrated with multi-stage spray technique, the specific steps are as follows:
Polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride is pressurizeed by high-pressure pump and sprays atomization from atomizer by level-one spray concentration
Grain, heating atomization particle and by drying tower tail gas and atomizing particle hybrid reaction improves heating efficiency, cooling after a period of time to gather
Close liquid polyaluminium chloride;
Polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride after primary concentration is pressurizeed by high-pressure pump and is sprayed from atomization by second level spray concentration
Head sprays atomizing particle, heating atomization particle and by drying tower tail gas and atomizing particle hybrid reaction, raising heating efficiency, and one section
Cooling polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride after time;
Three-level spray fine tuning, according to the strength of fluid of secondary concentration polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride, by secondary concentration polymer fluid
Body polyaluminium chloride pressurizing atomizing, and aatomized water vapor is sprayed, mix vapor uniformly with secondary concentration polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride
It closes;
Step 5: the concentration polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride condensation liquefaction that step 4 is uniformly mixed, and use glass container
Sealed storage.
Preferably, reaction temperature is set as 70-150 DEG C in the step 1, and the reaction pressure is set as 0.5-
0.8MPa, the deionized water and the water-soluble mass ratio of aluminium chloride are set as 1:3-5.
Preferably, the polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride strength of fluid prepared in the step 1 is 13.6-14%, and basicity is
40.2-43.5%, pH value 4.2-4.6.
Preferably, the polymeric aluminum in the step 2 in polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride and sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and lime
The molar ratio of water is respectively 1:1-1.05,1:0.5-1 and 1:0.5-1, in the step 2 after the reaction of polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride
Basicity is 73.9-88.2%, pH value 4.8-5.0.
Preferably, level-one spray concentrating drying tower heating temperature is set as 120-150 DEG C in the step 4, the level-one
Strength of fluid is 17-18% after concentration.
Preferably, second level spray concentrating drying tower heating temperature is set as 150-180 DEG C in the step 4, the second level
Strength of fluid is 18-19% after concentration.
Preferably, three-level spray fine tuning drying tower heating temperature is set as 100-110 DEG C in the step 4, the three-level
Strength of fluid is 18.3-18.7% after fine tuning, and pH value is 4.9-5.1.
Technical effect and advantage of the invention:
1, the sulfide in reaction impurities and mixed liquor is removed by water film dedusting technique, improves concentration aluminium polychloride
Purity reaches drink water purifying standard, using multi-stage spray technique, efficiently uses drying tower exhaust heat-energy, energy-saving, concentration
Liquid polymerization aluminium chloride improves production efficiency, step by step concentrated liquid concentration, and finally finely tunes concentration, facilitates concentration control, prevents
Crystallization;
2, it is reacted by the way that suitable sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and lime is added with polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride, increases polymerization
OH ion concentration in liquid polyaluminium chloride adjusts polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride basicity and acid-base property, is conducive to improve concentration
The purification efficiency and safety in utilization of aluminium polychloride, bactericidal purifying effect are more preferable.
Specific embodiment
It is clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention, it is clear that described reality
Applying example is only a part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, this field is general
Logical technical staff every other embodiment obtained without making creative work belongs to what the present invention protected
Range.
Embodiment 1:
The present invention provides a kind of production technologies of Novel thick condensation polymerization aluminium chloride, the specific steps are as follows:
Step 1: prepare 1 part and 3 parts of hydrochloric acid of aluminium hydroxide, by active aluminium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid under high temperature and high pressure environment
Reaction generates aluminum chloride aqueous solution, and deionized water dilution is added in aqueous solution, and polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride is made, spare,
Middle reaction temperature is set as 70 DEG C, and the reaction pressure is set as 0.5MPa, the deionized water and the water-soluble quality of aluminium chloride
Than being set as 1:3, obtained polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride strength of fluid is 13.6%, basicity 40.2%, pH value 4.2;
Step 2: being added sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, lime reaction in the polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride of step 1 preparation,
Increase the OH ion concentration in polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride, polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride basicity and acid-base property is adjusted, wherein gathering
The molar ratio for closing polymeric aluminum and sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and limewash in liquid polyaluminium chloride is respectively 1:1,1:0.5 and 1:
0.5, basicity is 73.9% after reaction, pH value 4.8;
Step 3: by the polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride heating pressurizing atomizing in step 2 and it is passed through spiral-flow type water film dedusting
Device removes the sulfide in reaction impurities and mixed liquor by water film dedusting technique;
Step 4: the high-purity polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride after step 3 is processed is passed through drying tower heat treatment, and adopts
Polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride is concentrated with multi-stage spray technique, the specific steps are as follows:
Polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride is pressurizeed by high-pressure pump and sprays atomization from atomizer by level-one spray concentration
Grain, heating atomization particle and by drying tower tail gas and atomizing particle hybrid reaction, heating temperature are set as 120 DEG C, for a period of time
Polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride is cooled down afterwards, and strength of fluid is 17% after primary concentration;
Polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride after primary concentration is pressurizeed by high-pressure pump and is sprayed from atomization by second level spray concentration
Head sprays atomizing particle, and heating atomization particle and by drying tower tail gas and atomizing particle hybrid reaction, heating temperature is set as 150
DEG C, polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride is cooled down after a period of time, strength of fluid is 18% after secondary concentration;
Three-level spray fine tuning, according to the strength of fluid of secondary concentration polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride, by secondary concentration polymer fluid
Body polyaluminium chloride pressurizing atomizing, and aatomized water vapor is sprayed, mix vapor uniformly with secondary concentration polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride
It closes, heating temperature is set as 100 DEG C, and strength of fluid is 18.3% after three-level fine tuning, and pH value is 4.9;
Step 5: the concentration polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride condensation liquefaction that step 4 is uniformly mixed, and use glass container
Sealed storage.
The concentration aluminium polychloride strength of fluid prepared in the present embodiment is high, and impurity content is few, and purity is high, hydroxyl ion contains
Amount is high, and adsorption capacity is strong, and flocculating effect is good, uses convenient for water purification, in addition the present embodiment to the concentration aluminium polychloride of preparation into
Row performance detection and purification test, strength of fluid is 18.3% as the result is shown, generation is not crystallized, in polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride
Arsenic, lead, cadmium, mercury and Cr VI total content less than 0.00012%, effective purifying rate is 90%, and unit usage amount is 5g/L, only
It is general to change efficiency.
Embodiment 2:
The present invention provides a kind of production technologies of Novel thick condensation polymerization aluminium chloride, the specific steps are as follows:
Step 1: prepare 2 parts and 5.5 parts of hydrochloric acid of aluminium hydroxide, by active aluminium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid in high temperature and high pressure environment
Lower reaction generates aluminum chloride aqueous solution, and deionized water dilution is added in aqueous solution, and polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride is made, spare,
Wherein reaction temperature is set as 110 DEG C, and the reaction pressure is set as 0.7MPa, the deionized water and the water-soluble matter of aluminium chloride
Amount ratio is set as 1:4, and obtained polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride strength of fluid is 13.8%, basicity 43%, pH value 4.4;
Step 2: being added sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, lime reaction in the polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride of step 1 preparation,
Increase the OH ion concentration in polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride, polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride basicity and acid-base property is adjusted, wherein gathering
Close liquid polyaluminium chloride in polymeric aluminum and sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and limewash molar ratio be respectively 1:1.03,1:0.8 and
1:0.8, basicity is 80% after reaction, pH value 4.9;
Step 3: by the polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride heating pressurizing atomizing in step 2 and it is passed through spiral-flow type water film dedusting
Device removes the sulfide in reaction impurities and mixed liquor by water film dedusting technique;
Step 4: the high-purity polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride after step 3 is processed is passed through drying tower heat treatment, and adopts
Polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride is concentrated with multi-stage spray technique, the specific steps are as follows:
Polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride is pressurizeed by high-pressure pump and sprays atomization from atomizer by level-one spray concentration
Grain, heating atomization particle and by drying tower tail gas and atomizing particle hybrid reaction, heating temperature are set as 125 DEG C, for a period of time
Polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride is cooled down afterwards, and strength of fluid is 17.5% after primary concentration;
Polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride after primary concentration is pressurizeed by high-pressure pump and is sprayed from atomization by second level spray concentration
Head sprays atomizing particle, and heating atomization particle and by drying tower tail gas and atomizing particle hybrid reaction, heating temperature is set as 165
DEG C, polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride is cooled down after a period of time, strength of fluid is 18.5% after secondary concentration;
Three-level spray fine tuning, according to the strength of fluid of secondary concentration polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride, by secondary concentration polymer fluid
Body polyaluminium chloride pressurizing atomizing, and aatomized water vapor is sprayed, mix vapor uniformly with secondary concentration polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride
It closes, heating temperature is set as 105 DEG C, and strength of fluid is 18.5% after three-level fine tuning, and pH value is 5.0;
Step 5: the concentration polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride condensation liquefaction that step 4 is uniformly mixed, and use glass container
Sealed storage.
Comparative example 1, the concentration aluminium polychloride strength of fluid prepared in the present embodiment is high, and impurity content is few, purity
Height, hydroxide ion level is high, and adsorption capacity is strong, and flocculating effect is good, uses convenient for water purification, in addition concentration of the present embodiment to preparation
Aluminium polychloride carries out performance detection and purification test, and strength of fluid is 18.5% as the result is shown, does not crystallize generation, polymer fluid
Arsenic in body polyaluminium chloride, lead, cadmium, mercury and Cr VI total content less than 0.00010%, effective purifying rate is 98%, and unit makes
Dosage is 3g/L, and purification efficiency is high.
Embodiment 3:
The present invention provides a kind of production technologies of Novel thick condensation polymerization aluminium chloride, the specific steps are as follows:
Step 1: prepare 3 parts and 8 parts of hydrochloric acid of aluminium hydroxide, by active aluminium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid under high temperature and high pressure environment
Reaction generates aluminum chloride aqueous solution, and deionized water dilution is added in aqueous solution, and polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride is made, spare,
Middle reaction temperature is set as 150 DEG C, and the reaction pressure is set as 0.8MPa, the deionized water and the water-soluble quality of aluminium chloride
Than being set as 1:5, obtained polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride strength of fluid is 14%, basicity 43.5%, pH value 4.6;
Step 2: being added sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, lime reaction in the polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride of step 1 preparation,
Increase the OH ion concentration in polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride, polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride basicity and acid-base property is adjusted, wherein gathering
The molar ratio for closing polymeric aluminum and sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and limewash in liquid polyaluminium chloride is respectively 1:1.05,1:1 and 1:
1, basicity is 88.2% after reaction, pH value 5.0;
Step 3: by the polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride heating pressurizing atomizing in step 2 and it is passed through spiral-flow type water film dedusting
Device removes the sulfide in reaction impurities and mixed liquor by water film dedusting technique;
Step 4: the high-purity polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride after step 3 is processed is passed through drying tower heat treatment, and adopts
Polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride is concentrated with multi-stage spray technique, the specific steps are as follows:
Polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride is pressurizeed by high-pressure pump and sprays atomization from atomizer by level-one spray concentration
Grain, heating atomization particle and by drying tower tail gas and atomizing particle hybrid reaction, heating temperature are set as 150 DEG C, for a period of time
Polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride is cooled down afterwards, and strength of fluid is 18% after primary concentration;
Polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride after primary concentration is pressurizeed by high-pressure pump and is sprayed from atomization by second level spray concentration
Head sprays atomizing particle, and heating atomization particle and by drying tower tail gas and atomizing particle hybrid reaction, heating temperature is set as 180
DEG C, polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride is cooled down after a period of time, strength of fluid is 19% after secondary concentration;
Three-level spray fine tuning, according to the strength of fluid of secondary concentration polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride, by secondary concentration polymer fluid
Body polyaluminium chloride pressurizing atomizing, and aatomized water vapor is sprayed, mix vapor uniformly with secondary concentration polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride
It closes, heating temperature is set as 110 DEG C, and strength of fluid is 18.7% after three-level fine tuning, and pH value is 5.1;
Step 5: the concentration polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride condensation liquefaction that step 4 is uniformly mixed, and use glass container
Sealed storage.
Comparative example 1 and 2, the concentration aluminium polychloride strength of fluid prepared in the present embodiment is high, and impurity content is few, pure
Degree is high, and hydroxide ion level is high, and adsorption capacity is strong, and flocculating effect is good, uses convenient for water purification, in addition the present embodiment is to the dense of preparation
Condensation polymerization aluminium chloride carries out performance detection and purification test, and strength of fluid is 18.7% as the result is shown, does not crystallize generation, polymerize
Arsenic in liquid polyaluminium chloride, lead, cadmium, mercury and Cr VI total content less than 0.00011%, effective purifying rate is 97%, unit
Usage amount is 3g/L, and purification efficiency is high.
Following table is obtained according to embodiment 1-3:
As seen from the above table, 2 chinese raw materials ratio of embodiment is moderate, and processing temperature is moderate, the concentration aluminium polychloride of preparation
Using effect is best, and suitable sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and lime reaction is added, and increases in polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride
OH ion concentration adjusts polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride basicity and acid-base property, is conducive to the purification for improving concentration aluminium polychloride
Efficiency and safety in utilization, bactericidal purifying effect is more preferable, removes the sulphur in reaction impurities and mixed liquor by water film dedusting technique
Compound improves the purity of concentration aluminium polychloride, reaches drink water purifying standard, and using multi-stage spray technique, effective use is dry
Dry tower exhaust heat-energy, energy-saving, concentrated liquid aluminium polychloride improve production efficiency, step by step concentrated liquid concentration, and final
Concentration is finely tuned, facilitates concentration control, prevents from crystallizing.
Finally, it should be noted that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is not intended to restrict the invention,
All within the spirits and principles of the present invention, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should be included in of the invention
Within protection scope.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of production technology of Novel thick condensation polymerization aluminium chloride, it is characterised in that: specific step is as follows:
Step 1: prepare aluminium hydroxide 1-3 parts and hydrochloric acid 3-8 parts, by active aluminium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid under high temperature and high pressure environment
Reaction generates aluminum chloride aqueous solution, and deionized water dilution is added in aqueous solution, and polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride is made, spare;
Step 2: being added sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, lime reaction in the polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride of step 1 preparation, increases
OH ion concentration in polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride adjusts polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride basicity and acid-base property;
Step 3: by the polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride heating pressurizing atomizing in step 2 and it is passed through spiral-flow type water dust scrubber, is led to
Cross the sulfide in water film dedusting technique removal reaction impurities and mixed liquor;
Step 4: the high-purity polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride after step 3 is processed is passed through drying tower heat treatment, and using more
Polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride is concentrated in grade spray process, the specific steps are as follows:
Polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride is pressurizeed by high-pressure pump and sprays atomizing particle from atomizer, added by level-one spray concentration
Hot atomizing particle and by drying tower tail gas and atomizing particle hybrid reaction, improves heating efficiency, cooling polymer fluid after a period of time
Body polyaluminium chloride;
Polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride after primary concentration is pressurizeed by high-pressure pump and is sprayed from atomizer by second level spray concentration
Atomizing particle out, heating atomization particle and by drying tower tail gas and atomizing particle hybrid reaction improve heating efficiency, a period of time
Polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride is cooled down afterwards;
Three-level spray fine tuning, according to the strength of fluid of secondary concentration polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride, secondary concentration polymeric liquid is gathered
Aluminium chloride pressurizing atomizing, and aatomized water vapor is sprayed, mix vapor uniformly with secondary concentration polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride;
Step 5: the concentration polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride condensation liquefaction that step 4 is uniformly mixed, and sealed using glass container
Storage.
2. a kind of production technology of Novel thick condensation polymerization aluminium chloride according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step
Reaction temperature is set as 70-150 DEG C in one, and the reaction pressure is set as 0.5-0.8MPa, the deionized water and aluminium chloride
Water-soluble mass ratio is set as 1:3-5.
3. a kind of production technology of Novel thick condensation polymerization aluminium chloride according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step
The polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride strength of fluid prepared in one is 13.6-14%, basicity 40.2-43.5%, pH value 4.2-
4.6。
4. a kind of production technology of Novel thick condensation polymerization aluminium chloride according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step
The molar ratio of polymeric aluminum and sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and limewash in two in polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride is respectively 1:1-
1.05,1:0.5-1 and 1:0.5-1, basicity is 73.9-88.2% after the reaction of polymeric liquid polyaluminium chloride in the step 2,
PH value is 4.8-5.0.
5. a kind of production technology of Novel thick condensation polymerization aluminium chloride according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step
Level-one spray concentrating drying tower heating temperature is set as 120-150 DEG C in four, and strength of fluid is 17- after the primary concentration
18%.
6. a kind of production technology of Novel thick condensation polymerization aluminium chloride according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step
Second level spray concentrating drying tower heating temperature is set as 150-180 DEG C in four, and strength of fluid is 18- after the secondary concentration
19%.
7. a kind of production technology of Novel thick condensation polymerization aluminium chloride according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step
Three-level spray fine tuning drying tower heating temperature is set as 100-110 DEG C in four, and strength of fluid is 18.3- after the three-level fine tuning
18.7%, and pH value is 4.9-5.1.
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