CN110014857A - A kind of stroke-increasing electric automobile - Google Patents
A kind of stroke-increasing electric automobile Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110014857A CN110014857A CN201710977991.2A CN201710977991A CN110014857A CN 110014857 A CN110014857 A CN 110014857A CN 201710977991 A CN201710977991 A CN 201710977991A CN 110014857 A CN110014857 A CN 110014857A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- coil
- stroke
- engine
- electrically connected
- demand limiter
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
- B60L50/61—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of stroke-increasing electric automobiles, belong to electric vehicle engineering field, including alternating current generator, speed increasing gear, fuel tank, engine, battery pack and reduction gearing, there is driving motor between speed increasing gear and reduction gearing, controller is connected between driving motor and speed increasing gear, back-current cutout, demand limiter and voltage regulator, engine is electrically connected with the controller, alternating current generator includes dynamo governor, Ic regulator, stator coil, rectifier diode, neutral point diode and magnet exciting coil, cropper bridging coil and cropper series coil are equipped in back-current cutout, demand limiter current coil and wire-wound resistor are equipped in demand limiter, voltage regulation coil is equipped in voltage regulator.The configuration of the present invention is simple, reliable transmission optimize the energy efficiency of dynamical system, and it is unstable to solve the problems, such as that voltage and current occurs in existing stroke-increasing electric automobile, control more reliable, and cost is lower.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of electric cars to belong to electric vehicle engineering more particularly to a kind of stroke-increasing electric automobile
Field.
Background technique
With the increasingly exacerbation of global energy shortage and environmental pollution, one of primary terminal of energy consumption and pernicious gas
The automobile of one of the major source of discharge has become the focus of energy-saving and emission-reduction, hybrid vehicle exactly meet the tendency of in this context and
Raw, hybrid vehicle was exactly to realize reduction fuel consumption and discharge by improving the operational efficiency of dynamical system, from 1997
Since Toyota Prius (general sharp this) is introduced to the market, it is fast-developing that Development of HEV Technology is presented diversification, in order to gradually to pure
Electronic direction develops and transition, and other than the technological improvement of conventional hybrid automobile, domestic and international major automobile vendor is again successive
It is proposed plug-in hybrid-power automobile and stroke-increasing electric automobile, wherein the power-driven system packet of stroke-increasing electric automobile
Engine, power battery, two motors are included, one travels as driving motor independent driving automobile, and another motor conduct
Generator is charged to battery or is powered to driving motor by engine driving.
By engine and generating set at generator unit independently can operate in height with speed with outside without mechanical connection
Effect area reduces the effect of oil consumption and discharge to reach, and still, the peak efficiency revolving speed of engine is generally most more efficient than generator
Rate revolving speed is low, especially when automobile is run at a low speed, to guarantee vehicle NVH characteristic, engine can with lower rotation speed operation, because
This, only the speedup in need for realizing engine to generator is transmitted, and just be can guarantee that generator operates in high efficient district always, is improved whole
The efficiency of a electricity generation system, meanwhile, to save space and lightweight to greatest extent, and improve the leakproofness of system, Ying Cai
It is transmitted with engine to generator coaxle.
Common electric car increases in journey mode currently on the market, and it is essentially all using hair that engine is connect with generator
Motivation connects driven generator through clutch or individual torsional vibration damper, by spline, and generator and engine are with identical
Revolving speed operation, engine connect the mechatronics side of driven generator by spline through clutch or individual torsional vibration damper
Engine speed independent control may be implemented in case, runs it in high efficient district, but the revolving speed of generator is also required to turn with engine
Speed is identical, the peak efficiency revolving speed area of common alternator for vehicle and engine be it is inconsistent, especially in automobile low speed row
When sailing, engine is with lower revolving speed is run and guarantees vehicle NVH characteristic, and the working efficiency of generator is very low at this time
, general 0.8 or so, or it is lower, it is thus impossible to guarantee generator in high efficient district operation, especially city operating condition downward driving
Automobile.
New-energy automobile become Modern Traffic field inevitable development trend, country and governments at all levels support on policy and
Under financial support, domestic new-energy automobile industry achieves significant progress at present.But it is limited by the development of battery industry
The course continuation mileage of bottleneck, pure electric automobile is unable to satisfy the psychological needs of people, increases on electric vehicle increase in this case
Journey device at new-energy automobile ice-breaking selection.
But in the prior art, when engine is as power source, the transmission mechanism of output shaft and electric vehicle is generally used
Clutch or planetary gear mechanism transmission, structure is complicated, at high cost, and due to these critical components pair in extended-range electric vehicle
Operating temperature requires, and differs greatly, this results in existing stroke-increasing electric automobile, and voltage and current occur unstable
Phenomenon, and since engine and the efficiency of main drive motor are different with rotary speed property, it is not easy to realize the best of dynamical system efficiency
Change.
Summary of the invention
The main object of the present invention is to provide for a kind of stroke-increasing electric automobile, makes generating set and the electronic vapour of extended-range
The connection of the transmission system of vehicle is easier, is driven more reliable.
The purpose of the present invention can reach by using following technical solution:
A kind of stroke-increasing electric automobile, including alternating current generator, speed increasing gear, fuel tank, engine, battery pack and deceleration
Gear, the alternating current generator are connect by rectifier with the speed increasing gear, the engine respectively with the fuel tank and
Battery pack connection, is equipped with driving motor between the speed increasing gear and the reduction gearing, the driving motor with it is described
Controller, back-current cutout, demand limiter and voltage regulator, the back-current cutout, institute are connected between speed increasing gear
It states demand limiter and the voltage regulator and starts mechatronics, the back-current cutout, electric current limit with described respectively
Device processed and the voltage regulator are also electrically connected with the driving motor respectively, and the engine is electrically connected with the controller,
The controller is electrically connected with the back-current cutout, the demand limiter and the voltage regulator respectively, the adverse current
Cropper is electrically connected with the demand limiter, and the demand limiter is electrically connected with the voltage regulator.
Further, the magnetic field excitation end of the alternating current generator is connect by rectifier with the speed increasing gear, described
The load outputs of alternating current generator are connected with the engine, the positive output end ground connection of the alternating current generator.
Further, current monitoring unit, the current monitoring unit are equipped between the engine and the battery pack
For monitoring the electric current between the engine and the battery pack.
Further, the back-current cutout, the demand limiter and the voltage regulator also respectively with the increasing
Fast gear electrical connection, the speed increasing gear are connect with the controller.
Further, the alternating current generator is electrically connected with charging indicator light, battery and load resistance respectively, described to fill
It is in parallel with the battery and the load resistance that electric indicator light passes through ignition switch respectively, the load resistance and the igniting
Load switch is equipped between switch.
Further, the alternating current generator includes dynamo governor, Ic regulator, stator coil, rectification
Diode, neutral point diode and magnet exciting coil, the dynamo governor is arranged in the Ic regulator, described
Dynamo governor is electrically connected with the stator coil and the magnet exciting coil respectively.
Further, the stator coil is electrically connected with the rectifier diode and the neutral point diode respectively, institute
It states rectifier diode and the neutral point diode passes through the magnet exciting coil and is electrically connected with the Ic regulator, institute
It is in parallel with the battery and the load resistance to state dynamo governor.
Further, cropper bridging coil and cropper series coil, the truncation are equipped in the back-current cutout
Device bridging coil is electrically connected with the driving motor, and the cropper series coil is electrically connected with the demand limiter.
Further, demand limiter current coil and wire-wound resistor, the electric current limit are equipped in the demand limiter
Device current coil processed is electrically connected with the cropper series coil, the both ends of the wire-wound resistor respectively with the engine and institute
State the electrical connection of cropper series coil.
Further, voltage regulation coil, one end of the voltage regulation coil and institute are equipped in the voltage regulator
State controller electrical connection, the other end ground connection of the voltage regulation coil.
Advantageous effects of the invention: stroke-increasing electric automobile according to the invention, extended-range electricity provided by the invention
Electrical automobile, structure is simple, reliable transmission, optimizes the energy efficiency of dynamical system, solves since extended-range electric vehicle works
The difference of temperature and cause existing stroke-increasing electric automobile the unstable problem of voltage and current occur, dynamical system can be made
More reliable, achievable multiple functions are controlled, cost is lower.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of stroke-increasing electric automobile according to the invention；
Fig. 2 is the alternator circuit connection figure of a preferred embodiment of stroke-increasing electric automobile according to the invention,
The embodiment can be embodiment identical with Fig. 1, be also possible to the embodiment different from Fig. 1.
In figure: 1- dynamo governor, 2- Ic regulator, 3- stator coil, 4- rectifier diode, 5- neutral point
Diode, 6- magnet exciting coil, 7- charging indicator light, 8- ignition switch, 9- battery, 10- load switch, 11- alternating current generator,
12- rectifier, 13- speed increasing gear, 14- controller, 15- fuel tank, 16- engine, 17- battery pack, 18- driving motor, 19-
Reduction gearing, 20- back-current cutout, 21- demand limiter, 22- voltage regulator, the side 23- magnetic circuit, 24- cropper parallel wire
Circle, 25- cropper series coil, 26- demand limiter current coil, 27- wire-wound resistor, 28- voltage regulation coil.
Specific embodiment
To make the more clear and clear technical solution of the present invention of those skilled in the art, below with reference to examples and drawings
The present invention is described in further detail, and embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of stroke-increasing electric automobile provided in this embodiment, including alternating current generator 11, speed increasing gear
13, fuel tank 15, engine 16, battery pack 17 and reduction gearing 19, the alternating current generator 11 by rectifier 12 with it is described
Speed increasing gear 13 connects, and the engine 16 is connect with the fuel tank 15 and the battery pack 17 respectively, the speed increasing gear
It is equipped with driving motor 18 between 13 and the reduction gearing 19, is connected between the driving motor 18 and the speed increasing gear 13
Controller 14, back-current cutout 20, demand limiter 21 and voltage regulator 22, the back-current cutout 20, electric current limit
Device 21 and the voltage regulator 22 processed are electrically connected with the engine 16 respectively, the back-current cutout 20, electric current limit
Device 21 and the voltage regulator 22 processed are also electrically connected with the driving motor 18 respectively, the engine 16 and the controller
14 electrical connection, the controller 14 respectively with the back-current cutout 20, the demand limiter 21 and the voltage regulator
22 electrical connections, the back-current cutout 20 are electrically connected with the demand limiter 21, the demand limiter 21 and the voltage
Adjuster 22 is electrically connected.
Further, in the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, the magnetic field excitation end of the alternating current generator 11 passes through rectification
Device 12 is connect with the speed increasing gear 13, and the load outputs of the alternating current generator 11 are connect with the engine 16, described
The positive output end of alternating current generator 11 is grounded, and current monitoring unit, institute are equipped between the engine 16 and the battery pack 17
Current monitoring unit is stated for monitoring electric current between the engine 16 and the battery pack 17, the back-current cutout 20,
The demand limiter 21 and the voltage regulator 22 are also electrically connected with the speed increasing gear 13 respectively, the speed increasing gear 13
It is connect with the controller 14.
Further, in the present embodiment, as shown in Fig. 2, the alternating current generator 11 respectively with charging indicator light 7, store
Battery 9 and load resistance electrical connection, the charging indicator light 7 pass through ignition switch 8 and the battery 9 and the load respectively
Resistor coupled in parallel, is equipped with load switch 10 between the load resistance and the ignition switch 8, the alternating current generator 11 includes hair
Regulex 1, Ic regulator 2, stator coil 3, rectifier diode 4, neutral point diode 5 and magnet exciting coil 6, institute
State dynamo governor 1 be arranged in the Ic regulator 2, the dynamo governor 1 respectively with the stator line
Circle 3 and the magnet exciting coil 6 be electrically connected, the stator coil 3 respectively with the rectifier diode 4 and the neutral point diode
5 electrical connections, the rectifier diode 4 and the neutral point diode 5 pass through the magnet exciting coil 6 and the integrated circuit tune
It saves device 2 to be electrically connected, the dynamo governor 1 is in parallel with the battery 9 and the load resistance.
Further, in the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, being equipped with cropper bridging coil in the back-current cutout 20
24 and cropper series coil 25, the cropper bridging coil 24 be electrically connected with the driving motor 18, the cropper string
On line circle 25 is electrically connected with the demand limiter 21, is equipped with 26 He of demand limiter current coil in the demand limiter 21
Wire-wound resistor 27, the demand limiter current coil 26 are electrically connected with the cropper series coil 25, the wire-wound resistor
27 both ends are electrically connected with the engine 16 and the cropper series coil 25 respectively, are equipped in the voltage regulator 22
Voltage regulation coil 28, one end of the voltage regulation coil 28 are electrically connected with the controller 14, the voltage regulation coil
28 other end ground connection.
In conclusion in the present embodiment, according to the stroke-increasing electric automobile of the present embodiment, increasing journey provided in this embodiment
Formula electric car, structure is simple, reliable transmission, optimizes the energy efficiency of dynamical system, solves due to extended-range electric vehicle
The difference of operating temperature and cause existing stroke-increasing electric automobile the unstable problem of voltage and current occur, dynamical system can be made
The control of system is more reliable, achievable multiple functions, and cost is lower.
The above, further embodiment only of the present invention, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, and it is any
Within the scope of the present disclosure, according to the technique and scheme of the present invention and its design adds those familiar with the art
With equivalent substitution or change, protection scope of the present invention is belonged to.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of stroke-increasing electric automobile, including alternating current generator (11), speed increasing gear (13), fuel tank (15), engine
(16), battery pack (17) and reduction gearing (19), it is characterised in that: the alternating current generator (11) passes through rectifier (12) and institute
Speed increasing gear (13) connection is stated, the engine (16) connect with the fuel tank (15) and the battery pack (17) respectively, institute
It states and is equipped with driving motor (18) between speed increasing gear (13) and the reduction gearing (19), the driving motor (18) and the increasing
Controller (14), back-current cutout (20), demand limiter (21) and voltage regulator (22) are connected between fast gear (13),
The back-current cutout (20), the demand limiter (21) and the voltage regulator (22) respectively with the engine (16)
Electrical connection, the back-current cutout (20), the demand limiter (21) and the voltage regulator (22) also respectively with it is described
Driving motor (18) electrical connection, the engine (16) is electrically connected with the controller (14), the controller (14) respectively with
The back-current cutout (20), the demand limiter (21) and the voltage regulator (22) electrical connection, the adverse current truncation
Device (20) is electrically connected with the demand limiter (21), and the demand limiter (21) is electrically connected with the voltage regulator (22)
It connects.
2. a kind of stroke-increasing electric automobile according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the magnetic of the alternating current generator (11)
Field excitation end is connect by rectifier (12) with the speed increasing gear (13), the load outputs of the alternating current generator (11) and
Engine (16) connection, the positive output end ground connection of the alternating current generator (11).
3. a kind of stroke-increasing electric automobile according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the engine (16) and the electricity
Current monitoring unit is equipped between pond group (17), the current monitoring unit is for monitoring the engine (16) and the battery
Electric current between group (17).
4. a kind of stroke-increasing electric automobile according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the back-current cutout (20), institute
It states demand limiter (21) and the voltage regulator (22) to be also electrically connected with the speed increasing gear (13) respectively, the speedup tooth
Wheel (13) is connect with the controller (14).
5. a kind of stroke-increasing electric automobile according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the alternating current generator (11) is respectively
It is electrically connected with charging indicator light (7), battery (9) and load resistance, the charging indicator light (7) passes through ignition switch respectively
(8) in parallel with the battery (9) and the load resistance, it is equipped between the load resistance and the ignition switch (8) negative
Load switch (10).
6. a kind of stroke-increasing electric automobile according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: the alternating current generator (11) includes
Dynamo governor (1), Ic regulator (2), stator coil (3), rectifier diode (4), neutral point diode (5) and
Magnet exciting coil (6), dynamo governor (1) setting is in the Ic regulator (2), the dynamo governor
(1) it is electrically connected respectively with the stator coil (3) and the magnet exciting coil (6).
7. a kind of stroke-increasing electric automobile according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: the stator coil (3) respectively with
The rectifier diode (4) and the neutral point diode (5) electrical connection, the rectifier diode (4) and the neutral point two
Pole pipe (5) is electrically connected by the magnet exciting coil (6) with the Ic regulator (2), the dynamo governor (1)
It is in parallel with the battery (9) and the load resistance.
8. a kind of stroke-increasing electric automobile according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: set in the back-current cutout (20)
There are cropper bridging coil (24) and cropper series coil (25), the cropper bridging coil (24) and the driving motor
(18) it is electrically connected, the cropper series coil (25) is electrically connected with the demand limiter (21).
9. a kind of stroke-increasing electric automobile according to claim 8, it is characterised in that: set in the demand limiter (21)
There are demand limiter current coil (26) and wire-wound resistor (27), the demand limiter current coil (26) and the cropper
Series coil (25) electrical connection, the both ends of the wire-wound resistor (27) are connected with the engine (16) and the cropper respectively
Coil (25) electrical connection.
10. a kind of stroke-increasing electric automobile according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in the voltage regulator (22)
Equipped with voltage regulation coil (28), one end of the voltage regulation coil (28) is electrically connected with the controller (14), the electricity
Press the other end ground connection of regulating winding (28).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710977991.2A CN110014857A (en) | 2017-10-18 | 2017-10-18 | A kind of stroke-increasing electric automobile |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710977991.2A CN110014857A (en) | 2017-10-18 | 2017-10-18 | A kind of stroke-increasing electric automobile |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN110014857A true CN110014857A (en) | 2019-07-16 |
Family
ID=67186652
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710977991.2A Pending CN110014857A (en) | 2017-10-18 | 2017-10-18 | A kind of stroke-increasing electric automobile |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN110014857A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2024055184A1 (en) * | 2022-09-14 | 2024-03-21 | 寰宝绿能股份有限公司 | Charging apparatus and method |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102510174A (en) * | 2011-11-04 | 2012-06-20 | 锦州海伯伦汽车电子有限公司 | Integrated adjustor, namely rectifier bridge of automobile alternating-current generator |
| CN105196855A (en) * | 2015-10-09 | 2015-12-30 | 张萍 | Range-extending-type hybrid power system for new energy automobile |
-
2017
- 2017-10-18 CN CN201710977991.2A patent/CN110014857A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102510174A (en) * | 2011-11-04 | 2012-06-20 | 锦州海伯伦汽车电子有限公司 | Integrated adjustor, namely rectifier bridge of automobile alternating-current generator |
| CN105196855A (en) * | 2015-10-09 | 2015-12-30 | 张萍 | Range-extending-type hybrid power system for new energy automobile |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 南长根等: "《汽车 摩托车电气设备维修技术》", 31 January 1996, 江西科学技术出版社 * |
| 张宪: "《现代汽车电器与电控维修技术问答》", 31 January 2001, 化学工业出版社 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2024055184A1 (en) * | 2022-09-14 | 2024-03-21 | 寰宝绿能股份有限公司 | Charging apparatus and method |
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Application publication date: 20190716 |
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