CN110011344B - Energy storage system and control method thereof - Google Patents
Energy storage system and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110011344B CN110011344B CN201910321496.5A CN201910321496A CN110011344B CN 110011344 B CN110011344 B CN 110011344B CN 201910321496 A CN201910321496 A CN 201910321496A CN 110011344 B CN110011344 B CN 110011344B
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- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- KFZAUHNPPZCSCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron zinc Chemical compound [Fe].[Zn] KFZAUHNPPZCSCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000272814 Anser sp. Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012983 electrochemical energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J15/00—Systems for storing electric energy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
- H02J3/16—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by adjustment of reactive power
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0068—Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/30—Reactive power compensation
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an energy storage system comprising: the sampling module is connected with the current transformation module and is used for acquiring sampling signals; the control module is connected with the sampling module and used for sending a charging signal or a discharging signal according to the feedback and sampling signals; the converter module is connected with the control module and is used for converting alternating current into direct current and then reducing the voltage according to the charging signal or converting direct current into alternating current after boosting the voltage according to the discharging signal; the energy storage control module is connected with the current transformation module and used for uniformly controlling the distribution of direct current; the energy storage module is connected with the energy storage control module and used for storing or providing direct current. The method comprises the steps of amplifying the direct-current voltage of the iron-zinc flow battery, inverting the direct-current voltage into an alternating-current voltage signal, and then merging the alternating-current voltage signal into a power grid; the control strategy can be reasonably selected according to different use scenes, so that the output of new energy power generation is smoothed to a great extent, the power supply quality of a power grid is improved, the safe and reliable operation of the system is ensured, and the economical efficiency and the safety of the operation of the power grid are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of energy storage, and particularly relates to an energy storage system and a control method thereof.
Background
The energy storage technology is a key core technology of energy systems such as a distributed power generation technology, a micro-grid, a smart grid and the like. Common energy storage technologies are pumped power stations, compressed air, superconducting magnetic, batteries, flow batteries, and the like. The redox electrochemical energy storage device is characterized by high capacity, wide application range and long cycle service life, and is a new energy product.
In the power grid, the zinc-iron flow battery energy storage technology has the characteristics of low cost, high safety, environmental friendliness and the like, and has a good application prospect. In order to stably access the zinc-iron flow battery into a power grid, the stability of output voltage signals and current signals of the zinc-iron flow battery is required to be ensured, but the input and output voltage signals of the conventional zinc-iron flow battery are lower, the current is larger, the zinc-iron flow battery cannot be stably accessed into the power grid, the power supply quality is reduced, and the running economy and the running safety of the power grid are poor.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical defects and shortcomings in the prior art, the embodiment of the application provides an energy storage system and a control method thereof. The technical problems to be solved by the invention are realized by the following technical scheme:
an embodiment of the present invention provides an energy storage system, including:
the sampling module is connected with the current transformation module and is used for acquiring sampling signals;
the control module is connected with the sampling module and used for sending a charging signal or a discharging signal according to feedback and the sampling signal;
the current transformation module is connected with the control module and is used for converting alternating current into direct current and then reducing the voltage according to the charging signal or converting direct current into alternating current after boosting the voltage according to the discharging signal;
the energy storage control module is connected with the current transformation module and used for uniformly controlling the distribution of direct current;
and the energy storage module is connected with the energy storage control module and used for storing or providing direct current.
In one embodiment of the invention, the sampling signals include a current sampling signal and a voltage sampling signal.
In one embodiment of the invention, the control module comprises: the system comprises at least one EIA-485 communication interface, at least one RJ-45 Ethernet interface, at least one CAN interface, at least one optical fiber interface, at least one RS-232 printing interface and at least one RS-485 time synchronization interface.
In one embodiment of the invention, the feedback includes one or more of active power tracking, peak clipping, valley filling, planning curves, frequency modulation and voltage regulation, settling fluctuations, power allocation, and SOC adjustment.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the current transformation module includes:
the direct current filter circuit is connected with the energy storage control module and used for reducing direct current common mode interference;
the boost circuit is connected with the direct current filter circuit and used for boosting direct current voltage;
the CL filter circuit is connected with the boost circuit and is used for filtering high-frequency components in direct current;
the conversion circuit is connected with the CL filter circuit and is used for converting alternating current into direct current and then reducing the voltage, or converting direct current into alternating current after boosting the voltage;
the LCL filter circuit is connected with the conversion circuit and used for reducing high-frequency harmonic waves in alternating current;
and the alternating current filter circuit is connected with the LCL filter circuit and used for inhibiting high-frequency interference in alternating current.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the current transformation module further includes: the bypass switches are connected between the direct current filter circuit and the energy storage control module; and, between the LCL filter circuit and the ac filter circuit; and an output of the ac filter circuit.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the dc boost circuit is a non-isolated Buck circuit or an isolated Buck circuit.
In one embodiment of the invention, the switching circuit is a three-phase full-bridge IGBT switching circuit.
In one embodiment of the invention, the energy storage module is a zinc-iron flow battery.
Another embodiment of the present invention provides a method for controlling an energy storage system, including:
acquiring a sampling signal;
sending a charging signal or a discharging signal according to the feedback and the sampling signal;
converting alternating current into direct current according to the charging signal and then reducing the voltage, or converting direct current into alternating current after boosting according to the discharging signal;
equalizing and controlling the distribution of direct current;
store or provide direct current.
As can be seen from the above, in the energy storage system provided by the embodiment of the present application, the current conversion module is used to amplify the dc voltage of the zinc-iron flow battery, and then the amplified dc voltage is inverted into ac voltage and then is integrated into the power grid; the control strategy can be reasonably selected according to different use scenes through the control module, so that the output of new energy power generation is smoothed to a great extent, the power supply quality of a power grid is improved, the safe and reliable operation of the system is ensured, and the economical efficiency and the safety of the operation of the power grid are improved.
Other aspects and features of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description, which refers to the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the drawings are designed solely for purposes of illustration and not as a definition of the limits of the invention, for which reference should be made to the appended claims. It should be further understood that the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale and that, unless otherwise indicated, they are merely intended to conceptually illustrate the structures and procedures described herein.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating peak clipping and valley filling in an energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a planning curve in an energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of auxiliary frequency modulation in an energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of auxiliary voltage regulation in an energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of stabilizing fluctuation in an energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of power distribution during charging in an energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of power distribution during discharging in an energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of SOC adjustment in an energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 10 is a circuit diagram of a current transformation module in an energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 11 is a flow chart of a control method of an energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the invention will be readily understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present application.
The energy storage system provided in this embodiment includes:
the sampling module is connected with the current transformation module and is used for acquiring sampling signals;
the control module is connected with the sampling module and used for sending a charging signal or a discharging signal according to the feedback and sampling signals;
the converter module is connected with the control module and is used for converting alternating current into direct current and then reducing the voltage according to the charging signal or converting direct current into alternating current after boosting the voltage according to the discharging signal;
the energy storage control module is connected with the current transformation module and used for uniformly controlling the distribution of direct current;
the energy storage module is connected with the energy storage control module and used for storing or providing direct current.
Specifically, the energy storage system provided by the embodiment of the application is applied to a power grid, can convert surplus alternating current electric energy on a night or weekday power grid into direct current electric energy, then reduce the voltage and store the direct current electric energy into the energy storage module, and feed back the direct current electric energy to the power grid to balance peak and valley of the power grid when the electric energy of the power grid is insufficient, and the control module can reasonably select a control strategy according to different use scenes, namely different feedback, so that the functions of charge/discharge management, alternating current side load power smoothing, island operation and the like of the energy storage module are realized. Meanwhile, the energy storage system is applied to new energy power generation systems with intermittence such as wind energy, solar energy and tides, so that the output of new energy power generation can be smoothed to a great extent, the power supply quality of a micro-grid is improved, the large-scale renewable energy system is safely and reliably integrated into the power grid, and the green electric energy conversion is truly embodied.
In one embodiment, the sampled signals include a current sampled signal and a voltage sampled signal.
Specifically, the sampling module is connected with the current transformation module and the control module, and is used for acquiring current sampling signals and voltage sampling signals in the current transformation module and the power grid in real time and transmitting the sampling signals to the control module. The control module can track, peak-clipping and valley-filling, planning curve, frequency modulation and voltage regulation, stabilizing fluctuation, power distribution and one or more of SOC adjustment according to different use scenes, and reasonably select a control strategy by combining the voltage sampling signal and the current sampling signal, and send a charging signal or a discharging signal to the conversion module, wherein the conversion module can convert alternating current electric energy into direct current electric energy according to the discharging signal and then store the direct current electric energy into the energy storage module in a depressurization manner, or convert the direct current electric energy into alternating current electric energy after boosting according to the charging signal and then transmit the alternating current electric energy into a power grid through the transformer.
In one embodiment, the control module further comprises: the system comprises at least one EIA-485 communication interface, at least one RJ-45 Ethernet interface, at least one CAN interface, at least one optical fiber interface, at least one RS-232 printing interface and at least one RS-485 time synchronization interface.
Specifically, the control module adopts a PCS-9567C with powerful measurement and control, communication and energy management functions, and a standard 4U chassis architecture, which is characterized in that: a UAPC hardware platform with high performance and high reliability and a friendly man-machine interface; the powerful optional plug-in components can meet various requirements on site; the totally-enclosed chassis has the advantages that strong current and weak current are strictly separated, a traditional backboard wiring mode is canceled, corresponding anti-interference measures are adopted on software design, the anti-interference capability of the device is greatly improved, and the electromagnetic radiation outside meets the relevant standards; the flexible background communication mode is provided with communication interfaces (more than five types of wires or optical fibers CAN be selected) such as an RJ-45 Ethernet interface, an EIA-485 interface and a CAN interface, so that various communication modes CAN be realized conveniently, and communication access with a sampling module, a current transformation module, an energy storage control module and other auxiliary equipment is facilitated; adapting to high altitude applications <6000 meters; the device adopts an internal high-speed bus and intelligent I/O, has flexible hardware configuration, is universal, is easy to expand and is easy to maintain. The device has convenient field device testing functions, including remote signaling test, export transmission test, remote sensing signal test and the like. A plurality of time setting modes can be selected: the time-setting interface can support various GPS time-setting modes, including IRIG-B, SNTP time-setting modes and IEEE1588V2 high-precision network synchronization time-setting modes; the complete event recording function can record 64 alarm reports, 64 fault wave recording waveforms, 1024 self-checking reports, 1024 deflection reports and 1024 latest remote control reports.
The specific electrical parameters are shown in the following table:
1) AC current
2) Ac voltage
3) AC/DC sampling
| Input device | ±15V | ±600mA |
| Allowing maximum input | -35V～35V | -2A～2A |
| Sampling accuracy | 0.5％(7.5V) | 0.5％(200mA) |
| Input impedance | 19.02kΩ | 0.5Ω |
4) DC sampling
| Input device | 0～5V | 0～20mA |
| Sampling accuracy | 0.5％(5V) | 0.5％(20mA) |
| Input impedance | 20kΩ | 235Ω |
5) Device power supply
| By using standard | GB/T 8367-1987(idt IEC 60255-11：2008) |
| Rated voltage | 110Vdc，220Vdc，220VAC |
| Input range | 88～264Vdc，88～264VAC |
| Ripple wave | Less than or equal to 15 percent of rated voltage |
6) Switching value input
7) Switching value output
8) Mechanical structure
9) Environmental condition parameters
| By using standard | GB/T 14047-1993(idt IEC 60225-1：2009) |
| Operating temperature range | -20℃～+55℃ |
| Storage temperature range | -40℃～+70℃ |
| Transport temperature range | -40℃～+70℃ |
| Relative humidity of | 5 to 95 percent, the inside of the equipment is not condensed and frozen |
10 Communication mode and port
a) Communication mode
| Display device | Liquid crystal |
| Standard communication mode | RS485, RJ45 Ethernet, CAN, LC optical fiber, RS232 printing and time setting |
b) EIA-485 interface
c) Ethernet interface
d) CAN interface
| Transmission rate | 1Mbps |
| Transmission standard | IS011898 |
| Transmission distance | Less than 40 meters |
| Communication protocol | CAN bus protocol |
| Connection form | Shielded twisted pair |
e) Optical fiber interface
| Characteristics of | Glass optical fiber |
| Terminal for connecting a plurality of terminals | SC |
| Optical cable type | Multimode device |
| Typical transmission distance | ＜2km |
f) Printing interface
g) Time setting interface
PCS-9567C may perform the following functions when applied:
measurement and control functions:
1) The device is provided with 6 paths of alternating voltage and 6 paths of alternating current (1A or 5A is optional) sampling input;
2) The three-phase alternating current/direct current converter is provided with 6 paths of alternating current/direct current 3 paths of +/-15V voltage input and 3 paths of +/-600 mA current sampling input;
3) The device is provided with 12 paths of direct current sampling input of 0-20mA or 0-5V (selectable by a jumper wire);
4) 25 paths of custom remote signaling opening are provided;
5) The device is provided with 11 paths of remote control independent control on/off switching nodes;
6) Recording events and SOE;
communication function:
1) Communication under pair
a) Support Modbus, DLT645, GOOSE, CAN and other protocols;
b) Support communication with PCS, BMS, electricity meters and other auxiliary devices;
c) The network interface comprises 12 paths of RJ-45 network interfaces (each network interface can be replaced by an LC optical fiber interface according to the requirement) to support ModbusTCP/GOOSE protocol;
d) The serial port protocol of the serial ports Modbus, DLT645 and the like is supported by the 5-channel EIA-485/RS-232 serial port (which can be selected by a jumper wire);
e) The system is provided with a 4-path standard CAN interface and supports a standard CAN bus protocol.
2) Communication on opposite sides
a) Supporting IEC104, IEC61850, IEC103, modbus and other protocols, supporting network communication with EMS and monitoring background,
b) 3 paths of R-J45 network ports are provided;
c) 2 paths of EIA-485 communication interfaces are provided;
d) The system is provided with 1 path of RS232 printing interfaces;
e) The device is provided with 1 path of RS485 time setting interface;
f) A large-capacity database is adopted, and 5 ten thousand points are supported at most, so that related data can be checked in liquid crystal.
g) Editing and synthesizing forwarding information.
Energy management function:
1) Active power tracking
The energy storage module can quickly respond to the scheduling instruction, and the auxiliary power adjustment function is realized. The controller power tracking control can select to support a remote mode or a local mode through a constant value control word. The remote mode is that the controller controls the energy storage charging and discharging power according to an active command value sent by a master station end (SCADA monitoring system); the local control means that the energy storage charging and discharging power is controlled according to an active instruction value set by a fixed value in the controller. The coordination control device controls the active output of the energy storage system by detecting the currently output active power and the received power instruction in real time, so that the scheduling instruction is responded quickly and accurately.
2) Peak clipping and valley filling
Because of the rapid response characteristic, the energy storage module has excellent peak regulation performance, can be used as a power supply to release electric energy in the electricity utilization peak period and can be used as a load to absorb electric energy in the electricity utilization valley period, and the economical efficiency and the safety of the operation of a power grid are improved.
As shown in fig. 2, the present controller can select to support the remote mode or the local mode by a constant value control word. The remote mode is that the controller controls the energy storage charging and discharging power according to the peak value and the valley value sent by the master station end (SCADA monitoring system); the local control means controlling the charge and discharge power of the stored energy according to the peak value and the valley value set by the fixed value in the controller. When the output power is larger than the peak power, the energy storage system is charged to absorb the peak power; and when the output power is smaller than the valley power, the energy storage system discharges to fill the valley power.
3) Planning curve
The planning curve function is to control the output of the energy storage system to arrange the charge and discharge plans according to a predetermined planning curve. As shown in fig. 3, the present controller plans curve control can select the support remote mode or the local mode by a constant value control word. The remote mode is that the controller controls the energy storage charging and discharging power according to the planned curve power value sent by the master station (SCADA monitoring system); the local control means controlling the charging and discharging power of the energy storage according to the planned curve power value set by the fixed value in the controller.
4) Frequency and voltage modulation
The energy storage can assist the power grid in frequency modulation, and the frequency modulation effect is improved by utilizing the quick response characteristic of the energy storage. Meanwhile, the energy storage system can output reactive power to play a role in auxiliary voltage regulation.
As shown in fig. 4, the frequency of the power grid depends on the equilibrium relationship between the generated active power and the load active power, and when the generated active power is greater than the load active power, the system frequency rises; when the generated active power is smaller than the load active power, the system frequency decreases. The energy storage system assists in regulating the generated active power through active-frequency (P-F) droop control, so that the generated active power and the load active power are balanced in real time, and the system frequency is stabilized. When the system frequency is reduced, the energy storage system discharges to increase the active output; as the system frequency increases, the energy storage system charges reducing the active output.
As shown in fig. 5, the voltage of the power grid depends on the equilibrium relationship between the generated reactive power and the load reactive power, and when the generated reactive power is greater than the load reactive power, the system voltage rises; when the generated reactive power is smaller than the load reactive power, the system voltage drops. The energy storage system assists in regulating the generated reactive power through reactive-voltage (Q-V) droop control to balance the generated reactive power with the load reactive power in real time, thereby stabilizing the system voltage. When the system voltage drops, the energy storage system emits reactive power; as the system voltage rises, the energy storage system absorbs reactive power.
5) Stabilizing wave motion
The new energy power generation of photovoltaic, wind power and the like has larger intermittence and volatility, and seriously influences the grid-connected power generation performance. More and more researches utilize the energy storage capacity of an energy storage battery to stabilize the power fluctuation of new energy power generation through the charge and discharge of the battery.
As shown in fig. 6, the stabilizing ripple control is classified into a first order filtering control mode and a power ripple limiting control mode according to an algorithm, and can be set by a control word. The first-order filtering control strategy is to perform first-order low-pass filtering according to the output power of the power supply end, and the power components which are rapid in change and do not meet the fluctuation limiting requirement are eliminated by using an energy storage system, so that the rest is smooth power components with small fluctuation. The power fluctuation limiting control strategy is to detect the output power of the power supply end in real time, count the fluctuation amount of the power supply end in a certain time period, and if the power fluctuation component exceeds the fluctuation limiting value set by the device, the energy storage system charges and discharges to inhibit the fluctuation amount. The device can be set by a fixed value, so that the control target meets the power fluctuation limit of different time scales.
6) Power distribution and SOC adjustment
For the energy storage units with larger capacity, the charge and discharge characteristics of each battery pack are different, and the SOC values of the battery packs are not identical. In order to ensure balanced charge and discharge of each battery pack and prolong the service life of the battery, the coordination control device is provided with a power balance distribution strategy and an SOC adjustment control strategy.
As shown in fig. 7 and 8, the present controller acquires the SOC state of each battery pack, and distributes the SOC of each battery pack to each battery pack in proportion to each charge and discharge power. When in charging, the battery pack with small SOC is charged with priority, and the charging power is high; when discharging, the battery pack with large SOC is discharged preferentially, and the discharge power is large.
In order to make each battery pack of the energy storage system have a proper SOC value, each charge and discharge instruction can respond, as shown in FIG. 9, SOC adjustment control is carried out on the premise of not affecting the operation of other functional modules, and the SOC is controlled within a reasonable range by utilizing a control strategy of slow charge and slow discharge.
Specifically, the sampling module monitors current signals and voltage signals in a current transformation module circuit in real time, acquires voltage sampling signals and current sampling signals and timely transmits the voltage sampling signals and the current sampling signals to the control module, the control module tracks, peak clipping and valley filling, planning curves, frequency modulation and voltage regulation, stabilizing fluctuation, power distribution and SOC regulation of the active power according to different feedback, the voltage sampling signals and the current sampling signals are combined to send charging signals or discharging signals to the current transformation module, the current transformation module converts alternating current electric energy into direct current electric energy according to the discharging signals and then reduces the voltage to be stored in the energy storage module, or the direct current electric energy is converted into alternating current electric energy after being boosted according to the charging signals and then is transmitted to a power grid through the transformer.
In one embodiment, the current transformation module includes:
the direct current filter circuit is connected with the energy storage control module and used for reducing direct current common mode interference;
the boost circuit is connected with the direct current filter circuit and used for boosting the direct current voltage;
the CL filter circuit is connected with the boost circuit and used for filtering high-frequency components in direct current;
the conversion circuit is connected with the CL filter circuit and is used for converting alternating current into direct current and then reducing the voltage, or converting direct current into alternating current after boosting the voltage;
the LCL filter circuit is connected with the conversion circuit and used for reducing high-frequency harmonic waves in alternating current;
and the alternating current filter circuit is connected with the LCL filter circuit and used for inhibiting high-frequency interference in alternating current.
In a specific embodiment, the current transformation module further comprises: the bypass switches are connected between the direct current filter circuit and the energy storage control module; and, between the LCL filter circuit and the ac filter circuit; and an output of the ac filter circuit.
In a specific embodiment, the dc boost circuit is a non-isolated Buck circuit or an isolated Buck circuit.
In a specific embodiment, the switching circuit is a three-phase full-bridge IGBT switching circuit.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 10, the converter module adopts a PCS energy storage converter, and the main circuit thereof includes a DC/AC conversion circuit and a three-way DC/DC direct current boost (reverse to buck) circuit. The DC/AC conversion circuit is composed of a single three-phase full-bridge IGBT conversion circuit, an alternating current side is connected with a power grid or a transformer, and a direct current side is connected with a high voltage side of the three-way DC/DC boosting circuit. The low-voltage side of the three-way DC/DC booster circuit is connected with the zinc-iron flow battery. An alternating current filter circuit, namely an alternating current EMI filter, is arranged on the alternating current side of the DC/AC conversion circuit and used for inhibiting high-frequency interference in alternating current electric energy; and a direct current filter circuit, namely a direct current EMI filter, is arranged on the low-voltage side of each DC/DC booster circuit and is used for reducing direct current common mode interference generated by the zinc-iron flow battery. The high-voltage side of each DC/DC booster circuit is provided with a CL filter circuit, namely a CL filter, which can filter high frequency in direct current generated by each module and reduce the stability of output current and voltage; the CL filter is also arranged on the direct current side of the DC/AC conversion circuit, so that the high frequency in the direct current generated by the DC/AC conversion circuit during the charging of the zinc-iron flow battery can be filtered, and the service life of the zinc-iron flow battery is prolonged; each phase of the alternating current side of the DC/AC conversion circuit is connected with one LCL filter, and each LCL filter shares one group of capacitors and one group of inductors, so that high-frequency harmonic current of the alternating current side can be reduced, and meanwhile, interference of unstable parameters of a power grid can be reduced.
A voltage sampling circuit is arranged at the junction of the low-voltage side and the low-voltage side of each DC/DC booster circuit; and a current sampling circuit is arranged at the confluence position of the high-voltage side of each DC/DC booster circuit. A voltage and current sampling circuit is also arranged on the direct current side of the DC/AC conversion circuit; a voltage sampling circuit is arranged on the alternating current side of the DC/AC conversion circuit; meanwhile, a current circuit is arranged in each IGBT circuit. The sampling circuit is used for realizing interconnection between the energy storage module and the energy storage control module and between the energy storage control module and the control module so as to ensure stable operation of the energy storage module and the current transformation module.
The current transformation module of the embodiment of the application adopts three paths of 100kW DC/DC booster circuits to adapt to the characteristics of low voltage and large current of the high-capacity zinc-iron flow battery, and the product is convenient to upgrade. The low voltage end of each DC/DC booster circuit can receive 138V-228V output (or charge) energy storage battery, and the three DC/DC booster circuits are connected in parallel to receive 2391A current. Thereby realizing the current transformation of the zinc-iron flow battery with low voltage, high current and large capacity energy storage. The three-way DC/DC boosting circuit boosts the direct current low voltage of the energy storage battery end to the direct current high voltage of 650V, then the direct current low voltage is converted into 315V three-phase alternating current through the DC/AC conversion circuit, and then the load is supplied with power or charged by mains supply through 315/400V isolation.
The LCL filter at the alternating current side can greatly reduce high-frequency harmonic waves at the alternating current side, meanwhile, the influence of unstable factors of a power grid can be reduced, and the stability of equipment is improved. The alternating-current side EMI filter can not only restrain the influence of high-frequency interference in a power grid on equipment, but also restrain the interference of the equipment on the power grid. The direct current side CL filter can filter out high-frequency components in direct current, reduce ripple of output current and voltage, and prolong the service life of the energy storage battery. The direct-current side EMI filter can reduce common-mode interference of the direct-current side and improve the stability of equipment.
The sampling circuit in the embodiment of the application can be connected with the control module and the current transformation module in a friendly way. The system can realize a steady-state control function, ensure safe and reliable operation of the system, and simultaneously formulate corresponding control strategies according to different scenes. The system has the characteristics of quick response, has excellent peak regulation performance, can be used as a power supply to release electric energy in the electricity peak period and can be used as a load to absorb electric energy in the electricity valley period, and the economical efficiency and the safety of the operation of a power grid are improved.
The operation of the energy storage system will be described in detail as follows:
(1) Charging process
And when the control module detects that the redundant electric energy exists in the power grid, the energy storage system is switched to a charging mode. In the charging mode, the high voltage side of the DC/DC boost circuit is the input and the low voltage side is the output. The electric energy application system outputs electric energy, the electric energy is subjected to voltage reduction through the DC/DC voltage-increasing circuit, and then the electric energy is transmitted to the zinc-iron flow battery after being subjected to alternating current-direct current conversion through the DC/AC conversion circuit, so that the zinc-iron flow battery is charged.
In the process of charging the zinc-iron flow battery, the energy storage control module, namely the battery management unit, can perform thermal management, electric quantity equalization and charge management according to the state condition of self-management zinc-iron flow battery; meanwhile, the DC/DC booster circuit adjusts the voltage of the low-voltage side according to the state condition of the zinc-iron flow battery in the energy storage module, so that the charging voltage of the zinc-iron flow battery is stable; and ensuring the stability of the transmission voltage and the transmission power of the energy storage system by cooperating with other DC/DC boost circuits in the energy storage system.
(2) Discharge process
When the control module detects that the zinc-iron flow battery is required to provide electric energy in the power grid and the energy storage system can discharge the electric energy, the energy storage system is switched to a discharging mode. In the discharging mode, the low-voltage side of the DC/DC booster circuit is an input end, and the high-voltage side is an output end; the electric energy stored in the zinc-iron flow battery is transmitted to a DC/DC booster circuit, and after the electric energy is boosted by the DC/DC booster circuit, the electric energy is transmitted to a power grid after being subjected to direct current-alternating current conversion by a DC/AC conversion circuit, so that the discharging process of the zinc-iron flow battery is realized.
In the discharging process of the zinc-iron flow battery, an energy storage control module, namely a battery management unit, carries out heat management, electric quantity equalization and discharging management on the battery pack according to the monitored state of the battery pack; meanwhile, the DC/DC booster circuit adjusts the voltage output by the high-voltage side according to the state of the zinc-iron redox flow battery in the energy storage module, and the higher the voltage of the high-voltage side of the DC/DC booster circuit is, the larger the output energy is; conversely, the smaller the voltage on the high side of the DC/DC boost circuit, the less the output energy. And ensuring that the transmission voltage and transmission power of the energy storage system are stable together with other DC/DC boost circuits in the energy storage system.
In a specific embodiment, the PCS of the current transformation module has a reliable and comprehensive protection method in the operation process, and once faults and anomalies are detected, the PCS stops working and sends out alarm signals, and protection is divided into hardware protection and software protection, wherein the hardware protection is provided with IGBT over-temperature over-current protection and direct current bus voltage protection. The software protection includes the following.
(1) Direct current overvoltage and undervoltage protection: PCS allows the maximum input voltage of the direct current side to be 350V, when the converter detects that the input voltage is higher than the limiting value, the converter disconnects the energy storage device from the power grid within 0.2-1s and sends out corresponding alarm information; when the PCS detects that the direct current voltage is lower than the set undervoltage fixed value, the converter can protect the machine from being stopped, and corresponding alarm information is sent out.
(2) Direct current overcurrent protection: the PCS can monitor the direct-current side current in real time, and when the current value exceeds a setting value, the converter disconnects the energy storage device from the power grid within 0.2-1s and sends out corresponding alarm information. The fixed value setting needs to be matched with the battery charge-discharge limiting current.
(3) Direct current reverse connection protection: and the PCS detects the direct current incoming line voltage of the current converting module in real time, and when the converter detects positive and negative reverse connection of the incoming line, the grid-connected contactor is automatically tripped, and the direct current breaker is tripped. After the polarity is connected, the converter can work normally.
(4) Ac/under voltage protection: in the grid-connected operation process of the converter, the allowable deviation of the grid voltage at the grid interface is +/-10% of the rated value, and when the grid voltage exceeds a specified range, the converter stops working and displays corresponding alarm information on a liquid crystal display of the control device.
(5) Alternating current/frequency-underrun protection: in the grid-connected operation process of the converter, the allowable range of the power grid frequency is 48.5Hz-51.5Hz, and when the power grid frequency exceeds the specified range, the converter stops working and displays corresponding alarm information on a liquid crystal display screen of the control device.
(6) Alternating current and current protection: in the grid-connected operation process of the converter, when the power grid is short-circuited, the converter can limit the alternating current output current to be within 120% of the rated value, and meanwhile, the energy storage device is disconnected from the power grid within 60 seconds, and corresponding alarm information is sent out.
In a specific embodiment, the energy storage module may be a zinc-iron flow battery.
In particular, the zinc-iron flow battery has the characteristics of low electrolyte cost, high safety, environmental friendliness and the like, and has a good application prospect in a large-scale flow battery. At present, a typical energy storage inverter is mostly applied to a lithium battery, so that it is very important to develop an energy storage inverter which is suitable for a zinc-iron flow battery.
As shown in fig. 11, the present invention provides a control method of an energy storage system based on the above embodiment, including:
according to feedback, a charging signal or a discharging signal is sent to the current transformation module;
converting alternating current electric energy into direct current electric energy according to a discharge signal and then reducing the voltage, or converting direct current electric energy into alternating current electric energy after boosting the voltage according to a charging signal;
storing or providing direct current electric energy;
and D, balancing and controlling direct current electric energy.
The energy storage system provided by the embodiment of the application utilizes the current transformation module to amplify the direct-current voltage signal of the zinc-iron flow battery, and then inverts the amplified direct-current voltage signal into an alternating-current voltage signal to be integrated into a power grid; the control strategy is reasonably selected according to different use scenes through the control module, so that the output of new energy power generation can be smoothed to a great extent, the power supply quality of a power grid is improved, the safe and reliable operation of the system is ensured, and the economical efficiency and the safety of the operation of the power grid are improved.
The foregoing is a further detailed description of the invention in connection with the preferred embodiments, and it is not intended that the invention be limited to the specific embodiments described. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several simple deductions or substitutions may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these should be considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method of controlling an energy storage system, comprising:
acquiring a sampling signal;
sending a charging signal or a discharging signal according to the feedback and the sampling signal;
converting alternating current into direct current according to the charging signal and then reducing the voltage, or converting direct current into alternating current after boosting according to the discharging signal;
equalizing and controlling the distribution of direct current;
storing or providing direct current;
the control method is executed by an energy storage system;
the energy storage system comprises:
the sampling module is connected with the current transformation module and is used for acquiring sampling signals;
the control module is connected with the sampling module and used for sending a charging signal or a discharging signal according to feedback and the sampling signal;
the current transformation module is connected with the control module and is used for converting alternating current into direct current and then reducing the voltage according to the charging signal or converting direct current into alternating current after boosting the voltage according to the discharging signal;
the energy storage control module is connected with the current transformation module and used for uniformly controlling the distribution of direct current;
the energy storage module is connected with the energy storage control module and used for storing or providing direct current;
the sampling signals comprise a current sampling signal and a voltage sampling signal;
the control module includes: the system comprises at least one EIA-485 communication interface, at least one RJ-45 Ethernet interface, at least one CAN interface, at least one optical fiber interface, at least one RS-232 printing interface and at least one RS-485 time synchronization interface;
the feedback comprises one or more of active power tracking, peak clipping and valley filling, planning curve, frequency modulation and voltage regulation, stabilizing fluctuation, power distribution and SOC adjustment;
the current transformation module comprises:
the direct current filter circuit is connected with the energy storage control module and used for reducing direct current common mode interference;
the boost circuit is connected with the direct current filter circuit and used for boosting direct current voltage;
the CL filter circuit is connected with the boost circuit and is used for filtering high-frequency components in direct current;
the conversion circuit is connected with the CL filter circuit and is used for converting alternating current into direct current and then reducing the voltage, or converting direct current into alternating current after boosting the voltage;
the LCL filter circuit is connected with the conversion circuit and used for reducing high-frequency harmonic waves in alternating current;
and the alternating current filter circuit is connected with the LCL filter circuit and used for inhibiting high-frequency interference in alternating current.
2. The control method of claim 1, wherein the current transformation module further comprises: the bypass switches are connected between the direct current filter circuit and the energy storage control module; and, between the LCL filter circuit and the ac filter circuit; and an output of the ac filter circuit.
3. The control method according to claim 1, wherein the dc boost circuit is a non-isolated Buck circuit or an isolated Buck circuit.
4. The control method of claim 1, wherein the switching circuit is a three-phase full-bridge IGBT switching circuit.
5. The control method of claim 1, wherein the energy storage module is a zinc-iron flow battery.
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| CN112821416B (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2022-10-04 | 上海申能新动力储能研发有限公司 | Fire-storage combined frequency modulation energy storage power distribution method |
| CN114268133A (en) * | 2021-12-06 | 2022-04-01 | 电子科技大学 | Power supply network frequency control method of power electronic energy storage system suitable for full-control device |
| CN115065075B (en) * | 2022-07-27 | 2022-11-29 | 湖南华大电工高科技有限公司 | Energy storage station optimal scheduling method, system and storage medium in wind storage cluster |
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