CN110011015B - Microwave triplexer with reconfigurable frequency and bandwidth - Google Patents

Microwave triplexer with reconfigurable frequency and bandwidth Download PDF

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CN110011015B
CN110011015B CN201910154181.6A CN201910154181A CN110011015B CN 110011015 B CN110011015 B CN 110011015B CN 201910154181 A CN201910154181 A CN 201910154181A CN 110011015 B CN110011015 B CN 110011015B
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bandwidth
frequency
adjustable
filter
channel
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田径
潘春洋
雷世文
胡皓全
陈波
唐璞
何子远
杨伟
李路同
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University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01PWAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/20Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
    • H01P1/213Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters combining or separating two or more different frequencies
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01PWAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/12Coupling devices having more than two ports
    • H01P5/16Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of microwave devices, and particularly relates to a microwave triplexer with reconfigurable frequency and bandwidth, which comprises three adjustable channels, wherein each adjustable channel consists of an input feeder port, an adjustable filter and an output feeder port, and the three channels share the input feeder port; each tunable filter comprises two orders of resonators loaded with frequency-adjusting variable capacitors and a bandwidth-adjusting variable capacitor loaded between the two orders of resonators; the continuous and rapid adjustment of the resonant frequency is realized by adjusting the bias voltage of the variable capacitance through adjusting the frequency; the continuous and quick adjustment of the bandwidth is realized by changing the bias voltage of the bandwidth adjusting variable capacitance. The invention can simultaneously realize the continuous and rapid adjustment of the center frequency and the bandwidth of each adjustable channel, and has simple device structure and convenient adjustment.

Description

Microwave triplexer with reconfigurable frequency and bandwidth
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of microwave devices, and particularly relates to a microwave triplexer with reconfigurable frequency and bandwidth.
Background
The main function of the multiplexer is to divide a broadband input signal into several outputs of required narrowband signals, which plays an extremely important role in frequency division in mobile communication. At present, with the rapid development of mobile communication systems, the miniaturization and reconfigurable functions are the mainstream trend of multiplexer development, and the conventional multiplexers mostly adopt cavity or waveguide structures, although the multiplexers have very high Q values, the multiplexers usually occupy larger sizes and are not suitable for being applied to miniaturized communication systems; only a few articles of microstrip frequency reconfigurable duplexers have been published, i.e. only the center frequencies of two channels can be simply adjusted, while there is less research on triplexers or more ports where the center frequency, bandwidth, or both can be adjusted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a microwave triplexer with reconfigurable center frequency and bandwidth aiming at the defects of the prior art; each channel adopts a two-step loaded varactor resonator, two varactors are loaded between the resonators to adjust the bandwidth, the common matching port only comprises connection matching with the first adjustable channel and the second adjustable channel, and the common matching port and the third adjustable channel are coupled for feeding, so that the adjustment is simple and easy to design; the frequency and bandwidth reconfigurable triplexer provided by the invention realizes the simultaneous adjustability of the frequency and bandwidth reconfigurable triplexer by a simple structure and a high-efficiency method, has a wider central frequency adjustable range due to the bandwidth adjustable characteristic, and has certain guiding significance for the research of reconfigurable multiplexers with other port types.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a microwave triplexer with reconfigurable frequency and bandwidth comprises an input main feeder port, a first output feeder port, a second output feeder port, a third output feeder port, a first adjustable filter, a second adjustable filter and a third adjustable filter; the system comprises an input main feeder port, a first adjustable filter, a first output feeder port, a second adjustable filter, a third output feeder port, a second adjustable channel, a third adjustable channel and a fourth adjustable channel, wherein the input main feeder port, the first adjustable filter and the first output feeder port form a first adjustable channel; the input main feeder port, the first adjustable filter and the second adjustable filter are directly connected to feed, and the input main feeder port and the third adjustable filter are fed through weak gap capacitive coupling; the first adjustable filter, the second adjustable filter and the third adjustable filter are respectively and directly connected with the corresponding output feeder line ports.
Further, the working frequency of the first adjustable channel is f1What is, what isThe working frequency of the second adjustable channel is f2The working frequency of the third adjustable channel is f3And the three satisfy the relationship: f. of1<f2<f3
Further, the first tunable filter and the second tunable filter have similar structures, and each include: the two-stage dressing line resonator, the two bandwidth adjusting variable capacitors and the four DC blocking capacitors; one end of each stage of resonator is grounded and short-circuited, the other end of each stage of resonator is grounded and short-circuited after being loaded with a frequency variable capacitor, and each resonator is loaded with a blocking capacitor; two bandwidth adjusting variable capacitors are connected in series and then loaded between the two-stage cosmetic line resonators, and a DC blocking capacitor is loaded between the bandwidth adjusting variable capacitor and the cosmetic line resonators.
Furthermore, the comb line resonator in the first tunable filter adopts a stepped impedance form; the comb line resonator in the second tunable filter is in the form of a uniform impedance.
Furthermore, a capacitor is loaded in the middle of the second tunable filter, one end of the capacitor is connected between the two bandwidth adjusting variable capacitors, and the other end of the capacitor is grounded and short-circuited, so that the equivalent coupling coefficient between the resonators is reduced.
Further, the third tunable filter includes: the device comprises a two-stage U-shaped uniform impedance resonator, two bandwidth adjusting variable capacitors and two DC blocking capacitors; the two ends of each stage of resonator are in an open circuit state, and the middle position of each stage of resonator is loaded with a frequency adjusting variable capacitor; two bandwidth adjusting variable capacitors are connected in series and then loaded between the two-stage U-shaped uniform impedance resonators, and a blocking capacitor is loaded between the bandwidth adjusting variable capacitor and the U-shaped uniform impedance resonator.
Furthermore, in the first tunable filter, the second tunable filter and the third tunable filter, the bias circuit of each variable capacitor adopts a loading resistor and is externally connected with a power supply.
Furthermore, the variable capacitor adopts a varactor diode.
Furthermore, in each adjustable channel, the resonance frequency is adjusted by adjusting the frequency to adjust the bias voltage of the variable capacitance; the bandwidth adjustment is realized by changing the bias voltage of the bandwidth adjustment variable capacitance.
It should be noted that, in the following description,
in the invention, each bias circuit of the variable capacitor adopts a mode of loading a resistor and externally connecting a power supply, and the bias circuit is simple in design and is beneficial to being welded on a microstrip substrate; the resistance value of the resistor is usually larger, the resistor is used for reducing the leakage of microwave signals, and the direct current signals are prevented from leaking to a microwave channel by correspondingly adding a direct current blocking capacitor; in the three adjustable filters, the bias circuits of the two bandwidth adjusting variable capacitors are arranged between the two bandwidth adjusting variable capacitors. In each adjustable channel, the junction capacitance is changed by changing the bias voltage of the frequency adjusting variable capacitance, so that the equivalent length of the resonator is changed immediately, and the continuous and quick adjustment of the resonant frequency is realized; by changing the bias voltage of the bandwidth adjusting variable capacitance, the junction capacitance is changed to change the coupling coefficient between the resonators, and the reconfigurable characteristic of the bandwidth is realized.
In the invention, the first adjustable channel and the second adjustable channel adopt a two-step dressing line structure, and the size of the resonator is smaller than that of other types under the same resonance frequency, thereby being beneficial to realizing the miniaturization of the whole model; and the operating frequency relationship of the three channels is f1<f2<f3The resonant frequency of the first tunable channel is the lowest, so to further reduce the footprint of the first tunable channel, the resonator is in the form of a stepped impedance, while the resonator of the second tunable channel is in the form of a uniform impedance.
In the invention, the input and output ports of the first adjustable channel and the second adjustable channel are fed by adopting a mode of directly connecting with the resonator, thereby facilitating the design of a public connection port; the input port and the output port of the third adjustable channel are different in feeding mode, wherein the output port adopts a directly connected feeding method, the input port adopts coupling feeding, and the external quality factor can be optimized only by adjusting the coupling gap distance between the input port and the resonator, namely the external quality factor at the required port is met.
In the invention, in the first tunable filter, the second tunable filter and the third tunable filter, the capacitance value of a blocking capacitor loaded between a bandwidth adjusting variable capacitor and a resonator is usually smaller; on one hand, the design of a variable capacitance diode bias circuit between resonators is facilitated, and the direct-current voltage is mainly isolated; on the other hand, the equivalent coupling capacitance between the resonators is reduced, so that the channel has a wider bandwidth adjustment range.
In terms of working principle:
it can be known from the comprehensive theory of the multiplexer that the design of the multiplexer is finally mainly reduced to the design of two parts, namely the design of the individual filter of each channel on one hand, and the matching design of the common connection port on the other hand, namely the multiplexer which combines a plurality of filters together in a certain way and forms better characteristics; in addition to focusing on these two points, it is necessary to study a method of implementing a reconfigurable function in designing a reconfigurable multiplexer. The invention provides a frequency and bandwidth reconfigurable triplexer, which comprises two aspects of adjustability, and for a microstrip structure, the frequency or bandwidth adjustability is realized mainly by loading a PIN diode or a variable capacitance diode, wherein the loaded PIN diode has two states of 'on' and 'off', although different tuning states can be formed, the frequency or bandwidth can not be continuously adjusted, and the central frequency or bandwidth required by a system can not be quickly and accurately reached, and the loaded variable capacitance diode can be quickly and continuously adjusted, so that more working states are realized; therefore, the invention adopts the variable capacitance diode. Secondly, the design key point of the single-channel filter lies in the selection of the type of the resonator, in order to realize the miniaturization of the triplexer structure, the first adjustable channel and the second adjustable channel of the invention adopt two-stage traditional cosmetic line resonators, and the center frequency of the third adjustable channel is the highest, a U-shaped uniform impedance resonator can be adopted.
To achieve channel bandwidth reconfiguration, note the expression
Figure BDA0001982361670000031
The relationship of the coupling coefficient between resonators and the channel bandwidth is described, where FBW is the percentage bandwidth of the filter, gi,gi+1Is the prototype value of the selected low-pass filter. Therefore, the coupling coefficient between the resonators is in direct proportion to the bandwidth, so that the varactor can be loaded between the resonators, and the coupling coefficient can be changed by changing the bias voltage: when the bias voltage is increased, the junction capacitance of the variable capacitance diode is reduced, the coupling coefficient is reduced, and the bandwidth is reduced; when the bias voltage is reduced, the junction capacitance of the varactor is increased, and the coupling coefficient is increased to increase the bandwidth, so that the bandwidth of the channel can be controlled.
The frequency reconfigurable characteristic means that the center frequency of each channel has adjustable characteristics in a certain range, and the adjustment method is that the junction capacitance is changed by changing the bias voltage of the loaded variable capacitance diode on the resonator, so that the equivalent length of the resonator is changed immediately, and then the resonant frequency is changed.
For matching connections at the common port, an important parameter at each feed port, i.e. the quality factor, needs to be of great concern and is inversely proportional to the relative bandwidth, there
Figure BDA0001982361670000041
Checking whether the quality factor meets the pass band requirement according to the group delay extraction method, i.e.
Figure BDA0001982361670000042
In the invention, the common connection port is directly connected with the first adjustable channel and the second adjustable channel in a feeding mode and is coupled with the third adjustable channel for feeding, so that the common matching port mainly comprises the matching between the first adjustable channel and the second adjustable channel, the adjustment is simple and the design is easy.
In conclusion, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the microwave triplexer with reconfigurable center frequency and bandwidth is provided, the center frequency and bandwidth of each tunable channel can be continuously and rapidly adjusted, and the device is simple in structure and convenient to adjust.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a top view of a frequency and bandwidth reconfigurable microwave triplexer of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of a frequency and bandwidth reconfigurable microwave triplexer of the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows the initial results of the frequency and bandwidth reconfigurable microwave triplexer of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows the return loss and insertion loss of the triplexer of the present invention during the adjustment of only the frequency and bandwidth of the first channel;
FIG. 5 shows the return loss and insertion loss of the triplexer of the present invention during the adjustment of only the frequency and bandwidth of the second channel;
FIG. 6 shows the return loss and insertion loss of the triplexer of the present invention during the adjustment of only the frequency and bandwidth of the third channel;
FIG. 7 is a graph of the isolation of the triplexer of the present invention during adjustment of the frequency and bandwidth of the third channel only;
FIG. 8 is the return loss and insertion loss for case 1 with the three channels of the triplexer of the present invention tuned for both frequency and bandwidth;
FIG. 9 is the return loss and insertion loss for case 2 with the three channels of the triplexer of the present invention tuned for both frequency and bandwidth;
reference numbers and corresponding device names in the drawings:
1-1 is an input main feeder port, 1-2 is a first output feeder port, 1-3 is a second output feeder port, 1-4 is a third output feeder port, 1-5 is a first adjustable filter, 1-6 is a second adjustable filter, and 1-7 is a third adjustable filter; 2 is a substrate; 3 is a metal ground; and 4 is an air cavity.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.
Examples
The present embodiment provides a frequency and bandwidth reconfigurable microwave triplexer, which has a main function of dividing a broadband input signal into three corresponding narrowband signals for output, including two aspects of central frequency reconfiguration and channel bandwidth reconfiguration. Each channel is a two-stage resonator, the equivalent length of the resonator is changed by loading a variable capacitance diode on the resonator and adjusting the junction capacitance of the variable capacitance diode, so that the resonant frequency of the channel is changed, and secondly, the variable capacitance diode is loaded between the resonators because the coupling coefficient between the resonators is in direct proportion to the bandwidth, so that the bias voltage of the variable capacitance diode is changed to change the coupling coefficient, and the bandwidth is adjusted.
The specific structure is as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the three adjustable channels are arranged on the upper surface of a substrate 2, the lower surface of the substrate is a metal ground 3, and the triplexer comprises an input main feeder port 1-1, a first output feeder port 1-2, a second output feeder port 1-3, a third output feeder port 1-4, a first adjustable filter 1-5, a second adjustable filter 1-6 and a third adjustable filter 1-7; the system comprises an input main feeder port, a first adjustable filter, a first output feeder port, a second adjustable filter, a third output feeder port, a second adjustable channel, a third adjustable channel and a fourth adjustable channel, wherein the input main feeder port, the first adjustable filter and the first output feeder port form a first adjustable channel; the input main feeder port, the first adjustable filter and the second adjustable filter are directly connected to feed, and the input main feeder port and the third adjustable filter are fed through weak gap capacitive coupling; the first adjustable filter, the second adjustable filter and the third adjustable filter are respectively and directly connected with the corresponding output feeder line ports.
The first tunable filter and the second tunable filter have similar structures, and both include: the two-stage dressing line resonator, the two bandwidth adjusting variable capacitors and the four DC blocking capacitors; one end of each stage of resonator is grounded and short-circuited, the other end of each stage of resonator is grounded and short-circuited after being loaded with a frequency variable capacitor, and each resonator is loaded with a blocking capacitor; two bandwidth adjusting variable capacitors are connected in series and then loaded between the two-stage cosmetic line resonators, and a DC blocking capacitor is loaded between the bandwidth adjusting variable capacitor and the cosmetic line resonators. To satisfy the operating frequency relationship of the three channels is f1<f2<f3Therefore, the comb line resonator in the first tunable filter adopts a stepped impedance form; comb line resonator in second tunable filter using uniformA form of impedance; and different from the first tunable channel, the second tunable filter is loaded with a capacitor, one end of the capacitor is connected between the two variable capacitors, and the other end of the capacitor is grounded and short-circuited to reduce the equivalent coupling coefficient between the resonators.
The third tunable filter includes: the device comprises a two-stage U-shaped uniform impedance resonator, two bandwidth adjusting variable capacitors and two DC blocking capacitors; the two ends of each stage of resonator are in an open circuit state, and the middle position of each stage of resonator is loaded with a frequency adjusting variable capacitor; two bandwidth adjusting variable capacitors are connected in series and then loaded between the two-stage U-shaped uniform impedance resonators, and a blocking capacitor is loaded between the bandwidth adjusting variable capacitor and the U-shaped uniform impedance resonator.
In this embodiment, the variable capacitor is a varactor diode; in the first tunable filter, the second tunable filter and the third tunable filter, a bias circuit of each variable capacitor adopts a mode of loading a resistor and externally connecting a power supply.
After the type of each channel resonator is determined, the physical size of the resonator needs to be determined according to the actual design requirement, and the initial design center frequency of the frequency and bandwidth reconfigurable triplexer of the embodiment is set as follows: 1.6GHz, 2.1GHz and 2.6GHz at 500MHz spacing, initially given that the capacitance of each varactor is 1pF, the substrate used rogues 5880 with a thickness of 0.787mm, from which the specific physical dimensions of the resonator can be determined.
As shown in fig. 3 to fig. 9, it can be seen from the simulation results of the reconfigurable microwave triplexer of the present embodiment that the center frequency of each channel can be adjusted independently or simultaneously, and the bandwidth can also be adjusted within a certain range. As can be seen from FIG. 3, the initial simulation results show that the three channels have better in-band matching, all having S11Less than or equal to-20 dB and insertion loss less than 1.3 dB. Fig. 4 to 9 illustrate simulation characteristics when the frequency and bandwidth of the triplexer are adjusted, where fig. 4 to 6 are results of independently adjusting the first, second, and third tunable channels, respectively, it is easy to know that when one channel is independently adjusted, the transmission characteristics of the other channels are hardly affected, specifically, the three channels each have a frequency reconfigurable range of about 400MHz, and the dotted line portions in the diagrams are againThe tunable characteristic of the bandwidth is shown, i.e. the in-band matching becomes better as the bandwidth increases. Fig. 7 shows that the isolation between the ports is greater than 28dB in all conditions of tuning the third tunable passage. Fig. 8 and 9 show two states of three adjustable channels being adjusted simultaneously, and it can be seen that the center frequencies of the corresponding channels in the two diagrams are different, that is, a certain range of frequency reconfiguration is realized, and the dotted line part in the diagrams is the result of bandwidth adjustment, and indicates the bandwidth reconfiguration characteristic. In summary, it can be obtained from the simulation result that the triplexer of the present invention realizes reconfigurable functions in both channel frequency and bandwidth.
While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, any feature disclosed in this specification may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise; all of the disclosed features, or all of the method or process steps, may be combined in any combination, except mutually exclusive features and/or steps.

Claims (7)

1. A microwave triplexer with reconfigurable frequency and bandwidth comprises an input main feeder port, a first output feeder port, a second output feeder port, a third output feeder port, a first adjustable filter, a second adjustable filter and a third adjustable filter; the system comprises an input main feeder port, a first adjustable filter, a first output feeder port, a second adjustable filter, a third output feeder port, a second adjustable channel, a third adjustable channel and a fourth adjustable channel, wherein the input main feeder port, the first adjustable filter and the first output feeder port form a first adjustable channel; the input main feeder port, the first adjustable filter and the second adjustable filter are directly connected to feed, and the input main feeder port and the third adjustable filter are fed through weak gap capacitive coupling; the first adjustable filter, the second adjustable filter and the third adjustable filter are respectively and directly connected with corresponding output feeder line ports;
the first tunable filter and the second tunable filter have similar structures, and both include: the two-stage dressing line resonator, the two bandwidth adjusting variable capacitors and the four DC blocking capacitors; one end of each stage of resonator is in a ground short circuit, the other end of each stage of resonator is in a ground short circuit after being loaded with a frequency adjusting variable capacitor, and each resonator is loaded with a blocking capacitor; two bandwidth adjusting variable capacitors are connected in series and then loaded between the two-stage cosmetic line resonators, and a DC blocking capacitor is loaded between the bandwidth adjusting variable capacitor and the cosmetic line resonators;
the third tunable filter includes: the device comprises a two-stage U-shaped uniform impedance resonator, two bandwidth adjusting variable capacitors and two DC blocking capacitors; the two ends of each stage of resonator are in an open circuit state, and the middle position of each stage of resonator is loaded with a frequency adjusting variable capacitor; two bandwidth adjusting variable capacitors are connected in series and then loaded between the two-stage U-shaped uniform impedance resonators, and a blocking capacitor is loaded between the bandwidth adjusting variable capacitor and the U-shaped uniform impedance resonator.
2. The frequency and bandwidth reconfigurable microwave triplexer of claim 1 wherein said first tunable channel has an operating frequency f1The operating frequency of the second adjustable channel is f2The working frequency of the third adjustable channel is f3And the three satisfy the relationship: f. of1<f2<f3
3. A frequency and bandwidth reconfigurable microwave triplexer as claimed in claim 1 wherein resonators in said first tunable filter are in the form of stepped impedances; the resonators in the second tunable filter are in the form of uniform impedances.
4. A frequency and bandwidth reconfigurable microwave triplexer as claimed in claim 1 wherein said second tunable filter is further loaded with a capacitor having one end connected between two bandwidth tunable variable capacitors and one end short-circuited to ground.
5. A frequency and bandwidth reconfigurable microwave triplexer as claimed in claim 1 wherein the bias circuit of each of the variable capacitors in the first tunable filter, the second tunable filter and the third tunable filter is implemented by a loading resistor and an external power supply.
6. A frequency and bandwidth reconfigurable microwave triplexer as claimed in claim 1 wherein said variable capacitor is implemented as a varactor.
7. The frequency and bandwidth reconfigurable microwave triplexer of claim 1 wherein in each tunable channel, resonant frequency tuning is achieved by adjusting the frequency to adjust the bias of a varactor; and the bandwidth is adjusted by adjusting the bias voltage of the bandwidth adjusting variable capacitance.
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