CN110008522A - A kind of refractor equation of impulse turbine Coefficient Analysis method - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种冲击式水轮机折向器方程系数分析方法，属于电力设备技术领域。本发明针对冲击式水轮机，在已经成熟的混流式水轮机过渡过程计算的理论基础上，引入折向器调节因素，给出大波动过渡过程转速的数学模型。考虑折向器动作和机组中的流量关系引入折向器方程并推导出折向器方程系数与时间的函数关系模型。本发明依据转矩求解转速时只要厂家提供详细的机组特性曲线即可求出准确的理论值；依据出力侧求解，则需要引进折向器方程，即射到水斗上的流量与折向器开度间的关系函数。本发明推导出折向器方程系数与时间的关系表达式，为以后冲击式水电站大波动过程的研究和设计提供了一定依据,对折向器方程系数的计算和分析具有一定的实际意义。
The invention relates to a method for analyzing equation coefficients of an impulsive water turbine deflector, belonging to the technical field of electric power equipment. Aiming at the impact-type water turbine, the invention introduces a diverter adjustment factor on the basis of the mature theory of the transition process calculation of the Francis turbine, and provides a mathematical model of the rotational speed of the large-fluctuation transition process. Considering the action of the deflector and the flow relationship in the unit, the deflector equation is introduced, and the functional relationship model of the coefficient of the deflector equation and time is deduced. When the invention solves the rotational speed according to the torque, the accurate theoretical value can be obtained as long as the manufacturer provides the detailed characteristic curve of the unit; to solve according to the output side, the deflector equation needs to be introduced, that is, the flow rate injected to the bucket and the deflector The relationship function between the opening degrees. The invention derives the relational expression between the diverter equation coefficient and time, which provides a certain basis for the research and design of the large fluctuation process of the impact hydropower station in the future, and has certain practical significance for the calculation and analysis of the diverter equation coefficient.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种冲击式水轮机折向器方程系数分析方法，属于电力设备技术领域。The invention relates to a method for analyzing equation coefficients of an impulsive water turbine deflector, belonging to the technical field of electric power equipment.
背景技术Background technique
冲击式水轮机是借助于特殊导水机构喷管引出具有动能的射流冲向转轮水斗，使转轮旋转做功，从而完成将水能转换成机械能的一种水力原动机。其流量调节通过移动喷针位置来实现，喷针的移动由调速器控制接力器操纵。当机组100％全甩负荷时，为了避免水轮机组的转速上升，要尽快关闭喷嘴以减少流量，可是关闭速度过快会在压力水管中产生水击现象使压力上升。所以甩负荷时折向器迅速将喷向水头的射流隔开同时喷针缓慢关闭。在机组甩负荷的过程中就要分析折向器与喷嘴对流量的控制情况以及射流对水斗形成的转矩和转速的影响。在大波动稳定的计算中不仅要考虑喷嘴的作用，也要考虑折向器的作用，需要进行折向器方程的计算。所以折向器方程也就是折向器动作对水流量的影响关系,其系数的准确性对于工程的计算比较重要。The impact turbine is a hydraulic prime mover that converts water energy into mechanical energy by drawing out a jet with kinetic energy from the nozzle of a special water guiding mechanism and rushing to the runner bucket to make the runner rotate to do work. Its flow adjustment is realized by moving the needle position, and the movement of the needle is controlled by the governor control relay. When the unit is 100% fully loaded, in order to avoid the speed increase of the turbine unit, the nozzle should be closed as soon as possible to reduce the flow, but the closing speed is too fast, which will cause water hammer in the pressure water pipe and increase the pressure. Therefore, when the load is dumped, the deflector quickly separates the jet to the water head and the nozzle is slowly closed. In the process of load rejection of the unit, it is necessary to analyze the control of the flow by the deflector and the nozzle, and the influence of the jet on the torque and speed of the bucket. In the calculation of large fluctuation stability, not only the function of the nozzle, but also the function of the deflector should be considered, and the calculation of the deflector equation needs to be carried out. Therefore, the diverter equation is also the relationship between the diverter action and the water flow, and the accuracy of its coefficients is important for engineering calculations.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明提供了一种冲击式水轮机折向器方程系数分析方法，推导出折向器方程系数与时间的关系表达式，为以后冲击式水电站大波动过程的研究和设计提供了一定的依据,对折向器方程系数的计算和分析具有一定的实际意义。The invention provides a method for analyzing the equation coefficients of the diverter equation of an impingement type water turbine, and deduces the relationship expression between the diverter equation coefficient and time, which provides a certain basis for the research and design of the large fluctuation process of the impingement type hydropower station in the future. The calculation and analysis of the coefficients of the vector equation have certain practical significance.
为实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：提供了一种冲击式水轮机折向器方程系数分析方法，本发明针对冲击式水轮机，在已经成熟的混流式水轮机过渡过程计算的理论基础上，引入折向器调节因素，给出大波动过渡过程转速的数学模型。考虑折向器动作和机组中的流量关系引入折向器方程并推导出折向器方程系数与时间的函数关系模型。In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a method for analyzing the equation coefficients of the deflector of an impingement type water turbine is provided. The present invention is aimed at an impingement type water turbine. The adjustment factor of the diverter is introduced, and the mathematical model of the rotational speed in the transition process of large fluctuation is given. Considering the action of the deflector and the flow relationship in the unit, the deflector equation is introduced, and the functional relationship model of the coefficient of the deflector equation and time is deduced.
具体地，针对冲击式水轮机，在已经成熟的混流式水轮机过渡过程计算的理论基础上，引入折向器调节因素，给出大波动过渡过程转速的数学模型：Specifically, for the impact turbine, on the basis of the mature theory of the transition process calculation of Francis turbine, the diverter adjustment factor is introduced, and the mathematical model of the rotational speed in the transition process with large fluctuations is given:
对于机组100％全甩负荷的大波动情况下有发电机功率Ng＝0或发电机电磁转矩Mg＝0；For the large fluctuation of 100% full load rejection of the unit, there is generator power N g =0 or generator electromagnetic torque M g =0;
(1)依据转矩求解(1) Solving according to torque
根据厂家提供的水轮机特性曲线，可以利用转矩求解水轮机的转速升高值。对水轮发电机组的转动方程积分求解；According to the turbine characteristic curve provided by the manufacturer, the torque can be used to solve the speed increase value of the turbine. Solve the integral solution of the rotation equation of the hydro-generator unit;
式中:n为发电机转速；n0为发电机初始转速；J为机组转动部分和水体附加的转动惯量；Mt为t时刻的水轮机转矩；Mt0为水轮机初始转矩；γ表示水的重度；Q水斗表示喷嘴射到水轮机的流量；H表示水轮机的工作水头；η水轮机的总效率；In the formula: n is the rotational speed of the generator; n 0 is the initial rotational speed of the generator; J is the rotational inertia added to the rotating part of the unit and the water body; M t is the torque of the turbine at time t; M t0 is the initial torque of the turbine; γ represents the water The severity of ; Q bucket represents the flow of the nozzle to the turbine; H represents the working head of the turbine; η the total efficiency of the turbine;
⑵依据出力进行求解(2) Solve according to the output
式中Nt0为水轮机初始功率，N＝γ·Q水斗·H·η,γ＝9.81KN/m3,[GD2]飞轮力矩t·m3；where N t0 is the initial power of the turbine, N=γ·Q bucket ·H·η, γ=9.81KN/m 3 , [GD 2 ] flywheel torque t·m 3 ;
具体地，考虑折向器动作和机组中的流量关系引入折向器方程并推导出折向器方程系数与时间的函数关系模型：Specifically, considering the action of the deflector and the flow relationship in the unit, the deflector equation is introduced, and the functional relationship model between the coefficient of the deflector equation and time is deduced:
由于折向器的作用，喷嘴前管道中的流量和水轮机组中的流量不同，在计算出力时，应将折向器动作和机组中的流量关系考虑在内，所以引入折向器方程；Due to the function of the deflector, the flow in the pipeline before the nozzle is different from that in the turbine unit. When calculating the output, the relationship between the action of the deflector and the flow rate in the unit should be considered, so the deflector equation is introduced;
假定水轮机的流量和喷嘴的流量呈直线关系，即It is assumed that the flow rate of the turbine and the flow rate of the nozzle are in a linear relationship, that is,
Q水斗＝δ·Q喷 Q bucket = δ·Q spray
其中，δ为折向器方程系数，其取值可通过从物理本质出发分析折向器的动作对流量的影响来确定；Q喷为喷嘴射出水流量；Among them, δ is the coefficient of the deflector equation, and its value can be determined by analyzing the influence of the action of the deflector on the flow rate from the physical essence; Q jet is the water flow rate of the nozzle;
对应于喷针开度τ，射流直径d的折向器起作用的始末边界点的弧度值Ls,Lz为：Corresponding to the needle opening τ, the radian value L s , L z of the beginning and end boundary points where the deflector of the jet diameter d works is:
式中：L0为折向器的长度；b0为平衡位置距离最大开度对应的射流上边缘；d0为最大开度对应的射流直径为。In the formula: L 0 is the length of the deflector; b 0 is the upper edge of the jet corresponding to the maximum opening from the equilibrium position; d 0 is the diameter of the jet corresponding to the maximum opening.
其具体取值与折向器尺寸及安装位置以及针阀不同开度导致的不同射流直径有关。Its specific value is related to the size and installation position of the deflector and the different jet diameters caused by different opening degrees of the needle valve.
从而，可推出折向器方程中系数δ的表达式：Thus, the expression for the coefficient δ in the diverter equation can be derived:
其中θ为折向器偏转的弧度值。Where θ is the radian value of the deflection of the deflector.
假设折向器从平衡位置到针阀上端位置的动作时间忽略不计，从针阀上端位置开始做匀速圆周运动，角速度为平衡位置与针阀上端位置夹角为θ1，所以弧度θ对应的角度值为：Assuming that the action time of the deflector from the equilibrium position to the upper end position of the needle valve is negligible, the uniform circular motion starts from the upper end position of the needle valve, and the angular velocity is The angle between the equilibrium position and the upper end position of the needle valve is θ 1 , so the angle corresponding to radian θ is:
弧度值：Radian value:
所以在t时刻通过射流直径d可以确定τ值：Therefore, the value of τ can be determined by the jet diameter d at time t:
从而可以确定折向器作用始末边界点对应的弧度值。Thereby, the radian value corresponding to the boundary point at the beginning and end of the action of the deflector can be determined.
折向器方程系数与时间t的函数关系模型：The functional relationship model of the diverter equation coefficients and time t:
本发明的有益效果是：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
(1)本发明依据转矩求解时只要厂家提供详细的机组特性曲线可求出准确的理论值；(1) The present invention can obtain the accurate theoretical value as long as the manufacturer provides the detailed unit characteristic curve when the torque is solved;
(2)本发明推导出折向器方程系数与时间的关系表达式，为以后冲击式水电站大波动过程的研究和设计提供了一定的依据,对折向器方程系数的计算和分析具有一定的实际意义。(2) The present invention derives the relational expression between the coefficient of the deflector equation and time, which provides a certain basis for the research and design of the large fluctuation process of the impact hydropower station in the future, and has certain practicality for the calculation and analysis of the coefficient of the deflector equation. significance.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明整体流程图；Fig. 1 is the overall flow chart of the present invention;
图2冲击式水轮机折向器动作示意图。Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the action of the deflector of the impact turbine.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，下面结合附图和具体实施例，对本发明作进一步详细说明。In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
实施例1：如图1-2所示，一种冲击式水轮机折向器方程系数分析方法，包括：针对冲击式水轮机，在已经成熟的混流式水轮机过渡过程计算的理论基础上，引入折向器调节因素，给出大波动过渡过程转速的数学模型。考虑折向器动作和机组中的流量关系引入折向器方程并推导出折向器方程系数与时间的函数关系模型。Embodiment 1: As shown in Figures 1-2, a method for analyzing the coefficients of the diverter equation of an impingement turbine, including: for an impingement turbine, on the basis of the mature theory of the calculation of the transition process of the Francis turbine, the introduction of the diverter A mathematical model of the rotational speed in the transition process with large fluctuations is given. Considering the action of the deflector and the flow relationship in the unit, the deflector equation is introduced, and the functional relationship model of the coefficient of the deflector equation and time is deduced.
进一步地，大波动过渡过程冲击式水轮机转速数学模型：Further, the mathematical model of the rotational speed of the impingement turbine in the large fluctuation transition process:
对于机组100％全甩负荷的大波动情况下有发电机功率Ng＝0或发电机电磁转矩Mg＝0；For the large fluctuation of 100% full load rejection of the unit, there is generator power N g =0 or generator electromagnetic torque M g =0;
(1)依据转矩求解(1) Solving according to torque
根据厂家提供的水轮机特性曲线，可以利用转矩求解水轮机的转速升高值。对水轮发电机组的转动方程积分求解；According to the turbine characteristic curve provided by the manufacturer, the torque can be used to solve the speed increase value of the turbine. Solve the integral solution of the rotation equation of the hydro-generator unit;
式中:n为发电机转速；n0为发电机初始转速；J为机组转动部分和水体附加的转动惯量；Mt为t时刻的水轮机转矩；Mt0为水轮机初始转矩；γ表示水的重度；Q水斗表示喷嘴射到水轮机的流量；H表示水轮机的工作水头；η水轮机的总效率；In the formula: n is the rotational speed of the generator; n 0 is the initial rotational speed of the generator; J is the rotational inertia added to the rotating part of the unit and the water body; M t is the torque of the turbine at time t; M t0 is the initial torque of the turbine; γ represents the water The severity of ; Q bucket represents the flow of the nozzle to the turbine; H represents the working head of the turbine; η the total efficiency of the turbine;
⑵依据出力进行求解(2) Solve according to the output
式中Nt0为水轮机初始功率，N＝γ·Q水斗·H·η,γ＝9.81KN/m3,[GD2]飞轮力矩t·m3。where N t0 is the initial power of the turbine, N=γ·Q bucket ·H·η, γ=9.81KN/m 3 , [GD 2 ] flywheel torque t·m 3 .
进一步地，考虑折向器动作和机组中的流量关系引入折向器方程并推导出折向器方程系数与时间的函数关系模型：Further, considering the action of the deflector and the flow relationship in the unit, the deflector equation is introduced, and the functional relationship model between the coefficient of the deflector equation and time is deduced:
由于折向器的作用，喷嘴前管道中的流量和水轮机组中的流量不同，冲击式水轮机折向器动作示意图如图2所示。在计算出力时，应将折向器动作和机组中的流量关系考虑在内，所以引入折向器方程；Due to the action of the deflector, the flow rate in the pipeline in front of the nozzle is different from that in the turbine unit. The action diagram of the deflector of the impact turbine is shown in Figure 2. When calculating the output, the relationship between the action of the deflector and the flow rate in the unit should be taken into account, so the equation of the deflector is introduced;
假定水轮机的流量和喷嘴的流量呈直线关系，即It is assumed that the flow rate of the turbine and the flow rate of the nozzle are in a linear relationship, that is,
Q水斗＝δ·Q喷 Q bucket = δ·Q spray
其中，δ为折向器方程系数，其取值可通过从物理本质出发分析折向器的动作对流量的影响来确定；Q喷为喷嘴射出水流量；Among them, δ is the coefficient of the deflector equation, and its value can be determined by analyzing the influence of the action of the deflector on the flow rate from the physical essence; Q jet is the water flow rate of the nozzle;
折向器的动作过程分析：Analysis of the action process of the deflector:
①在位置1～2之间，流量不随折向器的动作而变化，始终等于喷嘴的流量，即仅受喷嘴的影响，δ＝1；① Between positions 1 and 2, the flow rate does not change with the action of the deflector, and is always equal to the flow rate of the nozzle, that is, only affected by the nozzle, δ=1;
②在位置2～5之间，流量不仅受喷针的影响，而且还受折向器的影响，其值小于喷针的流量，大于0，即0＜δ＜1；② Between positions 2 and 5, the flow is not only affected by the needle, but also by the deflector, its value is less than the flow of the needle, greater than 0, that is, 0 < δ < 1;
③在位置5～6之间，流量的变化仅受折向器的影响，与喷嘴开度的变化无关，始终为0，即δ＝0；③ Between positions 5 and 6, the change of flow is only affected by the deflector, and has nothing to do with the change of the nozzle opening, which is always 0, that is, δ=0;
对应于喷针开度τ，射流直径d的折向器起作用的始末边界点的弧度值Ls,Lz为：Corresponding to the needle opening τ, the radian value L s , L z of the beginning and end boundary points where the deflector of the jet diameter d works is:
式中：L0为折向器的长度；b0为平衡位置距离最大开度对应的射流上边缘；d0为最大开度对应的射流直径为。In the formula: L 0 is the length of the deflector; b 0 is the upper edge of the jet corresponding to the maximum opening from the equilibrium position; d 0 is the diameter of the jet corresponding to the maximum opening.
其具体取值与折向器尺寸及安装位置以及针阀不同开度导致的不同射流直径有关。Its specific value is related to the size and installation position of the deflector and the different jet diameters caused by different opening degrees of the needle valve.
从而，可推出折向器方程中系数δ的表达式：Thus, the expression for the coefficient δ in the diverter equation can be derived:
其中θ为折向器偏转的弧度值。Where θ is the radian value of the deflection of the deflector.
假设折向器从平衡位置到针阀上端位置的动作时间忽略不计，从针阀上端位置开始做匀速圆周运动，角速度为平衡位置与针阀上端位置夹角为θ1，所以弧度θ对应的角度值为：Assuming that the action time of the deflector from the equilibrium position to the upper end position of the needle valve is negligible, the uniform circular motion starts from the upper end position of the needle valve, and the angular velocity is The angle between the equilibrium position and the upper end position of the needle valve is θ 1 , so the angle corresponding to radian θ is:
弧度值：Radian value:
所以在t时刻通过射流直径d可以确定τ值：Therefore, the value of τ can be determined by the jet diameter d at time t:
从而可以确定折向器作用始末边界点对应的弧度值。Thereby, the radian value corresponding to the boundary point at the beginning and end of the action of the deflector can be determined.
折向器方程系数与时间t的函数关系模型：The functional relationship model of the diverter equation coefficients and time t:
以上结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作了详细说明，但是本发明并不限于上述实施方式，在本领域普通技术人员所具备的知识范围内，还可以在不脱离本发明宗旨的前提下作出各种变化。The specific embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and can also be made within the scope of knowledge possessed by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Various changes.
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| CN201910179760.6A Pending CN110008522A (en) | 2019-03-11 | 2019-03-11 | A kind of refractor equation of impulse turbine Coefficient Analysis method |
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| CN (1) | CN110008522A (en) |
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| CN112487733A (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-03-12 | 长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司 | Method and system for calculating adjustment guarantee value of axial flow through-flow type turbine unit |
| CN116448304A (en) * | 2023-06-16 | 2023-07-18 | 哈尔滨电机厂有限责任公司 | Model hydroturbine deflector static moment measuring device |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112487733A (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-03-12 | 长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司 | Method and system for calculating adjustment guarantee value of axial flow through-flow type turbine unit |
| CN112487733B (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2022-06-28 | 长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司 | Numerical Calculation Method and System for Adjustment Guarantee of Axial Tubular Turbine Unit |
| CN116448304A (en) * | 2023-06-16 | 2023-07-18 | 哈尔滨电机厂有限责任公司 | Model hydroturbine deflector static moment measuring device |
| CN116448304B (en) * | 2023-06-16 | 2023-12-19 | 哈尔滨电机厂有限责任公司 | Model hydroturbine deflector static moment measuring device |
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