CN110007108A - For assessing the device of the phase signal of motor - Google Patents

For assessing the device of the phase signal of motor Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110007108A
CN110007108A CN201811543885.4A CN201811543885A CN110007108A CN 110007108 A CN110007108 A CN 110007108A CN 201811543885 A CN201811543885 A CN 201811543885A CN 110007108 A CN110007108 A CN 110007108A
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Prior art keywords
signal
phase
phase signal
motor
triggering
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CN201811543885.4A
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CN110007108B (en
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B.赖内克
J.米勒
S.格罗德
W.菲舍尔
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P3/00—Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
    • G01P3/42—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means
    • G01P3/44—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed
    • G01P3/48—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage
    • G01P3/481—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage of pulse signals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/243—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the phase or frequency of ac
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P3/00—Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
    • G01P3/42—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means
    • G01P3/44—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed
    • G01P3/48—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
  • Transmission And Conversion Of Sensor Element Output (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of for assessing the phase signal (U of motor (30)U、UV、UW、IU、IV、IW) device, described device have input terminal (UI2) and output end (UO2), operational amplifier (O) is disposed between the input terminal and the output end, wherein in the operational amplifier (O) and the output end (UO2) between be so disposed with blocking equipment (B) so that triggering phase signal (UUt) arrive the output end (UO2) be delivered in duration (Z0) in be suppressed, the duration depend on retarding mechanism (T).

Description

For assessing the device of the phase signal of motor
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of for assessing the device of the phase signal of motor, for determining revolving speed or the rotation of axis Angle Position.
Background technique
The revolving speed of the crankshaft of internal combustion engine is the basic input quantity of the multiple functions for electronic engine control.For it It obtains, can be in main body with identical angular distance setting flag, the main body rotates together with the crankshaft of internal combustion engine.Label is plunderred Evaluation electronics can be detected by sensor and can be passed to as electric signal by crossing, and described skim over is crankshaft rotation Result.
For crankshaft, corresponding spin angular position, this electronic device is identified as this and the signal stored or survey The time difference is measured, further, it is possible to thus revolving speed to obtain angular speed and is obtained based on the known angular distance between two labels, institute Signal is stated for marking, the time difference is the time difference between two labels.For motor vehicle, especially with regard to motor For vehicle, trail bike (Moped) or motor-mounted bicycle (Kraftr der), label can for example pass through so-called sensing Wheel, the gear of metal tooth provides, and the gear is preferably made of ferromagnetic material, the tooth is moved by it in sensor In cause the variation in magnetic field.The gap of some teeth can be used as reference mark, reference mark absolute position for identification.? The tooth (60 teeth are uniformly distributed, wherein 2 teeth keep leaving a blank as reference mark) of 60-2 is at most used in passenger car, And the tooth of 36-2,24-2 are for example also used in motorcycle or motor-mounted bicycle.It is determining or indirect with regard to this indirect revolving speed For the principle for determining the spin angular position of crankshaft, the resolution ratio of tach signal or the absolute sense of spin angular position pass through tooth Quantity and determined by reference mark, reliable identification.
For each modern vehicle with internal combustion engine, motor is installed in the form of generator, the motor passes through The rotation of crankshaft drives.This provides electric signal, also, for electric energy supply of vehicles and be vehicle battery charging.Do not having In the case where having this generator, vehicle, prespecified operation is impossible or is within the very short time only It is possible.
Such as in 0664887 B1 of EP, the use of the electric output of motor (generator) is used for revolving speed and determines, described Motor is driven by crankshaft.For this purpose, the phase of generator can be used as benchmark, apply the direct current of pulsation at the phase Pressure.When using multiple phases to determine revolving speed, the phase, corresponding signal, also, corresponding letter are usually detected Number it is individually transmitted to assessment unit, the assessment unit obtains the revolving speed of generator from signal.It is corresponding in order to pre-process Phase signal, used assessment circuit in the prior art, corresponding phase pre-processed by means of the assessment circuit Phase signal is for further handling.However, these known devices are to the noise or other signal waves in signal Dynamic resistance is smaller.
Therefore, it is desirable to improve assessment circuit as follows, make it on the interference noise in phase signal to be assessed influence compared with It is insensitive.As a result, from the phase signal of motor, especially can further improve rotor and therefore coupled with it The acquisition of the revolving speed or spin angular position of crankshaft.
Summary of the invention
According to the invention it is proposed that the device of the feature with claim 1.Advantageous scheme be dependent claims and Theme described below.
Invention advantage
Within the framework of the invention, be used for for assessing the device of the phase signal of motor, on signalling technique pretreatment or Person assesses at least one phase signal in the phase signal of motor.This device has input terminal and output end, in input terminal Operational amplifier is disposed between output end, wherein the operational amplifier is raw by the phase signal for being applied to input end At the phase signal of triggering, wherein be so disposed with retarding mechanism and blocking equipment between operational amplifier and output end, make The transmitting of the phase signal that must be triggered to output end is suppressed in duration, and the duration depends on retarding mechanism. Blocking equipment is made of two switches and an inverter stages, also, the delay in retarding mechanism is prevented after switching output signal New switching occurs in time.The phase signal of triggering and the difference of conventional phase signal are in particular, in that it only includes data The subset of point, the subset are currently generated by operational amplifier, corresponding temporal manipulation.
Currently, the time rule (zeitliche Regelung) of the wiring (Beschaltung) of operational amplifier by It is generated in retarding mechanism, the retarding mechanism is arranged in after operational amplifier and connect with its output end.Therefore, by It can be realized the temporal filtering of phase signal in retarding mechanism, the phase signal reaches at operational amplifier, thus especially The temporal filtering to interference signal and corresponding inhibition can be generated, especially about the zero crossing of phase signal.
In a preferred embodiment, retarding mechanism has resistance and capacitor.The capacitor of retarding mechanism passes through operation amplifier The output end of the device and resistance by being arranged in upstream is to be powered, also, thus charge, and therefore form time control Switch element.Therefore, after the output end of handover evaluation circuit, especially with regard to high frequency switching or making an uproar in input end For sound, the output end of assessment circuit, new switching can be inhibited by the combination of retarding mechanism and blocking equipment, until Pass by by the retarding mechanism time given in advance, the blocking equipment is arranged in after retarding mechanism, and the blocking is set It is standby preferably to be constructed in the form of two R/S- triggers and an inverter stages or in the form of other electronic circuits, the electronics Circuit has corresponding functional.Therefore, the previously given time is the time constant for retarding mechanism, feature, described Retarding mechanism works as temporal control mechanism, wherein the time constant is determined by corresponding resistance or capacitor Or it can accordingly select.
In general, operational amplifier above-mentioned is understood as electronic component, the electronic component undertakes following tasks: Output shows whether input signal has positive or negative voltage.Therefore, this include it is all it is conceivable that electronics electricity Road, the electronic circuit realize similar function.Operational amplifier, possible embodiment can include for example classical Operational amplifier, comparator or difference amplifier or similar circuit.
In a preferred embodiment, the capacitor and the resistance are so constructed, so that the phase of the triggering The phase signal that is delivered in of signal is suppressed in the time range of zero crossing.This scheme is particularly advantageous, because For the zero crossing especially about phase voltage since interference in the signal occurs in nonequilibrium condition, the interference can be by this Circuit particularly effectively separates or inhibits.Resistance or capacitor are correspondingly selected, especially by selection resistance for this purpose, passing through Electric conductivity and/or capacitor capacitor, can determine corresponding time constant.
In another preferred embodiment, at least one switch structure in the switch of blocking equipment is R/S- triggering Device.By using R/S- trigger, corresponding switching threshold can be preferably adapted to especially about the zero crossing of phase signal.
The device for assessing phase signal, in another preferred embodiment, be disposed with after this device Encoding device, the encoding device is used to generate from multiple phase signals of motor and signal, wherein the code device tool There are at least two input terminals, at least one input terminal in the input terminal is described defeated with the device for assessing phase signal Outlet connection, with the phase signal for exchanging triggering, wherein the encoding device encodes in the phase signal of the triggering At least one phase signal, also, by the phase signal of each triggering it is comprehensive at and signal, wherein the encoding device is by institute It states and is output to output end with signal, in particular for obtaining the revolving speed of the motor.Phase in the form of the phase signal of triggering Signal can be further processed by means of encoding device and particularly simply and signal, and the phase signal passes through corresponding Assessment circuit pre-processes, wherein can calculate electricity from the phase signal with each triggering included in signal and its The axis of machine, accurate revolving speed or axis, spin angular position.Herein advantageously, for especially for the transmission with signal A data line is only needed, this enables this system particularly simply to implement.In order to assess the phase signal triggered accordingly And thereby determine that revolving speed or spin angular position, the phase signal of each triggering can with considered in signal because The phase signal of these triggerings is encoded by encoding device and thus, it is possible to distinguish.
In the frame of another preferred embodiment, encoding device has at least one other retarding mechanism.This A retarding mechanism is used for, and is at least one phase signal especially together with the combination of multiple Xor- or other electronic circuit Characteristic attribute is assigned respectively, and the electronic circuit has corresponding functionality.Depending on corresponding, used retarding mechanism, By using retarding mechanism different, for different phase signals, corresponding phase signal is endowed characteristic attribute.Cause This, the phase signal of the triggering so encoded can be particularly simply distinguished in signal.In addition, this is by phase Promote about mutual phase position and other influence amount, the phase position be it is fixed and referring to motor, Prerequisite in structure is known.Advantageously pass through assessment circuit pair under the frame of the phase signal of triggering in principle Phase signal, corresponding pretreatment, because are as follows: thus, it is possible to assign corresponding phase signal edge with especially characterizing, also, Edge, corresponding identification can particularly simply obtain considering to obtain the revolving speed of motor or spin angular position.
Of the invention, other advantage and scheme are obtained by the appended attached drawing of specification and institute.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 a to c shows the schematic diagram (a, b) with the motor of internal combustion engine coupling, and the signal change procedure attached (c)；
Fig. 2 schematically shows motor, the motor has phase signal that is corresponding, attaching；
Fig. 3 a and 3b schematically show assessment circuit (a) and phase signal relevant to phase voltage for phase voltage (b)；
Fig. 4 a to 4c schematically shows assessment circuit (a) according to another embodiment, for phase voltage, with mutually electricity Relevant phase signal (b) is pressed, and, signal change procedures at all parts of assessment circuit, typical；
Phase signal (a) that Fig. 5 a and 5b show the phase of three-phase motor, being obtained by voltage change process and phase are believed Number enlarged drawing (b)；
Fig. 6 a and 6b schematically show according to first embodiment, circuit (a) for combining multiple phase signals, with And each phase signal, temporal change procedure and with signal (b)；And
Fig. 7 a and 7b schematically show another circuit according to another embodiment, for combining multiple phase signals (a), and, each phase signal, temporal change procedure and with signal (b).
Specific embodiment
Show internal combustion engine 112 in fig 1 a, motor 30 directly or speed change be connected on the internal combustion engine, wherein Motor 30 is driven by the crankshaft 17 ' of internal combustion engine 112.Therefore, the revolving speed n of motor 30GenWith the revolving speed n of crankshaft 17 'BKM, with And the Angle Position θ of the rotor of motor 301There is fixed ratio each other with the spin angular position θ of crankshaft 17 '.In addition, filling Electric controller LR is associated with motor 30, and according to battery B, still remaining capacity, the charge controller is in onboard power system 110 Interior battery B supplying energy.
In addition, being provided with computing unit, especially engine controller 122, the engine controller passes through communication link Connect 124 with motor 30 or exchange data with internal combustion engine 112 and be arranged for, accordingly manipulate internal combustion engine 112 and motor 30.Also illustrate the direction of rotation α of rotor 30 and its axis 17+, α-, wherein privileged direction of the α+description in internal combustion engine 112 (Vorzugsrichtung) forward rotation on, also, the retrogressing rotation of α-description in the opposite direction.Also illustrate crankshaft 17 ' the spin angular position θ or θ of rotor 321。
In Figure 1b, motor 30 is again schematically shown in expanded form.Motor 30 has to be turned with axis 17 Son 32, the rotor have excitation winding and stator 33, and the stator has stator winding U, V, W.Therefore it is related to a kind of separate excitation Machine, as it is especially common in the motor vehicle.Then, particularly with for motor-mounted bicycle, especially For small-sized or light automotive bicycle, usually using the motor (motor of i.e. permanent excitation) with permanent magnet.In this hair In bright frame, two kinds of motor can use in principle, wherein be not dependent on especially in accordance with method of the invention The use of the respective type (for example, the permanent motor of excitation or motor of separate excitation) of motor.
Illustratively, motor 30 is configured to alternating current generator, in the motor, induces phase shift relative to each other Dynamic 120 ° of three phase voltage signals.This threephase generator (Drehstromlichtmaschine) is usually as generator quilt Using in modern motor vehicles, also, it is adapted for carrying out according to the method for the present invention.Within the framework of the invention, principle On be able to use all motors and the quantity independently of its phase, wherein be not dependent on electricity especially in accordance with method of the invention The use of the respective type of machine.
Three phases of alternating current generator 30 are indicated with U, V, W.By constructing be positive diode 34 and negative diode 35 Rectifier cell, at the phase decline voltage rectified.Therefore, apply generator voltage between pole B+ and B- UG, cathode is grounded at the generator voltage.By this alternating current generator 30 for example, battery B or in onboard power system 110 Interior other electrical appliances power supply.
Three charts are shown in figure 1 c, and the chart is shown relative to the rotation angle of the rotor 32 of motor 30 matches The voltage change process of category.In the chart on top, the voltage change process at phase U, V, W is delineated.In general It should be appreciated that be only exemplary in this chart and in the digital sum value range illustrated in subsequent chart, also, Therefore there is no limit the present invention in principle.
Generator voltage U is shown in the chart at middle partG, the generator voltage is by voltage change process U, V, W The envelope curve of positive and negative half-wave is formed.
In the chart of lower part, rectified generator voltage U is finally shownG-(referring to Fig. 1 b) is together with this generator Voltage UG-Virtual value, the generator voltage and virtual value are all applied between B+ and B-.
In fig. 2, it is schematically shown stator 33, the stator have phase U, V, W and from Fig. 1 b positive two Pole pipe 34 and negative diode 35.In principle it should be appreciated that it is as shown here, in the form of positive diode 34 and negative diode 35 Rectifier cell, transistor, especially MOSFET(metal-oxide-half can be also configured in the case where active rectifier Conductor-field effect transistor) (not shown).Further there is illustrated the names of hereinafter used, appearance voltage and current Method.
UU、UV、UWThe phase voltage for alternatively indicating attached phase U, V, W, such as them in outer conductor and stator 33 As declining between star convergence point.UUV、UVW、UWUIndicate the voltage between two phases or its outer conductor attached it Between voltage.
IU、IV、IWIndicate the phase current of phase U, V, W to star convergence point, corresponding outer conductor.I is indicated in rectification The total current of all phases afterwards.
Fig. 3 a is schematically shown for phase voltage UU, assessment circuit 80a in the form of Schmidt-trigger, with And the phase voltage U of the phase U of motor 30UThe phase voltage U of (chart on top) and triggeringUt, the phase voltage of the triggering by means of Electric current 80a is assessed to obtain, is chosen by exemplary.By means of such assessment circuit 80a, referring to input signal UI1It produces Output signal U is given birth toO1, if the output signal is referring to the phase voltage U of triggeringUtShown in Fig. 3 b), lower part chart Like that, the input signal currently corresponds to phase voltage UU.Accordingly, (the ginseng of the horizontal dotted line illustrated in the chart on top The switching threshold of assessment circuit 80a is illustrated according to Fig. 3 a).
According to instantaneous output voltage UO1, resistance R in the feedback branch of operational amplifier O1And R2Lead to output end These different switching thresholds.Therefore, it can be realized shown in signal intensity by previously given corresponding switching threshold It behavior out and ensures, not will lead to operational amplifier O, variation output level around the signal noise of switching point. By means of the assessment circuit, the phase signal U of triggering can be generatedUt, the phase signal of the triggering can correspond to letter answer To assessment, wherein precipitous edge and the phase signal U in triggeringUtIn the time interval of the adjacent edge FL of difference can Considered, with the determination of the rotation speed for motor 30.
The another embodiment of assessment circuit 80b is shown in FIG. 4, by means of the assessment circuit, referring to input Signal UI2To generate output signal UO2, the input signal illustratively corresponds to phase voltage UU, the output signal is currently right It should be in the phase voltage U of triggeringUt.Phase voltage U is shown in Fig. 4 b), lower part chartUt.It should be appreciated that other mutually electricity Press UU、UV、UWAlso it is applied to input terminal UI2It place and can result in output end UO2Or UO2U、UO2V、UO2WPlace's output triggering Phase voltage UUt、UVt、UWt(especially thus referring to Fig. 6 and Fig. 7).
Assessment circuit 80b has blocking equipment b, by means of to corresponding phase signal UU、UV、UWTemporal filtering into Row noise suppressed.Here, blocking equipment b is arranged in after at least one operational amplifier O, phase signal UU、UV、UWIt is applied to The input terminal O of the operational amplifierinPlace.Blocking equipment B has retarding mechanism T, two switch F1、F2And inverter stages I, institute Delay time (Totzeit) stating retarding mechanism, can adjusting defines the time constant for temporal filtering.Retarding mechanism T has resistance RbWith capacitor Cb, the capacitor charged using electric current, and the electric current flows through the output end of operational amplifier O.? The output U of handover evaluation circuitO2Later, by by retarding mechanism T and first switch F1The combination of composition, in switch F1Output Pulse signal is produced at end, the first switch constructs preferably in the form of R/S- trigger, the pulse of the output end With the positive output voltage (High-Level, High) relative to stationary voltages (Low-Level, Low).Here, pulse is believed Number, rise edge with operational amplifier O output signal Oout, rise edge occur simultaneously.Pulse , the edge then declined occurs after the delay time of retarding mechanism T.Concurrently, the output signal of operational amplifier O Oout, the signal of reverse phase generates by inverter stages I.The signal of this reverse phase is applied to setting-input terminal S of second switch F2, The second switch constructs preferably in the form of R/S- trigger, also, pulse signal is applied to reset-input terminal R.? This, switch F2First signal edge of the signal of reverse phase is transmitted to output end UO2, also, then prevent output end, again Switching, as long as apply pulse signal high level or output signal itself there is high level.
With this in the following manner in output end Uo2Place inhibits the input terminal O in operational amplifier 0inLocate, in decline Noise in the range at edge: as long as high level is not present at reset-input terminal R, switch F2 cannot switch output again End.For the input terminal O in operational amplifierin, rise edge for, in switch F2Reset-input terminal R at exist open Close F1Pulse signal pulse.This causes, switch F2By output end Uo2It is set as low.In input terminal OinPlace, rising side Noise in the range on edge, possible inhibits in the following manner: as long as there are high level, switches at reset-input terminal R F2It cannot be again by output end Uo2It is set as high.Therefore, during pulse length, it is not carried out output end Uo2Switching, And, it is suppressed that possible noise.For this noise suppressed, feature time constant by correspondingly selecting resistance RbWith Capacitor CbTo realize.
By using blocking equipment B, be able to suppress corresponding influence of noise, such as it in fig. 4b, in the chart on top It is centered around time range or duration Z0In zero curve shown by (characterized respectively by circle).This causes to trigger phase Position signal UUt、UVt、UWtSignal quality improvement.It is shown in Fig. 4 c) in the output of operational amplifier O, in resistance At R or capacitor C, at inverter stages I or in trigger F1Or F2The type signal change procedure at place.
Compared with Schmidt-trigger-solution (referring to Fig. 3), the advantages of circuit, is: with phase signal UU、 UV、UWForm input signal, significant more accurate zero crossing is detected, wherein with regard to Schmidt-trigger 80a Speech, is continuously needed switching threshold > 0(referring to Fig. 3 for phase signal).Thereby, it is possible to use phase signal UUCharacteristic value WU0, Alternatively, arrangement being able to use these trigger circuits when there are multiple phase signals, that correspondence is in parallel.These characteristic values WU0、 WV0、WW0The revolving speed n or spin angular position of the rotor 32 of motor 30 can be especially considered for determining.
Herein, noise suppressed is realized not over different threshold values, but passes through the time by means of retarding mechanism Filtering.Switching output end U based on the zero crossing in input endo2In the first (short) time later, this retarding mechanism Prevent output end Uo2(being particularly due to noise) is directly switched back again.After delay time terminates and subsequent Zero crossing occur later can trigger output end Uo2Switching again, wherein only at this moment just be trigger switch F1And/or F2It is routed and by output signal Uo2With the phase signal U of triggeringUtForm output, the trigger switch is arranged in operation and puts After big device O and retarding mechanism T.
Now, three triggering phase voltage signal U are shown in fig 5 aUt、UVt、UWt, the triggering phase voltage signal is three There is potential reference relative to the time, about B-, as it is after evaluation in the power generation with outer pole rotor in a chart As occurring in machine particularly by assessment circuit 80b, there are six permanent magnets for the outer pole rotor tool.It is fixed with three-phase This view of the motor 30 of son-winding 33 only can illustratively be found out, wherein in principle the case where not limiting generality Under, also it is able to use the motor of the phase with the corresponding quantity for meeting demand, permanent magnet or magnet exciting coil.Similarly, generation For star-wiring of stator-coil, triangle-wiring or other wire laying modes can be also selected.
Phase voltage U for the motor 30 with electric current output, in the first approximationU、UV、UWChange procedure be square Shape.This is explained particularly by following manner: by generator voltage, positive diode or negative diode are flowing through direction Upper conduction, and therefore measure about 15-16 volts of (battery charging voltage for 12V lead-acid accumulator and positive two Voltage at pole pipe) or it is 0.7-1 volts negative (voltage at negative diode).The reference potential of measurement is respectively greatly.? It can select other with reference to point, such as the star convergence point of stator.This shows the signal change procedure deviateed, however not Change the information that can be assessed, its extraction and analysis.
It is exaggerated chart shown in fig 5 a in figure 5b, also, is shown jointly in a chart.Here, energy It is enough clearly to identify uniform phase offset.In the following, part synonymously uses phase voltage UU、UV、UWConcept or by means of Assessment circuit 80a or 80b be handled or the phase voltage U that is triggeredUt、UVt、UWt, because of handled phase voltage UUt、UVt、 UWtResult from phase voltage UU、UV、UW。
During the primary complete rotation of the rotor 32 of motor 30, voltage signal passes through six magnet (especially permanent magnetism Body), i.e. it is so-called extremely to repeat six times.Therefore, each phase, that is to say, that each revolution of each phase voltage of each rotor 32 UU、UV、UWThere are six trailing edges along FLDWith six rising edges along FLU(for corresponding phase FLUU、FLVU、FLWUAnd FLUD、 FLVD、FLWD).
These edges determine angle segment, that is, are precisely the angle segment covered along the outer radial periphery of stator by magnet.Accordingly, Recognizing corresponding edge FLUOr FLDWhen, understand it is each circulation (Umlauf) absolute reference point when can obtain, institute It states absolute reference point and utilizes phase voltage U referring for example to reference magnetU、UV、UW, different from other magnets characteristic or mutually electricity Press UUt、UVt、UWt, the change procedure that is triggered characterizes.
Now, using suitable device, it can recognize that the trailing edge of phase voltage along FLDWith rising edge along FLUOr zero passage Point.For example, phase voltage U can be generated by means of the circuit shown in Fig. 3 or Fig. 4 for each phase voltageUt、 UVt、UWt, change procedure in the form of TTL- signal, being triggered, further, it is possible to be transmitted to controller, especially Engine controller 122 assesses edge FL in the engine controllerU.Then, thus acquired revolving speed n can be obtained To considering to be used to control internal combustion engine 110.Required trigger (referring to Fig. 3 or Fig. 4) can integrate in the controller or It controls in electronic device (such as controller, the adjuster for cell voltage), and/or, the next part the active rectifier the case where At in corresponding dynamo governor, alternatively, also it can be associated in outside.Especially for using controller, especially Engine controller 122(referring to for the case where Fig. 1 a), each TTL- signal can be integrated into for signal USum(ginseng See Fig. 6 and Fig. 7), and/or, it can be by being arranged in the combination electronic device of upstream or in other manners come suitable ground heddle It closes, further, it is possible to only be transmitted by data line 124(referring to Fig. 1 a).
Value WU、WV、WWIt is associated with phase voltage U respectivelyU、UV、UWOr the phase signal U of triggeringUt、UVt、UWt, it is corresponding The end on trailing edge edge, described value are also indicated as WUd、WVd、WWd.Similarly, corresponding value WWu、WVu、WWuAlso it can be associated with Rising edge is along FLU.Corresponding value WU0、WV0、WW0Also it can be associated with the zero crossing of phase voltage respectively.These values also can be used in Identify the revolving speed n of crankshaft 17' rotor 32 or coupled with it.Referring to the plateau flat region of phase signal (Plateaubereiche) or therebetween other regions and identify the spin angular position α of rotor 321It is also possible.It is described Value is used for, reference time difference △ t1、△t2、△t3To obtain the revolving speed of motor 30.Joined using corresponding trigger circuit 80a, 80b( See Fig. 4 and Fig. 5) the phase signal U of triggering is generated from phase signalUt、UVt、UWt, wherein corresponding edge label is corresponding Value WU、WV、WW、WU0、WV0、WW0Time of occurrence.
Here, occurring 18 trailing edges in total along FL when six permanent magnets are uniformly distributed in motor 30d, and And thus every turn of 18 values attached distance appearance to be equal to each other respectively.Therefore, in time difference △ t1、△t2Or △ t3 360 °/18=20 ° of angle that period is inswept.Such as beginning it has been mentioned that this can also be considered with rotor 32 for identification Direction of rotation α+, α-, wherein exemplary acquired 20 ° indicate angle steps that can be detected.In addition, thus can also obtain Take angular velocity omegai.This is by ωi=20°/△tiIt obtains, also, is associated with its revolving speed niBy revolution n per minutei=ωi/ 360 ° of 60s/min are obtained.
In principle it is understood that substitution trailing edge is along FLDExcept, the rising edge of corresponding phase U, V, W are along FLUAlso can For obtain the direction of rotation α of rotor 32+, α-, also can be used in the transient speed n for obtaining motor 30Gen.Pass through each revolution of value Double number, correspondingly obtain the direction of rotation α of rotor 32+, α-and revolving speed nGenHigh-resolution.In addition, the edge of phase It can be assessed in a manner of various other, such as by the rising edge of each identical phase along FLUWith trailing edge along FLDWhen Between interval perhaps the time interval between corresponding phase or by the rising edge of identical phase along FLUUnder or Edge FL dropsDTime interval or the common time interval of all phases.
In addition to rising edge is along FLUWith trailing edge along FLDExcept, also it can be considered that phase signal UU、UV、UWZero crossing WU0、 WV0、WW0, with the revolving speed n for obtaining axis 17Gen。
In Fig. 6 a and Fig. 6 b and Fig. 7 a and Fig. 7 b, respectively illustrate for by multiple input signal UIn1To UIn3It is comprehensive At output signal UOutThe circuit of (Fig. 6 a and Fig. 7 a) and associated input signal and output signal (Fig. 6 b Fig. 7 b).It is defeated Enter signal UIn1To UIn3Can for example with corresponding phase signal UU、UVAnd UWIt is associated.Preferably, input signal UIn1To UIn3 It however is the trigger shown in Fig. 3 or Fig. 4-circuit 80a, 80b output signal Uo1Or Uo2, the output letter Number with the phase signal U of triggeringUt、UVt、UWtForm.Here, corresponding route has reference potential ground line fixed respectively GND.Assessment circuit 80c(Fig. 6) and 80d(Fig. 7) it is respectively provided with different, feature RC- component T11、T12Or T21And T22.It borrows Help these RC- components T11、T12Or T21And T22To encode each input signal U of CIn1To UIn3, so that it is in output signal UOutAnd signal USumIn with feature change procedure and can accordingly distinguish, the RC- component have corresponding electricity Hinder R11、R12、R21、R22With capacitor C11、C12、C21、C22。
Here, in Fig. 6, input signal UIn1To UIn3At least partly utilize RC- component T11And T12It is converted into correspondence Short pulse is (referring to about UOutChart), other input signal is superimposed upon first input end U by the pulseIn1Phase electricity Press UUAnd signal USumIn.As a result, with signal USumIn each share UUt、UVtAnd UWtIt can be distinguished from each other respectively, thus Using phase signal UUt、UVtAnd UWtWhen, the revolving speed identification n of motor 30 only needs a letter to the controller 122 assessed Number line 124.In the embodiment according to Fig. 7, pass through corresponding RC- component T21And T22For corresponding input signal UIn3Addition Short pulse, wherein input signal U in additionIn2And UIn1It remains unchanged.In this case, pulse generated also can Clearly it is associated with corresponding input signal UIn1To UIn3Or UUt、UVtAnd UWt。
It is applicable in for two embodiments of Fig. 6 or Fig. 7, the input signal U of non-pulseIn1To UIn3Or UUt、 UVtAnd UWtIt is always arranged in time with identical sequence, so that they can also be identified out, once input signal obtains Identification.In principle, it is applicable in for circuit, also it can be considered that the tolerance or response speed of XOR- circuit or door, so as to In view of it is in output end UOutIn and signal USumInfluence and so as to ensure revolving speed n, corresponding accurate revolving speed obtains It takes, the XOR- circuit or door are embodied in assessment circuit 80c or 80d.
Other than two shown implementations, also it is contemplated that other circuits, the circuit so will inputs At least one input signal in signal is transmitted with specific feature, particularly to extend with the signal pulse of specific length It is so superimposed to output end, and with other (unmodified) input signals, allows and pushed away later in assessment and signal Break and, caused by which signal edge is by which input signal.

Claims (8)

1. phase signal (the U for assessing motor (30)U、UV、UW、IU、IV、IW) device, described device have input terminal (UI2) and output end (UO2), operational amplifier (O) is disposed between the input terminal and the output end, wherein the fortune Amplifier (O) is calculated by being applied to the input terminal (UI2) at phase signal (UU、UV、UW、IU、IV、IW) generate the phase triggered Signal (UUt), wherein in the operational amplifier (O) and the output end (UO2) between be so disposed with blocking equipment (B), So that phase signal (the U of the triggeringUt) arrive the output end (UO2) be delivered in duration (Z0) in be suppressed, it is described to hold The continuous time depends on retarding mechanism (T).
2. the apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the blocking equipment (B) includes retarding mechanism (T), two switch (F1、 F2) and inverter stages (I).
3. device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the retarding mechanism (T) has resistance (Rb) and capacitor (Cb).
4. device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein so construct the capacitor CbWith the resistance Rb, So that phase signal (the U of the triggeringUT) described be delivered in the phase signal (UU、UV、UW、IU、IV、IW) surround zero crossing Time range (Z0) in be suppressed.
5. device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the switch (F of the blocking equipment (B)1、F2) In at least one switch structure be R/S- trigger.
6. device according to any one of the preceding claims, be disposed with after described device encoding device (80c, 80d), the encoding device is used for multiple phase signal (U from motor (30)U、UV、UW、IU、IV、IW) in generate and signal (USum), described device has at least two input terminal (UIn1、UIn2、UIn3), at least one input terminal in the input terminal (UIn1、UIn2、UIn3) with the output end (U of described device (80b)O2U、UO2V、UO2W)Connection, with the phase for exchanging triggering Position signal (UUT、UVT、UWT), wherein the encoding device (80c, 80d) encodes the phase signal (U of the triggeringUT、UVT、UWT) In at least one phase signal, also, by the phase signal (U of each triggeringUT、UVT、UWT) it is comprehensive at signal (USum), Described in encoding device (80c, 80d) will described and signal (USum) it is output to output end (UOut), described in obtaining The revolving speed (n) of motor (30).
7. device according to claim 6, wherein the encoding device (80c, 80d) has at least one other slow Stagnant mechanism (T11、T12；T21、T22), the retarding mechanism can be associated with the phase letter of at least one triggering of the motor (30) Number (UUT、UVT、UWT), the retarding mechanism assigns the phase signal (U of at least one triggeringUT、UVT、UWT) characteristic attribute.
8. device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein generated output signal (UUT、UVT、UWT) or Generated and signal (USum) computing unit (122) are passed to, and it is used for determining the axis of internal combustion engine (112) there (17) revolving speed (n).
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