CN103185862B - The diagnostic method of the direct current generator fault in automobile starter and device - Google Patents
The diagnostic method of the direct current generator fault in automobile starter and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN103185862B CN103185862B CN201110457006.8A CN201110457006A CN103185862B CN 103185862 B CN103185862 B CN 103185862B CN 201110457006 A CN201110457006 A CN 201110457006A CN 103185862 B CN103185862 B CN 103185862B
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Abstract
<b> the present invention relates to automotive electronic technology, the diagnostic method of the direct current generator fault particularly in automobile starter and device.The armature current signal gathering described direct current generator is comprised the following steps: according to the diagnostic method of the direct current generator fault in automobile starter of the present invention, wherein, the synchronization of sample frequency and described direct current generator; By fast fourier transform, the armature current signal of collection is transformed to frequency field from time domain; Judge whether it breaks down and the type of fault according to described armature current signal at the characteristic spectral line of frequency field.According to embodiments of the invention, the sample frequency of armature current signal and the synchronization of direct current generator, thus eliminate the ambiguity of spectrum signature, this makes to carry out fault diagnosis by spectrum analysis becomes possibility.In addition, the ripple component comprised due to armature current signal can reflect the much information of direct current generator running status, therefore can localizing faults type quickly and accurately.</b>
Description
Technical field
the present invention relates to automotive electronic technology, the diagnostic method of the direct current generator fault particularly in automobile starter and device.
Background technology
in the car, the starting of engine needs external force to help, and arranges the starter being specifically designed to starting engine on automobile for this reason.Starter generally comprises three parts: direct current generator, and it extracts electric energy from accumulator and makes the driven wheel of starter produce mechanical motion; Gear train, driven wheel is engaged into flywheel ring gear by it, can automatically throw off after engine start-up simultaneously; And electromagnetic switch, for controlling the break-make of starter circuit capable.
direct current generator is the critical piece of automobile starter, and it comprises armature, commutator, magnetic pole of the stator, brush, bearing and shell etc.Shell protection motor, from external action, is provided with magnetic pole of the stator therein.The rotating part of motor is also referred to as armature, and it is made up of iron core, winding, commutator and armature shaft.Unshakable in one's determination be fitted in lamination on armature shaft, insulated from each other formed by many, they are also magnetic conductors.Offer groove at lamination outside surface, in groove, lay copper cash.Copper cash is interconnected composition winding according to certain winding circle, and welds together with the commutator segment of commutator, to form armature winding.By carbon brush to armature supply, carbon brush slides on commutator, powers to each commutator segment, make electric current always flow into winding in the N pole of corresponding excitation in one direction, flow out from the winding of the S pole of corresponding excitation.
the working condition more complicated of starter, is very easy to occur various fault, such as winding local open circuit, brush wear, commutator partial short-circuit etc., thus impact normally runs, and even causes the situation that automobile cannot start.Therefore, the effective ways fault of the direct current generator in automobile starter being carried out to diagnosis and detection are needed.
Summary of the invention
the object of this invention is to provide the diagnostic method of the direct current generator fault in a kind of automobile starter, it can find fault accurately and timely.
above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is realized by following technical proposal:
a diagnostic method for direct current generator fault in automobile starter, comprises the following steps:
gather the armature current signal of described direct current generator, wherein, the synchronization of sample frequency and described direct current generator;
by fast fourier transform, the armature current signal of collection is transformed to frequency field from time domain;
judge whether it breaks down and the type of fault according to described armature current signal at the characteristic spectral line of frequency field.
preferably, in above-mentioned diagnostic method, judge whether to break down according to following manner and the type of fault:
described frequency field is divided into multiple scope and determines the half-peak breadth of the characteristic spectral line in each described scope;
the half-peak breadth of the characteristic spectral line in described armature current signal scope described in each and failure determination threshold table are compared determine whether to break down and the type of fault.
preferably, in above-mentioned diagnostic method, the half-peak breadth of further feature spectral line is also defined as the relative value relative to reference value as reference value by half-peak breadth thus that correspond to the characteristic spectral line of the ripple frequency of described armature current signal.
preferably, in above-mentioned diagnostic method, described fault type comprises that direct current generator coil short, the element of winding and commutator segment snap, adjacent conductor short circuit and rotor eccentricity.
preferably, in above-mentioned diagnostic method, gather the armature current signal of described direct current generator according to following manner:
with a fixing speed, analog to digital conversion is carried out to obtain digital signal streams to described armature current signal; And
from described digital signal streams, select sample to guarantee the synchronization of described sample frequency and described direct current generator according to the rotating speed of described direct current generator.
of the present invention also have an object to be to provide a kind of for diagnosing the device of the direct current generator fault in automobile starter, and it can find fault accurately and timely.
above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is realized by following technical proposal:
for diagnosing a device for the direct current generator fault in automobile starter, comprising:
rotation speed detection unit, for detecting the rotating speed of described direct current generator;
the signal gathering unit be coupled with described rotation speed detection unit, for gathering the armature current signal of described direct current generator according to the sample frequency of the synchronization with described direct current generator;
the fast Fourier transform unit be coupled with described signal gathering unit, for transforming to frequency field by the armature current signal of collection from time domain by fast fourier transform;
at the characteristic spectral line of frequency field, the breakdown judge be coupled with described fast Fourier transform unit and taxon, for judging whether it breaks down and the type of fault according to described armature current signal.
preferably, in said apparatus, described rotation speed detection unit utilizes the grating encoder near the rotating shaft being arranged on described direct current generator to realize.
preferably, in said apparatus, the synchronizer that described signal gathering unit comprises sensing element, the A/D converter be coupled with described sensing element and is coupled with described A/D converter, wherein, described A/D converter carries out analog to digital conversion to obtain digital signal streams with a fixing speed to described armature current signal, and described synchronizer selects the sample exporting described fast Fourier transform unit to guarantee the synchronization of described sample frequency and described direct current generator according to the rotating speed of described direct current generator from described digital signal streams.
preferably, in said apparatus, described breakdown judge and taxon judge whether to break down according to following manner and the type of fault:
described frequency field is divided into multiple scope and determines the half-peak breadth of the characteristic spectral line in each described scope;
the half-peak breadth of the characteristic spectral line in described armature current signal scope described in each and failure determination threshold table are compared determine whether to break down and the type of fault.
preferably, in said apparatus, the half-peak breadth of further feature spectral line is also defined as the relative value relative to reference value as reference value by the half-peak breadth corresponding to the characteristic spectral line of the ripple frequency of described armature current signal by described breakdown judge and taxon thus.
preferably, in said apparatus, described fault type comprises that direct current generator coil short, the element of winding and commutator segment snap, adjacent conductor short circuit and rotor eccentricity.
according to embodiments of the invention, the sample frequency of armature current signal and the synchronization of direct current generator, thus eliminate the ambiguity of spectrum signature, this makes to carry out fault diagnosis by spectrum analysis becomes possibility.In addition, the ripple component comprised due to armature current signal can reflect the much information of direct current generator running status, therefore can localizing faults type quickly and accurately.Moreover, in an embodiment of the present invention, according to the half-peak breadth failure judgement type of characteristic spectral line, compared with the mode based on amplitude, which increase the accuracy rate of Fault Identification.
from following detailed description by reference to the accompanying drawings, above and other objects of the present invention and advantage will be made more completely clear.
Accompanying drawing explanation
fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of the diagnostic method according to the direct current generator fault in the automobile starter of one embodiment of the invention.
fig. 2 a and 2b shows the canonical schema of the current signal of direct current generator when uniform rotation in automobile starter, and wherein Fig. 2 a is oscillogram, and Fig. 2 b is spectrogram.
fig. 3 a and 3b shows the canonical schema of the current signal of direct current generator when non-uniform rotation in automobile starter, and wherein Fig. 3 a is oscillogram, and Fig. 3 b is spectrogram.
fig. 4 a and 4b shows the canonical schema of the current signal that direct current generator in automobile starter obtains in sample frequency-synchronization mode when non-uniform rotation, and wherein Fig. 4 a is oscillogram, and Fig. 4 b is spectrogram.
fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the device for diagnosing the direct current generator fault in automobile starter according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
below by embodiment being described with reference to the drawings to set forth the present invention.But it is to be appreciated that these embodiments are only exemplary, restriction be there is no for spirit of the present invention and protection domain.
in this manual, " coupling " one word to should be understood to be included between two unit the situation directly transmitting energy or signal, or indirectly transmit the situation of energy or signal through one or more Unit the 3rd, and alleged signal includes but not limited to the signal of the form of electricity, light and magnetic existence here.In addition, " comprise " and the term of " comprising " and so on represents except having the unit and step that have in the specification and in the claims directly and clearly state, technical scheme of the present invention does not get rid of the situation had not by other unit of directly or clearly stating and step yet.
fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of the diagnostic method according to the direct current generator fault in the automobile starter of one embodiment of the invention.
as shown in Figure 1, in step 110, the armature supply of the direct current generator in measured automobiles starter.In actual applications, the armature current signal recorded can be utilize A/D converter, and measured value is also converted to digital value by the series of measured values that obtains of sampling at a certain time interval, thus obtains digital signal streams.The measurement of electric current can adopt various ways, and such as, based on point platen press and the hall measurement method based on magnetic field effect of resistor, these methods all can be applicable to here.In addition, these measured values can export data processing equipment (such as microprocessor) to by A/D converter in real time, also first can be buffered in cache memory and to export data processing equipment in bulk.
fig. 2 a shows typical direct current generator current waveform figure.
see Fig. 2 a, when motor uniform rotation, current waveform is not straight line, but the curve of cyclical fluctuations around baseline fluctuation, be equivalent in DC component, superposed AC compounent (this AC compounent is also referred to as ripple component).This fluctuation is mainly by the having structure characteristics determined of direct current generator, that is, the commutator segment of engine commutator arranges at certain intervals, and when rotating, brush contacts successively with each commutator segment, thus forms a series of little spike.Suppose that number of segment is k, then there is following relationship with motor speed n in current ripples frequency f (frequency of also i.e. spike appearance):
（1）
fig. 2 b shows the spectrogram of current signal shown in Fig. 1, and it obtains by fast Fourier analysis.From Fig. 2 b, there is obvious spike with ripple frequency f place.
but at automobile starter duration of work, direct current generator is usually in non-uniform rotation state.Fig. 3 a and 3b respectively illustrates current waveform figure when non-uniform rotation of direct current generator in automobile starter and spectrogram.As shown in Figure 3 a, now ripple frequency is time dependent, and therefore spectral line is in fig 3b continually varying curve, and this will cause ambiguity and the uncertainty of spectrum signature.
for this reason, in an embodiment of the present invention, this problem is solved by the synchronization of the sample frequency and direct current generator that make current signal.Specifically, in the step 120, the tach signal of direct current generator is obtained.The rotating speed of direct current generator such as can obtain by the grating encoder be arranged near DC motor shaft.
subsequently, in step 130, from the digital signal streams that A/D converter exports, the current signal sample at angularly interval is picked out according to tach signal, namely, be equivalent to the sampling carrying out primary current signal when direct current generator often turns over an identical angle, thus make the data sample carrying out fast fourier transform be angularly interval instead of constant duration.
specifically, in the present embodiment, there is following relationship in the angle W that the rotating speed n of direct current generator and rotating shaft turn over:
（2）
here the time interval of T needed for rotational angle W, because rotating speed n (t) is time dependent, therefore when W constant (angularly interval), T is also change.Therefore in order to keep angularly interval sampling, needing the T according to change, from the digital signal streams that A/D converter exports, selecting the time interval different current signal sample.
fig. 4 a and 4b shows the canonical schema of the current signal that direct current generator in automobile starter obtains in sample frequency-synchronization mode when non-uniform rotation, and wherein Fig. 4 a is oscillogram, and Fig. 4 b is spectrogram.The difference of Fig. 4 a and Fig. 3 a is that transverse axis is the angle that DC motor shaft turns over.
it is to be noted, in step 130, although be select the time interval different current signal sample in the digital signal streams by exporting from A/D converter to realize sample frequency synchronous with DC motor speed, the synchronous of sample frequency and DC motor speed also can be realized by the sampling rate directly adjusting A/D converter according to DC motor speed.
then enter step 140, fast fourier transform is implemented to the current signal sample selecting rear formation, thus current signal sample is transformed to frequency field from time domain.As mentioned above, after sample frequency and synchronization, spectrogram will present one or more discrete spectral line.The feature (such as position, half-peak breadth and amplitude etc.) of these spectral lines can be used to judge whether direct current generator breaks down and fault type.
the present inventor finds after further investigation, and the change of spectral line half-peak breadth is very responsive and also have unique separately " fingerprint " for dissimilar fault to fault.Therefore, in step 150, spectrogram is utilized to determine the half-peak breadth of each bar characteristic spectral line.Specifically, according to the present embodiment, the frequency field of spectrogram is divided into multiple scope and determines the half-peak breadth of the characteristic spectral line in each scope.In the present embodiment, in order to eliminate measuring error, determined is not the absolute value of the half-peak breadth of each bar characteristic spectral line, but with the relative value that certain numerical value is reference value.Preferably, can will correspond to the half-peak breadth of the characteristic spectral line of the ripple frequency of armature current signal as reference value, namely the half-peak breadth of further feature spectral line and this reference value obtain the relative value relative to reference value after being divided by.Table 1 schematically illustrates the half-peak breadth relative value of the characteristic spectral line of direct current generator in each frequency range, in frequency range one hurdle of table 1, label outside bracket represents frequency spectrum designation, digitized representation frequency range in bracket, cps is Hz, and in each frequency range, the half-peak breadth relative value of characteristic spectral line is its half-peak breadth and the ratio of the characteristic spectral line half-peak breadth of F5 frequency range.
table 1
| Frequency range | F1(4-6) | F2(7-14) | F3(15-20) | F4(21-28) | F5(29-35) | F5(>=36) |
| Half-peak breadth relative value | 0.601 | 6.25 | 2.85 | 4.32 | 1.00 | 0.315 |
enter step 160 subsequently, judge whether direct current generator breaks down and the type of fault according to the half-peak breadth relative value of each bar characteristic spectral line determined.In the present embodiment, " fingerprint " that can set up characteristic spectral line under all kinds fault is in advance using as basis for estimation.Table 2 is breakdown judge threshold value table, and it lists " fingerprint " of all kinds fault in a tabular form.
table 2
in frequency range one hurdle of table 2, the label outside bracket represents frequency spectrum designation, the digitized representation frequency range in bracket, and cps is Hz; In fault type hurdle, 0 representative normal (also i.e. non-fault), digital 1-4 represents that direct current generator coil short, the element of winding and commutator segment snap respectively, adjacent conductor short circuit and rotor eccentricity fault; Threshold value hurdle represents the threshold value of the half-peak breadth of characteristic spectral line in each frequency range.For the half-peak breadth relative value shown in table 1, can determine that fault type is 3 by look-up table 2, namely there is the fault of adjacent conductor short circuit in direct current generator.
it is worthy of note, above-mentioned table 1 and table 2 are only exemplary, can have different fault types and corresponding " fingerprint " feature for different direct current generators.
fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the device for diagnosing the direct current generator fault in automobile starter according to another embodiment of the present invention.
as shown in Figure 5, the present embodiment for diagnosing the device 50 of the direct current generator fault in automobile starter to comprise rotation speed detection unit 510, signal gathering unit 520, fast Fourier transform unit 530 and breakdown judge and taxon 540.
rotation speed detection unit 510 is for detecting the rotating speed of direct current generator G, and it can utilize the grating encoder near the rotating shaft being arranged on direct current generator G to realize.
signal gathering unit 520 comprises sensing element 521, the A/D converter 522 be coupled with sensing element 521, the storer 523 be coupled with A/D converter 522, the synchronizer 524 that is coupled with rotation speed detection unit 510 and storer 523.
sensing element 521 can adopt voltage grading resistor or Hall element, and the former can be access in direct current generator loop, and A/D converter 522 generates aforesaid digital signal streams by carrying out sampling with a fixing speed to the voltage at voltage grading resistor two ends; The latter can be arranged near the current lead of direct current generator, and A/D converter 522 generates aforesaid digital signal streams by carrying out sampling with a fixing quantity to the output voltage of Hall element.
storer 523 receives digital signal streams from A/D converter 522 and stores after each current signal sample affix time stab digital signal streams.
synchronizer 524 1 aspect is coupled with rotation speed detection unit 510 tach signal obtaining direct current generator G, can be defined as carrying out angularly interval sampling thus and need the time interval between the digital signal streams sample selected, on the other hand, it such as utilizes above formula (2) to determine time interval T, and according to this interval, from storer 523, read required current signal sample by time stab.
fast Fourier transform unit 530 receives the current signal sample of the synchronization of sample frequency and direct current generator G from synchronizer 524, and carries out fast fourier transform to these samples, thus the armature current signal of collection is transformed to frequency field from time domain.
breakdown judge and taxon 540 are coupled with fast Fourier transform unit 530, it is such as according to the mode described in the embodiment described by Fig. 1 above, judges whether to break down and the type of fault at the characteristic spectral line of frequency field according to armature current signal.Specifically, first breakdown judge and taxon 540 determine the relative value (half-peak breadth of such as characteristic spectral line and the ratio of the half-peak breadth of the characteristic spectral line of the ripple frequency corresponding to armature current signal) of the half-peak breadth of the characteristic spectral line in each scope of frequency field.Judge whether to break down according to " fingerprint " of characteristic spectral line under all kinds fault set up in advance subsequently and the type of fault.
it is worthy of note, in the present embodiment, synchronizer 524, fast Fourier transform unit 530 and breakdown judge and taxon 540 can utilize hardware circuit to realize, also can by the software simulating operated in general processor.
due to can under the spirit not deviating from essential characteristic of the present invention, implement the present invention in a variety of manners, therefore present embodiment is illustrative and not restrictive, because scope of the present invention is defined by claims, instead of defined by instructions, therefore fall into all changes in the border of claim and boundary, or thus the equivalent of this claim border and boundary is forgiven by claim.
Claims (9)
1. a diagnostic method for the direct current generator fault in automobile starter, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
Gather the armature current signal of described direct current generator, wherein, the synchronization of sample frequency and described direct current generator;
By fast fourier transform, the armature current signal of collection is transformed to frequency field from time domain;
Judge whether it breaks down and the type of fault according to described armature current signal at the characteristic spectral line of frequency field,
Wherein, judge whether to break down according to following manner and the type of fault:
Described frequency field is divided into multiple scope and determines the half-peak breadth of the characteristic spectral line in each described scope;
The half-peak breadth of the characteristic spectral line in described armature current signal scope described in each and failure determination threshold table are compared determine whether to break down and the type of fault.
2. diagnostic method as claimed in claim 1, wherein, is also defined as the relative value relative to reference value by the half-peak breadth of further feature spectral line using the half-peak breadth corresponding to the characteristic spectral line of the ripple frequency of described armature current signal as reference value thus.
3. diagnostic method as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the type of described fault comprises the element of winding and commutator segment snaps, adjacent conductor short circuit and rotor eccentricity.
4. diagnostic method as claimed in claim 1, wherein, gathers the armature current signal of described direct current generator according to following manner:
With a fixing speed, analog to digital conversion is carried out to obtain digital signal streams to described armature current signal; And
From described digital signal streams, select sample to guarantee the synchronization of described sample frequency and described direct current generator according to the rotating speed of described direct current generator.
5., for diagnosing a device for the direct current generator fault in automobile starter, it is characterized in that, comprise:
Rotation speed detection unit, for detecting the rotating speed of described direct current generator;
The signal gathering unit be coupled with described rotation speed detection unit, for gathering the armature current signal of described direct current generator according to the sample frequency of the synchronization with described direct current generator;
The fast Fourier transform unit be coupled with described signal gathering unit, for transforming to frequency field by the armature current signal of collection from time domain by fast fourier transform;
The breakdown judge be coupled with described fast Fourier transform unit and taxon, for judging whether it breaks down and the type of fault according to described armature current signal at the characteristic spectral line of frequency field,
Wherein, described breakdown judge and taxon judge whether to break down according to following manner and the type of fault:
Described frequency field is divided into multiple scope and determines the half-peak breadth of the characteristic spectral line in each described scope;
The half-peak breadth of the characteristic spectral line in described armature current signal scope described in each and failure determination threshold table are compared determine whether to break down and the type of fault.
6. device as claimed in claim 5, wherein, described rotation speed detection unit utilizes the grating encoder near the rotating shaft being arranged on described direct current generator to realize.
7. device as claimed in claim 5, wherein, the synchronizer that described signal gathering unit comprises sensing element, the A/D converter be coupled with described sensing element and is coupled with described A/D converter, wherein, described A/D converter carries out analog to digital conversion to obtain digital signal streams with a fixing speed to described armature current signal, and described synchronizer selects the sample exporting described fast Fourier transform unit to guarantee the synchronization of described sample frequency and described direct current generator according to the rotating speed of described direct current generator from described digital signal streams.
8. device as claimed in claim 7, wherein, the half-peak breadth of further feature spectral line is also defined as the relative value relative to reference value as reference value by the half-peak breadth corresponding to the characteristic spectral line of the ripple frequency of described armature current signal by described breakdown judge and taxon thus.
9. device as claimed in claim 5, wherein, the type of described fault comprises the element of winding and commutator segment snaps, adjacent conductor short circuit and rotor eccentricity.
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