CN102135600A - Fault detection device and method of asynchronous motor - Google Patents
Fault detection device and method of asynchronous motor Download PDFInfo
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- CN102135600A CN102135600A CN201110030341XA CN201110030341A CN102135600A CN 102135600 A CN102135600 A CN 102135600A CN 201110030341X A CN201110030341X A CN 201110030341XA CN 201110030341 A CN201110030341 A CN 201110030341A CN 102135600 A CN102135600 A CN 102135600A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a fault detection device and method for detecting an initial fault of a motor. The fault detection device comprises a voltage collection apparatus, a current collection apparatus, a signal collection system and a fault analyzing and processing system, wherein the voltage collection apparatus is used for collecting voltage signals of the motor; and the current collection apparatus is used for collecting current signals of the motor. The fault detection device is characterized in that the voltage collection apparatus and the current collection apparatus are connected with the signal collection system; the signal collection system processes collected voltage signals and current signals and then transmits to the fault analyzing and processing system; and the fault analyzing and processing system calculates, analyzes and processes data transmitted by the signal collection system so as to obtain the state information of the asynchronous motor. The fault detection method is used for measuring the voltage and the current of the motor and obtaining the fault indexes of turn-to-turn short-circuit faults, rotor broken faults and bearing faults according to a measuring result. The invention provides a foundation for analyzing the initial fault of the asynchronous motor and offers a proposal for the maintenance of the motor.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of failure detector, especially relate to a kind of failure detector and detection method thereof of threephase asynchronous.
Background technology
As gearing, asynchronous motor be widely used in various among, its safe operation is vital.Realize the reliable detection of asynchronous motor incipient failure, help the initiatively maintenance of reasonable arrangement, tissue, precognition maintenance, avoid force outage, thus significant.
The asynchronous motor fault mainly comprises stator winding inter-turn short circuit, rotor broken bar and bearing fault, and probability of happening is about 15%, 10%, 40% respectively.
Be directed to the stator winding inter-turn short circuit failure detection technique, at present, mainly have three kinds of detection schemes; (1) by surveying the axial leakage flux of asynchronous motor and analyzing its harmonic components shorted-turn fault is detected.But need to install magnetic flux detecting coil and location ancillary coil, this method is also impracticable; (2) by measuring asynchronous motor stator electric current negative sequence component, judge whether shorted-turn fault takes place and the order of severity.This method has been considered the influence that factors such as asynchronous motor supply voltage imbalance, load variations detect shorted-turn fault, thereby has practicality.But this method can not correctly be discerned asynchronous motor rotor strip-broken and stator winding inter-turn short circuit failure in engineering reality.(3) behind the asynchronous motor stator phase winding generation shorted-turn fault, stator three-phase current phase place symmetric relation is destroyed, thereby stator three-phase current phase differential to each other can be used as the shorted-turn fault characteristic quantity.But also existence is to a certain degree asymmetric on phase relation for the asynchronous motor stator three-phase voltage under actual conditions, and this influences stator three-phase current phase place symmetric relation equally, should this this method can not prepare to judge shorted-turn fault.
Be directed to existing rotor bar breaking fault detection technique scheme, at present mainly have three kinds of detection methods: (1) rotor resistance parameter estimation method, this method are based on following hypothesis: in a single day its rotor equivalent resistance of rotor bar breaking fault takes place asynchronous motor increases.But the asynchronous motor rotor temperature influences the rotor equivalent resistance equally, thereby when the detection rotor broken bar fault, must carry out temperature compensation to the rotor equivalent resistance, and this has influenced the practicality of rotor resistance method for parameter estimation to a certain extent; (2) stator current spectrum analysis, this method are that the stable state stator current signal is directly carried out spectrum analysis, according to whether there being (1-2s) f in the spectrogram
1Frequency component judges that rotor has or not disconnected bar, (1-2s) f when slightly breaking bar owing to rotor
1The amplitude of component is very little with respect to the f1 component, and asynchronous motor when operation revolutional slip s is very little, (1-2s) f
1Approaching with these two frequency numerical value of f1, adopt adaptive filter method to offset after the stator current f1 frequency component, carry out spectrum analysis again, this can give prominence to rotor bar breaking fault characteristic component (1-2s) f in spectrogram
1Frequency component, thus the rotor bar breaking fault detection sensitivity significantly improved.Yet, even actual asynchronous motor in operational process owing to the technology manufacturing and its rotor of reason is installed normally in stator current, is still had (1-2s) f
1, (1+2s) f
1And other frequency component, thereby may cause above-mentioned rotor strip-broken failure detecting method to make false judgment; (3) starting current Time-Varied Spectrum Analysis method, this method is done the segmentation spectrum analysis to it and is obtained time varying spectrum for gathering the stator current signal of asynchronous motor in start-up course, judges that in view of the above rotor has or not disconnected bar.This method possesses distinct advantages, still, must wait for that it is the weak point of this method that electric motor starting can be used.
Be directed to the existing bearing fault detection technique, its technical scheme is; (1) vibration signal spectrum analysis, this method is gathered bearing time domain vibration signal and also is converted into frequency domain, and then with frequency domain vibration signal and bearing intrinsic frequency domain vibration characteristics contrast, whether take place with the judgement bearing fault.But this method need be installed vibration transducer, and vibration transducer cost height, damages easily, and this has just limited further applying of this method.
Because all there is certain limitation in the existing technology that is directed to stator winding inter-turn short circuit, rotor broken bar and bearing fault detection, and can't distinguish fault type accurately, reliably, be unfavorable for the timely detection and the maintenance of asynchronous motor fault, will influence and adopt asynchronous motor to carry out the normal operation of the device of work.Therefore, the fault detection method that development has high sensitivity of having concurrently and high reliability realizes that it is present an urgent demand that the asynchronous motor incipient failure accurately detects.
Summary of the invention
One of purpose of the present invention is, adopt on-line measuring device that the asynchronous motor incipient failure is carried out in the testing process, as analyzing media, stator winding inter-turn short circuit, rotor broken bar and bearing fault detection are realized in high sensitivity, high reliability ground with the stator voltage that is easy to gather, stator current signal.
Particularly, adopt stator negative phase-sequence apparent impedance filter value and stator IMPEDANCE ANGLE SEPARATION as fault signature, in conjunction with sample learning and detection threshold automatic-adjusting technique, high sensitivity, high reliability ground detect asynchronous motor stator winding inter-turn short circuit failure; Adopt stator current (1 ± 2s) f
1, | f
1± mf
v| frequency component is as fault signature, with wavelet analysis, refinement Fourier transform, auto adapted filtering, the estimation of rotor tooth slot harmonic revolutional slip, the combination of detection threshold automatic-adjusting technique continuously, high sensitivity, high reliability ground detect asynchronous motor rotor strip-broken and bearing fault.
Failure detector of the present invention, it is used for the preliminary fault of motor is detected, and this failure detector comprises: the voltage acquisition instrument, it is used for the voltage signal of motor is gathered; The current acquisition instrument, it is used for the current signal of motor is gathered; Signal acquiring system and fault analysis and handling system, it is characterized in that: described voltage acquisition instrument is connected with this signal acquiring system with the current acquisition instrument, this signal acquiring system is sent to the fault analysis and handling system after the voltage signal gathered and current signal are handled, and the status information of asynchronous motor is calculated, analyzes and handle and then obtain by this fault analysis and handling system to the data that sent by signal acquiring system.
Described voltage acquisition instrument is a voltage changer, and described current acquisition instrument is a clamp on amperemeter.
Described signal acquiring system comprises CPLD controller, photoelectricity isolation and holding circuit, AD converter and USB interface.
Described fault analysis and handling system comprises the core circuit plate that incipient failure detects the single-chip microcomputer of software or disposes arm processor.
Described signal acquiring system will be that digital signal outputs to the fault analysis and handling system from the USB mouth by the analog signal conversion of voltage acquisition instrument and the input of current acquisition instrument.
Fault detection method of the present invention, it is used for the fault of motor is detected, and adopts described failure detector, it is characterized in that; Voltage and current to motor is measured, and obtains the fault index of shorted-turn fault, rotor broken bar and bearing fault according to measurement result.
Estimate the stator negative phase-sequence admittance mean value of normal motor by using the BP neural network, calculate current stator negative phase-sequence admittance mean value, the data contrast with estimated value and fault analysis and handling system judges whether to exist shorted-turn fault.
Accurately determine stator current fundamental frequency f by continuous refinement Fourier transform
1And stator current fundametal compoment accurate and analytical expression, the BP neural network is determined the mapping relations between stator voltage, stator current, power input and the motor slip ratio, auto adapted filtering extracts stator current (1-2s) f
1The side frequency component is judged the detection rotor broken bar fault as the rotor bar breaking fault feature.
Organically combine by continuous refinement Fourier transform, auto adapted filtering, the estimation of rotor teeth groove revolutional slip, detection threshold automatic-adjusting technique, bearing fault is detected, and provide fault index.
Threephase asynchronous rotor broken bar and stator winding inter-turn short circuit failure are carried out joint-detection to avoid erroneous judgement.
Asynchronous motor incipient failure pick-up unit of the present invention can on-line measurement threephase asynchronous stator voltage and stator current, and by analyzing stator negative phase-sequence apparent impedance and stator current (1 ± 2s) f
1, | f
1± mf
v| frequency component, draw the fault index of stator winding, rotor winding and bearing, provide foundation for analyzing the asynchronous motor incipient failure, for the maintenance and repair of motor is advised.Simultaneously can access stator negative sequence voltage current waveform, rotor fault detected characteristics frequency spectrum and bearing fault detected characteristics frequency spectrum, these collection of illustrative plates can assistant analysis electrical fault hidden danger situation.
Failure detector of the present invention can be stored motor fault history data, generates electrical fault historical trend curve, generate parameter of electric machine operation form, can provide the maintenance suggestion according to the incipient failure testing result.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 pick-up unit basic composition block diagram
Fig. 2 signal acquiring system block diagram
Fig. 3 Resistor-Capacitor Unit
Fig. 4 asynchronous motor stator loop model
Fig. 5 threephase asynchronous rotor loop model
Fig. 6 stator winding inter-turn short circuit failure model
Fig. 7 auto adapted filtering
Fig. 8 rotor bar breaking fault testing process
Fig. 9 stator winding inter-turn short circuit failure testing process
Embodiment
For convenience of description, with specific embodiment the present invention is further explained in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
The failure detector of asynchronous motor of the present invention comprises: 3 voltage acquisition instruments to voltage signal acquisition, preferably adopt voltage changer; Current acquisition instrument to current acquisition preferably adopts clamp on amperemeter; Described voltage acquisition instrument is connected with signal acquiring system with the current acquisition instrument, this signal acquiring system preferably adopts signals collecting, analog-to-digital conversion card, the motor operating parameter signal that obtains from signal acquiring system is sent to the fault analysis and handling system, preferred this fault analysis and handling system comprises the core circuit plate that incipient failure detects the single-chip microcomputer of software or disposes arm processor, this core circuit plate is the preferred embedded hardware platform based on the ARM microprocessor as shown in Figure 1, includes the USB digital input interface in this platform, serial communication interface, debug port, memory device, 32-bit microprocessor based on the ARM framework, associated bus lines and agreement, and part such as input keyboard.By the preliminary fault detecting software in the fault analysis and handling system status information of asynchronous motor is calculated, analyzes and handle and then obtained to data, referring to Fig. 1.
Fig. 2 is the structured flowchart of signal acquiring system, and in use, this signal acquiring system uses the shielded metal shell, prevents that electromagnetic interference (EMI) from causing Acquisition Error.Utilize shielded cable to make signal transmssion line, prevent interference and electromagnetic radiation in the signals transmission.Adopt photoelectric isolating device, asynchronous electric machine circuit, testing circuit and single-chip microcomputer or core circuit plate are isolated.Signals collecting is moved threephase asynchronous three-phase voltage and three-phase current online real time collecting exactly, for the subsequent analysis detection failure is prepared.
As shown in Figure 2, tested threephase asynchronous stator operation three-phase voltage and electric current send data acquisition system (DAS) through three voltage transformer (VT) summation current transformers respectively.Data acquisition system (DAS) is carried out the data acquisition of real-time synchronous motor electric current and voltage under CPLD controls for the control core device, simultaneously collection result is uploaded to single-chip microcomputer or core circuit plate by USB interface, and single-chip microcomputer or core circuit plate are stored collection result.After gathering end, detect the software analysis image data, and provide fault index and maintenance suggestion by incipient failure.
For signal acquiring system, three-phase voltage signal and current signal at first will just can be sent into single-chip microcomputer or the core circuit plate is handled and computing through conversion, these conversion comprise: voltage, current transformer are transformed to less simulating signal, signal acquiring system is transformed to digital quantity at a high speed with simulating signal again, send single-chip microcomputer or core circuit plate by the USB serial port.
The preferred voltage mutual inductor adopts high-precision signal transformer PT1, PT2, PT3.
The MN39 type voltage sensor that preferred current transformer adopts French CHAUVIN ARNOUX company to produce is direct current 0～2V simulating signal with voltage and current signal transformation, is respectively CT1, CT2 and CT3.
As shown in Figure 2.6 tunnel analog quantitys (threephase stator voltage and current) are sent AD conversion through photoelectricity isolation and holding circuit.Photoelectricity is isolated the isolation that realizes threephase stator voltage, electric current and pick-up unit that act as with holding circuit, prevents that pick-up unit from oppositely influencing threephase asynchronous.The Resistor-Capacitor Unit circuit as shown in Figure 3, its effect has two, one, filtered signal handle with transmission course in high frequency interference; The one, during the external data broken string, guarantee that collection result is 0.
Signal condition and program control amplifying unit act as the size according to the input simulating signal, select the amplifying circuit enlargement factor automatically, realize measurement range selection automatically, guarantee that the AD conversion is in the full accuracy scope.
CPLD is a scale programmable logic device, is the core of whole data collection system, controls the enlargement factor of program control amplification on the one hand, realizes the synchronous of 6 tunnel simulating signal AD conversion on the other hand on hardware.6 AD converter are guaranteed the independent AD converter of every road simulating signal use, have improved precision and slewing rate, also further guarantee the synchronous of AD conversion from hardware simultaneously.The AD transformation result is sent single-chip microcomputer or core circuit plate through the USB mouth.
The main performance of preferred signals acquisition system is as follows: the AD sampling precision: 14; AD port number: 6; Sample frequency: 50ksps/ passage; AD chip slewing rate: 500k/s; AD amplitude of samples composition error: ± 0.5LSB; AD input impedance: 5k Ω;
By gathering, analyze stator voltage, stator current signal, realize sensitivity, the reliable detection of asynchronous motor stator winding inter-turn short circuit, rotor broken bar and bearing fault.
Pick-up unit adopts advanced input, conversion, isolation technology, the signal parameter of extraction and conversion asynchronous motor stator voltage, electric current, application is based on the threephase asynchronous rotor strip-broken failure detecting method and the bearing fault detection method of continuous refinement Fourier transform, neural network and auto-adaptive filtering technique, realized rotor bar breaking fault, bearing fault and stator winding inter-turn short circuit failure are detected based on the stator negative phase-sequence admittance average detection method of BP nerual network technique.
Nerual network technique, the combination of refinement fourier transform technique, auto-adaptive filtering technique, rotor tooth slot harmonic revolutional slip estimation technique, detection threshold automatic-adjusting technique etc. continuously, and the combining of emulation technology and actual tests, improved the sensitivity and the reliability of pick-up unit.
For rotor bar breaking fault, fault detection method of the present invention is accurately to determine stator current fundamental frequency f by continuous refinement Fourier transform
1And stator current fundametal compoment accurate and analytical expression, the BP neural network is determined the mapping relations between stator voltage, stator current, power input and the motor slip ratio, auto adapted filtering extracts stator current (1-2s) f
1The side frequency component is as the rotor bar breaking fault feature, accurately the detection rotor broken bar fault.This method need be gathered stator three-phase voltage, current signal simultaneously, in engineering reality, stator three-phase voltage, current signal are easy to gather voltage, current transformer moderate cost, the operational performance of processor brilliance can realize the accurate judgement to rotor bar breaking fault in addition.Wherein, adaptive filtration theory as shown in Figure 7.Current signal i among the figure
sContain signal S to be extracted
TWith noise n
T, and u
sBe another noise, it and noise n
TIt is same frequency.Here i
sRepresent the motor stator current signal, S
TBe stator current (1-2s) f
1Component, n
TThen be stator current f
1Component.According to output e
TSize, regulate filter parameter by adaptive algorithm, change its response y
T, can make y
TUnder the meaning of least mean-square error, offset electron current f
1Component n
T, and e
TTo under the least mean-square error meaning, approach signal S to be extracted
THere, noise u
sCan determine stator f by using continuous refinement Fourier transform
1The component accurate expression obtains.
For stator winding inter-turn short circuit failure, the detection technique scheme that the present invention adopts is: estimate the stator negative phase-sequence admittance mean value of normal motor by using the BP neural network, calculate current stator negative phase-sequence admittance mean value, predetermined value contrast with estimated value and single-chip microcomputer or core circuit plate judges whether to exist shorted-turn fault.The BP neural network is extremely effective aspect the mapping relations between definite stator negative phase-sequence admittance mean value and stator voltage, electric current, power input.
For bearing fault, the detection technique scheme that the present invention adopts is: the stator current signal frequency spectrum analysis method, and it is similar to rotor bar breaking fault, and the asynchronous motor bearing fault will occur in stator current after taking place | f
1± mf
v| the extra current component (f of frequency
vBe bear vibration characteristic frequency, m=1,2,3 ...).This stator current signal is easy to gather, and is easy to analyze.
The asynchronous motor mathematics model analysis
(1) asynchronous motor stator rotor loop; Asynchronous motor stator three phase windings adopt three kinds of martingales shown in Figure 4, and promptly the star-star connection center line is drawn (YN connects), the star-star connection center line is not drawn (Y connects) and delta connection (D connects).Threephase asynchronous rotor loop model supposes that the rotor slot number is n as shown in Figure 5, and then rotor loop separate current number is n+1.
(2) threephase asynchronous rotor bar breaking fault model: can get by Fig. 5, if sliver j fracture, then loop current i
j=j
J+1, be equivalent to loop j and loop j+1 are merged into a loop.
(3) asynchronous motor stator winding inter-turn short circuit failure model: Fig. 6 is the asynchronous motor stator winding inter-turn short circuit model, and obviously the stator aspect has increased a new current return---turn-to-turn short circuit loop.
Behind the threephase asynchronous generation rotor bar breaking fault, (1-2s) f will appear in its stator current
1The extra current component of frequency.Because its modulating action, stator current presents periodically pulsing, and electromagnetic torque is pulsed thereupon, causes rotor speed with 2sf
1Frequency jitter, and the fluctuation of rotor speed further causes stator current (1+2s) f
1The appearance of frequency extra current component.Generally with stator current (1-2s) f
1, (1+2s) f
1Frequency extra current component is called the side frequency component.Simultaneously, behind the threephase asynchronous generation rotor bar breaking fault, its rotor-side is symmetry no longer, thereby causes the stator side positive sequence voltage to produce negative-sequence current.The numerical value of negative-sequence current is followed further developing of rotor bar breaking fault and is increased, and its numerical value increases along with the increase of motor load under the same fault form.No matter whether the threephase asynchronous rotor bar breaking fault takes place, and the stator three-phase current all keeps the symmetry of its phase place and amplitude.During threephase asynchronous no-load running, even there is serious rotor bar breaking fault, for example 1,2, No. 3 slivers rupture (1-2s) f simultaneously
1, (1+2s) f
1The amplitude of side frequency component also is very little, therefore can affirm, if (1-2s) f is then used in threephase asynchronous no-load running
1, (1+2s) f
1There is certain difficulty in the side frequency component as fault signature detection rotor broken bar fault, but this moment (5-4s) f
1The side frequency component amplitude is far longer than (1-2s) f
1Therefore the side frequency component amplitude is inferred and is chosen (5-4s) f this moment
1The side frequency component is feasible as fault signature to realize that rotor bar breaking fault detects.As long as the non-no-load running of motor can be selected (1-2s) f
1The side frequency component is as the rotor bar breaking fault feature.
With regard to real electrical machinery,,, in its stator current, still there is (1-2s) f even rotor is normal owing to technology, manufacturing and installation reason
1, (1+2s) f
1(5-4s) f
1Equilateral frequency component.(1-2s) f
1, (1+2s) f
1Side frequency component and f
1The ratio of component amplitude is followed motor load to increase and is increased.In engineering is used, often select side frequency component and f
1Likening to of component amplitude is the fault signature amount, whether surpasses the detection that a certain detection threshold is realized rotor bar breaking fault by judging its numerical value.Therefore must at first clear and definite normal motor (1+2s) f
1Side frequency component and f
1The ratio of component amplitude and the motor load situation corresponding relation between the two, thus suitable detection threshold is set, guarantee the sensitivity and the reliability of fault detect.
In engineering reality, be sensitivity and the reliability that guarantees that broken bar fault detects, must be to (1-2s) f
1, (1+2s) f
1Component is done quantitative test.The precondition of this quantitative test is known f
1With the concrete numerical value of s, i.e. (1-2s) f
1, (1+2s) f
1The concrete numerical value of these two side frequency components.
Threephase asynchronous rotor strip-broken failure detecting method based on continuous refinement Fourier transform, neural network and auto-adaptive filtering technique can obtain very high sensitivity and reliability.Use continuous refinement fourier transform method, can accurately determine motor stator current first harmonics frequency f
1, can also determine motor stator current first harmonics component accurate and analytical expression, form reference signal in view of the above, handle stator current is made auto adapted filtering.In order to improve sensitivity and the reliability that the threephase asynchronous rotor bar breaking fault detects, must at first determine the concrete numerical value of motor slip ratio s.For motor stator voltage, current signal, this information of revolutional slip is difficult to gather.According to the asynchronous motor operation logic as can be known, when a definite asynchronous motor stable operation, its stator voltage, electric current, the unique definite asynchronous motor revolutional slip of power input.The BP neural network is possessing unique advantage aspect the processing nonlinear system model, therefore is used for the mapping relations between definite asynchronous motor stator voltage, electric current and power input and its revolutional slip.Basic ideas based on the threephase asynchronous rotor bar breaking fault feature extracting method of auto adapted filtering are: adopt adaptive filter method to offset motor stator electric current f
1Component, outstanding (1-2s) f in spectrogram
1Component---rotor bar breaking fault feature.
Behind the asynchronous motor generation stator winding inter-turn short circuit failure, the stator winding additional current sources will cause stator current negative sequence component will occur, and its numerical value is followed the aggravation of the shorted-turn fault order of severity and increased.In addition, under the shorted-turn fault of same form, its numerical value and motor load situation are irrelevant substantially.Simultaneously, shorted-turn fault takes place after, third-harmonic component will occur in the stator current, and numerical value is followed the aggravation of the shorted-turn fault order of severity and is increased.If stator winding inter-turn short circuit failure takes place in asynchronous motor when no-load running, the side frequency component will appear in the stator current, and this and rotor bar breaking fault are similar.This shows that the conventional rotor strip-broken failure detecting method based on the stator current spectrum analysis may be a rotor bar breaking fault with the stator winding inter-turn short circuit failure false judgment.But, if be aided with f
1, s information and do quantitative test, can avoid erroneous judgement.In addition, if stator winding inter-turn short circuit failure takes place when full-load run asynchronous motor, stator current side frequency component values is very little, and above-mentioned erroneous judgement can not occur.
In practice, there is certain negative sequence component in the asynchronous motor stator three-phase voltage.Owing to technology, manufacturing reason, three-phase stator winding, magnetic circuit are not perfect symmetry, even normally operation under the positive phase voltage of three-phase also the stator negative sequence component will occur in its stator current.That is to say that even stator winding inter-turn short circuit failure does not take place, still there is certain negative sequence component in the stator three-phase current.Even after the stator winding inter-turn short circuit failure of some form takes place, its effect will offset to a certain extent real electrical machinery itself intrinsic asymmetry, cause the stator negative-sequence current to reduce on the contrary.
In engineering reality, asynchronous motor stator three-phase voltage negative sequence component fluctuates within the specific limits, and this will cause stator negative-sequence current numerical fluctuations, and this may obscure mutually with stator winding inter-turn short circuit failure.For addressing this problem, when carrying out the stator winding inter-turn short circuit failure detection, should select negative phase-sequence admittance mean value, promptly likening to of stator negative-sequence current, negative sequence voltage mean value is the fault signature amount, by judging whether its numerical value departs from a certain detection threshold and realize that shorted-turn fault detects.Negative phase-sequence admittance mean value and motor load situation are irrelevant substantially.
Based on the stator winding inter-turn short circuit failure detection technique of nerual network technique, as the fault signature amount, detected value is compared with estimated value with stator negative phase-sequence admittance mean value, judges shorted-turn fault.There are mapping relations between stator negative phase-sequence admittance mean value and stator voltage, electric current, the power input, and can determine by the BP neural network.
Behind the threephase asynchronous generation rotor bar breaking fault, stator negative-sequence current numerical value increases, and therefore detects stator winding inter-turn short circuit failure with stator negative-sequence current method, the rotor bar breaking fault erroneous judgement may be stator winding inter-turn short circuit failure.Simultaneously, if stator winding inter-turn short circuit failure takes place in asynchronous motor when zero load, to occur in the stator current and the similar side frequency component of rotor bar breaking fault, that is to say that stator winding inter-turn short circuit failure may be judged by accident based on the rotor strip-broken failure detecting method of stator current spectrum analysis is rotor bar breaking fault.This explanation should be carried out joint-detection to avoid erroneous judgement to threephase asynchronous rotor broken bar and stator winding inter-turn short circuit failure in engineering reality.
The joint-detection basic ideas are: use stator negative phase-sequence admittance mean value method detection three phase stator winding earlier and whether have shorted-turn fault, if there is no shorted-turn fault, then use threephase asynchronous rotor strip-broken failure detecting method, carry out rotor bar breaking fault and detect based on continuous refinement Fourier transform, neural network and auto-adaptive filtering technique.
The asynchronous motor bearing fault will occur in stator current after taking place | f
1± mf
v| the extra current component (f of frequency
vBe bear vibration characteristic frequency, m=1,2,3 ...).Be similar to rotor bar breaking fault, continuous refinement Fourier transform, auto adapted filtering, the estimation of rotor teeth groove revolutional slip, detection threshold automatic-adjusting technique are organically combined, bearing fault is detected.
Asynchronous motor winding failure and bearing fault detect all to be needed to gather stator voltage and electronic current, and acquired signal needs very high sampling precision, guarantees that voltage, current error are reduced to minimum degree; For improving the sensitivity and the reliability of fault detect, should gather three-phase voltage, current signal, rather than single-phase voltage, current signal; Absolute synchronization could guarantee three road voltages, three road electric currents consistance in time between each paths, could correctly ask for phase signal; The frequency discrimination unit of refinement Fourier transform is Δ f=f continuously
s/ N, N is inversely proportional to sampling number.
Based on the threephase asynchronous rotor bar breaking fault detection technique process flow diagram of continuous refinement Fourier transform, neural network and auto-adaptive filtering technique as shown in Figure 8.Its basic process is as follows:
(1) carry out the load experiment, obtain sample data, neural network training is determined the mapping relations between stator voltage, stator current, power input and the revolutional slip s.
(2) gather stator three-phase voltage, electric current momentary signal, u
a, u
b, u
c, i
a, i
b, i
c
(3) to i
aDo continuous refinement Fourier transform, determine the frequency f of its fundametal compoment
1Amplitude and initial phase angle form noise signal u in view of the above
s
(4) calculate stator three-phase voltage current average U
AV, I
AV
(5) calculate stator power input DC component,
(6) according to U
AV, I
AV, P
EDC, utilize the BP neural network, estimate revolutional slip s side frequency and the f of normal motor under this operation conditions
1The ratio of component amplitude
And detection threshold is set.
(7) according to f
1, u
sTo i
aDo auto adapted filtering, offset its f
1Component, the result is designated as e
T
(8) according to P
EDCJudge the motor load situation, if the empty load of motor operation is selected
As the fault signature amount, otherwise choose
(9) to e
TDo continuous refinement Fourier transform, according to s, f
1Determine
Or
Concrete numerical value, and compare with detection threshold, judge whether rotor exists broken bar fault.
(10), provide the maintenance suggestion according to testing result.
Based on the BP nerual network technique, as the asynchronous motor stator winding inter-turn short circuit failure detection technique flow process of fault signature amount as shown in Figure 9 with stator negative phase-sequence admittance mean value.Its basic process is as follows:
(1) carry out the load experiment, obtain sample data, neural network training obtains the mapping relations between stator voltage, stator current, power input and the stator negative phase-sequence admittance mean value.
(2) determine normal motor stator negative phase-sequence admittance mean value fluctuating range according to sample data
(3) gather stator three-phase voltage electric current momentary signal, u
a, u
b, u
c, i
a, i
b, i
c
(4) calculate current stator negative phase-sequence admittance mean value
(5) judge that whether stator negative phase-sequence admittance mean value goes beyond the normal fluctuation amplitude, detects serious shorted-turn fault.
(6) calculate stator three-phase voltage, current effective value U
a, U
b, U
c, I
a, I
b, I
c
(7) calculate stator power input DC component,
(8) according to U
a, U
b, U
c, I
a, I
b, I
cAnd P
EDC, utilize the BP neural network to estimate the stator negative phase-sequence admittance mean value of normal motor under this operation conditions
And detection threshold is set
(9) current stator negative phase-sequence admittance mean value and detection threshold contrast are judged whether to exist slight shorted-turn fault.
(10), provide the maintenance suggestion according to aforementioned judgement.
Rotor broken bar and stator winding inter-turn short circuit failure associated detection technique
Use stator negative phase-sequence admittance mean value method detection three phase stator winding and whether have shorted-turn fault, and take following strategy: if there is shorted-turn fault, then in conjunction with three-phase stator winding (equivalence) angle of impedance method failure judgement generation phase; If there is not shorted-turn fault, the threephase asynchronous rotor strip-broken failure detecting method of then using based on continuous refinement Fourier transform, neural network and auto-adaptive filtering technique carries out the rotor bar breaking fault detection.
Bearing fault generally is divided into outer raceway fault, interior raceway fault, rolling body fault and retainer fault, and vibration natural frequency calculates according to following 4 formulas respectively.
Outer raceway fault natural frequency:
Interior raceway fault natural frequency:
Rolling body fault natural frequency:
The retainer fault is intrinsic to be departed from:
In the formula, f
RmBe the commentaries on classics frequency of motor, n is the rolling body number, and BD and PD are rolling body diameter and bearing pitch diameter, and Φ is the contact angle of rolling body.
According to above-mentioned natural frequency, can calculate the stator current characteristic frequency.
f
CF＝|f
1±mf
v|?m＝1，2，3…
In the formula, f
1Be line frequency, f
vBe above-mentioned vibration natural frequency.
Be similar to rotor bar breaking fault, continuous refinement Fourier transform, auto adapted filtering, the estimation of rotor teeth groove revolutional slip, detection threshold automatic-adjusting technique are organically combined, bearing fault is detected, and provide the maintenance suggestion.
Stator winding inter-turn short circuit failure detects
The stator winding inter-turn short circuit failure testing process is the result according to the front signals collecting, preferably the choose signal signal of 5 second time comparatively stably, based on nerual network technique, with stator negative phase-sequence admittance mean value is the fault signature amount, carry out fault detect, preferably set fault index and be no shorted-turn fault less than 1; Fault index is greater than 1 less than 2 being slight shorted-turn fault, and suggestion is strengthened detecting, and sets up trend curve; Fault index is greater than 2 less than 3 being medium shorted-turn fault, and suggestion is strengthened detecting, and sets up trend curve, and coordinates to shut down the maintenance matters; Fault index is serious shorted-turn fault greater than 3, the maintenance of suggestion hard stop.
Rotor bar breaking fault detects
It also is the result who utilizes aforementioned conversion of signals that rotor bar breaking fault detects, preferably choose signal 5 seconds comparatively stably time signal, detect based on continuous refinement Fourier transform, neural network and auto-adaptive filtering technique, preferably set fault index and be no rotor bar breaking fault less than 1; Fault index is greater than 1 less than 2 being slight rotor bar breaking fault, and suggestion is strengthened detecting, and sets up trend curve; Fault index is greater than 2 less than 3 being medium rotor bar breaking fault, and suggestion is strengthened detecting, and sets up trend curve, and coordinates to shut down the maintenance matters; Fault index is serious rotor bar breaking fault greater than 3, the maintenance of suggestion hard stop.
Bearing fault detects
It also is the result who utilizes aforementioned conversion of signals that bearing fault detects, preferably choose signal 5 seconds comparatively stably time signal, detect based on continuous refinement Fourier transform, neural network and auto-adaptive filtering technique, preferably set fault index and be no bearing fault less than 1; Fault index is greater than 1 less than 2 being slight bearing fault, and suggestion is strengthened detecting, and sets up trend curve; Fault index is greater than 2 less than 3 being medium bearing fault, and suggestion is strengthened detecting, and sets up trend curve, and coordinates to shut down the maintenance matters; Fault index is serious bearing fault greater than 3, the maintenance of suggestion hard stop.
Fault detect can be stored this testing result after finishing, and the purpose of storage can generate the historical trend curve after being automatically, for multianalysis motor health status provides foundation.In the electrical fault testing process, must use parameters such as motor speed, stator voltage, stator current, power input, power factor, electric current and voltage phase differential, stator impedance and revolutional slip, these parameters and testing result can form parameter of electric machine operation form after detection was finished.
Adopt failure detector of the present invention, can realize online detection, obtain the fault index structure of asynchronous motor, provide suitable maintenance suggestion fault.Can just in time find at the initial stage of fault by this pick-up unit, avoid the damage greatly of instrument, reduce production costs.
The present invention adopts stator negative phase-sequence apparent impedance filter value and stator IMPEDANCE ANGLE SEPARATION as fault signature, and in conjunction with sample learning and detection threshold automatic-adjusting technique, high sensitivity, high reliability ground detect asynchronous motor stator winding inter-turn short circuit failure;
Adopt stator current (1 ± 2s) f
1, | f
1± mf
v| frequency component is as fault signature, with wavelet analysis, refinement Fourier transform, auto adapted filtering, the estimation of rotor tooth slot harmonic revolutional slip, the combination of detection threshold automatic-adjusting technique continuously, high sensitivity, high reliability ground detect asynchronous motor rotor strip-broken and bearing fault.
Asynchronous motor incipient failure pick-up unit of the present invention can on-line measurement threephase asynchronous stator voltage and stator current, and by analyzing stator negative phase-sequence apparent impedance and stator current (1 ± 2s) f
1, | f
1± mf
v| frequency component, draw the fault index of stator winding, rotor winding and bearing, provide foundation for analyzing the asynchronous motor incipient failure, for the maintenance and repair of motor is advised.Simultaneously can access stator negative sequence voltage current waveform, rotor fault detected characteristics frequency spectrum and bearing fault detected characteristics frequency spectrum, these collection of illustrative plates can assistant analysis electrical fault hidden danger situation.
Failure detector of the present invention can be stored motor fault history data, generates electrical fault historical trend curve, generate parameter of electric machine operation form, can provide the maintenance suggestion according to the incipient failure testing result.
Although illustrate and described the present invention with reference to embodiments of the invention, but those skilled in the art should understand that, specific embodiments of enumerating in this instructions or embodiment, only in order to understand technology contents of the present invention, in the case of without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention can carry out multiple change in the form and details.
Claims (10)
1. failure detector, it is used for the preliminary fault of motor is detected, and this failure detector comprises:
The voltage acquisition instrument, it is used for the voltage signal of motor is gathered;
The current acquisition instrument, it is used for the current signal of motor is gathered;
Signal acquiring system and fault analysis and handling system is characterized in that:
Described voltage acquisition instrument is connected with this signal acquiring system with the current acquisition instrument, this signal acquiring system is sent to the fault analysis and handling system after the voltage signal gathered and current signal are handled, and the status information of asynchronous motor is calculated, analyzes and handle and then obtain by this fault analysis and handling system to the data that sent by signal acquiring system.
2. failure detector as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described voltage acquisition instrument is a voltage changer, and described current acquisition instrument is a clamp on amperemeter.
3. failure detector as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: described signal acquiring system comprises CPLD controller, photoelectricity isolation and holding circuit, AD converter and USB interface.
4. failure detector as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that: described fault analysis and handling system comprises the core circuit plate that incipient failure detects the single-chip microcomputer of software or disposes arm processor.
5. failure detector as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: described signal acquiring system will be that digital signal outputs to the fault analysis and handling system from USB interface by the analog signal conversion of voltage acquisition instrument and the input of current acquisition instrument.
6. fault detection method, it is used for the fault of motor is detected, and adopts as each described failure detector among the claim 1-5, it is characterized in that; Voltage and current to motor is measured, and obtains the fault index of shorted-turn fault, rotor broken bar and bearing fault according to measurement result.
7. fault detection method as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that: estimate the stator negative phase-sequence admittance mean value of normal motor by using the BP neural network, calculate current stator negative phase-sequence admittance mean value, data contrast with estimated value and fault analysis and handling system judges whether to exist shorted-turn fault.
8. fault detection method as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that: accurately determine stator current fundamental frequency f by continuous refinement Fourier transform
1And stator current fundametal compoment accurate and analytical expression, the BP neural network is determined the mapping relations between stator voltage, stator current, power input and the motor slip ratio, auto adapted filtering extracts stator current (1-2s) f
1The side frequency component is judged the detection rotor broken bar fault as the rotor bar breaking fault feature.
9. as each described fault detection method among the claim 6-8, it is characterized in that: organically combine by continuous refinement Fourier transform, auto adapted filtering, the estimation of rotor teeth groove revolutional slip, detection threshold automatic-adjusting technique, bearing fault is detected, and provide fault index.
10. fault detection method as claimed in claim 10 is characterized in that; Threephase asynchronous rotor broken bar and stator winding inter-turn short circuit failure are carried out joint-detection to avoid erroneous judgement.
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Application publication date: 20110727 |