CN110006002B - 照明装置 - Google Patents
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- CN110006002B CN110006002B CN201811577708.8A CN201811577708A CN110006002B CN 110006002 B CN110006002 B CN 110006002B CN 201811577708 A CN201811577708 A CN 201811577708A CN 110006002 B CN110006002 B CN 110006002B
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- H05B47/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
- H05B47/10—Controlling the light source
- H05B47/105—Controlling the light source in response to determined parameters
- H05B47/115—Controlling the light source in response to determined parameters by determining the presence or movement of objects or living beings
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- B60Q1/02—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to illuminate the way ahead or to illuminate other areas of way or environments
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- B60Q1/14—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to illuminate the way ahead or to illuminate other areas of way or environments the devices being headlights having dimming means
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- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
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- B60Q2300/056—Special anti-blinding beams, e.g. a standard beam is chopped or moved in order not to blind
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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Abstract
照明装置包括:光源,其向包含关于垂直方向而言的上部的远光区域和下部的近光区域的视野,沿光轴射出照明光;液晶元件,其配置于沿着光轴的位置上,在相当于近光区域的近光相当区域不具有电极图案,在相当于远光区域的远光相当区域具有电极图案;偏振片对,它们构成正交尼科尔偏振片,包含配置于液晶元件的光源侧的输入侧偏振片和配置于液晶元件的视野侧的输出侧偏振片;驱动电路,其形成向电极图案施加的电压;以及相位差形成单元,其与液晶元件的近光相当区域对应地配置在偏振片对之间,远光相当区域与偏振片对共同构成常黑型光学系统,液晶元件的近光相当区域与相位差形成单元和偏振片对共同构成常开型光学系统。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及适合于车辆用前照灯等的照明装置。
背景技术
近年来,在车辆用前照灯之中,根据存在相向车辆等的前方状况而能够实时控制配光形状的技术(被称作ADB(自适应远光、adaptive driving beam))受到关注。例如,在以行驶用的配光形状、即远光行驶中检测到相向车辆的情况下,能够仅使得前照灯所照射的区域之内的朝向该相向车辆的区域的光实时降低。对驾驶员始终提供接近远光的视野,另一方面能够防止对相向车辆发出眩惑光(眩光)。
考虑通过如下结构来实现像这样的配光图案可变型的前照灯:将多个发光二极管(LED light emitting diodes)配置为矩阵状,使用由驱动电路对各发光二极管的驱动电流进行控制的矩阵状光源,利用投影透镜等投影用光学元件将被控制了的配光形状的出射光向前方投影。但是,为了任意地控制多个发光二极管的驱动电流,需要多个电流源,使得前照灯的制造成本变高。
还提出有如下结构:在由LED等形成的固定图案的发光部的前方,配置仅对透光区域内的选择区域进行遮光的选择遮光部,从而利用选择遮光部对来自发光部的发光图案进行控制(例如日本特开2005-183327号),其中,该选择遮光部由在液晶(LC)元件的前后两个面上具有偏振片的液晶装置等构成。发光部只要能够对视野内进行照明即可,能够限制所需的LED的数量。通过1个液晶装置即可实现对整体的发光图案进行控制的选择遮光部。能够极廉价地得到具有多个控制区域并能够对各控制区域的光透过率进行控制的液晶装置。能够显著降低前照灯的制造成本。
在车辆用照明装置等之中,在使用液晶装置对从光源发出的光赋予配光图案的情况下,通过在液晶元件内沿液晶层的两侧配置电极并对液晶层施加电压来对液晶分子的取向进行控制,并且在液晶元件的前后配置偏振片/检偏器,通过液晶分子的取向对透过光的透光率进行控制,该液晶分子的取向基于施加给液晶层的电压的导通/断开。另外,将包含使用0、1对透光率进行二值控制的情况在内对透光率进行调整的控制称作调光控制。将液晶元件和偏振片/检偏器一并称作液晶装置。
然后,像参照图3A所说明的那样,为了根据存在相向车辆等的前方状况来实时控制配光形状而使用连接有车载照相机、雷达以及车速传感器等各种传感器的前方监视系统(例如日本特开2013-054849号)。对从传感器取得的摄像数据进行图像处理,对前方车辆(相向车辆和前车)等进行检测,从而计算配光控制所需的数据。配光控制系统根据从前方监视系统发送的信息,确定与该行驶状况对应的配光图案。
将在电压断开的状态下具备透光性的液晶装置称作常白型,将在电压断开的状态下具备遮光性的液晶装置称作常黑型。例如由正交尼科尔偏振片(偏振器)夹着扭曲向列(TN)型液晶元件的液晶装置能够构成常白型液晶装置,利用平行尼科尔偏振片夹着扭曲向列(TN)型液晶元件的液晶装置能够构成常黑型液晶装置。在是TN型液晶装置的情况下,难以提高对比度比。由使用垂直取向液晶和正交尼科尔偏振片的液晶装置以及使用面内转换(IPS)液晶和正交尼科尔偏振片的液晶装置构成常黑型液晶装置,从而能够实现对比度比高的照明功能。优选由常黑型的液晶装置形成对比度比高的高品质的前照灯。
在由液晶装置形成ADB照明装置的遮光部的情况下,需要考虑如何应对因某些事故而导致液晶装置无法实现功能时的情况。如果在使用常白型液晶装置的ADB照明装置中液晶装置断开,则整个面成为透光状态,投影远光而对相向车辆照射眩惑光。虽说是紧急情况,但不出现希望该状态。如果在使用常黑型液晶装置的ADB照明装置中液晶装置断开,则整个面成为遮光状态,视野内变为全黑。这一状态在维持失效保护的安全性方面是极不优选的状态。需要构建维持最低限度的照明的对策。
发明内容
关于远光区域,需要对配光图案进行局部调光控制。隔着规定区域的各液晶层形成电极对图案,并以能够选择性地施加电压的方式配置于偏振片对之间,从而能够进行配光图案的调光控制。近光区域通常是应被经常照明的区域,不需要对配光图案进行局部时间控制。
期望得到包含能够进行ADB动作的液晶装置,并且在液晶装置故障时能够采取失效保护的安全措施的照明装置。作为失效保护的安全措施,优选为投影近光。
通过将远光区域设为常黑照明,将近光区域设为常时导通照明,从而能够构建起失效保护的安全措施。
根据本发明的实施例,提供照明装置,其包括:
光源,其向包含关于垂直方向而言的上部的远光区域和下部的近光区域的视野,沿光轴射出照明光;
液晶元件,其配置于沿着所述光轴的位置上,在远光相当区域具有电极图案;
偏振片对,它们配置在所述液晶元件的前后两侧;
驱动电路,其形成向所述电极图案施加的电压;以及
相位差形成单元,其与所述液晶元件的近光相当区域对应地配置在所述偏振片对之间,
所述偏振片对是正交尼科尔配置,所述液晶元件的具有电极图案的远光相当区域与所述偏振片对构成常黑光学系统,所述液晶元件的近光相当区域与所述相位差形成单元和所述偏振片对构成常开型光学系统。
在常时照明区域不需要电极图案。配置在偏振片对之间且不具有电极的液晶元件区域形成遮光区域。如果在该区域配置相位差形成单元并对入射光的相位进行变更,则能够形成透光区域。通过在近光区域形成常时照明区域,能够确保用于维持失效保护的安全的照明。
附图说明
图1A是示出第1实施例的照明装置的框图,图1B是概略地示出将液晶元件与相位差板重叠的配置的俯视图,图1C是示出偏光经由偏振片P1、相位差板9、具有电极图案6和无电极区域8的液晶元件3、偏振片P2的动作的图解。
图2是示出在液晶元件内形成λ/2的相位差层的变形例的剖视图。
图3A是示出代替λ/2相位差板而使用2个λ/4相位差板的第2实施例的结构的剖视图,图3B是示出在液晶元件内形成2个λ/4相位差层的第2实施例的变形例的剖视图。
图4A是示出液晶元件3的具体的平面结构例的俯视图,图4B是示出电极图案的其他结构的俯视图。
图5A是示出前照灯的结构例的剖视图,图5B是示出相当于前照灯的照明装置的结构例的剖视图。
标号说明
1:光源;2电源;3:液晶元件;4:透明基板(4-1、4-2);5:液晶层;6:电极图案;7:(近光)旋转配光电极;8:无电极区域;9:相位差板;10:投影光学系统;11:照明装置;12:驱动电路;13:配光控制单元;21:反射器;25:控制电路;P:偏振片(P1、P2)。
具体实施方式
参照图1A,对本发明的第1实施例的照明装置进行说明。以照明装置是车辆用前照灯的情况为例进行说明。在图1A中,光源1例如是包含多个发光二极管芯片和配置在发光二极管上的荧光体膜而构成的白色光发光体,被电源2驱动而发光,从而向液晶元件3提供白色光。液晶元件3具有如下结构:在透明基板4(4-1、4-2)之间夹着液晶层5,并且在图中下方所示的远光区域HB相当区域形成有电极图案6。电极图案6例如具有广泛分布的公共电极与构成显示/照明单位的多个区段电极相对配置的结构。在图中上方示出的近光区域LB相当区域包含没有形成电极图案的无电极区域8。液晶元件3例如由垂直取向液晶元件和面内转换液晶元件构成。偏振片对P1、P2构成正交尼科尔偏振片。
由驱动电路12驱动电极图案6,该驱动电路12根据从配光控制单元13提供的配光控制信息来提供驱动信号,相应部分构成常黑型的液晶装置。没有电极图案6的图中上方区域直接被正交尼科尔偏振片P1、P2遮光。λ/2相位差板(波长板)9在紧密贴合于液晶元件3的状态下以与液晶元件3的近光区域相当区域重叠配置的方式被例如贴附配置在一个透明基板4上。
如图1B所示,相位差板9配置为与无电极区域8重叠。由于不存在电极,因此不存在电场使得液晶层发生变化而使偏光轴变化的动作,然而相位板9所赋予的相位差会使入射光的一个轴向成分的相位发生变化,其结果为,入射光的偏光轴变化,从而透过配置于下游的偏振片(检偏器)。形成常时导通的透光区域。
图1C示出偏光经由偏振片P1、相位差板9、具有电极图案6和无电极区域8的液晶元件3、偏振片P2的动作。例如,偏振片P1将无偏光的入射光形成为与x轴方向、y轴方向构成45度的角度的倾斜方向上的直线偏光。相位差板9对偏光的x轴方向成分赋予λ/2(半个波长)的相位差,将使偏光方向改变了90度的偏光提供给液晶元件3的近光区域LB。液晶元件3的近光区域在无电极区域8没有被施加电压而使入射光透过,从而使其透过偏振片P2。没有相位差板9的液晶元件3的远光区域HB具有对置电极6。若在没有施加电压的状态下直接射出入射光,则被形成正交尼科尔偏振片的偏振片P2遮挡住光。在被施加电压而使得液晶分子的取向变化时,例如使偏光方向改变90度,从而使其透过偏振片P2。如果向电极6施加的电压消失,则远光区域HB的透过光消失。
如图2所示,也可以是在液晶元件的透明基板之间设置相位差层来代替相位差板的变形例。如图2所示,在透明基板4-1、4-2的一个无电极区域上形成相位差层9-1,该相位差层9-1形成半波长(λ/2)的相位差。该相位差层9-1赋予与图1A的相位差板9同样的效果。
图3A示出第2实施例。代替λ/2相位差板9而例如在液晶元件3的两侧配置一对λ/4相位差板9-2、9-3。2个λ/4相位差板9-2、9-3一并实现了与1个λ/2相位差板同样的功能,下游的λ/4相位差板9-2的出射光透过偏振片P2。在2个λ/4相位差板9-2、9-3的中间位置处,光成为圆偏光。也可以是使用3个以上的相位差板的配置。
如图3B所示,也可以是在两个透明基板4-1、4-2的无电极区域上分别形成(1/4)波长(λ/4)的相位差层9-4、9-5的第2实施例的变形例的结构。相位差层9-4、9-5分别形成(λ/4)的相位差,作为整体而赋予(λ/2)的相位差。有时也将包含相位差板、相位差层而形成相位差的结构称作相位差形成单元。
回到图1A,通过了偏振片P2的光被投影光学系统10反转投影而投影到车辆前方的视野中。在投影光学系统10的焦点位置处配置有液晶元件3的液晶层5。相位差板9优选配置于尽量接近焦点的位置上,实际上,优选以紧密贴合的方式配置在透明基板4上。
在视野内,在下方形成有近光LB相当区域,在上方形成有远光HB相当区域。视野内下部的近光LB相当区域主要是包含前方的路面的区域,视野内上部的远光HB相当区域是包含相向车辆、行人的区域。
图4A是示出液晶元件3的具体的平面结构例的俯视图。以0度示出视野内的水平方向位置,在反转投影时成为比水平方向更靠上方的位置的从0度到5度的区域内沿水平方向并排排列有在垂直方向上较长而水平方向宽度受到限制的条纹形状的选择电极6i。选择电极6i具有能够减少朝向相向车辆的驾驶员射出的眩惑光的宽度。若断开任意1个选择电极6i,则能够抑制该区域的亮度,从而抑制眩惑光。
在选择电极6i的上方(在视野内为下方)的0度到-0.57度的范围内,配置有具有规定的角度的斜边的旋转取向电极7。能够选择性地形成截止。旋转取向电极7属于近光区域。在比-0.57度更靠上方的位置配置有无电极区域8。近光区域的大部分被常时照明,从而维持了失效保护的安全。
在图4A的结构中,由在垂直方向上较长的条纹电极组构成了远光区域的电极图案,但电极图案的形状不限定于此,可进行各种变更。在车辆用前照灯中,优选将路面表面的水平方向和与路面垂直的垂直方向作为基准方向。
图4B示出垂直方向的宽度也被限制,将单位区域排列在水平方向、垂直方向上的矩阵状的电极图案6的结构。为了实现不向相向车辆的驾驶员发出眩惑光的功能,每个电极图案6i的垂直方向宽度可以较窄。通过在降低了亮度的区域的上下配置明亮的区域,能够对驾驶员赋予基本完全的视野。
图5A是示出前照灯系统的概略结构的框图。前照灯系统200具有左右的各个车辆用前照灯100、配光控制单元102、前方监视单元104等。车辆用前照灯100具有由LED构成的光源、使用液晶装置形成的配光控制装置和投影透镜以及将这些部件收纳起来的灯体。
连接有车载照相机108、雷达110、车速传感器112等各种传感器的前方监视单元104对从传感器取得的摄像数据进行图像处理,对前方车辆(相向车辆和前车)和其他的路上光亮物体、车道线(行车路线标识)进行检测,计算出它们的属性和位置等配光控制所需的数据。计算出的数据经由车内LAN等被发送给配光控制单元102和各种车载设备。
连接有车速传感器112、舵角传感器114、GPS导航116、前照灯开关118等的配光控制单元102根据从前方监视单元104发送来的路上光亮物体的属性(相向车辆、前车、反射器、道路照明)、这些物体的位置(前方、侧方)和车速,确定与该行驶状况对应的配光图案。配光控制单元102确定为了实现该配光图案所需要的配光可变前照灯的控制量。
配光控制单元102确定液晶装置对从LED放射的照明光进行调光控制的内容。驱动电路120将来自配光控制单元102的控制量的信息转换为与驱动装置和配光控制元件的动作对应的指令,并对它们进行控制。
图5B是示出相当于前照灯100的照明装置的结构例的剖视图。从LED等光源1射出的光被反射器21反射,汇聚在连接了相位差板9的液晶元件3上。在液晶元件的前后分别配置有1个偏振片P1和1个偏振片P2。通过了液晶元件3的光一边再次扩散一边射入投影光学系统10的透镜。使从透镜10射出的光向前方投影。设计配置为液晶元件的电极图案部分成为透镜的焦点。与液晶元件3的电极图案连接的端子部与包含配光控制单元、驱动电路的控制电路25连接。另外,也可以使用透镜光学系统代替反射器。
以上根据实施例对本发明进行了说明,但本发明不限定于此。能够进行各种变形、改良、组合、置换等,这对本领域技术人员来说是不言自明的。
Claims (10)
1.一种照明装置,其包括:
光源,其向包含关于垂直方向而言的上部的远光区域和下部的近光区域的视野,沿光轴射出照明光;
液晶元件,其配置于沿着所述光轴的位置上,包括具有电极的区域,在相当于所述近光区域的近光相当区域不具有电极图案,在相当于所述远光区域的远光相当区域具有电极图案,该电极在所述近光相当区域的与所述远光相当区域相邻的区域形成截止;
偏振片对,它们构成正交尼科尔偏振片,并且包含配置于所述液晶元件的所述光源侧的输入侧偏振片和配置于所述液晶元件的视野侧的输出侧偏振片;
驱动电路,其形成向所述电极图案施加的电压;以及
相位差形成单元,其与所述液晶元件的近光相当区域对应地配置在所述偏振片对之间,
所述液晶元件的远光相当区域与所述偏振片对共同构成常黑型光学系统,所述液晶元件的近光相当区域与所述相位差形成单元和所述偏振片对共同构成常开型光学系统。
2.根据权利要求1所述的照明装置,其中,
该照明装置还包括投影光学系统,该投影光学系统配置于所述输出侧偏振片的视野侧,将来自所述光源的光向所述远光区域和所述近光区域取向。
3.根据权利要求2所述的照明装置,其中,
所述投影光学系统构成车辆前照灯的光学系统。
4.根据权利要求3所述的照明装置,其中,
所述相位差形成单元在面内方向赋予λ/2的相位差。
5.根据权利要求4所述的照明装置,其中,
所述相位差形成单元与所述液晶元件紧密贴合地配置或者与所述液晶元件在光学上一体化。
6.根据权利要求4所述的照明装置,其中,
所述相位差形成单元是1个λ/2相位差形成单元或者2个λ/4相位差形成单元。
7.根据权利要求2所述的照明装置,其中,
所述投影光学系统的焦点位置与所述液晶元件的位置一致。
8.根据权利要求7所述的照明装置,其中,
所述投影光学系统包括透镜。
9.根据权利要求2所述的照明装置,其中,
所述电极图案包括在水平方向上并排排列的多个电极。
10.根据权利要求9所述的照明装置,其中,
所述电极图案还具有在垂直方向上并排排列的多个电极。
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