CN110005408A - Multiple spot compaction apparatus during being used for model back-up sand in heavy crude heat extraction experiment - Google Patents
Multiple spot compaction apparatus during being used for model back-up sand in heavy crude heat extraction experiment Download PDFInfo
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- CN110005408A CN110005408A CN201910415344.1A CN201910415344A CN110005408A CN 110005408 A CN110005408 A CN 110005408A CN 201910415344 A CN201910415344 A CN 201910415344A CN 110005408 A CN110005408 A CN 110005408A
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- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 235000004443 Ricinus communis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 6
- VEMKTZHHVJILDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N resmethrin Chemical compound CC1(C)C(C=C(C)C)C1C(=O)OCC1=COC(CC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 VEMKTZHHVJILDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000013480 data collection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001269238 Data Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/24—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to oil and gas exploitation analogue technique field, disclose it is a kind of in heavy crude heat extraction experiment for model back-up sand during multiple spot compaction apparatus；Model support is equipped with sandpack column, and sandpack column utilizes model support support positioning；There are positioning sliding block in sandpack column two sides, and positioning sliding block is connected with positioning bolt and support frame, and positioning is fixed to sandpack column；The upper end of support frame has been connected by screw to fixed block；The angle end of support frame all uses right angle corner fittings to connect；Fixed block is located at guide rod top, and guide rod from top to bottom sequentially passes through fixed block, sliding block and moving beam；Sliding block is connected and fixed with the pneumatic handle of pressure-adjustable using screw；Moving beam passes through hammer, and hammer is located at the top of sandpack column.The present invention solves various drawbacks of manual compaction's operation instantly, can either guarantee that each compacting dynamics is consistent, also can guarantee the safety of route, realizes compacting operation quickly, stable, safe.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to oil and gas exploitation analogue technique fields, more particularly to one kind to be used in heavy crude heat extraction experiment
Multiple spot compaction apparatus during model back-up sand.
Background technique
Currently, the immediate prior art: the existing back-up sand compacting for large scale three-dimensional physical model often through
The method of manual compression carries out back-up sand compacting, low efficiency to physical model, and it is inconsistent to be compacted condition, when leading to later experiments
Grease leads to the failure of an experiment along model side wall crossfire.Compacting operation seeks to originally loose sand to be integrated into one more
Add fine and close entirety.Manual compaction is exactly manually to be applied to sand with the benefit such as some compactors (hammer, plate)
Pressure.The power that different people's compacting operations uses is not identical or even the same person also does not in the compacting dynamics of different parts
To completely the same, and compacting operation needs to stablize, continuous operation, this is huge challenge for manpower.So artificial hand
The method inefficiency of dynamic pressure reality, and cannot be guaranteed compacting after sand each section on compactness extent it is consistent, by
Sand after compacting is the subsequent experimental that model is participated in as experimental subjects, and this requires sands must assure that internal densification
Property is completely the same.Inside solid degree cannot be guaranteed that completely the same sand will lead to flow velocity of the liquid in sandy soil and cannot be guaranteed
It is identical everywhere, grease is also resulted under serious situation along the side wall crossfire of model, eventually leads to the failure of an experiment.
At present in petroleum and petrochemical industry exploration and development experiment, need commonly using hot to some sand-filling apparatus, especially viscous crude
Experimental field is adopted, sand-filling apparatus is equipment indispensable in experimental assembly.Sand-filling apparatus shell generallys use stainless steel making,
True ground environment is simulated in internal back-up sand, is distributed multiple measuring points in portion in the device to detect the experimental datas such as temperature, pressure,
With continual compacting step to ensure that model is capable of the ground environment of authentic simulation densification during back-up sand.Usual situation
Under, since device internal wiring is intensive, route is destroyed in order to prevent, simultaneously because model is irregular, back-up sand range is big, using people
The mode of the manual single-point compacting of work is compacted.Manual single-point compacting not only inefficiency, but also cannot be guaranteed to be compacted every time
Consistency is consistent, and route breakage is also resulted in the case where misoperation, influences the accuracy of subsequent experimental.
In conclusion problem of the existing technology is: the prior art is carried out by the way of the compacting of manually single-point
It is compacted, not only inefficiency, but also cannot be guaranteed that the consistency being compacted every time is consistent, also resulted in the case where misoperation
Route is damaged, influences the accuracy of subsequent experimental.
Solve the difficulty of above-mentioned technical problem:
In order to solve the problem of since model compaction is inconsistent while being easy to cause crossfire, the present invention is used, and will be pressed
Tight weight is uniformly fixed on compaction apparatus, and using two sides, pneumatic handle synchronizes the method compressed up and down, and compaction apparatus can
Ensure that the consistency of compacting, and improve the efficiency of compacting, pass through fixed pressure according to the movement of the position of physical model
Tight direction and movement, realize the consistency of compacting.
Solve the meaning of above-mentioned technical problem:
By the compaction apparatus and moveable compressing method of consistency, the consistent of physical model back-up sand link ensure that
Property and compaction, the experiment law of reservoir model can be more accurately simulated by the higher compacting operation of consistency, lead to
Crossing more consolidation is to compress operation, it is ensured that the success rate of experiment guarantees the compactness of back-up sand and the not crossfire of grease, more great Cheng
Degree improves the success rate of experiment.It, being capable of preferably mould if can guarantee that the inside solid of sand is consistent everywhere
The physical characteristic for intending true stratum guarantees the accurate and reliable of experimental data
Summary of the invention
In view of the problems of the existing technology, the present invention provides one kind is used for model back-up sand in heavy crude heat extraction experiment
Multiple spot compaction apparatus in journey.
The invention is realized in this way it is a kind of heavy crude heat extraction experiment in be used for model back-up sand during multiple spot be compacted dress
Set, it is described heavy crude heat extraction experiment in be used for model back-up sand during multiple spot compaction apparatus be provided with
The pneumatic handle of pressure-adjustable；
The pneumatic handle of pressure-adjustable and sliding block are connected through a screw thread, and are slided on the guide bar；
Guide rod passes through the fixed block at both ends, and hammer is fixed on moving beam by groove, and right angle corner fittings passes through screw
Support frame is locked and is reinforced, support frame is in sandpack column two sides；
Sandpack column is supported by model support, and model support and sandpack column pass through clip and threaded connection.
Further, fixed block is locked on the support frame with screw；Support frame passes through castor movement in sandpack column two sides.
Further, model support and sandpack column are whole mobile in inside by clip and threaded connection.
Further, positioning sliding block is fixed on the support frame, and positioning sliding block is connected with support frame by right angle corner fittings, right angle angle
Part and support frame are fixed by screw.
Another object of the present invention is to provide one kind to be used for model back-up sand process in heavy crude heat extraction experiment based on described
In multiple spot compaction apparatus heavy crude heat extraction experiment in be used for model back-up sand during multiple spot debulking methods, it is described in viscous crude
It for the multiple spot debulking methods during model back-up sand include: that the pneumatic handle of pressure-adjustable and sliding block pass through screw thread company in thermal recovery experiment
It connects, slides on the guide bar, guide rod passes through the fixed block at both ends, and on the support frame with screw locking, hammer is solid by groove
It is scheduled on moving beam, support frame is locked by screw and reinforced by right angle corner fittings, and support frame passes through castor in sandpack column two sides
It nearby moves, sandpack column is supported by model support, and model support and sandpack column are whole by clip and threaded connection
Mobile in inside, positioning sliding block is fixed, and positioning sliding block is connected with support frame by right angle corner fittings on the support frame, right angle corner fittings and
Support frame is fixed by screw, and positioning sliding block adjusts on the support frame, just withstand under sandpack column along when, with right angle corner fittings lock
Tightly.
In conclusion advantages of the present invention and good effect are as follows:
It is provided by the invention heavy crude heat extraction experiment in be used for model back-up sand during multiple spot compaction apparatus structure, can fit
It for the compacting operation of various sandpack columns, is compressed and is operated by consistency, ensure that the not crossfire of model to a greater extent, protected
The success rate of experiment is demonstrate,proved.
The device can realize mechanical compacting operation, it can be achieved that depthkeeping, spacing compacting, are effectively protected device inner wire
Road avoids the accuracy for influencing subsequent experimental.
The device has idler wheel, can be compacted while moving, the sandpack column suitable for different lengths.
It is provided by the invention heavy crude heat extraction experiment in be used for model back-up sand during multiple spot compaction apparatus, solve and work as
Various drawbacks of artificial compacting operation down can either guarantee that each compacting dynamics is consistent, also can guarantee the safety of route, real
Now compacting operation quickly, stable, safe.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 be it is provided in an embodiment of the present invention in heavy crude heat extraction experiment for model back-up sand during multiple spot compacting dress
Set structural schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the sandpack column structural schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention suitable for different lengths.
In figure, 1, the pneumatic handle of pressure-adjustable；2, fixed block；3, sliding block；4, guide rod；5, moving beam；6, hammer；7, straight
Angle corner fittings；8, support frame；9, sandpack column；10, positioning sliding block；11, model support.
Fig. 3 is the working site figure of manual compaction provided in an embodiment of the present invention and mechanical ramming.
Fig. 4 is that the sand provided in an embodiment of the present invention to same area is sampled, and uses manual compaction and device
It is compacted the compacting operation figure that two methods carry out level pressure 20000Pa to the sand sample of equivalent.
Fig. 5 is the data collection of each measuring point provided in an embodiment of the present invention and the line chart that is depicted as.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to embodiments, to the present invention
It is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, it is not used to
Limit the present invention.
The present invention relates to oil and gas exploitation analogue technique fields, especially fill out in heavy crude heat extraction experiment for model
Multiple spot compaction apparatus during sand.In the preliminary preparation of heavy crude heat extraction and related experiment device, it is often necessary to internally
It sets model and carries out back-up sand processing, the compacting step that the present invention can be used in such back-up sand treatment process.
Application principle of the invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawing.
As shown in Figure 1, it is provided in an embodiment of the present invention heavy crude heat extraction experiment in be used for model back-up sand during multiple spot
Compaction apparatus include: the pneumatic handle 1 of pressure-adjustable, fixed block 2, sliding block 3, guide rod 4, moving beam 5, hammer 6, right angle corner fittings 7,
Support frame 8, sandpack column 9, positioning sliding block 10 and model support 11.
The pneumatic handle 1 of pressure-adjustable and sliding block 3 are connected through a screw thread, and are slided on guide rod 4, and guide rod 4 passes through both ends
Fixed block 2 is locked on support frame 8 with screw, and hammer 6 is fixed on moving beam 5 by groove, and right angle corner fittings 7 passes through spiral shell
Support frame 8 is locked and is reinforced by nail, and support frame 8 can be moved about, sandpack column 9 in 9 two sides of sandpack column by castor 9
It is supported by model support 11, by clip and threaded connection, entirety moves inside 8, fixed for model support 11 and sandpack column 9
Position sliding block 10 is fixed on support frame 8, and positioning sliding block 10 and support frame 8 are connected by right angle corner fittings 7, right angle corner fittings 7 and support
Frame 8 is fixed by screw, and positioning sliding block 10 can adjust on support frame 8, just withstand under sandpack column 9 along when, use right angle
Corner fittings 7 is locked.
Sandpack column 9 is installed, sandpack column 9 utilizes the support positioning of model support 11 on the model support 11；
There are positioning sliding block 10 in 9 two sides of sandpack column, and positioning sliding block 10 is connected with positioning bolt and support frame 8,
Positioning can be fixed to sandpack column 9；
The upper end of support frame as described above 8 has been connected by screw to fixed block 2；The angle end of support frame 8 all uses right angle corner fittings 7
Connection；
The fixed block 2 is located at 4 top of guide rod, and guide rod 4 from top to bottom sequentially passes through fixed block 2, sliding block 3 and movement
Crossbeam 5；
The sliding block 3 is connected and fixed with the pneumatic handle 1 of pressure-adjustable using screw, and the position of sliding block 3 can be fixed；
The moving beam 5 passes through hammer 6, and hammer 6 is located at the top of sandpack column 9.
Sandpack column 9 is fixed and is positioned first, sandpack column 9 is described to fill out using the support positioning of model support 11
There are positioning sliding block 10 in 9 two sides of sand mo(u)ld type, and positioning sliding block 10 is connected with positioning bolt and support frame 8, can to sandpack column 9 into
Row stationary positioned.After sandpack column 9 is positioned, the horizontal position of the hammer 6 of multiple spot compaction apparatus is adjusted, hammer 6 passes through
Groove is fixed on moving beam 5, and moving beam 5 can move in a straight line in the vertical direction.Guarantee the component of compaction apparatus
After stabilization, a rectangle plane vertical with 6 place axis of hammer is presented in compacting plane, and hammer 6 is then moved to this
One apex of a rectangle and fixation then adjust the pneumatic handle 1 of pressure regulation, and the pneumatic handle of pressure regulation can be according to required for us
Sand compactness extent adjust pressure, pressure value is computed in advance and according to this pressure value starting handle 1, and handle 1 drives cross
Beam 5 moves downward, and hammer 6 is moved down with crossbeam 5, and hammer 6 carries out compacting operation, pressure according to pressure value computed in advance
After real end of operation, hammer is moved upwards up to initial position by regulation handle 1, and this completes the compacting operations of a point.
Then horizontal position of the mobile hammer 6 on moving beam 5, then carry out compacting operation is moved in circles like this until by hammer 6
It is moved to its diagonal apex from the vertex of rectangle, this completes the compacting operations that one is compacted plane.
In present invention work: sandpack column 9 being fixed and positioned first, sandpack column 9 utilizes model support 11
There are positioning sliding block 10 in support positioning, 9 two sides of sandpack column, and positioning sliding block 10 is connected with positioning bolt and support frame 8, can
Positioning is fixed to sandpack column 9.After sandpack column 9 is positioned, the horizontal position of the hammer 6 of multiple spot compaction apparatus is adjusted
It sets, hammer 6 is fixed on moving beam 5 by groove, and moving beam 5 can move in a straight line in the vertical direction.Guarantee pressure
After the component that actual load is set is stablized, a rectangle plane vertical with 6 place axis of hammer is presented in compacting plane, then will be hit
Hammer 6 is moved to an apex and the fixation of this rectangle, then adjusts the pneumatic handle 1 of pressure regulation, the pneumatic handle of pressure regulation can root
Pressure is adjusted according to sand compactness extent required for us, pressure value is computed in advance and according to this pressure value starting handle 1,
Handle 1 drives crossbeam 5 to move downward, and hammer 6 is moved down with crossbeam 5, and hammer 6 is carried out according to pressure value computed in advance
Compacting operation, after compacting operation, hammer is moved upwards up to initial position by regulation handle 1, and this completes a points
Compacting operation.Then horizontal position of the mobile hammer 6 on moving beam 5, then compacting operation is carried out, it moves in circles like this
Until hammer 6 is moved to its diagonal apex from the vertex of rectangle, this completes the compacting operations that one is compacted plane.
Below with reference to specific experiment, the invention will be further described.
In order to verify superiority of the multiple spot compaction apparatus relative to manual compaction, we determine the method using experimental verification
To compare.For the effect assessment of compacting operation, what is usually considered is the compactness and consistency of sand, what compactness referred to
It is under identical compacting requirement, any method can pass through measurement closer to desired compaction, this parameter
The resistivity of sandy soils is judged, the resistivity of sandy soils is compared with the standard soil resistivity table of comparisons, it will be able to
Judge whether compactness reaches requirement.Consistency refers to the compactness whether having the same of the sandy soils under same profile, this
A parameter can be judged by comparing the resistivity size of the different sections of sandy soils.In general, consistency is better
The resistivity of sand, different section layers should be approached more unanimously.Fig. 3 manual compaction and mechanical ramming working site figure (a,
b)。
Such as Fig. 4, the sand of same area is sampled, and using two methods of manual compaction and device compacting to equivalent
Sand sample carry out the compacting operation of level pressure 20000Pa, two parts of sands are sampled after the completion of compacting operation and cloth click through
Row resistivity measurement, the compacting sand of sampling are diameter 50mm, the cylinder of length 150mm, every 10mm high on cylindrical side
The next measuring point of cloth is spent, totally 15 measuring points, by the data collection of each measuring point and are depicted as line chart 5.
From figure 5 it can be seen that the compactness gap of the soil sample being compacted manually in the vertical direction is very big, illustrate artificial
Compacting operation it is unreliable, and mechanical ramming can guarantee the consistency of soil compactness extent well.In addition, by consulting money
Material can obtain, and the resistivity of such sandy soil should be 1 × 105Near Ω cm, from mechanical ramming from the point of view of the data that test obtains
Compactness is can be guaranteed, to demonstrate the reliability of the multiple spot compaction apparatus.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention
Made any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention within mind and principle.
Claims (5)
1. it is a kind of heavy crude heat extraction experiment in be used for model back-up sand during multiple spot compaction apparatus, which is characterized in that it is described
It is provided in heavy crude heat extraction experiment for the multiple spot compaction apparatus during model back-up sand
The pneumatic handle of pressure-adjustable；
The pneumatic handle of pressure-adjustable and sliding block are connected through a screw thread, and are slided on the guide bar；
Guide rod passes through the fixed block at both ends, and hammer is fixed on moving beam by groove, and right angle corner fittings will be propped up by screw
Support locking is reinforced, and support frame is in sandpack column two sides；
Sandpack column is supported by model support, and model support and sandpack column pass through clip and threaded connection.
2. multiple spot compaction apparatus during being used for model back-up sand in heavy crude heat extraction experiment as described in claim 1, special
Sign is that fixed block is locked on the support frame with screw；Support frame passes through castor movement in sandpack column two sides.
3. multiple spot compaction apparatus during being used for model back-up sand in heavy crude heat extraction experiment as described in claim 1, special
Sign is that model support and sandpack column are whole mobile in inside by clip and threaded connection.
4. multiple spot compaction apparatus during being used for model back-up sand in heavy crude heat extraction experiment as described in claim 1, special
Sign is that positioning sliding block is fixed on the support frame, and positioning sliding block is connected with support frame by right angle corner fittings, right angle corner fittings and support
Frame is fixed by screw.
5. a kind of multiple spot compaction apparatus based on during being used for model back-up sand in heavy crude heat extraction experiment described in claim 1
Multiple spot debulking methods during being used for model back-up sand in heavy crude heat extraction experiment, which is characterized in that described in heavy crude heat extraction reality
Testing for the multiple spot debulking methods during model back-up sand includes: that the pneumatic handle of pressure-adjustable and sliding block are connected through a screw thread,
It is slided on guide rod, guide rod passes through the fixed block at both ends, and on the support frame with screw locking, hammer is fixed on shifting by groove
On dynamic crossbeam, support frame is locked by screw and is reinforced by right angle corner fittings, and support frame is in sandpack column two sides, nearby by castor
Mobile, sandpack column is supported by model support, and model support and sandpack column are whole in inside by clip and threaded connection
Mobile, positioning sliding block is fixed on the support frame, and positioning sliding block is connected with support frame by right angle corner fittings, right angle corner fittings and support frame
Fixed by screw, positioning sliding block adjusts on the support frame, just withstand under sandpack column along when, with right angle corner fittings lock.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910415344.1A CN110005408B (en) | 2019-05-17 | 2019-05-17 | Multi-point compacting device for sand filling process of model in thickened oil thermal recovery experiment |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910415344.1A CN110005408B (en) | 2019-05-17 | 2019-05-17 | Multi-point compacting device for sand filling process of model in thickened oil thermal recovery experiment |
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| CN110005408A true CN110005408A (en) | 2019-07-12 |
| CN110005408B CN110005408B (en) | 2020-10-09 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113107459A (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2021-07-13 | 西安石油大学 | Oil displacement sand pipe model sand filling-discharging integrated device and experimental method |
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Inventor after: Qi Zhilin Inventor after: Yan Wende Inventor after: Liu Yigang Inventor after: Huang Xiaoliang Inventor after: Wang Qiuxia Inventor after: Tian Jie Inventor after: Yuan Yingzhong Inventor after: Li Jiqiang Inventor after: Xiao Qianhua Inventor before: Qi Zhilin Inventor before: Yan Wende Inventor before: Huang Xiaoliang Inventor before: Tian Jie Inventor before: Yuan Yingzhong Inventor before: Li Jiqiang Inventor before: Xiao Qianhua |