CN110004060A - A kind of loading device and its loading method of cell stretch power - Google Patents
A kind of loading device and its loading method of cell stretch power Download PDFInfo
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- CN110004060A CN110004060A CN201910297680.0A CN201910297680A CN110004060A CN 110004060 A CN110004060 A CN 110004060A CN 201910297680 A CN201910297680 A CN 201910297680A CN 110004060 A CN110004060 A CN 110004060A
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- elastic membrane
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- cell
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- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 77
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- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003479 dental cement Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 55
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
- C12M23/48—Holding appliances; Racks; Supports
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- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M33/00—Means for introduction, transport, positioning, extraction, harvesting, peeling or sampling of biological material in or from the apparatus
- C12M33/04—Means for introduction, transport, positioning, extraction, harvesting, peeling or sampling of biological material in or from the apparatus by injection or suction, e.g. using pipettes, syringes, needles
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M45/00—Means for pre-treatment of biological substances
- C12M45/02—Means for pre-treatment of biological substances by mechanical forces; Stirring; Trituration; Comminuting
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Abstract
The present invention relates to cyto-mechanics fields, and in particular to a kind of loading device based on cell stretch power characterized by comprising Chinese medicine cup vacuum suction apparatus, elastic membrane culture plate and bearing device.Different suction and effect duration are set on vacuum suction apparatus, studied by different bearing devices, to apply different degrees of distraction force to the cell being attached on elastic membrane.The present invention measure different bearing devices simultaneously, act under same suction different durations and caused by elastic membrane deformation quantity and deformation ratio, to studied by the deformation situation formed after distraction force the cell being attached on elastic membrane.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to cyto-mechanics field, the specifically a kind of loading device of cell stretch power and its load side
Method.
Background technique
In vivo, the biological behaviours such as the growth of cell, proliferation, secretion and the mechanical environment locating for them are not point not
It opens.Cell can normally play its function in normal physiological mechanics environment, still, when cell peripheral mechanical environment becomes
After change, the various functions of cell also change therewith.Many scholar's application cell experiment of machanics methods, are loaded by mechanical force
The ess-strain that device applies simulated in vivo environment to the histocyte of in vitro culture stimulates, combining form, molecular biology
Measuring technology has carried out a large amount of cell and has grown, is metabolized and intracellular protein, cell factor table under various ambient stresses
Up to the research of variation etc..Research shows that period mechanical stretching can promote the function of osteoblast, make TGF-β, IGF-1,
The mRNA level in-site rising of bFGF, bone bridge element, type i collagen, the secretions such as osteocalcin, collagen increase (Cillo JE Jr,
Etal., 2000;Fong KD, et al., 2003);Skeletal Muscle Cell organization mechanics characteristic (Powell, et can be improved
Al., 2002);It can be with the moulding of organization of regulation control engineered blood vessels (Seliktar D, et al., 2003);It can promote endothelial cell
(HayozD, et al., 2007), cartilage cell (Waldman, S.D.et al., 2003), fibroblast (Altman GH,
Et al., 2002) function, differentiation, proliferation and extracellular matrix expression etc., thus to the research of cell stretch power cell,
Important meaning is played in the growth and development of tissue and life entity.
The cell machinery force loading device of the prior art be by by vacuum state under elastic membrane to causing film to become,
Then the research for enabling the cell of adherent growth on elastic membrane and being carried out by mechanical force distraction force, although such device is to load
Power controllable precise, but this device is because it is at high price, portability is poor, take up a large area, component part is more, instrument maintenance
Difficulty defect, is limited on practicability, and therefore, it is difficult to medium and small laboratories at home to promote the use of.
In conclusion needing to design, one kind is cheap, easy to carry, occupied area is small, component part is few, instrument maintenance
The loading device of the small cell stretch power of difficulty.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned technical deficiency, the present invention provides loading device and its load side of a kind of cell stretch power
Method can be realized the problem that cheap, easy to carry, occupied area is small, component part is few, instrument maintenance difficulty is small.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of loading device of cell stretch power, which is characterized in that including cupping vacuum suction apparatus, elastic membrane culture plate
And bearing device, the cupping vacuum suction apparatus include vaccum-pumping equipment, rubber tube and vacuum head, the vacuum is taken out
Suction nozzle includes integrally formed dust collecter and suction chamber, and suction hole is provided on the dust collecter, one end of the rubber tube
It is removably connected with the vaccum-pumping equipment, the other end is inserted into the suction hole, and is detachably connected with the dust collecter;Institute
Elastic membrane culture plate is stated with several culture tanks, the bottom of each culture tank is the elastic force as made of elastic silica gel film production
Film;The bearing device is the spring bearing device or sterile cotton bearing device that can be placed in the suction chamber.
Preferably, the spring bearing device includes spring and the first support cylinder, and the spring is placed in first support
In cylinder.
Preferably, the first support cylinder is intermediate tubular structure wide, both ends are narrow, and the first support cylinder is wherein
One opening.
Preferably, the sterile cotton bearing device includes sterile cotton and the second support cylinder, and the sterile cotton is placed in described
In two support cylinders.
A method of cell stretch power is loaded using loading device described in claim 1, comprising the following steps:
Step 1 plants attached cell in the elastic membrane culture plate in advance;
Step 2, the lower section that the vacuum head is placed in the elastic membrane culture plate, and make suction chamber by the bullet
Any elastic membrane is completely covered on power Membrance cuiture plate;
One of rubber tube is connected to by step 3 with the dust collecter of vacuum head, and the other end is connect with vaccum-pumping equipment,
After applied force, reinforcing duration are set on the vaccum-pumping equipment, the gas vent of vaccum-pumping equipment is closed, unlatching, which vacuumizes, to be set,
Start axis vacuum;
Step 4 after reaching reinforcing duration, opens gas vent at once and rapid hardening dental cement is poured into elastic membrane culture plate
It is interior, and stand, until rapid hardening dental cement solidifies.
Preferably, apply the power of different stage size in the step 3.
Preferably, a length of 0.5s-7 days when the reinforcing.
Preferably, the step of step 2 is changed to: the bearing device being placed in the suction chamber of the vacuum head, shape
At support suction unit, and the support suction unit is placed in the lower section of the elastic membrane culture plate, and aspirate support
The elastic membrane any on the elastic membrane culture plate is completely covered the suction chamber of device.
The invention has the following advantages:
1, cell stretch power, dress of the invention are studied by using modes such as negative pressure pulling devices compared with the prior art
Set using Chinese medicine cup vacuum suction apparatus, and Chinese medicine cup vacuum suction apparatus be better than in terms of weight and carryings it is existing
The large-scale instrument that negative pressure pulling device is tested, and occupied area is small, and component part is also few, therefore compared with the prior art
Instrument for, it is also easier in operation, thus can be carried out under all kinds of laboratories, various situations cell stretch power plus
Research is carried, and the device is competitively priced, component is easily obtained, and operation is simple, is applicable in and is ground with medium and small labs cyto-mechanics
Study carefully, in conclusion having advantage on practicability.
2, invention also provides the loading methods of loading device, it can be seen that by simple operations, then due to thin
Born of the same parents are close to elastic membrane, therefore in aspiration procedure, and the deformation of elastic membrane just reflects the deformation of cell, and the present invention passes through measurement bullet
The deformation of power film reflects the deformation of cell, it will be able to carry out the research of distraction force to the cell in elastic membrane.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the pictorial diagram of cupping vacuum suction apparatus of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the pictorial diagram of elastic force Membrance cuiture plate in the present invention;
Fig. 3 is vacuum head pictorial diagram in the present invention;
Fig. 4 is bearing device pictorial diagram in the present invention, and wherein Fig. 4 A is spring bearing device, and Fig. 4 B is sterile cotton support dress
It sets;
Fig. 5 is each component connection relationship pictorial diagram when the invention works;
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of support suction unit of the present invention equipped with spring bearing device, and wherein Fig. 6 A is side view, figure
6B is top view;
Fig. 7 is the support suction unit schematic diagram that the present invention is equipped with sterile cotton bearing device, and wherein Fig. 7 A is side view, figure
7B is top view;
Fig. 8 is elastic membrane mechanics and the deformation of a kind of loading device and Application Example based on cell stretch power of the present invention
Front view;Wherein, Fig. 8 A is that the stretching of embodiment 2 is tried hard to, and Fig. 8 B is that the stretching of embodiment 3 is tried hard to, and Fig. 8 C is leading for embodiment 4
Tonogram.
Specific embodiment
1-8 with reference to the attached drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, to preferred embodiment and attached drawing cooperation detailed description.
Embodiment 1
A kind of loading device of cell stretch power, as shown in figs. 1-7, including cupping vacuum suction apparatus, elastic force Membrance cuiture
Plate and bearing device, the cupping vacuum suction apparatus include vaccum-pumping equipment, rubber tube and vacuum head, the vacuum
Dust collecter includes integrally formed dust collecter and suction chamber, and suction hole is provided on the dust collecter, and the one of the rubber tube
End is removably connected with the vaccum-pumping equipment, and the other end is inserted into the suction hole, and is detachably connected with the dust collecter;
Several culture tanks are offered on the elastic membrane culture plate, the bottom of each culture tank is formed by elastic silica gel film production
Elastic membrane;The bearing device is the spring bearing device or sterile cotton bearing device that can be placed in the suction chamber.
The model BG-03 type of cupping vacuum suction apparatus of the present invention, the elastic membrane culture plate are served as reasons
The production of Flexcell companyCulture plate.The rapid hardening dental cement number of putting on record is the macro tool in Jiangxi for 20170013;
The bearing device is the spring bearing device or sterile cotton bearing device that can be placed in the suction chamber.The spring is held
Rest device includes spring and the first support cylinder, and the spring is placed in the first support cylinder.The first support cylinder is centre
Tubular structure wide, both ends are narrow, and a wherein opening for the first support cylinder.The spring of the spring bearing device is gold
Belong to material, the first support cylinder is plastic material, the spring bearing device weight 3.5904g.The sterile cotton bearing device
Including sterile cotton and the second support cylinder, the sterile cotton is placed in the second support cylinder.The of the sterile cotton bearing device
Two support cylinders are plastic material, and the second support cylinder is intermediate tubular structure wide, both ends are narrow, and the first support cylinder is wherein
One opening, the sterile cotton bearing device weight 2.3825g.
Based on same inventive concept, the present invention also provides a kind of sides using above-mentioned apparatus load cell stretch power
Method, including following step embodiment.
Embodiment 2
A method of utilizing upper load cell stretch power, comprising the following steps:
Step 1 plants attached cell in the elastic membrane culture plate in advance;
Step 2, the lower section that the vacuum head is placed in the elastic membrane culture plate, and make suction chamber by the bullet
Any elastic membrane is completely covered on power Membrance cuiture plate;
One of rubber tube is connected to by step 3 with the dust collecter of vacuum head, and the other end is connect with vaccum-pumping equipment,
After -538mmHg reinforcing (the second level suction of cupping vacuum equipment), reinforcing duration 1.5s are applied in setting on the vaccum-pumping equipment,
The gas vent of vaccum-pumping equipment is closed, unlatching, which vacuumizes, to be set, and axis vacuum is started;
Step 4 after reaching reinforcing duration, opens gas vent at once and rapid hardening dental cement is poured into elastic membrane culture plate
It is interior, and stand, until rapid hardening dental cement solidifies.
Embodiment 3
A method of utilizing upper load cell stretch power, comprising the following steps:
Step 1 plants attached cell in the elastic membrane culture plate in advance;
The bearing device is placed in the suction chamber of the vacuum head by step 2, forms support suction unit, and
The support suction unit is placed in the lower section of the elastic membrane culture plate, and makes the suction chamber of support suction unit will be described
Any elastic membrane is completely covered on elastic membrane culture plate;The bearing device is spring bearing device.
One of rubber tube is connected to by step 3 with the dust collecter of vacuum head, and the other end is connect with vaccum-pumping equipment,
After -538mmHg reinforcing (the second level suction of cupping vacuum equipment), reinforcing duration 1.5s are applied in setting on the vaccum-pumping equipment,
The gas vent of vaccum-pumping equipment is closed, unlatching, which vacuumizes, to be set, and axis vacuum is started;
Step 4 after reaching reinforcing duration, opens gas vent at once and rapid hardening dental cement is poured into elastic membrane culture plate
It is interior, and stand, until rapid hardening dental cement solidifies.
Embodiment 4
A method of utilizing upper load cell stretch power, comprising the following steps:
Step 1 plants attached cell in the elastic membrane culture plate in advance;
The bearing device is placed in the suction chamber of the vacuum head by step 2, forms support suction unit, and
The support suction unit is placed in the lower section of the elastic membrane culture plate, and makes the suction chamber of support suction unit will be described
Any elastic membrane is completely covered on elastic membrane culture plate;The bearing device is sterile cotton bearing device.
One of rubber tube is connected to by step 3 with the dust collecter of vacuum head, and the other end is connect with vaccum-pumping equipment,
After -538mmHg reinforcing (the second level suction of cupping vacuum equipment), reinforcing duration 1.5s are applied in setting on the vaccum-pumping equipment,
The gas vent of vaccum-pumping equipment is closed, unlatching, which vacuumizes, to be set, and axis vacuum is started;
Step 4 after reaching reinforcing duration, opens gas vent at once and rapid hardening dental cement is poured into elastic membrane culture plate
It is interior, and stand, until rapid hardening dental cement solidifies.
Embodiment 5
A method of utilizing upper load cell stretch power, comprising the following steps:
Step 1 plants attached cell in the elastic membrane culture plate in advance;
The bearing device is placed in the suction chamber of the vacuum head by step 2, forms support suction unit, and
The support suction unit is placed in the lower section of the elastic membrane culture plate, and makes the suction chamber of support suction unit will be described
Any elastic membrane is completely covered on elastic membrane culture plate;The bearing device is sterile cotton bearing device.
One of rubber tube is connected to by step 3 with the dust collecter of vacuum head, and the other end is connect with vaccum-pumping equipment,
Setting applies the three-level suction of cupping vacuum equipment, after reinforcing duration 7 days on the vaccum-pumping equipment, closes vaccum-pumping equipment
Gas vent, unlatching, which vacuumizes, to be set, and starts axis vacuum;
Step 4 after reaching reinforcing duration, opens gas vent at once and rapid hardening dental cement is poured into elastic membrane culture plate
It is interior, and stand, until rapid hardening dental cement solidifies.
We study cell under -538mmHg suction by embodiment 2, embodiment 3 and embodiment 4 below,
When after 1.5s, by under different bearing devices study cell deformation, while using rapid hardening dental cement to reinforcing before and
All diameter differences of elastic membrane after reinforcing measure, and calculate deformation quantity and deformation ratio:
Embodiment 2: to application -538mmHg suction below elastic membrane under no bearing device, after 1.5s, operating method
Are as follows: bearing device is not used, is vacuumized below elastic force diaphragm plate;The distraction force front view of cell is as shown in Figure 8 A.
The result shows that the cell being attached on elastic membrane different location is caused elastic membrane and position by identical distraction force
In the cells deformation on elastic membrane, while on elastic membrane, the cell of adherent growth is produced downwards cell because of different component sizes
Suction causes cell that deformation has occurred (see Table 1 for details for specific deformation quantity and deformation ratio).
Embodiment 3: to application -538mmHg suction below elastic membrane under spring bearing device, after 1.5s, operation side
Method are as follows: use spring bearing device, vacuumized below elastic force diaphragm plate;The distraction force front view of cell is as shown in Figure 8 B.
The result shows that the cell being attached on elastic membrane different location, by distraction force, distraction force makes elastic membrane and is located at
Deformation occurs for cell on elastic membrane, and elastic membrane middle section is due to containing spring bearing device, when inhaling elastic membrane downwards, to
Under suction offset by bearing device holding power, to be buffered;However elastic membrane spring back when, spring produce it is multiple to
Lower impact force, the deformation size of formation are determined by the length of spring in bearing device.The fringe region of elastic membrane remove by
Outside deformation power caused by elastic membrane stretching, also by downward suction (see Table 1 for details for specific deformation quantity and deformation ratio).
Embodiment 4: to application -538mmHg suction below elastic membrane under sterile cotton bearing device, after 1.5s, operation
Method are as follows: use sterile cotton bearing device, vacuumized below elastic force diaphragm plate;The distraction force front view of cell is as shown in Figure 8 C.
The result shows that it is similar with spring bearing device stress, the cell on elastic membrane different location is attached at by stretching
Power, distraction force makes elastic membrane and the cell on elastic membrane, and deformation occurs, and elastic membrane middle section is due to containing spring support
Device, downward suction are offset by bearing device holding power, and cell is only by deformation power caused by elastic membrane stretching, and elastic membrane
Fringe region is in addition to by deformation power caused by elastic membrane stretching, due to lacking support, also by downward suction.
With sterile cotton bearing device, spring bearing device has elastic potential energy due to being provided with spring, spring itself, true
When empty pump is inhaled, more deformation are capable of forming, and in vacuum release, when elastic membrane is sprung back, multiple downward impact forces are formed, because
This is bigger than the deformation quantity of sterile cotton bearing device and deformation ratio.Compared with no bearing device, due to sterile cotton bearing device and
The downward suction of spring bearing device is offset by bearing device holding power, therefore deformation quantity and deformation of the ratio without bearing device
Rate is small.
Table 1, the deformation quantity of embodiment 2-4 and deformation ratio
Bearing device | Suction rank | Deformation quantity (mm) | Deformation percentage (%) |
Embodiment 2 | Second level | 8.6 | 32.0% |
Embodiment 3 | Second level | 11 | 31.4% |
Embodiment 4 | Second level | 7.9 | 22.6% |
In conclusion without bearing device cell institute stress uniformity, deformation is larger;Spring support and sterile cotton support dress
It sets, central support region is different with fringe region cell institute stress, and deformation is small compared with no bearing device;The comparison of two bearing devices, bullet
Spring bearing device due to spring, elastic membrane can downwards amplitude of deformation it is bigger, therefore formed deformation than sterile cotton support
Greatly.The present invention is by 3 kinds of different bearing devices of selection, and as needed, selecting different research purposes, (whether stress requires uniformly
Unanimously, loading characteristic and size etc.), the load of different degrees of to cell applied force, to study cell under the action of distraction force
The physiological and pathological of generation changes.
The present invention can also study the distraction force that the cell under different bearing devices is subject to.Compared with prior art, this hair
Bright cheap, small volume, easy maintenance can expand in middle-size and small-size laboratory and apply, while can study cell not
With the distraction force that the cell under bearing device is subject to, can between 10%~50% deformation percentage settable difference stress
Degree can meet middle-size and small-size Laboratory Request.
Although the embodiments of the invention are described in conjunction with the attached drawings, but those skilled in the art can not depart from this hair
Various modifications, perfect and modification are made in the case where bright spirit and scope, such modification, perfect and modification are each fallen within by institute
Within attached claim limited range.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of loading device of cell stretch power, which is characterized in that including cupping vacuum suction apparatus, elastic membrane culture plate with
And bearing device, the cupping vacuum suction apparatus include vaccum-pumping equipment (1), rubber tube (2) and vacuum head, it is described true
Empty pump suction nozzle includes integrally formed dust collecter (4) and suction chamber (5), and suction hole is provided on the dust collecter, the rubber
One end of sebific duct is removably connected with the vaccum-pumping equipment (1), and the other end is inserted into the suction hole, and with the dust collecter
It is detachably connected;The elastic membrane culture plate has several culture tanks (6), and the bottom of each culture tank (6) is by elasticity
The elastic membrane (3) that pellosil is made;The bearing device be the spring bearing device that can be placed in the suction chamber or
Person's sterile cotton bearing device.
2. a kind of loading device of cell stretch power according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the spring bearing device
Including spring and the first support cylinder, the spring is placed in the first support cylinder.
3. a kind of loading device of cell stretch power according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the first support cylinder is
Intermediate tubular structure wide, both ends are narrow, and a wherein opening for the first support cylinder.
4. a kind of loading device of cell stretch power according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the sterile cotton support dress
It sets including sterile cotton and the second support cylinder, the sterile cotton is placed in the second support cylinder.
5. a kind of method using the load cell stretch power of loading device described in claim 1, comprising the following steps:
Step 1 plants attached cell in the elastic membrane culture plate in advance;
Step 2, the lower section that the vacuum head is placed in the elastic membrane culture plate, and make suction chamber by the elastic membrane
Any elastic membrane is completely covered on culture plate;
One of rubber tube is connected to by step 3 with the dust collecter of vacuum head, and the other end is connect with vaccum-pumping equipment, in institute
It states after applied force, reinforcing duration are set on vaccum-pumping equipment, closes the gas vent of vaccum-pumping equipment, unlatching, which vacuumizes, to be set, and is started
Axis vacuum;
Step 4 after reaching reinforcing duration, opens gas vent at once and rapid hardening dental cement is poured into elastic membrane culture plate,
And stand, until rapid hardening dental cement solidifies.
6. the method for load cell stretch power according to claim 5, which is characterized in that apply in the step 3 different
The power of rank size.
7. the method for load cell stretch power according to claim 5, which is characterized in that a length of 0.5s-7 when the reinforcing
It.
8. the method for load cell stretch power according to claim 6, which is characterized in that a length of 0.5s-7 when the reinforcing
It.
9. the method for load cell stretch power according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the step of step 2 is changed to: by institute
It states bearing device to be placed in the suction chamber of the vacuum head, forms support suction unit, and by the support suction unit
It is placed in the lower section of the elastic membrane culture plate, and makes the suction chamber of support suction unit will be any on the elastic membrane culture plate
The elastic membrane is completely covered.
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Citations (2)
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US20080166796A1 (en) * | 2005-01-07 | 2008-07-10 | Thomas Quinn | Device for Cell Culture on Deformable Surfaces |
CN203842078U (en) * | 2014-03-26 | 2014-09-24 | 莫杰锋 | Cupping machine device with built-in vacuum pump |
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2019
- 2019-04-04 CN CN201910297680.0A patent/CN110004060B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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US20080166796A1 (en) * | 2005-01-07 | 2008-07-10 | Thomas Quinn | Device for Cell Culture on Deformable Surfaces |
CN203842078U (en) * | 2014-03-26 | 2014-09-24 | 莫杰锋 | Cupping machine device with built-in vacuum pump |
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姜宗来等: "《生物力学研究前沿系列 血管力学生物学》", 31 December 2017, 上海交通大学出版社 * |
张晓燕等: "体外培养细胞拉伸加载装置的研制", 《山东大学学报(医学版)》 * |
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