CN110003558B - Preparation method and application of improved wood-plastic composite material - Google Patents
Preparation method and application of improved wood-plastic composite material Download PDFInfo
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- CN110003558B CN110003558B CN201910309344.3A CN201910309344A CN110003558B CN 110003558 B CN110003558 B CN 110003558B CN 201910309344 A CN201910309344 A CN 201910309344A CN 110003558 B CN110003558 B CN 110003558B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
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- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/14—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing polymeric additives characterised by shape
- C08L2205/16—Fibres; Fibrils
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of an improved wood-plastic composite material, which comprises the steps of melting, dyeing, mixing, forming and the like of high-density polyethylene, wherein the wood-plastic composite material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 50-70% of high-density polyethylene; 10-20% of nylon plastic powder; 20-30% of wood fiber powder. The wood-plastic composite material is prepared by uniformly mixing the components. The improved wood-plastic composite material provided by the invention adopts high-density polyethylene as a main raw material, then nylon plastic and wood fiber powder are mixed, and the wood fiber powder is added, so that the wood fiber powder is completely coated by high-density polyethylene molten liquid, the moisture absorption of the wood fiber powder is greatly reduced, the dispersibility, the oxidation resistance and the flame retardance are greatly improved, and the strength of the wood-plastic composite material is further improved; and the nylon plastic is added, so that the strength of the wood-plastic composite material is further improved, and the product manufactured by the wood-plastic composite material has excellent performances of oxidation resistance, folding resistance, bending resistance and the like, and can meet the use requirement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of materials, in particular to a preparation method and application of an improved wood-plastic composite material.
Background
Wood-Plastic Composites (WPC) are a new type of composite material which has been vigorously developed in recent years at home and abroad, and refer to a board or a profile which is produced by mixing polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride and the like instead of a common resin adhesive with more than 50% of waste plant fibers such as Wood flour, rice hulls, straws and the like to form a new Wood material, and then carrying out Plastic processing processes such as extrusion, die pressing, injection molding and the like. The method is mainly used in industries such as building materials, furniture, logistics packaging and the like.
As shown in the chinese patent No. 201310417130.0, it discloses a PVC foamed wood-plastic composite and a method for manufacturing the same, the wood-plastic composite is made of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-70 parts of PVC resin powder, 1-55 parts of wood powder, 5-40 parts of calcium carbonate powder, 0.1-0.5 part of sodium bicarbonate, 0.3-0.6 part of azo compound or hydrazine derivative or semicarbazide compound or nitroso compound, 2-10 parts of foaming regulator, 1.5-6 parts of composite stabilizer, 0.7-2.1 parts of lubricant, 0.5-1.2 parts of soybean oil, 2.5-5.5 parts of impact modifier and 0.5-3 parts of processing aid.
The existing wood-plastic composite material is similar to the composite material, and is prepared by taking PVC plastic as a main raw material, and then adding light calcium carbonate and a small amount of wood powder and mixing.
The preparation process is that the light calcium carbonate powder is mixed with PVC, and then the wood powder is added. However, the wood-plastic composite material has more components and a more complicated preparation process; meanwhile, after the mixed wood-plastic composite material is extruded into a product by an extruder, due to the existence of calcium carbonate powder, a series of problems that the bonding degree and the fusion degree of PVC plastic are reduced, the toughness of the product is reduced, wood powder and light calcium carbonate powder are not fused, gaps can be formed in the product and the like can occur, so that the finished product has the defects of easy oxidation and color fading, low strength, easy breakage and the like, and the user requirements can not be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method and application of an improved wood-plastic composite material, the improved wood-plastic composite material has the advantages of folding resistance, high strength, oxidation resistance, cyclic utilization, environmental protection, strong plasticity and the like, can be widely applied to the fields of manufacturing of cyclic utilization furniture, plates, 3D printing materials and the like, and can at least solve one of the problems.
According to one aspect of the invention, a preparation method of an improved wood-plastic composite material is provided, wherein the wood-plastic composite material comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
50-70% of high-density polyethylene;
10-20% of nylon plastic powder;
0-6% of a coloring agent;
20-30% of wood fiber powder;
the preparation method of the wood-plastic composite material comprises the following steps:
s1, melting of high-density polyethylene: adding high-density polyethylene into a high-speed mixer, and carrying out hot melting on the high-density polyethylene into a flowing liquid to obtain a molten plastic liquid for later use;
s2, dyeing: adding a coloring agent into a high-speed mixer to dye the molten plastic liquid;
s3, mixing: adding wood fiber powder and nylon plastic powder into a high-speed mixer, and uniformly mixing and stirring to obtain a wood-plastic composite mixed solution;
s4, molding: extruding the mixed solution into strips by a plastic extruding machine for later use.
Wherein, the temperature required for melting the High Density Polyethylene (HDPE for short) into a liquid state is 130-200 ℃, the plasticity is strong, and the bonding property is strong; the high-density polyethylene is thermoplastic plastic, belongs to an environment-friendly material, and can be recycled after being heated to reach a melting point.
Nylon plastic powder (Polyamide, the English name: Polyamide, abbreviated as PA) is melted into liquid state, the temperature required by the melting is 220-400 ℃, and the toughness is extremely strong; the nylon is thermoplastic plastic, belongs to an environment-friendly material, and can be recycled after being heated to reach a melting point. The nylon plastic powder of the invention can be commercially available nylon 66 plastic powder.
The coloring agent can be color concentrate, and can dye the plastic liquid according to the needs to satisfy different use requirements.
Wood fiber powder: the wood fiber powder can be wood powder such as commercially available bamboo powder, the combustion temperature of the wood fiber powder is 260-380 ℃ under the conditions of continuous high temperature, oxygen and open fire, and the wood fiber powder has the advantages of strong adhesive absorption, good toughness and the like.
The improved wood-plastic composite material provided by the invention adopts high-density polyethylene as a main raw material, then nylon plastic and wood fiber powder are mixed, and the wood fiber powder is added, so that the wood fiber powder is completely coated by high-density polyethylene molten liquid, the moisture absorption of the wood fiber powder is greatly reduced, the dispersibility, the oxidation resistance and the flame retardance are greatly improved, and the strength of the wood-plastic composite material is further improved; and the nylon plastic is added, so that the strength of the wood-plastic composite material is further improved, and the product manufactured by the wood-plastic composite material has excellent performances of oxidation resistance, folding resistance, bending resistance and the like, and can meet the use requirement.
In some embodiments, the improved wood-plastic composite comprises the following components in weight percent: 50-60% of high-density polyethylene, 10-15% of nylon plastic powder, 20-25% of wood fiber powder and 3-6% of a coloring agent.
In some embodiments, the improved wood-plastic composite comprises the following components in weight percent: 60% of high-density polyethylene, 10% of nylon plastic powder, 25% of wood fiber powder and 5% of coloring agent.
In some embodiments, step S5 is further included after step S4:
s5, grinding: and (4) grinding the strip-shaped wood-plastic composite material prepared by the S4 by using a grinder to obtain the powder-shaped wood-plastic composite material.
In some embodiments, in step S1, the heating temperature of the high-speed mixer is 150 to 180 ℃.
In some embodiments, in step S3, the adding order of the wood fiber powder and the nylon plastic powder is: firstly adding wood fiber powder, stirring uniformly, and then adding nylon plastic powder.
In the manufacturing process of the improved wood-plastic composite material, the high-density polyethylene is continuously melted into liquid in a flowing state at the temperature of 150-180 ℃, then the coloring agent is placed into the liquid for dyeing, the wood fiber powder is placed into the polyethylene plastic liquid for uniform mixing, and finally the nylon plastic powder is added. The wood-plastic composite material disclosed by the invention is simple in preparation process and few in raw materials.
The temperature in the preparation process is kept at 150-180 ℃ all the time, the high-density polyethylene can be melted, but the temperature does not reach the melting point of nylon plastics, so that the added nylon plastic powder can not be melted but is softened and fused in the mixed solution of the polyethylene and the wood fiber powder, the three are uniformly mixed, extruded into strips or granules by an extruding machine, processed into powder according to the required specification by a special device such as a grinding machine, and then applied to practical application.
After the wood fiber powder is added into the molten plastic liquid, the molten plastic liquid can wrap the wood fiber powder, so that an oxygen-free environment is provided for the wood fiber powder, the wood fiber powder is not easy to burn or become brittle in the oxygen-free environment, the original state of the wood fiber powder is ensured, and the strength of the wood-plastic composite material can be enhanced.
According to another aspect of the invention, a wood-plastic composite board prepared by using the wood-plastic composite material is provided, the wood-plastic composite board is prepared by using the powdery wood-plastic composite material prepared by the preparation method as a raw material, and the wood-plastic composite board comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
carbonized wood fiber powder with water content of 0.1-10% accounting for 50-90%;
the powdery wood-plastic composite material accounts for 10 to 60 percent of the total amount;
the fireproof flame-retardant powder accounts for 1 to 10 percent of the total amount.
Wherein the carbonized wood fiber powder is one or more of fast-growing wood, eucalyptus, poplar, pine and bamboo; the wood material includes waste leftover, branch wood, wood shavings and sawdust.
The fireproof flame-retardant powder comprises one or more of phosphate flame-retardant powder, aluminum phosphite flame-retardant powder, alumina powder and thermosetting plastic flame-retardant powder.
According to another aspect of the invention, the production and recovery process of the wood-plastic composite board is further provided, and the production and recovery process of the wood-plastic composite board sequentially comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing carbonized wood fiber powder, namely, slicing a wood raw material by using a special machine after cleaning, peeling, removing impurities and drying; sending the cut fine materials into a vacuum pumping carbonization tank, and performing carbonization treatment for 1 to 100 hours to control the water content of the fine materials to be between 0.1 and 10 percent; grinding the carbonized fine material in a grinder to form carbonized wood fiber powder;
(2) mixing, namely mixing the prepared carbonized wood fiber powder, the powdery wood-plastic composite material and the flame-retardant fireproof powder according to the proportion in the claim 9, and placing the mixture into a mixing tank for sealed stirring until the mixture is uniform;
(3) distributing materials, namely uniformly paving the mixed materials in a plurality of layers of forming containers;
(4) hot press molding, namely sequentially stacking the divided molding containers into a hot press, heating the hot press to the plastic powder hot melting temperature of 100-320 ℃, and extruding for 5-40 minutes at the maximum pressure of 3800 tons;
(5) cold press molding, namely melting the powdery wood-plastic composite material in the mixed material after hot pressing, adhering the melted powdery wood-plastic composite material with carbonized wood fiber powder and fireproof flame-retardant powder glue together, forming a blank plate in a molding container, and then placing the molding container for containing the blank plate into a cold press within 5 to 20 seconds to perform cold press molding on the blank plate by adopting a pressure 1/4 which is greater than a hot press molding hot press;
(6) cold pressing and shaping, namely performing cold pressing and shaping on the blank plate subjected to cold pressing and shaping;
(7) removing the container, and separating the blank plate and the forming container;
(8) after-treatment, sawing edges of the blank plate according to specifications, and then carrying out grinding and polishing treatment to obtain the carbonized solid wood high-density fiber composite plate;
(9) and (3) treating the recycled wood-plastic composite board, cleaning, removing impurities, airing, crushing, grinding into powder particles, and then manufacturing the wood-plastic composite board according to the production process flow of the steps (3) to (8).
The carbonized solid wood high-density fiber composite board is prepared by mixing carbonized solid wood powder, the wood-plastic composite material and the fireproof flame-retardant powder in a certain ratio and performing multiple processes of hot pressing, cold pressing and the like.
The improved wood-plastic composite material has the advantages of high strength, good toughness, multiple recycling times, difficult oxidation and fading and wide application. The wood-plastic composite material has the advantages of folding resistance, high strength, oxidation resistance, recycling, environmental protection, strong plasticity and the like, and can be widely applied to the fields of manufacturing recycled furniture, plates, 3D printing materials and the like.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.
The invention provides an improved wood-plastic composite material, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 50-70% of high-density polyethylene; 10-20% of nylon plastic powder; 0-6% of a coloring agent; 20-30% of wood fiber powder.
Wherein, the temperature required for melting the High Density Polyethylene (HDPE for short) into a liquid state is 130-200 ℃, the plasticity is strong, and the bonding property is strong; the high-density polyethylene is thermoplastic plastic, belongs to an environment-friendly material, and can be recycled after being heated to reach a melting point.
Nylon plastic powder (Polyamide, the English name: Polyamide, abbreviated as PA) is melted into liquid state, the temperature required by the melting is 220-400 ℃, and the toughness is extremely strong; the nylon is thermoplastic plastic, belongs to an environment-friendly material, and can be recycled after being heated to reach a melting point. The nylon plastic powder of the present invention may be commercially available plastic powder such as nylon 6 or nylon 66.
The coloring agent can be commercially available color concentrates, and can dye the plastic liquid according to the needs so as to meet different use requirements.
Wood fiber powder: the wood fiber powder can be wood powder such as commercially available bamboo powder, the combustion temperature of the wood fiber powder is 260-380 ℃ under the conditions of continuous high temperature, oxygen and open fire, and the wood fiber powder has the advantages of strong adhesive absorption, good toughness and the like.
The wood-plastic composite material of the embodiment adopts high-density polyethylene as a main raw material, then nylon plastic and wood fiber powder are mixed, and the wood fiber powder is added, so that the wood fiber powder is completely coated by high-density polyethylene molten liquid, the moisture absorption of the wood fiber powder is greatly reduced, the dispersibility, the oxidation resistance and the flame retardance are greatly improved, and the strength of the wood-plastic composite material is further improved; and the nylon plastic is added, so that the strength of the wood-plastic composite material is further improved, and the product manufactured by the wood-plastic composite material has excellent performances of oxidation resistance, folding resistance, bending resistance and the like, and can meet the use requirement.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the improved wood-plastic composite material, which comprises the following steps:
s1, melting of high-density polyethylene: adding high-density polyethylene into a high-speed mixer, and carrying out hot melting to obtain a flowing liquid, so as to obtain a molten plastic liquid for later use.
In this step, the high-speed mixer of the present embodiment is a commercially available high-speed mixer used in the plastic industry, and is suitable for mixing and stirring materials such as powder, particles, additives, toner, color masterbatch, plastics, and the like. The barrel body is of an arc structure, and the special blade structure is mainly utilized to enable materials to form vortex-shaped high-speed stirring and be heated and modified. The heating temperature of the high-speed mixer of the embodiment is controlled to be 150-180 ℃.
S2, dyeing: and adding the coloring agent into a high-speed mixer to dye the molten plastic liquid.
The step can be selected according to actual needs, and the coloring agent is added when the coloring is needed, and the coloring agent is not added when the coloring is not needed.
S3, mixing: adding wood fiber powder and nylon plastic powder into a high-speed mixer, and uniformly mixing and stirring to obtain a wood-plastic composite mixed solution.
In this step, the adding sequence of the wood fiber powder and the nylon plastic powder is as follows: firstly adding wood fiber powder, stirring uniformly, and then adding nylon plastic powder.
S4, molding: extruding the mixed solution into strips or granules by an extruder for later use. The extruder may also be a single-screw or twin-screw plastic extruder commonly used in the market, and the mixed solution may be processed into a strand-like or granular material by the apparatus.
Step S5 may also be included after step S4:
s5, grinding: and (4) grinding the strip-shaped wood-plastic composite material prepared by the S4 by using a grinder to obtain the powder-shaped wood-plastic composite material.
In this step, the grinding machine may be a commercially available grinding machine, and the granular material may be processed into powder by the grinding machine.
In the manufacturing process of the wood-plastic composite material, the high-density polyethylene is continuously melted into liquid in a flowing state at the temperature of 150-180 ℃, then a coloring agent is put into the liquid for dyeing, wood fiber powder is put into polyethylene plastic liquid for uniform mixing, and finally nylon plastic powder is added. The wood-plastic composite material disclosed by the invention is simple in preparation process and few in raw materials.
The temperature in the preparation process is kept at 150-180 ℃ all the time, the high-density polyethylene can be melted, but the temperature does not reach the melting point of nylon plastics, so that the added nylon plastic powder can not be melted but is softened and fused in the mixed solution of the polyethylene and the wood fiber powder, the three are uniformly mixed, extruded into strips and sheets by an extruding machine, processed into powder particles according to the required specification by a special device such as a grinding machine, and then applied to practical application.
After the wood fiber powder is added into the molten plastic liquid, the molten plastic liquid can wrap the wood fiber powder, so that an oxygen-free environment is provided for the wood fiber powder, the wood fiber powder is not easy to burn or become brittle in the oxygen-free environment, the original state of the wood fiber powder is ensured, and the strength of the wood-plastic composite material can be enhanced.
The invention also provides a wood-plastic composite board prepared by applying the wood-plastic composite material, the wood-plastic composite board is prepared by taking the powdery wood-plastic composite material prepared by the preparation method as a raw material, and the wood-plastic composite board comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
carbonized wood fiber powder with water content of 0.1-10% accounting for 50-90% of the total amount and particle size of 5-600 meshes;
the powdery wood-plastic composite material accounts for 10 to 60 percent of the total amount, and the particle size is between 0.5 and 700 meshes;
the fireproof flame-retardant powder accounts for 1 to 10 percent of the total amount.
The carbonized wood fiber powder is taken from one or more of fast-growing wood, eucalyptus, poplar, pine and bamboo; the wood material includes waste leftover, branch wood, wood shavings and sawdust.
The fireproof flame-retardant powder comprises one or more of phosphate flame-retardant powder, aluminum phosphite flame-retardant powder, alumina powder and thermosetting plastic flame-retardant powder.
The production and recovery process of the wood-plastic composite board sequentially comprises the following steps.
(1) Preparing carbonized wood fiber powder, namely cleaning, peeling and removing impurities from wood raw materials, and slicing the wood raw materials by using a special machine; sending the cut fine materials into a vacuum pumping carbonization tank, and performing carbonization treatment for 1 to 100 hours to control the water content of the fine materials to be between 0.1 and 10 percent; and grinding the carbonized fine material in a grinding mill to form carbonized wood fiber powder.
(2) And mixing, namely mixing the prepared carbonized wood fiber powder, the powdery wood-plastic composite material and the flame-retardant fireproof powder according to the mixture ratio, and putting the mixture into a mixing tank for sealed stirring until the mixture is uniform.
(3) Distributing materials, namely uniformly paving the mixed materials in a plurality of layers of forming containers; there may be up to thirty layers of formed containers, depending on the specifications of the composite panel.
(4) And (3) hot press molding, namely sequentially stacking the divided molding containers into a hot press, heating the hot press to the hot melting temperature of 100-320 ℃ of the powdery wood-plastic composite material, extruding for 5-40 minutes at the maximum pressure of 3800 tons, and adjusting the extrusion time according to different specifications and thicknesses of blank plates. For example, 9mm plate blank, hot pressing time is 8 minutes; 12mm of blank plate, and the hot pressing time is 11 minutes; 18mm billet and 18 minutes hot pressing time.
(5) Cold press molding, namely melting the powdery wood-plastic composite material in the mixed material after hot pressing, adhering the melted powdery wood-plastic composite material with carbonized wood fiber powder and flame-retardant fireproof powder glue together, forming a blank plate in a molding container, and then placing the molding container for containing the blank plate into a cold press within 5 to 20 seconds to perform cold press molding on the blank plate by adopting a pressure 1/4 which is greater than a hot press molding hot press; for example, if the pressure of the hot press in step (4) is 1000 tons, the pressure of the cold press should be 1250 tons.
(6) And (5) cold pressing and shaping, namely cold pressing and shaping the blank plate after cold pressing and shaping.
In the steps (4), (5) and (6), a hot press and a plurality of cold presses are continuously arranged to form an operation assembly line, and a plurality of formed containers are piled up and simultaneously subjected to hot pressing or cold pressing, so that the formed containers need to be accurately aligned and centered during operation; the adopted cold presses need to be provided with a cooling pipeline system to ensure the cooling effect, and meanwhile, according to the different specifications and thicknesses of the blank plates, the number of the cold presses on the production line is at least 2, and even 8 to 10 cold presses are arranged if the production line is long.
(7) And (4) removing the container, and separating the blank plate and the formed container.
(8) And (4) post-processing, namely sawing edges of the blank plate according to the specification, and then carrying out sanding and polishing treatment to obtain the carbonized solid wood high-density fiber composite plate.
(9) And (3) treating the recycled wood-plastic composite board, cleaning, removing impurities, airing, crushing, grinding into powder particles, and then preparing the carbonized high-density wood-plastic composite board according to the production process flows of the steps (3) to (8).
The invention adopts carbonized solid wood powder, powdery wood-plastic composite material and fireproof flame-retardant powder which are mixed according to a certain proportion, and the wood-plastic composite board is manufactured through multiple processes of hot pressing, cold pressing and the like. The invention adopts carbonized wood fiber powder and highly dehydrated carbonized raw materials, improves the property of fusion with plastic, reduces the moisture absorption balance point of wood due to the recombination of hydrophilic factors of the carbonized wood, is commonly called as 'wet line', and is not easily influenced by the surrounding environment, thereby ensuring the quality of products. The bending strength and the breaking strength of the wood-plastic composite board prepared by the improved wood-plastic composite material are obviously higher than those of the wood-plastic boards on the market, and the wood-plastic composite board has the advantages of fire prevention, water prevention, insect prevention, corrosion prevention, flame retardance and the like, can be used for decoration operations such as carving, veneering, paint spraying and the like, does not contain formaldehyde, and can be completely recycled.
Example 1
An improved wood-plastic composite material comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
60% of high-density polyethylene;
10% of nylon plastic powder;
25% of bamboo and wood fiber powder;
5% of a coloring agent.
The preparation method of the wood-plastic composite material in the embodiment 1 specifically comprises the following steps:
the following components are calculated according to parts by weight.
S1, melting of high-density polyethylene: 60% of high-density polyethylene is added into a high-speed mixer to be melted into a flowing liquid to obtain a molten plastic liquid for later use. The heating temperature of the high-speed mixer of the present embodiment is controlled to be about 150 ℃.
S2, dyeing: 5% of the coloring agent is added into a high-speed mixer to dye the molten plastic liquid.
S3, mixing: adding 25% of wood fiber powder into a high-speed mixer, uniformly mixing and stirring, adding 10% of nylon plastic powder into the high-speed mixer, and uniformly mixing and stirring to obtain a wood-plastic composite mixed solution.
S4, molding: extruding the mixed solution into granules by a plastic extruding machine for later use.
S5, grinding: and (4) grinding the granular wood-plastic composite material prepared in the step (S4) by using a grinder to obtain the powdery wood-plastic composite material.
Example 2
An improved wood-plastic composite material comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
63% of high-density polyethylene;
12% of nylon plastic powder;
20% of bamboo and wood fiber powder;
5% of a coloring agent.
The preparation method of the wood-plastic composite material in the embodiment 2 specifically comprises the following steps:
the following components are calculated according to parts by weight.
S1, melting of high-density polyethylene: 63% of high-density polyethylene is added into a high-speed mixer to be melted into a flowing liquid to obtain a molten plastic liquid for later use. The heating temperature of the high-speed mixer of the present embodiment is controlled to about 157 ℃.
S2, dyeing: 5% of the coloring agent is added into a high-speed mixer to dye the molten plastic liquid.
S3, mixing: adding 20% of wood fiber powder into a high-speed mixer, uniformly mixing and stirring, adding 12% of nylon plastic powder into the high-speed mixer, and uniformly mixing and stirring to obtain a wood-plastic composite mixed solution.
S4, molding: extruding the mixed solution into granules by a plastic extruding machine for later use.
S5, grinding: and (4) grinding the granular wood-plastic composite material prepared in the step (S4) by using a grinder to obtain the powdery wood-plastic composite material.
Example 3
An improved wood-plastic composite material comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
58% of high-density polyethylene;
11% of nylon plastic powder;
27% of bamboo and wood fiber powder;
4% of a coloring agent.
The preparation method of the wood-plastic composite material in the embodiment 3 specifically comprises the following steps:
the following components are calculated according to parts by weight.
S1, melting of high-density polyethylene: 58 percent of high-density polyethylene is added into a high-speed mixer to be melted into flowing liquid to obtain melted plastic liquid for later use. The heating temperature of the high-speed mixer of the present embodiment is controlled to about 170 ℃.
S2, dyeing: 4% of the coloring agent is added into a high-speed mixer to dye the molten plastic liquid.
S3, mixing: adding 27% of wood fiber powder into a high-speed mixer, uniformly mixing and stirring, adding 11% of nylon plastic powder into the high-speed mixer, and uniformly mixing and stirring to obtain a wood-plastic composite mixed solution.
S4, molding: extruding the mixed solution into granules by a plastic extruding machine for later use.
S5, grinding: and (4) grinding the granular wood-plastic composite material prepared in the step (S4) by using a grinder to obtain the powdery wood-plastic composite material.
Example 4
An improved wood-plastic composite material comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
68% of high-density polyethylene;
11% of nylon plastic powder;
20% of bamboo and wood fiber powder;
1% of coloring agent.
The preparation method of the wood-plastic composite material in the embodiment 4 specifically comprises the following steps:
the following components are calculated according to parts by weight.
S1, melting of high-density polyethylene: 68% of high-density polyethylene is added into a high-speed mixer to be melted into a flowing liquid to obtain a molten plastic liquid for later use. The heating temperature of the high-speed mixer of the present embodiment is controlled to be about 180 ℃.
S2, dyeing: 1% of the coloring agent is added into a high-speed mixer to dye the molten plastic liquid.
S3, mixing: adding 20% of wood fiber powder into a high-speed mixer, uniformly mixing and stirring, adding 11% of nylon plastic powder into the high-speed mixer, and uniformly mixing and stirring to obtain a wood-plastic composite mixed solution.
S4, molding: extruding the mixed solution into granules by a plastic extruding machine for later use.
S5, grinding: and (4) grinding the granular wood-plastic composite material prepared in the step (S4) by using a grinder to obtain the powdery wood-plastic composite material.
Example 5
An improved wood-plastic composite material comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
50% of high-density polyethylene;
17% of nylon plastic powder;
29% of bamboo and wood fiber powder;
4% of a coloring agent.
The preparation method of the wood-plastic composite material in the embodiment 4 specifically comprises the following steps:
the following components are calculated according to parts by weight.
S1, melting of high-density polyethylene: 50% of high-density polyethylene is added into a high-speed mixer to be melted into a flowing liquid to obtain a molten plastic liquid for later use. The heating temperature of the high-speed mixer of the present embodiment is controlled to about 168 ℃.
S2, dyeing: 4% of the coloring agent is added into a high-speed mixer to dye the molten plastic liquid.
S3, mixing: adding 29% of wood fiber powder into a high-speed mixer, uniformly mixing and stirring, adding 17% of nylon plastic powder into the high-speed mixer, and uniformly mixing and stirring to obtain a wood-plastic composite mixed solution.
S4, molding: extruding the mixed solution into granules by a plastic extruding machine for later use.
S5, grinding: and (4) grinding the granular wood-plastic composite material prepared in the step (S4) by using a grinder to obtain the powdery wood-plastic composite material.
Example 6
In the embodiment, the powdery wood-plastic composite material in the embodiments 1 to 5 is used as a raw material to prepare the wood-plastic composite board, and the prepared wood-plastic composite board is subjected to corresponding performance test.
The wood-plastic composite board in the embodiment is prepared by adopting the production process of the wood-plastic composite board.
In the embodiment, the compression resistance and the bending resistance of the wood-plastic composite board prepared by using the wood-plastic composite materials of the embodiments 1 to 5 as the raw materials are respectively subjected to corresponding experiments and determination, and the test steps and the test results are as follows:
1. test materials:
the wood-plastic composite board prepared by using the wood-plastic composite materials of the embodiments 1 to 5 as raw materials and a wood-plastic composite board sold in the market as a test piece were tested. The main technical parameters of the test pieces are shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1 Main parameters of wood-plastic composite board
2. The test method comprises the following steps:
the main mechanical properties of the wood-plastic plate such as compression resistance, bending resistance and the like are tested by adopting an AG-IS 250kN electronic tensile testing machine. The compression and bending tests take 6 test pieces (1 commercially available wood-plastic plate is taken as a control group, and 5 wood-plastic composite plates of the embodiment are taken as an experimental group). Before testing, all test pieces should be guaranteed to have no visible cracks, scratches or other defects which may affect the test results.
3. And (3) test results:
the test results are shown in tables 2 and 3 below:
table 2: mechanical Properties of test piece 1
Table 3: mechanical properties of test pieces 2 to 6
As can be known from the above tables 1 to 3, the compression strength and the bending strength of the wood-plastic composite board on the market are poor, the wood-plastic composite board is easily broken or crushed in the using process, the service life is short, and the using requirements cannot be met. The compression strength and the bending strength of the wood-plastic composite material are 5-10 times of those of the wood-plastic composite material sold in the market, the wood-plastic composite material has excellent mechanical properties such as bending resistance and compression resistance, is not easy to break or crush in the actual use process, and has long service life.
The wood-plastic composite material has the advantages of high strength, good toughness, multiple recycling times, difficult oxidation and fading and wide application. The wood-plastic composite material has the advantages of folding resistance, high strength, oxidation resistance, recycling, environmental protection, strong plasticity and the like, and can be widely applied to the fields of manufacturing recycled furniture, plates, 3D printing materials and the like.
What has been described above are merely some embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept thereof, and these changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. The wood-plastic composite board is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight:
carbonized wood fiber powder with water content of 0.1-10% accounting for 50-90%;
the powdery wood-plastic composite material accounts for 10 to 60 percent of the total amount;
the fireproof flame-retardant powder accounts for 1 to 10 percent of the total amount;
the powdery wood-plastic composite material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 50-70% of high-density polyethylene, 10-20% of nylon plastic powder, 0-6% of coloring agent and 20-30% of wood fiber powder;
the powdery wood-plastic composite material is prepared by the following steps:
s1, melting of high-density polyethylene: adding high-density polyethylene into a high-speed mixer, and carrying out hot melting on the high-density polyethylene into a flowing liquid to obtain a molten plastic liquid for later use;
s2, dyeing: adding a coloring agent into a high-speed mixer to dye the molten plastic liquid;
s3, mixing: adding wood fiber powder and nylon plastic powder into a high-speed mixer, and uniformly mixing and stirring to obtain a wood-plastic composite mixed solution;
s4, molding: extruding the mixed solution into strip or granular wood-plastic composite materials by a plastic extruding machine for later use;
s5, grinding: grinding the granular wood-plastic composite material prepared in the step S4 in a grinding machine to obtain a powdery wood-plastic composite material;
in step S1, the heating temperature of the high-speed mixer is 150-180 ℃;
in step S3, the adding order of the wood fiber powder and the nylon plastic powder is: firstly adding wood fiber powder, stirring uniformly, and then adding nylon plastic powder.
2. The wood-plastic composite board according to claim 1, wherein the powdered wood-plastic composite comprises the following components in weight percent: 50-60% of high-density polyethylene, 10-15% of nylon plastic powder, 20-25% of wood fiber powder and 3-6% of a coloring agent.
3. The wood-plastic composite board according to claim 2, wherein the powdered wood-plastic composite comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 60% of high-density polyethylene, 10% of nylon plastic powder, 25% of wood fiber powder and 5% of coloring agent.
4. The production and recovery process of a wood-plastic composite board according to claim 1, wherein the production and recovery process of the wood-plastic composite board sequentially comprises:
(1) preparing carbonized wood fiber powder: cleaning, peeling, removing impurities and drying the wood raw material, and slicing the wood raw material by using a special machine; sending the cut fine materials into a vacuum pumping carbonization tank, and performing carbonization treatment for 1 to 100 hours to control the water content of the fine materials to be between 0.1 and 10 percent; grinding the carbonized fine material in a grinder to form carbonized wood fiber powder;
(2) mixing materials: mixing the prepared carbonized wood fiber powder, the powdery wood-plastic composite material and the flame-retardant fireproof powder according to the proportion in claim 1, and placing the mixture into a mixing tank for sealed stirring until the mixture is uniform;
(3) material distribution: evenly spreading the mixed material in a plurality of layers of forming containers;
(4) hot-press molding: stacking the divided molding containers into a hot press in sequence, heating the hot press to the plastic powder hot melting temperature of 100-320 ℃, and extruding for 5-40 minutes at the maximum pressure of 3800 tons;
(5) cold press molding: after hot pressing, melting the powdery wood-plastic composite material in the mixed material, adhering the melted powdery wood-plastic composite material with carbonized wood fiber powder and fireproof flame-retardant powder glue together, forming a blank plate in a forming container, and then placing the forming container for containing the blank plate into a cold press within 5-20 seconds to carry out cold press forming on the blank plate by adopting pressure 1/4 which is greater than a hot press forming hot press;
(6) cold pressing and shaping: carrying out cold pressing and shaping on the blank plate subjected to cold pressing and shaping;
(7) removing the container: separating the blank plate and the forming container;
(8) and (3) post-treatment: sawing edges of the blank plate according to the specification, and then carrying out frosting and polishing treatment to obtain the carbonized solid wood high-density fiber composite plate;
(9) disposing the recycled wood-plastic composite board: and (3) cleaning, removing impurities, airing, crushing, grinding into powder particles, and manufacturing the wood-plastic composite board according to the production process flow of the steps (3) to (8).
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