CN109995153B - Stator structure of multi-combination adjustable PCB concentrated winding - Google Patents

Stator structure of multi-combination adjustable PCB concentrated winding Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109995153B
CN109995153B CN201910362391.4A CN201910362391A CN109995153B CN 109995153 B CN109995153 B CN 109995153B CN 201910362391 A CN201910362391 A CN 201910362391A CN 109995153 B CN109995153 B CN 109995153B
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coil
concentrated
element side
sub
pcb
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CN109995153A (en
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王晓远
庞炜
李春鹏
高鹏
谷雨茜
卢怀东
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Tianjin University
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00Details of windings
    • H02K3/04Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/26Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors consisting of printed conductors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00Details of windings
    • H02K3/04Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/28Layout of windings or of connections between windings

Abstract

The invention discloses a stator structure of a multi-combination adjustable PCB concentrated winding, which adopts a double-layer winding mode and introduces the concept of 'slots' into a coreless PCB stator winding, wherein each 'slot' comprises an upper element edge of a coil and a lower element edge of an adjacent coil, the upper element edge and the lower element edge in each 'slot' are completely overlapped in the circumferential position, are mutually isolated by a PCB insulating layer in the axial position and are distributed in different PCB wiring layers; each coil in the stator structure is uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction, and any two adjacent coils are positioned in different PCB wiring layers; each coil is provided with a pair of positive and negative outlet terminals, and each pair of positive and negative outlet terminals can be connected in series and parallel in various combinations according to different pole slot matching in the design of the PCB disc type permanent magnet motor; the number of coils or the number of 'slots' in the stator structure can be correspondingly designed and adjusted according to different pole slot matching.

Description

Stator structure of multi-combination adjustable PCB concentrated winding
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of stator structures of PCB concentrated windings, in particular to a stator structure of a multi-combination adjustable PCB concentrated winding.
Background
For the PCB stator winding, the PCB stator winding is manufactured by laying copper foil on a good insulating material according to a preset winding arrangement path, is flat in structure, and is perfectly matched with an axial flux permanent magnet motor (a disc type permanent magnet motor) in structure. The disc type permanent magnet motor based on the PCB winding has the advantages that the stator is provided with no iron core, eddy current loss and magnetic hysteresis loss caused by the iron core of the stator are eliminated, torque pulsation caused by tooth grooves of the stator is eliminated, the power density of the motor and the stability of the output torque of the motor are improved, and the noise of the motor is reduced. The application of the Printed Circuit Board (PCB) technology simplifies the manufacturing process of the disc coreless permanent magnet motor armature, fully utilizes the limited axial air gap space, directly prints the winding on the PCB, can reduce the weight of the motor, enables the axial space of the motor to be more compact, enables the winding design to be more flexible, enables the coil to be more accurately positioned, reduces the harmonic component in the counter electromotive force, and improves the stability of the motor.
Because the PCB disc type permanent magnet motor is a disc type coreless motor, the stator of the motor has no tooth groove, and the concept of pole groove matching is difficult to be intuitively reflected in the design of the PCB disc type permanent magnet motor; for the PCB stator winding, how to integrate the concept of 'slot' into the winding design is one of the difficulties of the PCB stator winding design; how to realize the adjustable pole slot matching of various combinations in the PCB stator winding is the second difficulty of the PCB stator winding design. The two design difficulties limit the application range of the PCB disc type coreless permanent magnet motor; therefore, how to solve the above design difficulties is a problem that needs to be studied by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a stator structure of a multi-combination adjustable PCB concentrated winding. The stator structure is applied to a PCB disc type permanent magnet motor. The invention integrates the concept of slots into the winding design, wherein each slot contains an upper element edge of a concentrated coil and a lower element edge of an adjacent concentrated coil, which are similar to a double-layer winding, and the upper element edge and the lower element edge in each slot are completely overlapped in the circumferential position and are distributed in different PCB wiring layers in the axial position, thereby solving the problem of 'slots' in the design of the PCB stator winding; for the pole slot matching design with various combinations and adjustability, a pair of positive and negative outlet terminals needs to be reserved for each coil, and each pair of positive and negative outlet terminals can achieve the pole slot matching and adjustability design effect according to the series-parallel connection rule of various combinations; the combination of pole-slot fits will also vary for different coil or "slot" designs.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a stator structure of multi-combination adjustable PCB concentrated winding is formed by stacking at least three concentrated coils and at least four printed circuit layers; each concentrated coil consists of at least one positive sub-coil, at least one negative sub-coil and a through hole conductor column, the positive sub-coil and the negative sub-coil are respectively positioned in two different printed circuit layers, the positive sub-coil is connected with a positive outgoing line terminal of the concentrated coil, the negative sub-coil is connected with a negative outgoing line terminal of the concentrated coil, and finally the positive sub-coil and the negative sub-coil are connected in series through the through hole conductor column to form a complete concentrated coil;
the positive sub-coil comprises a positive sub-coil upper element side and a positive sub-coil lower element side, the negative sub-coil comprises a negative sub-coil upper element side and a negative sub-coil lower element side, the positive sub-coil upper element side and the negative sub-coil upper element side jointly form an upper element side of the concentration coil, the positive sub-coil lower element side and the negative sub-coil lower element side jointly form a lower element side of the concentration coil, and the upper element side or the lower element side at least occupies two printed circuit layers;
the upper element side of each concentrated coil and the lower element side of the adjacent coil jointly form a slot, the upper element side and the lower element side in each slot are completely superposed in the circumferential position and are alternately arranged in the axial position, so that the stator structure is formed by stacking at least four printed circuit layers; and the positive and negative outlet terminals of each concentrated coil are matched with the pole number of the PCB disc type permanent magnet motor and are connected in series and parallel in a combined manner so as to realize the pole slot matching with various combinations and adjustability.
Furthermore, the upper element side and the lower element side of each concentrated coil are parallel to the central line of the slot formed by the concentrated coil, are symmetrically distributed relative to the central line of the concentrated coil and are completely overlapped in the circumferential position.
Furthermore, the number of turns of the positive sub-coil and the negative sub-coil, the line width and the line thickness of each turn of conducting bars, the insulating gap between every turn of conducting bars, the line width and the line thickness of the inner end part connecting conductor and the outer end part connecting conductor and the end part lead conductor, the number and the diameter of the through hole conductor columns and the positive and negative lead-out terminal through hole conductor columns, and the positions of the positive and negative lead-out terminals can be changed.
Furthermore, the axial alternate arrangement sequence of each of the concentrated coils is adjustable, each concentrated coil is sequentially subjected to Arabic numeral labeling on the circumference, all the concentrated coils with even numbers are positioned on the same printed circuit layer, all the concentrated coils with odd numbers are also positioned on the same printed circuit layer, and the concentrated coils with odd numbers and the concentrated coils with even numbers are positioned on different printed circuit layers.
Further, the stator structure is applied at least to a three-phase winding.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects: according to the PCB stator winding structure, firstly, the concept of 'slots' is integrated into the design of the PCB stator winding, the problem of 'slots' in the design of the PCB disc type permanent magnet motor is solved, and the design and theoretical derivation of the PCB disc type permanent magnet motor are facilitated; and secondly, the pole slot coordination with various combinations and adjustability is realized in the PCB stator winding, the possibility that one PCB can be applied to the PCB disc type permanent magnet motor with various adjustable pole numbers is realized, the utilization rate of the PCB and the design efficiency of the PCB disc type permanent magnet motor are improved, and the design cost of the PCB disc type permanent magnet motor is saved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-combination adjustable PCB concentrated winding of a stator structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top plan view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the coil of FIG. 1 with the odd-numbered coil;
FIG. 4 is a top plan view of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the coil of FIG. 1 with the even-numbered coil;
FIG. 6 is a top plan view of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of the structure of FIG. 1 with four adjacent coils removed;
FIG. 8 is a top plan view of FIG. 7;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the basic structure with the coil (r) of FIG. 1 removed;
FIG. 10 is a top plan view of FIG. 9;
FIG. 11 is a top plan view of the positive sub-coil (r) H of coil (r) in FIG. 9;
FIG. 12 is a top plan view of the negative sub-coil (r M) of coil (r) in FIG. 9;
Detailed Description
The structure, proportion, number of coils and the like shown in the drawings are only used for matching with the disclosure of the specification, so that those skilled in the art can understand and read the disclosure, and do not limit the limit conditions of the invention, so that the invention has no technical essence, and any structural modification, proportion relation change or coil number adjustment can still fall within the scope of the disclosure of the invention without affecting the function and the achievable purpose of the invention.
The multi-combination adjustable PCB concentrated winding is composed of coils which are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction and alternately arranged in the axial direction; each concentration coil is composed of at least two sub-coils (at least one positive sub-coil and at least one negative sub-coil); each positive sub-coil and each negative sub-coil of each concentrated coil are distributed on different PCB layers, the positive sub-coil is connected with a positive outgoing line terminal of the concentrated coil, the negative sub-coil is connected with a negative outgoing line terminal of the concentrated coil, and the positive sub-coil and the negative sub-coil are connected in series by a through hole conductor column inside the positive sub-coil and the negative sub-coil to form a complete middle coil; each positive and negative sub-coil has a positive and negative sub-element side, one is an upper sub-element side, and the other is a lower sub-element side; each pair of upper and lower subelement edges is located in two adjacent "slots"; the grooves are formed by alternately arranging the edges of the sub-elements at the same position in the circumferential direction in the axial direction; the number of "slots" is equal to the number of concentrated coils.
According to the pole number of the permanent magnet in the design of the PCB disc type permanent magnet motor and the slot number of the stator structure, the pole slot matching design with various combinations and adjustability can be realized; the invention is embodied by taking a multi-combination adjustable PCB concentrated winding as a non-limiting example; as shown in fig. 1-12, the detailed structure of the concentrated winding stator of PCB of the present invention includes a stator 7 composed of 12 concentrated coils which are alternately arranged in the axial direction and have the same structure and are uniformly distributed along the circumference; the stator 7 is formed by stacking four layers of PCB printed circuit boards, and is marked with a coil I, a coil II, a coil III, a coil IV,Coil (c), and coil (c)
Figure GDA0002798086990000041
Coil
Figure GDA0002798086990000042
Numbering of a total of 12 coils; as shown in fig. 1, each coil has a positive outlet terminal and a negative outlet terminal, such as two outlet terminals 1+ (positive outlet terminal) and 1- (negative outlet terminal) of coil (r); two outlet terminals 2+ (positive outlet terminal) and 2- (negative outlet terminal) of the coil II; two outlet terminals 3+ (positive outlet terminal) and 3- (negative outlet terminal) of the coil (c); coil
Figure GDA0002798086990000043
Two outlet terminals 11+ (positive outlet terminal) and 11- (negative outlet terminal); coil
Figure GDA0002798086990000044
Two outlet terminals 12+ (positive outlet terminal) and 12- (negative outlet terminal). The positive and negative outlet terminals of each coil can be connected in series and parallel in various combinations according to different combinations of pole slots of the PCB disc type permanent magnet motor, for example, pole slots of various combinations such as 8 poles 12 slots or 10 poles 12 slots are matched and connected; FIG. 2 is a top plan view of FIG. 1, showing the circumferential arrangement of the coils clearly and the outlet terminals of each coil are also uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction; as shown in fig. 3, the three-dimensional structure diagram is obtained by taking out only coils with odd coil numbers on the basis of fig. 1; FIG. 4 is a top plan view on the basis of FIG. 3, the shape of each coil being clearly visible; also, FIG. 5 shows a three-dimensional block diagram of a coil with even coil numbers; fig. 6 is a top plan view based on fig. 5.
In order to clearly show the axial overlapping graph among the coils, four adjacent concentrated coils are taken out, as shown in FIG. 7, namely a coil (i), a coil (ii), a coil (iii) and a coil (iii)
Figure GDA0002798086990000045
FIG. 8 is a top plan view based on FIG. 7; the arrangement of all the coils in the invention can be reflected by the axial overlapping arrangement rule of the four coils, and one coil has at least one positive sub-coil and at least one negative sub-coil, such as 1 coil
Figure GDA0002798086990000046
Positive sub-coil of
Figure GDA0002798086990000047
H is positioned on the layer of the printed circuit L1, the positive sub-coil (H) of the adjacent coil (r) is positioned on the layer of the printed circuit L2, and the coil
Figure GDA0002798086990000048
Negative sub-coil
Figure GDA0002798086990000049
M is positioned on a printed circuit L3 layer, a negative sub-coil M of an adjacent coil I is positioned on a printed circuit L4 layer, another coil II adjacent to the coil I0 is positioned on a printed circuit layer L1 layer, a negative sub-coil M is positioned on a printed circuit L3 layer, another coil III adjacent to the coil II is positioned on a printed circuit layer L2 layer, a positive sub-coil III is positioned on a printed circuit layer L4 layer, and the coil arrangement characteristics of the invention can be obtained by arranging the coil arrangement rules: layers of printed circuits L1 to L4 in the axial direction, in accordance with the coils (1) to (1)
Figure GDA00027980869900000410
The number sequence of the coils is that the coils are axially and sequentially and alternately arranged according to the rules of L1L3 and L2L4, but the axial arrangement rules of the coils are not limited to 1 type, for example, the axial and sequentially and alternately arranged rules of L1L2 and L3L4, the axial and sequentially and alternately arranged rules of L1L4 and L2L3, and the like all belong to the arrangement rules of the invention. Meanwhile, the coils with even numbers are all positioned on the same printed circuit layer, all the coils with odd numbers are also positioned on the same printed circuit layer, but the coils with odd numbers and the coils with even numbers are not positionedOn the same printed circuit layer, this means that the stator structure of the present invention requires at least four printed circuit layers, and since the positive sub-coil or the negative sub-coil of each coil can be added on the basis of the four printed layers of the present invention, the stator structure of the present invention can be made with more layers, and is within the scope of the patent protection of the present invention.
In order to explain the most basic concentrated coil structure and the concept of 'slots' in the stator structure of the patent, the structure of the coil I is independently shown, as shown in FIG. 9, a positive sub-coil I H of the coil I is connected in series with a negative sub-coil I M of the coil I through a through hole conductor post 16 to form a complete concentrated coil; fig. 10 is a top plan view based on fig. 9, in which the upper sub-element side a2 of the positive sub-coil of coil (r) and the upper sub-element side a4 of the negative sub-coil are completely overlapped and combined together to form an "upper element side AA" of coil (r); the lower sub-element side C2 of the positive sub-coil of the coil I and the lower sub-element side C4 of the negative sub-coil are also completely overlapped, and the lower sub-element side C2 and the lower sub-element side C4 of the negative sub-coil are combined together to form a lower element side CC of the coil I; the width of the 'upper element side AA' or the 'lower element side CC' is the width of a 'groove', and the 'groove S1' and the 'groove S2' are mutually symmetrical along the central line T0 of the coil (r); the intersection point of the groove center line T1 of the groove S1 and the groove center line T2 of the groove S2 is located at the circle center O, and the included angle between the center line T1 and the center line T2 is theta; the included angle theta is correspondingly changed according to the difference of the number of the slots in the stator design; each "slot" is evenly distributed along the circumference, and the width of each "slot" is related to the number of turns of each coil, the width of each turn of conducting bar and the insulation gap between each turn of conducting bar; taking the groove S1 as an example, the coil comprises 5 turns of conducting bars (121A, 122A, 123A, 124A and 125A) on the upper element side of the coil, wherein the line width of each turn of conducting bars is the same, the conducting bars are parallel to each other and are symmetrically distributed along a central line T1, and the number of turns and the line width in the groove need to be adjusted correspondingly according to the difference of the motor performance in the design of the PCB disc type permanent magnet motor; the size of the insulation gap between every turn of conducting bars is closely related to the production process technology of the PCB, the insulation grade and the like, and is a relatively flexible and variable parameter in the structural design of the stator; the width of the slot S1 is the sum of the line width of 5 turns of conducting bars on the upper element side of the coil and 4 insulation gaps between the 5 turns of conducting bars; according to different pole slot matching and performance requirements in the design of the PCB disc type permanent magnet motor, the number of slots, the number of coils, the number of turns of each coil, the width of each turn of conducting bars, the insulation gap between each turn of conducting bars and the like of the stator structure can be modified or changed, and all the modifications and adjustments are within the protection scope of the invention.
FIGS. 11 and 12 are plan views of the coil (r) with the positive sub-coil (H) and the negative sub-coil (M) broken away from each other on the basis of FIG. 10, the winding directions of the coils being marked in the drawings; from the positive outgoing line terminal 1+ of the positive sub-coil (r H) in fig. 11 as a starting point, the winding direction of the coil indicated in fig. 11 sequentially passes through the end lead conductor 120, the first turn conductor: slot conductor 121A, inner end connecting conductor 121B, slot conductor 121C, outer end connecting conductor 121D, second turn conductor: slot conductor 122A, inner end connecting conductor 122B, slot conductor 122C, outer end connecting conductor 122D, third turn conductor: slot conductor 123A, inner end connecting conductor 123B, slot conductor 123C, outer end connecting conductor 123D, fourth turn conductor: slot conductor 124A, inner end connecting conductor 124B, slot conductor 124C, outer end connecting conductor 124D, fifth turn conductor: a slot conductor 125A, an inner end connection conductor 125B, a slot conductor 125C, and an outer end connection conductor 125D, reaching a connection point 126; the positive sub-coil connection point 126 is then connected in series with the negative sub-coil connection point 146 by the through-hole conductor post 16, and then wound in the direction indicated in fig. 12 starting from the connection point 146 of the negative sub-coil (r M) in fig. 12, passing through the fifth turn of conductor in turn: slot conductor 145A, inner end connection conductor 145B, slot conductor 145C, outer end connection conductor 145D, fourth turn conductor: slot conductor 144A, inner end connection conductor 144B, slot conductor 144C, outer end connection conductor 144D, third turn conductor: slot conductor 143A, inner end connecting conductor 143B, slot conductor 143C, outer end connecting conductor 143D, second turn conductor: slot conductor 142A, inner end connecting conductor 142B, slot conductor 142C, outer end connecting conductor 142D, first turn conductor: the slot conductor 141A, the inner end connecting conductor 141B, the slot conductor 141C, the end lead conductor 140, and finally the negative outlet terminal 1-are connected to form a complete coil;
in conclusion, the stator structure of the multi-combination adjustable PCB concentrated winding can be applied to a PCB disc type permanent magnet motor; the invention integrates the concept of 'slot' into the design of the PCB stator winding, solves the problem of 'slot' which is difficult to determine in the PCB stator winding, and further solves the problem of pole slot matching in the design of the PCB disc type permanent magnet motor; meanwhile, a pair of positive and negative binding posts is reserved for each coil in the PCB stator winding, so that the purpose is to realize the cooperation of multiple combined adjustable pole slots by only using one set of PCB stator winding, and a certain auxiliary effect is played on the design of the PCB disc type permanent magnet motor; the invention solves some problems in the design of the PCB disc type permanent magnet motor, and has higher utilization value and use significance.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. The foregoing description of the specific embodiments is intended to describe and illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and the above specific embodiments are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many changes and modifications to the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (4)

1. A stator structure of a multi-combination adjustable PCB concentrated winding is applied to a PCB disc type permanent magnet motor and is characterized in that the stator structure is formed by stacking at least three concentrated coils and at least four printed circuit layers; each concentrated coil consists of at least one positive sub-coil, at least one negative sub-coil and a through hole conductor column, the positive sub-coil and the negative sub-coil are respectively positioned in two different printed circuit layers, the positive sub-coil is connected with a positive outgoing line terminal of the concentrated coil, the negative sub-coil is connected with a negative outgoing line terminal of the concentrated coil, and finally the positive sub-coil and the negative sub-coil are connected in series through the through hole conductor column to form a complete concentrated coil;
the positive sub-coil comprises a positive sub-coil upper element side and a positive sub-coil lower element side, the negative sub-coil comprises a negative sub-coil upper element side and a negative sub-coil lower element side, the positive sub-coil upper element side and the negative sub-coil upper element side jointly form an upper element side of the concentrated coil, the positive sub-coil lower element side and the negative sub-coil lower element side jointly form a lower element side of the concentrated coil, and the upper element side or the lower element side at least occupies two printed circuit layers;
the upper element side of each concentrated coil and the lower element side of the adjacent concentrated coil jointly form a slot, the upper element side and the lower element side in each slot are completely superposed in the circumferential position and are alternately arranged in the axial position, so that the stator structure is formed by stacking at least four printed circuit layers; and the positive and negative outlet terminals of each concentrated coil are matched with the pole number of the PCB disc type permanent magnet motor and are connected in series and parallel in a combined manner so as to realize the pole slot matching with various combinations and adjustability.
2. The stator structure of multi-combination adjustable type PCB concentrated winding according to claim 1, wherein the upper element side and the lower element side of each concentrated coil are parallel to the central line of the slot formed by the concentrated coil and are symmetrically distributed relative to the central line of the concentrated coil.
3. The stator structure of multi-combination adjustable PCB concentrated winding according to claim 1, wherein each concentrated coil is sequentially labeled with arabic numerals on the circumference, all concentrated coils labeled with even numbers are located on the same printed circuit layer, all concentrated coils labeled with odd numbers are located on the same printed circuit layer, and the concentrated coils labeled with odd numbers and the concentrated coils labeled with even numbers are located on different printed circuit layers.
4. The stator structure of the multiple-combination adjustable PCB concentrated winding of claim 1, wherein the stator structure is applied to at least three-phase winding.
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US11777354B2 (en) 2019-11-11 2023-10-03 Infinitum Electric, Inc. Axial field rotary energy device having PCB stator with non-linear traces

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