CN109995078B - Photovoltaic grid-connected electromechanical transient simulation device - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention provides a photovoltaic grid-connected electromechanical transient simulation device, which comprises: the system comprises a phase-locked loop, a coordinate system transformation module and an MPPT module, wherein the output end of the coordinate system transformation module is connected with the input end of the phase-locked loop, and the output end of the phase-locked loop is connected with the input end of the MPPT module; the coordinate system transformation module is used for inputting a voltage q-axis component to the phase-locked loop; the phase-locked loop is used for outputting an included angle between a q axis and an x axis after proportional-integral processing and amplitude limiting processing are carried out on a q axis component of the voltage; the MPPT module is used for taking the included angle as a phase angle of an inversion control link. According to the embodiment of the invention, after proportional integral processing and amplitude limiting processing are carried out on the q-axis component of the voltage, an included angle between the q-axis and the x-axis is output, and the included angle is used as a phase angle of an inversion control link. The phase-locked loop is based on the electromechanical transient time scale, so that the phase-locked loop can be added into a photovoltaic grid-connected electromechanical transient simulation model, and the waveform of the photovoltaic generator electromechanical transient model can be analyzed in detail.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the field of transient simulation, in particular to a photovoltaic grid-connected electromechanical transient simulation device.
Background
Due to human activities, the world is facing energy crisis and the problem of damaging living environment. Photovoltaic power generation, as a clean and green renewable energy utilization mode, can play an important role in relieving energy crisis and preventing environmental damage. The photovoltaic grid-connected technology becomes the core and key for effectively utilizing solar energy to generate electricity. However, a large amount of photovoltaic with low inertia will have a serious influence on the stability of the power grid after grid connection, and therefore, a transient model of the photovoltaic needs to be researched for stability analysis of the power grid. In the prior art, a mode of function calculation is generally used for phase locking of voltage, but the phase locking mode cannot research electromechanical transient effects of photovoltaic power generation. The existing phase-locked loop is based on electromagnetic transient simulation, and the electromechanical transient time scale is far larger than the electromagnetic transient, so that the electromechanical transient effect of photovoltaic power generation cannot be researched by the existing phase-locked loop.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, embodiments of the present invention provide a photovoltaic grid-connected electromechanical transient simulation apparatus that overcomes or at least partially solves the above problems.
The embodiment of the invention provides a photovoltaic grid-connected electromechanical transient simulation device, which comprises: the system comprises a phase-locked loop, a coordinate system transformation module and an MPPT module, wherein the output end of the coordinate system transformation module is connected with the input end of the phase-locked loop, and the output end of the phase-locked loop is connected with the input end of the MPPT module; the coordinate system transformation module is used for inputting a voltage q-axis component to the phase-locked loop; the phase-locked loop is used for outputting an included angle between a q axis and an x axis after proportional-integral processing and amplitude limiting processing are carried out on a q axis component of the voltage; the MPPT module is used for taking the included angle as a phase angle of an inversion control link.
According to the photovoltaic grid-connected electromechanical transient simulation device provided by the embodiment of the invention, the q-axis component of the voltage is subjected to proportional-integral processing and amplitude limiting processing, so that the included angle between the q-axis and the x-axis is output and is used as the phase angle of an inversion control link. The phase-locked loop is based on the electromechanical transient time scale, so that the phase-locked loop can be added into a photovoltaic grid-connected electromechanical transient simulation model, the waveform of the detailed photovoltaic generator electromechanical transient model can be analyzed by phase-locking the phase-locked loop through the phase-locked loop, and the photovoltaic generator electromechanical transient effect can be better researched.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from these without inventive effort.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic grid-connected electromechanical transient simulation device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic grid-connected electromechanical transient simulation device according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of electromechanical internal processing of a phase-locked loop according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments, but not all embodiments, of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Because the phase-locked loop based on electromagnetic transient simulation in the prior art cannot study the electromechanical transient of the photovoltaic power generation, the influence of the phase-locked loop on an electromechanical transient model is not negligible. Based on this, the embodiment of the invention provides a photovoltaic grid-connected electromechanical transient simulation device. Referring to fig. 1, the apparatus includes: the system comprises a phase-locked loop 102, a coordinate system transformation module 101 and an MPPT module 103, wherein the output end of the coordinate system transformation module 101 is connected with the input end of the phase-locked loop 102, and the output end of the phase-locked loop 102 is connected with the input end of the MPPT module 103; the coordinate system transformation module 101 is used for inputting a q-axis component of a voltage to the phase-locked loop 102; the phase-locked loop 102 is used for outputting an included angle between a q axis and an x axis after proportional-integral processing and amplitude limiting processing are carried out on a q axis component of the voltage; the MPPT module 103 is configured to use the included angle as a phase angle of an inversion control link.
The coordinate system transformation module 101 transforms the coordinate system of the voltage, and at least a q-axis component of the voltage can be obtained after the transformation, and the specific coordinate transformation manner of the coordinate system transformation module 101 is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 2, the coordinate system transformation module 101 inputs the voltage q-axis component obtained after transformation to the phase locked loop 102. In the electromechanical transient model, since all the vectors are fundamental vectors, q-component of the grid voltage cannot be generated in the phase-locked loop 102 through park transformation as a reference, but an imaginary part of the grid voltage should be used as a variable to be tracked, and the variable is used as a reference of the phase-locked loop. Therefore, in the phase-locked loop 102, after the imaginary part of the voltage passes through a proportional-integral (PI) link and a limiting link, an included angle δ between the q axis and the x axis is output and is used as a phase angle of an inversion control link. The MPPT module 103 can detect the generated voltage of the solar panel in real time, and track the maximum voltage current Value (VI), so that the system charges the storage battery with the maximum power output. The inverter control is a function that the MPPT module 103 can realize.
According to the photovoltaic grid-connected electromechanical transient simulation device provided by the embodiment of the invention, the q-axis component of the voltage is subjected to proportional-integral processing and amplitude limiting processing, so that the included angle between the q-axis and the x-axis is output and is used as the phase angle of an inversion control link. The phase-locked loop is based on the electromechanical transient time scale, so that the phase-locked loop can be added into a photovoltaic grid-connected electromechanical transient simulation model, the waveform of the detailed photovoltaic generator electromechanical transient model can be analyzed by phase-locking the phase-locked loop through the phase-locked loop, and the photovoltaic generator electromechanical transient effect can be better researched.
Referring to fig. 3, based on the content of the foregoing embodiment, as an alternative embodiment, the phase-locked loop 102 includes: the device comprises a proportional unit, a first integration unit, a summation unit, a limiting unit and a second integration unit; the output end of the proportional unit is respectively connected with the input ends of the first integral unit and the summing unit; the output end of the first integration unit is connected with the input end of the summing unit, the output end of the summing unit is connected with the input end of the amplitude limiting unit, and the output end of the amplitude limiting unit is connected with the input end of the second integration unit.
The proportional unit is used for processing the received q-axis component of the voltage, and the proportional link results obtained after processing are respectively input to the first integrating unit and the summing unit. In particular, the proportional unit may correspond to that in fig. 3
Frame, wherein KpllIs the integral gain of the PLL (i.e., phase locked loop 102), which may take 30; omega0Is the base angular velocity of the system, 2 pi f.
The first integration unit is used for processing the proportional element result and inputting the processed integral element result into the summation unit; in particular, the first integration unit may correspond to that in fig. 3
Wherein, KpllIs the integral gain of the PLL (i.e., phase locked loop 102), which may take the value 0; s represents a pair KpllIntegration is performed.
The summing unit is used for summing the proportional link result and the integral link result, and inputting the processed summing link result into the amplitude limiting unit. In particular, the summing unit corresponds to the sigma block in fig. 3.
The amplitude limiting unit is used for carrying out amplitude limiting processing on the result of the summing link and inputting the processed amplitude limiting result into the second integrating unit. Specifically, the clipping unit corresponds to P in fig. 3max-PmaxAnd limiting the result of the summation step in a certain amplitude range.
The second integration unit is configured to process an amplitude limiting result, and input an included angle obtained after the processing to the MPPT module 103. In particular, the second integration unit corresponds to that in fig. 3
The result output by the second integration unit is the included angle delta between the q axis and the x axis.
Based on the content of the foregoing embodiment, as an alternative embodiment, the apparatus further includes: a fixed reactive module 104; the input end of the coordinate system transformation module 101 is connected with the output end of the alternating current system, and the input end of the fixed reactive power module 104 is connected with the output end of the coordinate system transformation module 101 and the output end of the phase-locked loop; the coordinate system transformation module 101 is further configured to convert the received real and imaginary voltage components of the ac system output into d-axis voltage components and q-axis voltage components, and input the d-axis voltage components to the fixed and reactive power module 104 and the q-axis voltage components to the MPPT module 103. Specifically, the coordinate system transformation module 101 obtains the real part and the imaginary part of the grid voltage (i.e., the above-mentioned voltage real part and voltage imaginary part) from the grid side, and converts the real part and the imaginary part into dq-axis components (i.e., a voltage d-axis component and a voltage q-axis component).
Based on the contents of the above embodiments, as an alternative embodiment, the coordinate system transformation module 101 performs transformation by the following formula:
in the formula of UxIs the real part of the voltage, UyIs the imaginary part of the voltage, UdAs a d-axis component of the voltage, UqAnd delta is the included angle between the q axis and the x axis of the rectangular coordinate system.
Based on the content of the above embodiment, as an optional embodiment, the output end of the fixed reactive module 104 is connected to the input end of the alternating current system; the output end of the MPPT module 103 is connected with the input end of the alternating current system; the fixed reactive power module 104 is used for generating a control current q-axis component according to the voltage d-axis component, converting the control current q-axis component into a real part of the grid current, and returning the real part of the grid current to the alternating current system; the MPPT module 103 is configured to generate a control current d-axis component according to the voltage q-axis component, convert the control current d-axis component into an imaginary part of the grid current, and return the imaginary part of the grid current to the ac system.
Specifically, the MPPT module 103 and the fixed-reactive module 104 firstly convert the current, and the conversion process includes two aspects: on the one hand, a q-axis component of the control current is generated and on the other hand a d-axis component of the control current is generated.
As an alternative embodiment, for the first aspect, the fixed reactive module 104 obtains the q-axis component of the control current by the following formula:
iq＝duac
in the formula iqFor controlling the q-axis component of the current, duacIs the difference between the actual voltage and the steady state voltage.
In view of the above second aspect, as an optional embodiment, the d-axis component of the control current is a current corresponding to the maximum power. Specifically, the MPPT module 103 is configured to implement active power control, specifically, the active power control may be implemented by photovoltaic maximum power tracking, and a current corresponding to the maximum power is the control current d-axis component id。
Based on the content of the foregoing embodiment, as an alternative embodiment, the MPPT module 103 obtains the d-axis component of the control current by a hill-climbing search method. Specifically, the maximum power tracking in the embodiment of the present invention may adopt a hill-climbing method or a hill-climbing search method, where the hill-climbing search method is to apply a hill-climbing algorithm in the MPPT algorithm. The hill climbing algorithm is a method for solving a local optimal solution, and the working principle of the hill climbing algorithm is to compare the current power value with the power value of the next node. If the current power is maximum, the output voltage remains unchanged as a maximum value; and otherwise, the current voltage is corrected by using the voltage value of a relatively high power point or the voltage variation with a certain step length, so that the purpose of climbing to a point with larger output power is realized. And circulating the steps until the maximum MPPT is reached.
Because the hill-climbing search method is essentially to solve the local optimum solution, the maximum power point can not be reached when a multi-peak model is encountered, and therefore, a simulated annealing algorithm generated by optimization based on the hill-climbing search method is provided, the simulated annealing algorithm is likely to move to a smaller direction in the process of searching the maximum value, and therefore, the simulated annealing algorithm has the probability of escaping from the current extreme point. After moving for many times, the true optimal solution is solved with probability. Consider a photovoltaic array simulation program in an embodiment of the present inventionThe input characteristic of the photovoltaic cell is ideal and is a single-peak value model, so that the photovoltaic cell is constructed by adopting a hill climbing search method. In the hill climbing search method, the MPPT module 103 first samples the output voltage and current of the photovoltaic array, performs multiplication to obtain power, and compares the power with the power value at the previous time. At this time, the MPPT module 103 may specifically distinguish whether the voltage is increased or decreased by a sign function, and correct the output voltage by a preset step size vrefStep, and the embodiment of the present invention does not limit a specific distinguishing manner and a specific correction manner. The corresponding current under the maximum power is the d-axis control current id。
After the MPPT module 103 and the fixed-reactive module 104 obtain the d-axis component and the q-axis component of the control current, the d-axis component and the q-axis component of the control current can be converted into a real part and an imaginary part of the grid current through an electromechanical transient model interface of the photovoltaic power grid and the grid, and the real part of the grid current and the imaginary part of the grid current are returned to the alternating current system.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A photovoltaic grid-connected electromechanical transient state simulation device is characterized by comprising: the system comprises a phase-locked loop, a coordinate system transformation module, an MPPT module and a fixed reactive power module, wherein the output end of the coordinate system transformation module is connected with the input end of the phase-locked loop, and the output end of the phase-locked loop is connected with the input end of the MPPT module; the input end of the coordinate system transformation module is connected with the output end of the alternating current system, and the input end of the fixed reactive power module is connected with the output end of the coordinate system transformation module and the output end of the phase-locked loop;
the coordinate system transformation module is used for inputting a voltage q-axis component to the phase-locked loop;
the phase-locked loop is used for outputting an included angle between a q axis and an x axis after proportional-integral processing and amplitude limiting processing are carried out on the q axis component of the voltage;
the MPPT module is used for taking the included angle as a phase angle of an inversion control link;
the coordinate system transformation module is further used for converting the received voltage real part and voltage imaginary part output by the alternating current system into a voltage d-axis component and a voltage q-axis component, and inputting the voltage d-axis component to the fixed reactive module and the voltage q-axis component to the MPPT module.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the phase locked loop comprises: the device comprises a proportional unit, a first integration unit, a summation unit, a limiting unit and a second integration unit;
the output end of the proportional unit is respectively connected with the input ends of the first integral unit and the summing unit; the output end of the first integration unit is connected with the input end of the summation unit, the output end of the summation unit is connected with the input end of the amplitude limiting unit, and the output end of the amplitude limiting unit is connected with the input end of the second integration unit;
the proportion unit is used for processing the received q-axis component of the voltage and respectively inputting proportion link results obtained after processing to the first integration unit and the summation unit;
the first integration unit is used for processing the proportional link result and inputting the processed integral link result into the summation unit;
the summation unit is used for carrying out summation processing on the proportional link result and the integral link result, and inputting the summation link result obtained after the summation processing to the amplitude limiting unit;
the amplitude limiting unit is used for carrying out amplitude limiting processing on the result of the summation link and inputting the processed amplitude limiting result into the second integration unit;
and the second integration unit is used for processing the amplitude limiting result and inputting the included angle obtained after processing to the MPPT module.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the coordinate system transformation module transforms by the following formula:
in the formula of UxIs the real part of the voltage, UyIs the imaginary part of the voltage, UdAs a d-axis component of the voltage, UqAnd delta is the included angle between the q axis and the x axis of the rectangular coordinate system.
4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the output terminal of the constant-reactive module is connected with the input terminal of the alternating current system; the output end of the MPPT module is connected with the input end of the alternating current system;
the fixed reactive power module is used for generating a control current q-axis component according to the voltage d-axis component, converting the control current q-axis component into a real part of the power grid current, and returning the real part of the power grid current to the alternating current system;
the MPPT module is used for generating a control current d-axis component according to the voltage q-axis component, converting the control current d-axis component into an imaginary part of the power grid current, and returning the imaginary part of the power grid current to the alternating current system.
5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the reactive-power module obtains the q-axis component of the control current by the following equation:
iq＝duac
in the formula iqFor controlling the q-axis component of the current, duacIs the difference between the actual voltage and the steady state voltage.
6. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the d-axis component of the control current is a corresponding current at maximum power.
7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the MPPT module obtains the d-axis component of the control current by a hill-climbing search method.
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