CN109994732A - The application of phenols lithium salt compound, lithium ion secondary battery and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
The application of phenols lithium salt compound, lithium ion secondary battery and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109994732A CN109994732A CN201910300809.9A CN201910300809A CN109994732A CN 109994732 A CN109994732 A CN 109994732A CN 201910300809 A CN201910300809 A CN 201910300809A CN 109994732 A CN109994732 A CN 109994732A
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- lithium
- phenols
- salt compound
- lithium salt
- ion secondary
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- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- -1 phenols lithium salt compound Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- LLEMOWNGBBNAJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N biphenyl-2-ol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 LLEMOWNGBBNAJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940061334 2-phenylphenol Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- SJTBRFHBXDZMPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-fluorophenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(F)=C1 SJTBRFHBXDZMPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- RTZZCYNQPHTPPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrophenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 RTZZCYNQPHTPPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012280 lithium aluminium hydride Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000103 lithium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000010292 orthophenyl phenol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- ABHOEQJNEOMTEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-dihydroxybenzonitrile Chemical compound OC1=CC(O)=CC(C#N)=C1 ABHOEQJNEOMTEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- UOLPZAPIFFZLMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromobenzene-1,3-diol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1Br UOLPZAPIFFZLMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052493 LiFePO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- KFDQGLPGKXUTMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mn].[Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Mn].[Co].[Ni] KFDQGLPGKXUTMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N catechol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1O YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N resorcinol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- VADKRMSMGWJZCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromophenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1Br VADKRMSMGWJZCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ISPYQTSUDJAMAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chlorophenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1Cl ISPYQTSUDJAMAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IQUPABOKLQSFBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-nitrophenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O IQUPABOKLQSFBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MNOJRWOWILAHAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-bromophenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1 MNOJRWOWILAHAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HORNXRXVQWOLPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chlorophenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1 HORNXRXVQWOLPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DXOSJQLIRGXWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-fluorocatechol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(F)=C1O DXOSJQLIRGXWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WXNZTHHGJRFXKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-chlorophenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 WXNZTHHGJRFXKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RHMPLDJJXGPMEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluorophenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(F)C=C1 RHMPLDJJXGPMEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BTJIUGUIPKRLHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-nitrophenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 BTJIUGUIPKRLHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910011328 LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940106691 bisphenol a Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940090668 parachlorophenol Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- XHPDHXXZBWDFIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydroxybenzonitrile Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(C#N)=C1O XHPDHXXZBWDFIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- CHZCERSEMVWNHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxybenzonitrile Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C#N CHZCERSEMVWNHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- GZFGOTFRPZRKDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-bromophenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(Br)C=C1 GZFGOTFRPZRKDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- SUAKHGWARZSWIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N‐diethylformamide Chemical compound CCN(CC)C=O SUAKHGWARZSWIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- BGNXCDMCOKJUMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butylhydroquinone Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(O)=CC=C1O BGNXCDMCOKJUMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- UOUIWZKXESWTNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorobenzene phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1.FC1=CC=CC=C1 UOUIWZKXESWTNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229960004337 hydroquinone Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004250 tert-Butylhydroquinone Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019281 tert-butylhydroquinone Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 description 5
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000004053 quinones Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- JJJKESCGISHSTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C1=CC=CC=C1)#N.[Li] Chemical compound C(C1=CC=CC=C1)#N.[Li] JJJKESCGISHSTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910010710 LiFePO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1=CC=CC=C1 JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- PDZGAEAUKGKKDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;naphthalene Chemical compound [Li].C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 PDZGAEAUKGKKDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QARVLSVVCXYDNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromobenzene Chemical compound BrC1=CC=CC=C1 QARVLSVVCXYDNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009831 deintercalation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- HFHFGHLXUCOHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-fluorophenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1F HFHFGHLXUCOHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NUWHYWYSMAPBHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4-dihydroxybenzonitrile Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(C#N)C=C1O NUWHYWYSMAPBHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001290 LiPF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012970 LiV3O8 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- RFXSFVVPCLGHAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene;phenol Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1.OC1=CC=CC=C1.OC1=CC=CC=C1 RFXSFVVPCLGHAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006138 lithiation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- WAVGXIXQMBSEMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;phenol Chemical class [Li].OC1=CC=CC=C1 WAVGXIXQMBSEMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/60—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of organic compounds
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of applications of phenols lithium salt compound, lithium ion secondary battery and preparation method thereof.The application is application of the phenols lithium salt compound as prelithiation reagent in the pre- lithium method of lithium ion secondary battery, and the structural formula of the phenols lithium salt compound is Ar-O‑·Li+.Phenols lithium salt compound is applied in the pre- lithium method of lithium ion secondary battery in the present invention, battery energy density and cycle life can be effectively promoted, and method is simple and reliable, can be realized on the basis of existing mass production process.Coulombic efficiency capacity retention ratio after 94.3% or more, circulation 100 weeks is 97.8% or more to the lithium ion secondary battery that the present invention is prepared for the first time.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of applications of phenols lithium salt compound, lithium ion secondary battery and preparation method thereof.
Background technique
With the fast development of electronic product, high-energy, high power density lithium ion battery demand increase year by year, non-stone
Inkization carbon material, oxide material and composite material etc. are concerned because of high power or high capacity.However, such material exists not
Reversible capacity is high, and the low serious problems of coulombic efficiency, are easy to cause capacity of lithium ion battery to be decreased obviously for the first time.Currently, in order to
Solving the problems, such as lithium ion battery negative material, coulombic efficiency is low for the first time, generally uses chemical reduction method, artificial SEI film (solid
Electrolyte interface film) method and electrochemistry prelithiation method, wherein electrochemistry prelithiation method is a kind of most direct solution lithium-ion electric
The method of the low problem of coulombic efficiency for the first time of pond negative electrode material.
Prelithiation method improves the principle of graphite cathode battery coulombic efficiency for the first time are as follows: in graphite cathode Surface Creation SEI
It is period, additional to supplement lithium ion to offset the active lithium-ion of SEI consumption positive electrode.
Currently, there are mainly two types of embodiments for prelithiation technology: one is lithium powder is added in negative terminal surface；Second is that by cathode
Piece carries out electrochemistry lithiumation or chemical lithiumation processing.Also there is related report in the prior art, for example, the not scientific and technological share in Tianjin bar has
House journal CN 104538591A is limited, by coating in metallic lithium surface or superscribing lithium ion barrier layer and/or lead to connection
The method that body carries out resistance value control carries out pre- lithium processing to negative electrode tab；Further for example, the limited public affairs of Hefei state pavilion high-tech power source
Patent application CN 107464919A is taken charge of, prelithiation is carried out to negative electrode tab using electrochemical process.
However, there is the problems such as complex process/environmental requirement is harsh in the prelithiation method of above-mentioned patent disclosure.Wherein,
Lithium powder activity is stronger, needs to carry out polymer overmold or strictly controlled environment temperature and atmosphere, and input cost is high；To negative electrode tab
It carries out electrochemistry lithiumation or chemically treated technological means needs additional lithiation techniques technique, and the pole piece activity after lithiumation
By force, production process control requires harsh.
Therefore it provides a kind of mild pre- lithium method of lithium ion secondary battery of simple process, preparation condition be this field urgently
Problem to be solved.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by the present invention lies in overcome lithium ion secondary battery prelithiation method work in the prior art
Skill difficulty is big, prepares the defect of environmental requirement harshness, and provides a kind of application of phenols lithium salt compound, lithium ion secondary electricity
Pond and preparation method thereof.Phenols lithium salt compound is applied in lithium ion secondary battery prelithiation in the present invention, can effectively be mentioned
Battery energy density and cycle life are risen, and method is simple and reliable, can be realized on the basis of existing mass production process.This
Inventing the lithium ion secondary battery being prepared, coulombic efficiency capacity retention ratio after 94.3% or more, circulation 100 weeks is for the first time
97.8% or more.
Inventors have found that the big reason of existing prelithiation method and process difficulty essentially consists in prelithiation reagent, it is existing
Prelithiation reagent or reactivity are too strong, such as lithium powder, need the humidity of strict control operating environment, increase lithium-ion electric
The production cost in pond；The time for discharging lithium ion is difficult to control, and lithiumation electric current is excessive or too small, easily leads to electrode material
Cycle performance decline；It is readily incorporated impurity after release lithium ion, and then weakens battery performance.
The above problem is effectively overcomed, first, phenol as prelithiation reagent using phenols lithium salt compound in the present invention
Class lithium salt compound can release lithium ion under conditions of voltage range 2-5V in battery initial charge to make up sei
The active lithium that (solid electrolyte interface film) consumes when generating；Second, phenols lithium salt compound is after lithium ion release, phenates is negative
Ion is oxidized to neutral quinones under high potential (current potential for generally referring to 2-5V), no longer receives lithium ion, and
The quinones of generation is free of toxic effects to battery.
The present invention provides a kind of phenols lithium salt compound as prelithiation reagent in the pre- lithium method of lithium ion secondary battery
In application, the structural formula of the phenols lithium salt compound is Ar-O-·Li+。
In the present invention, the prelithiation reagent is generally referred in lithium ion secondary battery charge and discharge process with non-deintercalation side
The reagent of formula offer lithium ion.The prelithiation reagent can retain the lithium ion of positive deintercalation to the greatest extent, and improve complete
Battery capacity.
In the present invention, it is preferable that the pre- lithium method of lithium ion secondary battery includes the following steps: positive electrode active materials
It is mixed with the phenols lithium salt compound, slurrying；
Wherein, the positive electrode active materials generally refer to can charging when, abjection lithium ion lattice material, preferably
LiFePO 4 material (such as LiFePO4) and/or nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary material (such as LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2)。
Wherein, the weight ratio of the positive electrode active materials and the phenols lithium salt compound is preferably (90-96): (2-8),
Such as 95:3,90:6,96:2 or 90:8.
When the positive electrode active materials are LiFePO 4 material, the positive active material and the phenols lithium salts chemical combination
The weight ratio of object is preferably (95-96): (2-3), such as 95:3 or 96:2.
When the positive electrode active materials are nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary material, the positive active material and the phenols lithium salts
The weight ratio for closing object is preferably 90:(6-8), such as 90:6 or 90:8.
Wherein, it may also include conductive agent and/or binder in the raw material of the slurrying.
The conductive agent can be the conductive agent that can be applied to lithium battery of this field routine, such as carbon black (SP).
The weight ratio of the conductive agent and the phenols lithium salt compound is preferably 1:(2-8), such as 1:6,1:2 or 1:8.
The binder can be the binder that can be applied to lithium battery of this field routine, such as polyvinylidene fluoride
(PVDF)。
The weight ratio of the binder and the phenols lithium salt compound is preferably 1:(2-8), such as 1:2 or 1:8.
Preferably, the weight of the positive electrode active materials, the conductive agent, the binder and the phenols lithium salt compound
Measure the ratio between number are as follows: (90-96): (0.5-3): (1-3): (2-8), such as the 90-96 parts of positive electrode active materials, 0.5-3 parts
The conductive agent, the 1-3 parts of binders and the 2-8 parts of phenols lithium salt compounds.
Wherein, the slurrying generally carries out in a solvent.The solvent can be the solvent of this field routine, preferably first
Alcohol, ethyl alcohol, acetonitrile, acetone, dimethylformamide, N, one of N- diethylformamide and N-Methyl pyrrolidone or more
Kind, such as N-Methyl pyrrolidone.
Wherein, the slurrying can carry out in an inert atmosphere, such as argon atmosphere.
Wherein, after the slurrying, it can be also coated processing by this field routine operation, be dried to get positive plate.
In the present invention, the phenols lithium salt compound can be the phenols lithium salt compound of this field routine, generally refer to
The compound that hydrogen in the phenolic hydroxyl group (- OH) of phenolic compound is formed replaced lithium ion.
In the present invention, the Ar can be substituted or unsubstituted aryl.
When the Ar is substituted, the substituent group can be H ,-OH ,-F ,-Cl ,-Br ,-NO2、-CN、-t-Bu、
In the present invention, the phenols lithium salt compound is preferably phenols lithium salt compound shown in formula I:
Wherein, R1、R2、R3、R4And R5It is each independently H ,-OH ,-F ,-Cl ,-Br ,-NO2、-CN、-t-Bu、
Wherein, the R1Preferably H ,-OH ,-F ,-Cl ,-Br ,-NO2,-CN ,-t-Bu or
Wherein, the R2Preferably H ,-OH ,-F ,-Cl ,-Br ,-NO2,-CN or-t-Bu.
Wherein, the R3Preferably H ,-OH ,-F ,-Cl ,-Br ,-NO2,-CN or
Wherein, the R4Preferably H ,-OH ,-F ,-Cl ,-Br ,-NO2,-CN or-t-Bu.
Wherein, the R5Preferably H ,-OH ,-F ,-Cl ,-Br ,-NO2,-CN ,-t-Bu or
Wherein, the phenols lithium salt compound shown in formula I is preferably
In
It is one or more, more preferablyWithOne of or it is a variety of, such as
When the phenols lithium salt compound shown in formula I isWhen, the positive electrode active materials
Weight ratio with the phenols lithium salt compound shown in formula I is preferably 95:3.
When the phenols lithium salt compound shown in formula I isWhen, the positive electrode active materials
Weight ratio with the phenols lithium salt compound shown in formula I is preferably 90:8.
When the phenols lithium salt compound shown in formula I isWhen, the anode is living
The weight ratio of property material and the phenols lithium salt compound shown in formula I is preferably 90:6.
When the phenols lithium salt compound shown in formula I isWhen, the positive-active
The weight ratio of material and the phenols lithium salt compound shown in formula I is preferably 96:2.
In the present invention, the phenols lithium salt compound can by the method for this field routine be made, be generally possible to so that
The condition that lithium ion replaces the hydrogen in the phenolic hydroxyl group (- OH) of phenolic compound.
Wherein, the phenols lithium salt compound shown in formula I can be made by the method for this field routine, preferably:
In a solvent, by the phenolic compound as shown in Formula II and alkaline, lithium reactant salt to get the phenols lithium salts shown in formula I
Compound；
Wherein, R1、R2、R3、R4And R5It is defined as described above.
The phenolic compound as shown in Formula II is preferably phenol, hydroquinone, resorcinol, catechol, 2-
Fluorophenol, 3- fluorophenol, p-fluorophenol, 2- chlorophenol, 3- chlorophenol, parachlorophenol, 2- bromophenol, 3- bromophenol, to bromobenzene
The bromo- 1,3- benzenediol of phenol, 2- nitrophenol, 3- nitrophenol, p-nitrophenol, 4-, 3- fluoro pyrocatechol, o-hydroxy first
The bromo- 1,3- benzenediol of nitrile, 3,4- dihydroxybenzonitrile, 3,5- dihydroxybenzonitrile, 2-, 2,6- chlorophenesic acid, tert-butyl are to benzene
Diphenol, 2- phenylphenol, bisphenol-A and 3, one of 5- chlorophenesic acid or a variety of, more preferably 3- fluorophenol, 3,5- dihydroxy
One of benzonitrile, 2- phenylphenol and 3- nitrophenol are a variety of, such as 3- fluorophenol, 3,5- dihydroxybenzonitrile, 2-
Phenylphenol or 3- nitrophenol.
The alkaline lithium salts can be this field routine alkaline lithium salts, preferably lithium hydroxide, lithium carbonate, lithium hydride,
One of lithium aluminium hydride reduction is a variety of, more preferably lithium hydride, lithium hydroxide, lithium carbonate or lithium aluminium hydride reduction.
In the preparation method of the phenols lithium salt compound shown in formula I, the solvent can be the molten of this field routine
Agent, preferably methanol, ethyl alcohol, acetonitrile, acetone, dimethylformamide and N, one of N- diethylformamide or a variety of, more
Preferably one of acetonitrile, ethyl alcohol, dimethylformamide and acetone or a variety of, for example, acetonitrile, ethyl alcohol, dimethylformamide or
Acetone.
In the preparation method of the phenols lithium salt compound shown in formula I, the temperature of the reaction is preferably 70-120
DEG C, such as 70 DEG C, 80 DEG C, 100 DEG C or 120 DEG C.
In the preparation method of the phenols lithium salt compound shown in formula I, the time of the reaction is preferably 10-20h,
Such as 10h, 16h or 20h.
In the preparation method of the phenols lithium salt compound shown in formula I, the reaction generally should be in dry environment
Lower progress.
In the preparation method of the phenols lithium salt compound shown in formula I, the reaction can carry out in an inert atmosphere
It can also be carried out in conventional environment.
In the preparation method of the phenols lithium salt compound shown in formula I, phenols lithium salt compound yield is up to 89%
More than, and the preparation method reduces production cost to environment is prepared without particular/special requirement, improves the feasible of industrialized production
Property.
Preferably, 3- fluorophenol and lithium hydride are reacted to 10h under the conditions of 80 DEG C to get 3- fluorobenzene oxygen lithium.
Preferably, 3,5- dihydroxybenzonitrile and lithium hydroxide are reacted to 16h under the conditions of 100 DEG C to get 3,5- dihydroxy
Base lithium benzonitrile.
Preferably, 2- phenylphenol and lithium carbonate are reacted to 20h under the conditions of 120 DEG C to get 2- phenyl benzene oxygen lithium.
Preferably, 3- nitrophenol and lithium aluminium hydride reduction are reacted to 20h under the conditions of 70 DEG C to get 3- nitrobenzene oxygen lithium.
The present invention also provides a kind of preparation methods of lithium ion secondary battery comprising foregoing lithium ion secondary
The pre- lithium method of battery.
The present invention also provides a kind of using lithium ion secondary battery made from preceding method.
The present invention also provides a kind of lithium ion batteries, and it includes anode, cathode and electrolyte, wherein the anode includes
The phenols lithium salt compound.
On the basis of common knowledge of the art, above-mentioned each optimum condition, can any combination to get each preferable reality of the present invention
Example.
The reagents and materials used in the present invention are commercially available.
The positive effect of the present invention is that:
(1) present invention, in battery initial charge, releases lithium ion using phenol lithium salts as prelithiation sacrifice agent with more
The active lithium consumed when SEI is generated is mended, and phenates anion is oxidized to neutral quinones under high potential, and generate
Quinones is free of toxic effects to battery；In addition, in the present invention method of pre- lithium compared to other methods for, simply may be used
It leans on, can be realized on the basis of existing mass production process.
(2) present invention can prepare phenols lithium salt compound in conventional environment, and phenols lithium salt compound yield is reachable
89% or more, special environmental Kuznets Curves are not necessarily to, production cost is reduced, improves the feasibility of industrialized production.
(3) prelithiation method treated the electrode in the present invention, coulombic efficiency obtains obvious 94.3% or more for the first time
It is promoted；Capacity retention ratio is 97.8% or more after recycling 100 weeks, and battery energy density and cycle life are obviously improved.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below by the mode of embodiment, but does not therefore limit the present invention to the reality
It applies among a range.In the following examples, the experimental methods for specific conditions are not specified, according to conventional methods and conditions, or according to quotient
The selection of product specification.
Embodiment 1
The method of lithium ion secondary battery prelithiation, the specific steps are as follows:
(1) preparation of lithium salts
11.2g3- fluorophenol and 0.8g lithium hydride are accurately weighed, it is anti-under 80 DEG C, Ar atmospheric condition using acetonitrile as solvent
10h is answered, obtains 11g3- fluorobenzene oxygen lithium, yield 93% after removing solvent.
(2) 95g anode active material of phosphate iron lithium material LiFePO is weighed4, 0.5g conductive agent SP, 1.5g binder PVDF
With 3g3- fluorobenzene oxygen lithium, each component is added in N-Methyl pyrrolidone under an ar atmosphere, slurry is made.
Embodiment 2
The method of lithium ion secondary battery prelithiation, the specific steps are as follows:
(1) preparation of lithium salts
13.5g3,5- dihydroxybenzonitrile and 8.4g lithium hydroxide are accurately weighed, using ethyl alcohol as solvent, in 100 DEG C of conditions
Lower reaction 16h obtains 12g3,5- dihydroxy lithium benzonitrile, yield 89% after removing solvent.
(2) 90g positive active material ternary material LiNi is weighed0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2, 1g conductive agent SP, 3g binder
Each component, is added in N-Methyl pyrrolidone under an ar atmosphere, slurry is made by PVDF and 6g3,5- dihydroxy lithium benzonitrile.
Embodiment 3
The method of lithium ion secondary battery prelithiation, the specific steps are as follows:
(1) preparation of lithium salts
16g2- phenylphenol and 3.8g lithium carbonate are accurately weighed, using dimethylformamide as solvent, under the conditions of 120 DEG C
20h is reacted, obtains 15g2- phenyl benzene oxygen lithium, yield 94% after removing solvent.
(2) 96g anode active material of phosphate iron lithium material LiFePO is weighed4, 1g conductive agent SP, 1g binder PVDF and
Each component, is added in N-Methyl pyrrolidone under an ar atmosphere, slurry is made by 2g2- phenyl benzene oxygen lithium.
Embodiment 4
The method of lithium ion secondary battery prelithiation, the specific steps are as follows:
(1) preparation of lithium salts
15.4g3- nitrophenol and 3.8g lithium aluminium hydride reduction are accurately weighed, using acetone as solvent, is reacted under the conditions of 70 DEG C
20h obtains 15g3- nitrobenzene oxygen lithium, yield 97% after removing solvent.
(2) 90g positive active material ternary material LiNi is weighed0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2, 1g conductive agent SP, 1g binder
Each component, is added in N-Methyl pyrrolidone under an ar atmosphere, slurry is made by PVDF and 8g3- nitrobenzene oxygen lithium.
Comparative example 1
The preparation method of anode paste of Li-ion secondary battery, the specific steps are as follows:
Weigh 95g anode active material of phosphate iron lithium material LiFePO4, 0.5g conductive agent SP and 1.5g binder PVDF,
Each component is added in N-Methyl pyrrolidone under an ar atmosphere, slurry is made.
Comparative example 2
The method of lithium ion secondary battery prelithiation, the specific steps are as follows:
(1) preparation of presoma
128g naphthalene and 0.7g lithium are accurately weighed, using acetonitrile as solvent, stands for 24 hours, obtains 120.0g naphthalene lithium.
(2) 95g anode active material of phosphate iron lithium material LiFePO is weighed4, 0.5g conductive agent SP, 1.5g binder PVDF
With 15g naphthalene lithium, each component is added in N-Methyl pyrrolidone under an ar atmosphere, slurry is made.
Comparative example 3
The method of lithium ion secondary battery prelithiation, the specific steps are as follows:
Weigh 95g anode active material of phosphate iron lithium material LiFePO4, 0.5g conductive agent SP, 1.5g binder PVDF and
1.2g LiV3O8, each component is added in N-Methyl pyrrolidone under an ar atmosphere, slurry is made.
Effect example 1
Slurry made of each embodiment, comparative example is coated and dried, pole piece is made in roll-in, cutting, use graphite for cathode
Piece is assembled into 2032 full batteries, carries out first charge-discharge test to manufactured battery, and test multiplying power is 0.1C charge and discharge, is tested
To efficiencies be shown in Table 1.
Electrochemical property test carries out with the following method: anode made from Example and the material of comparative example preparation
Piece；Using 1mol/L tri- component mixed solvent of LiPF6 by EC:DMC:EMC=1:1:1 (V/V) and add 5%VC mixing electricity
Liquid is solved, uses Celgard microporous polypropylene membrane for diaphragm, with lithium piece by electrode is made in the glove box that argon gas is protected
CR2032 button half-cell.The charge-discharge test of button cell is on Wuhan Jin Nuo Electronics Co., Ltd. LAND battery test system
It carries out, in normal temperature condition, first with 0.1C constant current charge and discharge activation, then with 0.2C charge-discharge cycle 100 times, charging/discharging voltage 2-
5V。
Table 1
From above-mentioned data: compared with the electrode (comparative example 1) of non-prelithiation processing, graphite cathode passes through prelithiation
Afterwards, coulombic efficiency is obviously improved for the first time, circulation 100 weeks after capacity retention ratio be 97.8% or more, battery energy density and
Cycle life is obviously improved.
Inventor prepares according to the preparation method of comparative example 2,3, is examined according to the method in effect example 1
It surveys, discovery:
(1) use naphthalene lithium as prelithiation reagent in comparative example 2, the naphthalene anion for discharging lithium ion is free on electrolysis
In liquid, side reaction may occur with electrolyte, consume electrolyte, reduce battery performance；
(2) LiV is used in comparative example 33O8As prelithiation reagent, density is high, weight is big, causes the energy of battery close
Degree reduces, and significantly reduces battery performance.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of application of phenols lithium salt compound as prelithiation reagent in the pre- lithium method of lithium ion secondary battery, the phenol
The structural formula of class lithium salt compound is Ar-O-·Li+。
2. phenols lithium salt compound as described in claim 1 is as prelithiation reagent in the pre- lithium method of lithium ion secondary battery
Application, which is characterized in that the pre- lithium method of lithium ion secondary battery includes the following steps: positive electrode active materials and described
The mixing of phenols lithium salt compound, slurrying；
The positive electrode active materials are preferably LiFePO 4 material and/or nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary material, and the LiFePO 4 material is excellent
It is selected as LiFePO4, the nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary material is preferably LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2；
The weight ratio of the positive electrode active materials and the phenols lithium salt compound is preferably (90-96): (2-8), more preferably
95:3,90:6,96:2 or 90:8；
The slurrying preferably carries out in a solvent, the solvent be preferably methanol, ethyl alcohol, acetonitrile, acetone, dimethylformamide,
One of N, N- diethylformamide and N-Methyl pyrrolidone are a variety of, more preferably N-Methyl pyrrolidone.
3. phenols lithium salt compound as claimed in claim 2 is as prelithiation reagent in the pre- lithium method of lithium ion secondary battery
Application, which is characterized in that further include conductive agent and/or binder in the raw material of the slurrying；
The conductive agent is preferably carbon black；
The weight ratio of the conductive agent and the phenols lithium salt compound is preferably 1:(2-8), more preferably 1:6,1:2 or 1:8；
The binder is preferably polyvinylidene fluoride；
The bonding and the weight ratio of the phenols lithium salt compound are preferably 1:(2-8), more preferably 1:2 or 1:8.
4. phenols lithium salt compound according to any one of claims 1 to 3 is as prelithiation reagent in lithium ion secondary electricity
Application in the pre- lithium method in pond, which is characterized in that the phenols lithium salt compound is phenols lithium salt compound shown in formula I:
Wherein, R1、R2、R3、R4And R5It is each independently H ,-OH ,-F ,-Cl ,-Br ,-NO2、-CN、-t-Bu、
5. phenols lithium salt compound as claimed in claim 4 is as prelithiation reagent in the pre- lithium method of lithium ion secondary battery
Application, which is characterized in that the R1For H ,-OH ,-F ,-Cl ,-Br ,-NO2,-CN ,-t-Bu or
And/or the R2For H ,-OH ,-F ,-Cl ,-Br ,-NO2,-CN or-t-Bu；
And/or the R3For H ,-OH ,-F ,-Cl ,-Br ,-NO2,-CN or
And/or the R4For H ,-OH ,-F ,-Cl ,-Br ,-NO2,-CN or-t-Bu；
And/or the R5For H ,-OH ,-F ,-Cl ,-Br ,-NO2,-CN ,-t-Bu or
6. phenols lithium salt compound as claimed in claim 5 is as prelithiation reagent in the pre- lithium method of lithium ion secondary battery
Application, which is characterized in that the phenols lithium salt compound shown in formula I is
One of or it is a variety of, preferably
One of or it is a variety of, more preferably
7. the phenols lithium salt compound as described in any one of claim 4~6 is as prelithiation reagent in lithium ion secondary electricity
Application in the pre- lithium method in pond, which is characterized in that the phenols lithium salt compound shown in formula I is made as follows:
In a solvent, by the phenolic compound as shown in Formula II and alkaline, lithium reactant salt to get the phenols lithium salts shown in formula I
Compound；
Wherein, R1、R2、R3、R4And R5Definition as described in any one of claim 4~6；
The phenolic compound as shown in Formula II is preferably phenol, hydroquinone, resorcinol, catechol, 2- fluorobenzene
Phenol, 3- fluorophenol, p-fluorophenol, 2- chlorophenol, 3- chlorophenol, parachlorophenol, 2- bromophenol, 3- bromophenol, p bromophenol, 2-
The bromo- 1,3- benzenediol of nitrophenol, 3- nitrophenol, p-nitrophenol, 4-, 3- fluoro pyrocatechol, salicylonitrile, 3,4-
The bromo- 1,3- benzenediol of dihydroxybenzonitrile, 3,5- dihydroxybenzonitrile, 2-, 2,6- chlorophenesic acid, tert-butyl hydroquinone, 2-
Phenylphenol, bisphenol-A and 3, one of 5- chlorophenesic acid or a variety of, more preferably 3- fluorophenol, 3,5- dihydroxybenzonitrile,
One of 2- phenylphenol and 3- nitrophenol are a variety of；
The alkaline lithium salts is preferably one of lithium hydroxide, lithium carbonate, lithium hydride, lithium aluminium hydride reduction or a variety of, more preferably
For lithium hydride, lithium hydroxide, lithium carbonate or lithium aluminium hydride reduction；
In the preparation method of the phenols lithium salt compound shown in formula I, the solvent is preferably methanol, ethyl alcohol, acetonitrile, third
Ketone, dimethylformamide and N, one of N- diethylformamide or a variety of, more preferably acetonitrile, ethyl alcohol, dimethyl formyl
One of amine and acetone are a variety of；
In the preparation method of the phenols lithium salt compound shown in formula I, the temperature of the reaction is preferably 70-120 DEG C, more
Preferably 70 DEG C, 80 DEG C, 100 DEG C or 120 DEG C；
In the preparation method of the phenols lithium salt compound shown in formula I, the time of the reaction is preferably 10-20h, more excellent
It is selected as 10h, 16h or 20h.
8. a kind of preparation method of lithium ion secondary battery, which is characterized in that it includes such as any one of claim 1~7 institute
The pre- lithium method of the lithium ion secondary battery stated.
9. lithium ion secondary battery made from a kind of preparation method of lithium ion secondary battery as claimed in claim 8.
10. a kind of lithium ion battery, which is characterized in that it includes anode, cathode and electrolyte, wherein the anode is comprising as weighed
Benefit require any one of 1,4~6 described in phenols lithium salt compound.
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Application publication date: 20190709 |