CN108807929B - Preparation method of positive electrode material for reserve type lithium battery and product - Google Patents

Preparation method of positive electrode material for reserve type lithium battery and product Download PDF

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CN108807929B
CN108807929B CN201810664954.0A CN201810664954A CN108807929B CN 108807929 B CN108807929 B CN 108807929B CN 201810664954 A CN201810664954 A CN 201810664954A CN 108807929 B CN108807929 B CN 108807929B
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positive electrode
electrode material
lithium
battery
suspension
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CN108807929A (en
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周思思
张祥功
李磊
周章华
代化
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Wuhan Institute of Marine Electric Propulsion China Shipbuilding Industry Corp No 712 Institute CSIC
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/362—Composites
    • H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
    • H01M4/5835—Comprising fluorine or fluoride salts
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a positive electrode material for a reserve type lithium battery, which comprises the steps of mixing a carbon fluoride material with LiPACA, NMP and a methanol solvent according to a certain mass ratio to obtain a mixture A; putting the mixture A into a high-energy ball mill to prepare suspension B; fully mixing the positive electrode material to be coated with lithium hydroxide according to the mass ratio of 95:5 to prepare a mixture C; adding the mixture C into the suspension B, then putting the suspension B into a high-energy ball mill, drying the suspension of the mixture, then washing and filtering the suspension, and drying the product to obtain the directly-used carbon fluoride material-coated positive electrode material for the lithium ion battery; the positive electrode material obtained by the method has better compatibility with electrolyte and keeps a stable charge state during storage, so that the battery containing the material has the excellent characteristics of long storage life and high rate performance, and the storage requirement of the special field on the battery is met.

Description

Preparation method of positive electrode material for reserve type lithium battery and product
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of positive electrode materials of lithium primary batteries and lithium secondary batteries, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a positive electrode material of a lithium secondary battery with a layer of graphite fluoride material coated on the surface, and a reserve type lithium battery using the positive electrode material.
Background
With the continuous improvement of the equipment performance in special fields such as military weaponry, outdoor operation, escape capsule and the like, the demand for batteries serving as unique energy sources is higher and higher. When the battery is applied to the special fields, the battery is mainly characterized in that the battery is required to have certain storage performance, and the battery does not need to be used immediately after being prepared or charged, but can be taken out for use only under special conditions. In the process of storage waiting, the battery is required to have full-performance loading capacity at any time, and the battery is not in time to charge and nurse when in use, so that emergency discharging in emergency needs to be dealt with.
The energy density and rate capability of the primary battery systems such as currently adopted aluminum silver oxide, silver zinc, thionyl chloride, lithium manganese dioxide, lithium carbon fluoride and the like are difficult to be compatible: the system such as silver aluminum oxide, silver zinc, thionyl chloride and the like has high rate capability, but has lower energy density; lithium-manganese dioxide, lithium-carbon fluoride and the like have high energy density but low rate performance, and particularly, in a carbon fluoride lithium primary battery, because the electronic conductivity of carbon fluoride is low and lithium ions are a one-dimensional transmission path in the carbon fluoride, polarization is large during high-rate discharge, heat release is large, and the rate performance is poor.
In recent years, researchers have turned the hot point of innovation of reserve batteries to lithium secondary batteries with both energy density and rate capability. However, the biggest problem in using a lithium secondary battery as a reserve battery is that the self-discharge rate is fast, which is a typical level of commercial lithium secondary batteries, 1% per month, whereas in reserve batteries it is often necessary to store the battery for 5 years, 10 years or even longer. The improvement of the storage life of the lithium secondary battery is a core target for its use as a reserve battery.
Commercial lithium secondary battery positive electrode materials, such as lithium cobaltate, lithium iron phosphate, ternary (NCM, NCA), lithium-rich phase positive electrode material xLiMO2 · yLi2MnO3, high-voltage positive electrode material lini0.5mn1.5o4, and the like, can be optimized to have an energy density as high as 350Wh/kg and a rate capability exceeding 20C for discharge.
However, the charged anode material often reacts with the electrolyte during storage, and the metal ions are dissociated to the cathode for precipitation, and the lithium ions are dissociated to the anode by internal short circuit, so that the capacity of the conventional lithium secondary battery is rapidly reduced when the conventional lithium secondary battery is used as a reserve battery, and the requirement of long-term storage cannot be met.
Currently, the positive electrode material of commercial lithium secondary batteries has not been widely used in reserve batteries.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a preparation method of a positive electrode material for a reserve type lithium battery with high multiplying power and low self-discharge performance, which is very simple to coat a layer of graphite fluoride material on the surface of the positive electrode material of a lithium secondary battery.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a preparation method of a positive electrode material for a reserve type lithium battery comprises the following steps:
a, mixing the carbon fluoride material with poly (bis (4-aminophenyl) ether-altMixing bis (4-methyl carboxyl benzenesulfonyl) imide) amide (LiPACA for short), N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP for short) and a methanol solvent according to a certain mass ratio to obtain a mixture A; wherein the mass ratio content of the carbon fluoride material in the mixture A is 30-60%; and (3) LiPACA: NMP: the mass ratio of methanol is 1: 1: 3;
b, putting the mixture A into a high-energy ball mill to prepare a suspension B;
c, fully mixing the positive electrode material to be coated with lithium hydroxide (LiOH) according to the mass ratio of 95:5 to prepare a mixture C;
and d, adding the mixture C into the suspension B, then putting the suspension into a high-energy ball mill, drying the suspension of the mixture, then washing and filtering, and drying the product to obtain the directly-used carbon fluoride material-coated lithium ion battery positive electrode material.
The preparation method of the anode material for the reserve lithium battery is characterized in that the expression of the carbon fluoride material is CFx (x = 0.1-3).
According to the preparation method of the positive electrode material for the reserve type lithium battery, the positive electrode material is one or more of lithium cobaltate, lithium iron phosphate, a ternary material (abbreviated as NCM and NCA materials) which is conventionally called in the industry, a lithium-rich phase positive electrode material (xLiMO 2. yLi2MnO 3) and a high-pressure positive electrode material (LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 and modified materials thereof).
Further, the thickness of the carbon fluoride material coating layer is 1-20 nm. Preferably 2 to 5 nm.
Further, in the step b, the high-energy grinding ball is maintained at the temperature of between 60 and 85 ℃ in the environment of 500 to 550R/min for 1 hour.
Further, in the step d, high-energy ball milling is carried out for 1.5 hours in an environment of 85-95 ℃ and 500-600R/min, then the suspension of the mixture is baked for 12-14 hours in an environment of 175-185 ℃ in vacuum under the protection of argon, then alcohol reagents are used for washing and filtering, and the product is baked for 8-10 hours in a vacuum oven at the temperature of 100-120 ℃ to obtain the anode material for the lithium ion battery.
The positive electrode material for the lithium ion battery coated by the carbon fluoride material prepared by the method.
A reserve type battery comprises the positive electrode material for the lithium ion battery coated by the carbon fluoride material prepared by the method.
The invention has the following positive beneficial effects:
the lithium secondary battery anode material obtained by the method has better compatibility with electrolyte in the storage process and keeps a stable charge state during storage, so that the battery containing the material has the excellent characteristics of long storage life and high rate performance, and the storage requirement of the special field on the battery is met.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a graph showing discharge curves of B1 battery of example 3 of the present invention, B2 battery of example 4, and B3 of comparative example 1.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1
This example is used to illustrate the preparation method of the cathode material provided by the present invention:
(1) fluorinated Carbon (CF)0.8Japan Dajin) and poly (bis (4-aminophenyl) ether-alt-bis (4-carboxylphenylsulfonyl) imide) amide (LiPACA for short), N-methyl-pyrrolidone (NMP for short, national medicine), methanol (national medicine) solvent were mixed in the following mass ratio: 50%: 10%: 10%: 30% to obtainMixture A.
(2) And (3) putting the material A into a high-energy ball mill, and keeping the high-energy ball mill at the temperature of 60 ℃ for 1 hour in the environment of 500R/min to prepare suspension B.
(3) Subjecting the lithium cobaltate (LiCoO)2Xiamen tungsten industry) and lithium hydroxide (LiOH) in a mass ratio of 95:5 to prepare a mixture C.
(4) And adding C into the B, performing high-energy ball milling on the mixture in a high-energy ball mill for 1.5 hours in an environment of keeping the temperature at 85 ℃ and 500R/min stably, baking the suspension of the mixture in a vacuum drying oven under the protection of argon for 12-14 hours, washing and filtering the suspension by using an alcohol reagent, baking the product in the vacuum drying oven at the temperature of 100-185 ℃ for 8 hours to obtain the directly-used carbon fluoride material-coated lithium ion battery positive electrode material, wherein A1 is used, and the thickness of the carbon fluoride layer is measured to be between 2 and 4nm by using a transmission electron microscope (JEM-2010), and the performance of the carbon fluoride material is described in detail below.
Example 2
The difference from the examples is that x =3 in the raw material CFx in step (1), and the positive electrode material for a lithium ion battery prepared by the method in the examples is denoted as a 2.
Example 3
The material A1 obtained in example 1 was used as an active material, and mixed with carbon black and a solution of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) in N, N-dimethylpyrrolidone (NMP) to prepare a uniform composite slurry, which was uniformly coated on an aluminum foil (15 μm) as a current collector and then dried at 100 ℃ to give a film having a thickness of 90 μm and a thickness of 1MPa × 1cm2Compacting under pressure and continuing the vacuum baking at 100 ℃ for 12 hours. In the dried pole piece, A1 accounts for 82wt% of the total coating, the adhesive accounts for 8wt% and the carbon black accounts for 10 wt%. Then cutting the obtained pole piece into pieces with the area of 1cm2The wafer of (3) serves as a positive electrode. Putting the dried pole piece into a battery shell in an argon glove box, putting a polypropylene porous membrane between the pole piece and a metal lithium piece, and dropwise adding a commercial electrolyte (1M LiPF) of the lithium ion battery6EC/DMC =3:7, Peking chemical reagent), to make the electrode plate completely infiltrate and assemble into a solidThe cell was tested, in which the negative electrode was metallic lithium, the separator was a polypropylene porous membrane (Celgard 2300), the cathode tab was next to the cathode sheet, and the anode tab was next to the lithium sheet.
After the experimental battery is prepared, the experimental battery is kept stand for 12 hours in an environment of 25 ℃, and is subjected to charging pretreatment on an automatic charging and discharging instrument (LAND, Wuhan Jinnuo science and technology Co., Ltd.), wherein the process is as follows: and calculating the current required by 0.02C charging according to the mass of the lithium cobaltate active substance in each pole piece by referring to the theoretical capacity density of the lithium cobaltate of 140mAh/g, carrying out constant-current charging, starting charging from open-circuit voltage, wherein the cut-off voltage is 4.35V, and the charging temperature is stabilized at 25 ℃.
The charged experimental batteries are stored in a constant-temperature warehouse with the temperature of 25 ℃ and the humidity of less than 60 percent for 2 years. After 2 years, the experimental battery is taken out, the current required by 5C charging is calculated according to the mass of the lithium cobaltate active substance in each pole piece by referring to the theoretical capacity density of the lithium cobaltate of 140mAh/g, constant-current discharging is carried out, discharging is started from the open-circuit voltage, the cut-off voltage is 2.5V, the discharging environment temperature is stabilized at 25 ℃, the discharging curve is labeled as B1, and the discharging capacity is labeled as C1.
Example 4
The material A2 of example 2 was used as an active material, and mixed with carbon black, N-dimethylpyrrolidone (NMP) solution of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) to prepare a uniform composite slurry, which was uniformly coated on an aluminum foil (15 μm) as a current collector, and then dried at 100 ℃ to obtain a film having a thickness of 90 μm at 1MPa × 1cm2Compacting under pressure and continuing the vacuum baking at 100 ℃ for 12 hours. In the dried pole piece, A2 accounts for 82wt% of the total coating, the adhesive accounts for 8wt% and the carbon black accounts for 10 wt%. Then cutting the obtained pole piece into pieces with the area of 1cm2The wafer of (3) serves as a positive electrode. Putting the dried pole piece into a battery shell in an argon glove box, putting a polypropylene porous membrane between the pole piece and a metal lithium piece, and dropwise adding a commercial electrolyte (1M LiPF) of the lithium ion battery6EC/DMC =3:7 solvent, Beijing chemical reagent), so that the electrode plates are completely infiltrated, and an experimental battery is assembled, wherein the negative electrode in the battery is metallic lithium, and the diaphragmIs a polypropylene porous membrane (Celgard 2300) with the cathode head next to the cathode sheet and the anode head next to the lithium sheet.
After the experimental battery is prepared, the experimental battery is kept stand for 12 hours in an environment of 25 ℃, and is subjected to charging pretreatment on an automatic charging and discharging instrument (LAND, Wuhan Jinnuo science and technology Co., Ltd.), wherein the process is as follows: and calculating the current required by 0.02C charging according to the mass of the lithium cobaltate active substance in each pole piece by referring to the theoretical capacity density of the lithium cobaltate of 140mAh/g, carrying out constant-current charging, starting charging from open-circuit voltage, wherein the cut-off voltage is 4.35V, and the charging temperature is stabilized at 25 ℃.
The charged experimental batteries are stored in a constant-temperature warehouse with the temperature of 25 ℃ and the humidity of less than 60 percent for 2 years. After 2 years, the experimental battery is taken out, the current required by 5C charging is calculated according to the mass of the lithium cobaltate active substance in each pole piece by referring to the theoretical capacity density of the lithium cobaltate of 140mAh/g, constant-current discharging is carried out, discharging is started from the open-circuit voltage, the cut-off voltage is 2.5V, the discharging environment temperature is stabilized at 25 ℃, the discharging curve is labeled as B2, and the discharging capacity is labeled as C2.
Comparative example 1
Mixing commercial lithium cobaltate material (Xiamen tungsten industry) without coating carbon fluoride as active substance A3 with carbon black and N, N-dimethyl pyrrolidone (NMP) solution of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) to prepare uniform composite slurry, uniformly coating the slurry on aluminum foil (15 μm) as current collector, drying at 100 deg.C to obtain film with thickness of 90 μm and thickness of 1MPa × 1cm2Compacting under pressure and baking at 100 ℃ for 12 hours. In the dried pole piece, A1 accounts for 82wt% of the total coating, the adhesive accounts for 8wt% and the carbon black accounts for 10 wt%. Then cutting the obtained pole piece into pieces with the area of 1cm2The wafer of (3) serves as a positive electrode. Putting the dried pole piece into a battery shell in an argon glove box, putting a polypropylene porous membrane between the pole piece and a metal lithium piece, and dropwise adding a commercial electrolyte (1M LiPF) of the lithium ion battery6EC/DMC =3:7 solvent, Beijing chemical reagent), so that the electrode plates are completely infiltrated, and an experimental battery is assembled, wherein the negative electrode in the battery is metal lithium, and the diaphragm is polypropylene multi-componentA porous membrane (Celgard 2300) with the cathode head next to the cathode sheet and the anode head next to the lithium sheet.
After the experimental battery is prepared, the experimental battery is kept stand for 12 hours in an environment of 25 ℃, and is subjected to charging pretreatment on an automatic charging and discharging instrument (LAND, Wuhan Jinnuo science and technology Co., Ltd.), wherein the process is as follows: and calculating the current required by 0.02C charging according to the mass of the lithium cobaltate active substance in each pole piece by referring to the theoretical capacity density of the lithium cobaltate of 140mAh/g, carrying out constant-current charging, starting charging from open-circuit voltage, wherein the cut-off voltage is 4.35V, and the charging temperature is stabilized at 25 ℃.
The charged experimental batteries are stored in a constant-temperature warehouse with the temperature of 25 ℃ and the humidity of less than 60 percent for 2 years. After 2 years, the experimental battery is taken out, the current required by 5C charging is calculated according to the mass of the lithium cobaltate active substance in each pole piece by referring to the theoretical capacity density of the lithium cobaltate of 140mAh/g, constant-current discharging is carried out, discharging is started from the open-circuit voltage, the cut-off voltage is 2.5V, the discharging environment temperature is stabilized at 25 ℃, the discharging curve is labeled as B3, and the discharging capacity is labeled as C3.
Discharge capacity ratios of example 3, example 4 and comparative example 1 are shown in table 1:
Figure 14797DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
discharge capacity ratios of example 3, example 4 and comparative example 1 are shown in fig. 1:
as can be seen from the discharge curve diagram 1 and the discharge capacity comparison table 1, under the same other conditions, the battery containing the lithium cobaltate cathode material prepared by the invention has better storage performance than the lithium cobaltate battery without the treatment of the invention: after two years of normal-temperature storage, the capacity retention rate of the battery provided by the invention is as high as 95.89% at a discharge rate of 5C, which shows that the prepared cathode material has good compatibility with common commercial electrolyte in a charge state, and can keep good surface and structural stability in long-time storage, so that the battery has higher storage performance than the traditional commercial lithium secondary battery, and can be used as a reserve battery.
It is also understood from the discharge graph 1 and the discharge capacity comparison table 1 that the storage property is improved when the value of x in CFx is increased, but the storage property of the positive electrode material B2 is lower than that of the battery prepared when the value of x is lower.
The above embodiments of the present invention illustrate that, during the storage process, when the thickness of the graphite fluoride coating layer is within the range found in the present invention, the positive electrode material prepared by the present invention has better compatibility with the electrolyte, and maintains a stable charge state during storage, so that the battery containing the material has longer storage life and high rate performance, and meets the storage requirement of the battery in the special field.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A preparation method of a positive electrode material for a reserve type lithium battery is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a, mixing the carbon fluoride material with poly (bis (4-aminophenyl) ether-alt-bis (4-carboxybenzenesulfonyl) imide) amide, N-methyl-pyrrolidone and methanol solvent are mixed according to a certain mass ratio to obtain a mixture a;
wherein the mass ratio content of the carbon fluoride material in the mixture A is 30-60%;
poly (bis (4-aminophenyl) ether-alt-bis (4-carboxybenzenesulfonyl) imide) amide: n-methyl pyrrolidone: the mass ratio of methanol is 1: 1: 3;
b, putting the mixture A into a high-energy ball mill to prepare a suspension B;
c, fully mixing the positive electrode material and lithium hydroxide according to the mass ratio of 95:5 to prepare a mixture C;
and d, adding the mixture C into the suspension B, then placing the suspension B into a high-energy ball mill, keeping the suspension B stable at 85-95 ℃ and performing high-energy ball milling for 1.5 hours in an environment of 500-600R/min, then baking the suspension of the mixture in a vacuum protected by argon for 12-14 hours in an environment of 175-185 ℃, then washing and filtering the suspension by using an alcohol reagent, and baking the product in a vacuum oven for 8-10 hours at the temperature of 100-120 ℃ to obtain the directly-used carbon fluoride material-coated lithium ion battery positive electrode material.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the carbon fluoride material is represented by CFx, x = 0.1-3.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the positive electrode material is one or more of lithium cobaltate, lithium iron phosphate, ternary material, and lithium-rich phase positive electrode material.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the carbon fluoride material has a coating thickness of 1-20 nm.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the carbon fluoride material has a coating thickness of 2-5 nm.
6. The method for preparing a positive electrode material for a reserve lithium battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein the high energy grinding ball is maintained at 60-85 ℃ for 1 hour in an environment of 500-550R/min in the step b.
7. A positive electrode material for a lithium ion battery coated with a carbon fluoride-based material prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
8. A reserve battery comprising the positive electrode material for a lithium ion battery coated with the carbon fluoride-based material prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
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