CN109991360A - Retain deformable memory material in flow path - Google Patents

Retain deformable memory material in flow path Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109991360A
CN109991360A CN201811524682.0A CN201811524682A CN109991360A CN 109991360 A CN109991360 A CN 109991360A CN 201811524682 A CN201811524682 A CN 201811524682A CN 109991360 A CN109991360 A CN 109991360A
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component
flow path
state
deformation
nitric acid
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CN109991360B (en
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克雷格·阿克
史蒂文·基恩
劳拉·沃尔德
马克·费希尔
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Teledyne Flir LLC
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Flir Systems Inc
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N31/00—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods
    • G01N31/10—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods using catalysis

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  • Investigating Or Analyzing Non-Biological Materials By The Use Of Chemical Means (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to retain deformable memory material in flow path.Specifically, the present invention provides various technologies so that memory polymer component to be fixed in flow path.In one embodiment, a kind of method includes: the memory component for providing and remaining static；Deformation operation is executed so that the component is converted to deformation state from the stationary state；The component is inserted into the flow path limited by the internal side wall of structure；And applying stimulates so that the component is converted to intermediate state from the deformation state, and in the intermediate state, the adjacent side wall of the component is the component to be fixed in the flow path.The present invention also provides other device, system and correlation techniques.

Description

Retain deformable memory material in flow path
Daniel Craig's Acker, Shi Diwenjien, Laura Wald, mark's fischer
The cross reference of related application
This application claims entitled " retaining deformable memory material in flow path " for submitting on December 14th, 2017 U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.62/598,920 equity and priority, which is fully incorporated by quoting Herein.
The patent application is also entitled " the strengthening chemical detection with acid catalyzed hydrolysis " submitted on September 2nd, 2016 U.S. Patent application No.15/256,443 part continuation application, the patent application pass through in quoting and being fully incorporated herein.
Technical field
This patent disclosure relates generally to chemical detections and flow path embodiment, of interest more specifically to detecting Trace material and the reserved unit in flow path.
Background technique
Explosive safety detection is the field that a whole world gives more sustained attention.The emphasis of joint efforts is detection trace explosion Object, including nitrogen base explosive.
Conventional detection method, such as X-ray diffraction method, nuclear quadrupole resonance method, ion mobility spectrometry, mass spectrography and gas phase Chromatography is known and is High sensitivity and effective.However, being used to execute the system expensive of these methods, being difficult to tie up It protects, be easy to report by mistake, and be not easy manufacture into low-power portable device.
Known Colorimetric techniques can detecte the presence of nitrogen base explosive.The value of portable colorimetric chemical kit be with Fast response time display parsing optical signalling.However, these methods have the shortcomings that many, including muting sensitivity, high rate of false alarm And due to analysis and liquidation procedures inconvenient caused by the testing mechanism based on liquid.In addition, these methods would generally User is set to be exposed to a large amount of chemicals by duplicate wet-chemical formula sampling step.
In some cases, detector or other component can be positioned in flow path to receive the analysis passed through Object.Accordingly, it may be desirable to by current conditions fix and it is flexible in a manner of various parts are located in flow path.So And traditional location technology may be not always practical.For example, if component is not fixed fully in flow path, So it may unintentionally migrate downward into along flow path or remove from desired location.This may interfere with the whole behaviour of device Make, especially in the case where component is used to be intended to occur the chemical reaction in specific physical location, such as in various chemistry reports At a part of the flow path of road agent upstream.
In addition, if component is fixed in flow path by adhesive or other jointing materials, this may will change Product are introduced into flow path, to influence detection reading.In addition, the flow path of certain relative small sizes may make tradition Mechanical engagement it is unrealistic.
Summary of the invention
In various embodiments, memory material component can use certain unique expansion characteristics of component with convenient and can The mode leaned on is fixed in flow path.For example, the component can be deformable component, which is configured to ring Stationary state or intermediate state should be transformed back into from deformation state in heat.By utilizing this in various unique embodiments A little features, component can be effectively inserted and secured in the flow path of detector or with any required geometry In any kind of flow path.
In one embodiment, a kind of method includes: the memory material component for providing and remaining static；Execute deformation behaviour Make so that the component is converted to deformation state from the stationary state；The component is inserted into the internal side wall limit by structure In fixed flow path；And apply stimulation so that the component is converted to intermediate state from the deformation state, in described Between state, the adjacent side wall of the component is the component to be fixed in the flow path.
In another embodiment, a kind of device includes: the structure including limiting the internal side wall of flow path；Setting exists Memory material component in the flow path；And wherein, the unit response passes through in the following terms against the side wall And it is fixed in the flow path: deformation operation, so that the component is converted to deformation state from stationary state to insert Enter into the flow path；And apply stimulation, so that the component is converted to the component adjoining from the deformation state The intermediate state of the side wall.
In various embodiments, non-volatile acid catalyst (for example, also referred to as reactant or acid reagent) is provided, The acid catalyst helps to detect certain nitrogen base explosives at chemistry report agent when nitrogen base explosive is hydrolyzed.Nitrogen base explosive Hydrolysis generate nitric acid, this makes the detectable response of chemistry report agent offer.Nitrogen base explosive can make other chemistry reports Road agent provides detectable response, and other substances of interest, such as peroxide-based explosive, can also make chemical report Road agent provides detectable response.
It thus provides various technologies are used to detect the shortcomings that nitrogen base explosive of trace is without the prior art.These Technology is especially suitable for detection nitrate (such as nitroglycerin) and nitramine (such as research department explosive (Research Department Explosive)).In some embodiments, it is quick-fried to nitrogen base to be based on detection report agent for the presence of nitrogen base explosive The response of the hydrolysate of fried object.
In one embodiment, a kind of method includes: to receive vapor phase nitric acid precursor；There are acid catalyst Make vapor phase nitric acid precursor hydrolysis to form nitric acid；Nitric acid is received at the chemistry report agent of chemical detector；And pass through institute State chemical detector detect it is described chemistry report agent material of interest is determined whether there is to the response of the nitric acid.
In another embodiment, a kind of device includes: entrance, is configured to receive vapor phase nitric acid precursor；Acid catalysis Agent is configured to the vapor phase nitric acid precursors reaction to form nitric acid；And chemical detector, including be configured in response to The chemistry report agent of the nitric acid, wherein the chemistry report agent is configured to detect the chemistry report agent to the nitric acid Response, to determine whether there is material of interest.
The scope of the present invention is defined by the claims, these claims are incorporated into this part by quoting.By examining Consider the described in detail below of one or more embodiments, the embodiment of the present invention will be more fully understood in those skilled in the art And the implementation of its attendant advantages.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 shows the external view of the trace material detection device of embodiment according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows the block diagrams of the trace material detection device of embodiment according to the present invention.
The analyte that Fig. 3 shows embodiment according to the present invention passes through the operating process of trace material detection device.
Fig. 4 shows the broken section of the chemical detector of the trace material detection device of embodiment according to the present invention Figure.
Fig. 5 shows the front view of the chemical detector of trace material detection device.
Fig. 6 shows the part of the chemical detector of trace material detection device according to another embodiment of the invention Cross-sectional view.
Fig. 7 shows the process of the operation trace material detection device of embodiment according to the present invention.
Fig. 8 shows the more detailed process of the operation trace material detection device of embodiment according to the present invention.
Fig. 9 shows the chart of the more various chemical detection techniques of embodiment according to the present invention.
Figure 10 shows the structure of the offer flow path of embodiment according to the present invention, and memory material component is maintained at stream In dynamic path.
Figure 11 shows the process for making memory material part distortion by reversing of embodiment according to the present invention.
Figure 12 shows the process for making memory material part distortion by expansion of embodiment according to the present invention.
What Figure 13 showed embodiment according to the present invention makes the process of memory material part distortion by being unfolded and reversing.
Figure 14 shows the process for making memory material part distortion by compressing of embodiment according to the present invention.
Figure 15 shows the process for making memory material part distortion by being bent of embodiment according to the present invention.
Figure 16 shows the process of embodiment according to the present invention being fixed on memory material component in flow path.
By reference to following detailed description, the embodiment of the present invention and its advantage can be best understood.It should be appreciated that Identical appended drawing reference for identify in one or more of the drawings shown in similar elements.
Specific embodiment
According to various embodiments disclosed herein, the non-of detection of the enhancing to one or more materials of interest is provided Volatile acid catalyst (for example, also referred to as reactant or acid reagent).In some embodiments, acid catalyst and nitrogen base explode Object is reacted to improve the hydrolysis rate of nitrogen base explosive, to improve the generation rate of nitric acid.Then the agent of chemistry report receives nitre Acid simultaneously responds nitric acid to generate detectable result.In various embodiments, different chemistry report agent responds nitrogen base explosive To generate detectable result.Advantageously, in some embodiments, two different detection techniques are based on, it can be at two kinds not Nitrogen base explosive is detected in same chemistry report agent.In other embodiments, acid catalyst and other material (examples of interest Such as, peroxide-based explosive) reaction, show that there are the results of other materials of interest to provide.
Device and correlation technique are provided according to various technologies, is detected and material pair of interest with using acid-catalyzed hydrolysis The presence for the trace chemicals answered.In this respect, certain materials of interest can be shown glimmering when being exposed to acid catalyst Photoresponse, change in fluorescence, luminescence response, variations in light, infrared/Raman (Raman) response or the variation of resistivity.
Various nitrogen base explosive (including nitrate and nitramine) experience acid-catalyzed hydrolysis are to generate nitric acid.For example, when acid is urged When agent is reacted with nitroglycerin, reaction product first is that nitric acid.Water source in reaction can come from the water in air or come from Water on acid catalyst surface.
The nitric acid of generation is received by the chemistry report agent in chemical detector.Chemistry report agent is provided in response to nitric acid can The response of detection.In some embodiments, which, which can be, to be carried out with the detector of certain types of chemistry report agent The result of variations of the chemistry report agent of detection, the detector can signal that (such as nitrogen base is quick-fried there are material of interest Fried object).For example, in some embodiments, the fluorescence which can be the chemistry report agent detected by fluorescence detector becomes Change.In some embodiments, which can be the resistivity of the chemistry report agent detected by electric detectors appropriate Variation.In some embodiments, which can be the infrared/Raman detected by infrared/Raman response detector appropriate Response.In this way, material of interest is identified in convenient, inexpensive, quick and highly portable mode.
Advantageously, the agent of chemistry report is operable to detect any nitrogen base explosive for generating nitric acid after hydrolyzing.Cause This, chemistry report agent is not specific to single explosive, but can detect various nitrogen base explosives, including but not It is limited to: pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), dinitroglycol (EGDN), nitroglycerin, the powder (ratio containing nitroglycerin Such as the biradical and smokeless powder of three bases) and cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (RDX).As discussed further herein, it also can detect other Material (for example, peroxide-based explosive) of interest.
According to various embodiments further described herein, the variation of chemistry report agent can be with other chemical detection skill Art combines the presence to confirm nitrogen base explosive.For example, in some embodiments, in response to nitrogen base explosive (rather than nitric acid) Other chemistry report agent can reside in chemical detector.If detecting other chemistry report agent at detector Variation, then this shows that there are nitrogen base explosives.
In some embodiments, this detection technique can be combined with other chemical detection technique, to provide for examining Survey the method and system of the material of other classification.It is certain peroxide-based quick-fried to detect that it is, for example, possible to use such as luminescent methods Fried object, such as three peroxidating tri acetylacetonates (TATP).
Turning now to attached drawing, Fig. 1 shows the external view of the trace material detection device 100 of embodiment according to the present invention Figure.For example, in some embodiments, device 100 may be embodied as the hand-portable for being able to detect explosive and/or other materials Formula detector.
As shown, device 100 includes shell 102, slot 104, user control 106 and display 108.In various implementations In example, the additional component (for example, further shown in Fig. 2) of device 100 can be distributed in shell 102 internally and/or externally Multiple physical locations.
In operation, sampling media can be made to be physically contacted with one or more surfaces to be measured.For example, in some realities It applies in example, user can reside in table for surface wipes medium (for example, also referred to as " sampling swab ") of interest to collect One or more test substances of trace on face.Then, user inserts media into slot 104, executes additional behaviour later Make and analyzes, as discussed further herein.In some embodiments, suitable substrate (such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) can be used (PTFE), aramid polymer, polyethylene, polyester, paper and/or other materials) implement medium.
In some embodiments, it may be possible to not need using medium, because entrance can be used to vapor phase analyte Surrounding air is directly sampled.Other device can be used analyte is directed in entrance, for example is located in and is divided Analyse air filter/inspissator in the flow path of object.
User control 106 receives user's input with operating device 100.As shown in Figure 1, user control 106 may be embodied as Physical button.In other embodiments, user control 106 can be by one or more keyboards, control-rod, control stick, touch screen And/or other controls are implemented.In some embodiments, user control 150 can be integrated into touch screen with display 108.
Information is presented to the user of device 100 in display 108.It is being shown for example, Fig. 1 is shown in response to being detected material The alert message provided on device 108.In various embodiments, display may be embodied as liquid crystal display (LCD), organic light emission Diode (OLED) display and/or any other display appropriate.
The supplementary features of device 100 are further illustrated in Fig. 2.Fig. 2 shows the dresses of embodiment according to the present invention Set 100 block diagram.Other than several previously discussed components shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2 further illustrates processor 112, deposits Reservoir 114, heater 120, chamber 122, acoustic component 132, communication interface 134, power supply 136, entrance 140, chemical detector 142, pump 144 and other component 138.
Processor 112 may be embodied as one or more microprocessors, microcontroller, system on chip (SoC), dedicated integrated Circuit (ASIC), programmable logic device (PLD) (for example, field programmable gate array (FPGA)), complicated programmable logic device Part (CPLD), field-programmable system on chip (FPSC) or other kinds of programming device) or for control device 100 behaviour Other processing apparatus made.In this respect, processor 112 can execute the machine readable instructions (example being stored in memory 114 Such as, software, firmware or other instructions).
Memory 114 may be embodied as storing the machine readable media of various machine readable instructions and data.For example, one In a little embodiments, operating system 115 and one or more application program 116 can be stored as machine readable finger by memory 114 It enables, which can be read by processor 112 and be run to execute various operations described herein.Memory 114 Various types of data 117 can also be stored, including such as chemical distribution, test sample recognition result and/or by device 100 The other information that various parts are used or provided.In various embodiments, memory 114 may be implemented as with non-transitory side Formula stores such instruction and data and/or can use temporary and non-transitory part to implement, selectively to appoint One mode appropriate stores all or part of these instruction and datas.
Heater 120 may be implemented for needed for being heated to test sample (for example, being provided on sampling swab) One or more heaters (for example, heater 120A, 120B and 120C for further discussing herein) of temperature, so that test Sample is at least partly evaporated to provide the analyte for chemical detection.In some embodiments, heater 120 can be It is configured to heat the resistance heater of test sample, however other configurations can be used in other embodiments.
Chamber 122 provides depression volume in shell 102 and receives the medium being inserted by slit 104.When setting is in chamber When in room 122, medium can be heated by heater 120.
Acoustic component 132 may be implemented as loudspeaker or other energy converters for example with respective actuator circuit, with Audible sound is provided to the user of device 100.For example, in some embodiments, acoustic component 132 can be in response to user control 106 manipulation and/or in response to processor 112 operation and provide audible signal (for example, instruction certain material exist or do not deposit ).
Communication interface 134 may be embodied as being connect with various external device (ED)s to update operating system 115, update using 116 And/or transmission data 117 wiredly and/or wirelessly joint connecting device 100 (for example, by universal serial bus (USB), with Too net, WiFi, bluetooth, honeycomb, infrared, radio and/or other agreements).In some embodiments, communication interface 134 can be with External power supply (for example, power outlet) is connected to power with the battery charging to power supply 136 and/or directly for device 100.
For example, power supply 136 may be embodied as such as battery (allow mobile and long-range use device 100), solar-electricity Source, fuel cell or wall power (wall power).In some embodiments, power supply 136 can be detachable battery.May be used also To be suitably that various types of devices 100 provide other component 138, to support the application-specific operation of for example this device.
Entrance 140, chemical detector 142 and pump 144 are (for example, being embodied based on the detector of transmitting and/or using other Technology) can be used together with heater 120 with provide the pyrolysis haustorium based on swab it is as discussed further herein to execute Material tests based on steam.In some embodiments, entrance 140 can carry out the surrounding air of vapor phase analyte straight Sampling is connect, without the pyrolysis haustorium based on swab.For example, the air from ambient enviroment can be taken directly entrance In 140.
The analyte that Fig. 3 shows embodiment according to the present invention passes through the operating process of device 100.As shown, Medium 300 has been inserted through the slot 104 in shell 102 and is located in chamber 122.Medium 300 includes and is tested The corresponding test sample 301,302 and 303 of three kinds of different materials, pass through user and one or more surfaces of interest coated Medium 300 has picked up these three materials.
As shown, heater 120 is implemented in multiple portions 120A, 120B and 120C.The operation of heater 120 (for example, The control signal provided in response to processor 112) heat 310 is applied to medium 300 and sample 301,302 and 303, it will Their temperature is promoted to desired desorption temperature.In some embodiments, detection temperature can be at about 90 DEG C to about 160 In the range of DEG C, however it can according to need and use higher or lower temperature.
In some embodiments, heater 120A and 120B may be implemented as contacting with medium 300.For example, heater 120A and 120B can mechanically move with by heater 120A and 120B be positioned to contact with medium 300 or close to.
In Fig. 3, test sample 301 is 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), and test sample 302 is nitroglycerin, test Sample 303 is TATP, and all these test samples can suitably partially being detected by chemical detector 144.
In this respect, test sample 301,302 and 303 can be in response to heater 120 apply heat 310 and part Or evaporating completely is to provide the material (for example, the evaporation section for corresponding to test sample 301,302 and 303) of analyte 320. The material of evaporation can show various vapour pressures, which is conducive to pump 144 and chemical detector 142 suitably receives quilt The ability of analyte 320 is (for example, vapour pressure of the RDX at 20 degrees Celsius is 5x10-7It holds in the palm (Torr), TNT is at 20 degrees Celsius Vapour pressure is 2x10-5Support, vapour pressure of the glycerol at 50 DEG C are 2.5 × 10-3Support, vapour pressure of the ethyl alcohol at 20 DEG C are 45 Support).144 operation of pump enters chemical detector 142 so that analyte 320 is sucked through entrance 140.Based on analyte Interaction (for example, executing trace detection) between 320 and chemical detector 142, can determine certain materials of interest Presence.
Figure 4 and 5 show the various views of the chemical detector 142 of devices in accordance with embodiments of the present invention 100.Such as figure Shown, detector 142 includes entrance 140, tip heater 120B, substrate report agent surface 406 (for example, specific showing at these Be embodied as providing the capillary of flow path in embodiment out), sense channel 428 is (for example, in these specific implementations shown Chamber in capillary is embodied as in example), acid catalyst 408, report agent heater 120C, various chemistry report agent 416,418 With 420, light source 412 and 414 (for example, also referred to as excitaton source) associated with chemistry report agent 416 and 418 and with chemistry Report agent 416,418 and 420 associated detector responses 422,424 and 426.
Light source 412 and 414 is optional, because in the chemical detection for the irradiation for not being related to chemistry report agent 416 and 418 Light source is not needed in technology.For example, when chemistry report agent responds material of interest by showing the variation of resistivity When, do not need light source 412 and 414.In this case, the electricity that the response of chemistry report agent is detected by appropriate detector The corresponding change of stream or voltage shows.Accordingly, it is considered to the detection in addition to being related to those of excitation (for example, radiation or light) Technology
As shown, substrate reports that agent surface 406 limits and provides the sense channel of flow path when being embodied as capillary 428, vapor phase analyte 320 passes through the flow path and reacts with acid catalyst 408 and report agent 416,418 with chemistry With 420 interactions.
Analyte 320 can be heated in the inlet by tip heater 120B by entrance 140, analyte 320. Entrance 140 is maintained the temperature for being enough to make analyte 320 to be maintained at vapor phase by tip heater 120B.More specifically, sharp End heater 120B prevents the loss when being advanced through entrance 140 towards chemistry report agent 416,418 and 420 of analyte 320. Pump 144 continues will to have the air of analyte 320 to be pumped into through entrance 140, and providing makes vapor phase analyte 320 from entering The abilities that mouth 140 is moved to sense channel 428 and moves on acid catalyst 408 and chemical detector 416,418 and 420.Report Agent heater 120C heated substrate in road reports the inner surface on agent surface 406, can be agglomerated together with reducing analyte 320 The formation of " cold spot ".In addition, report agent heater 120C helps analyte 320 chemically to report that agent 416,418 and 420 solves It inhales, to improve the subsequent detection of analyte.In some embodiments, sense channel 428 includes initial part 428A, to prevent Chemistry report agent 416,418 and 420 is overheated due to them close to tip heater 120B.
Once analyte 320 is introduced in sense channel 428 beyond initial part 428A, acid catalyst 408 just with Analyte 320 reacts.As shown, acid catalyst 408 shows the shape of coating on substrate report agent surface 406 Formula.For example, the aqueous or alcohol suspension of acid catalyst 408 can be spin-coated on the inside of capillary in liquid form, then by It is dry.In this example, acid catalyst 408 can screw out before sense channel 428, to coat entire the of capillary A part is trimmed to form band.
Fig. 6 shows another chemical detector 145, and acid catalyst 408 shows in the chemical detector to be inserted into Substrate reports the strips of agent surface 406 (being also embodied as capillary), but in the chemical detector of all other aspect and Fig. 4 142 are substantially the same.Therefore, chemical detector 145 is also applied for the discussion of chemical detector 142 herein.
In various embodiments, acid catalyst 408 includes one or more perfluorinated polymers containing sulfonic acid group.Example Such as, acid catalyst 408 may include tetrafluoroethene base fluoropolymer-copolymer of sulfonation, such asAcid catalysis Agent.
Acid catalyst
In other instances, acid catalyst 408 includes the copolymer of tetrafluoroethene and sulphonyl fluorovinyl ether, such asAcid catalyst.
Acid catalyst
Other compounds with low-vapor pressure can be used, the highly acid side group including being connected to chain main chain.For example, Ion exchange resin based on macroporous polystyrene is (such asCatalyst) it may be used as acid catalyst 408.Properly Another example of acid catalyst 408 be polystyrolsulfon acid.
In some embodiments, acid catalyst 408 includes one or more acid selected from the group being made of the following terms: sulphur Acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, hydroiodic acid, hydrobromic acid, nitric acid, oxalic acid, disulfate, phosphoric acid, formic acid, benzoic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid or The organic acid of other R-COOH forms, wherein R is alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl or substituted aryl or at least one other Cationic donor.
It is desirable that acid catalyst 408 not contributes nitric acid precursor hydrolysis at nitric acid, and to the molecule of vapor phase.? In some embodiments, this can be by using acid (electronegative group retained after proton is supplied to counter ion counterionsl gegenions Point) Lai Shixian, this acid is under the operating temperature of chemical detector 142 with sufficiently low vapour pressure.
In various embodiments, acid catalyst 408 promotes test sample 302 and test sample 303 to report respectively with chemistry The interaction of agent 418 and 420.Acid catalyst 408 enhances the performance of chemistry report agent 418 and 420 (for example, with appropriate What sequence provides), cause quickly to generate detectable response at detector response 424 and 426.For example, acid catalyst 408 The hydrolysis rate that test sample 302 can be increased causes chemistry report agent 418 to detect to the faster response of nitric acid and in response Faster response of the detection chemistry report agent 418 to nitric acid at device 424.Acid catalyst 408 can also promote test sample 303 to degrade For hydrogen peroxide, hydrogen peroxide can provide detectable with chemistry report agent 420 interaction and at detector response 426 Response.
After interacting with acid catalyst 408, analyte 320 is in each chemistry report agent 416,418 and 420 It is mobile.In some embodiments, the agent 416,418 and 420 of chemistry report can place in any order.In addition, although in Fig. 4 and Discrete portions are shown as in Fig. 6, but in some embodiments, chemistry report agent 416,418 and 420 can be in contact with each other and/ Or it can be stacked on one another.
In this example, the agent 416 of chemistry report is operable to detect certain military explosives, and can be referred to as " military explosives chemistry reports agent ".In some embodiments, the agent 416 of military explosives chemistry report includes amplification fluorescence polymerization Object or other military chemistry report agent.The intensity response of the light emitted by amplifying fluorescent polymer is in amplifying fluorescent polymer and quilt The interaction of analyte 320 and change.
For example, many polymer repeat units of the combined quenching of an analyte molecule and amplifying fluorescent polymer Transmitting.Therefore, when analyte of interest is fallen on polymer binding site, in conjunction with analyte near it is many poly- The absorption light as fluorescence will not be emitted by closing object repetitive unit.As a result, polymer fluorescent is considered through analyte molecule It adsorbs and " being quenched ".
In various embodiments, the report agent 416 of military explosives chemistry and the light source 412 and response with relevant wavelength Detector 422 (for example, fluorescence detector) is associated.Light source 412 (for example, LED) transmitting is mutual with amplifying fluorescent polymer The light 413 of the wavelength of effect, so that amplifying fluorescent polymer generates transmitting.In certain embodiments, wavelength is about 400nm (example Such as, 365nm).In some embodiments, light source 412 only irradiates the military explosives chemistry report comprising amplifying fluorescent polymer The part of road agent 416.Detector response 422 (for example, photodiode) is positioned to receive by amplifying fluorescent polymer generation Transmitting, to detect the presence of one or more analytes 320.As shown in figure 5, in some embodiments, light source 412 and response Detector 422 is oriented not in range of visibility, such as is separated by 90 degree.Which ensure that detector response 422 does not capture by shining The light that bright source 412 emits, so that detector response 422 mainly captures the transmitting generated by amplifying fluorescent polymer.It is susceptible to shine Other of bright source 412 and detector response 422 arrangement, and light source 412 and detector response 422 can be with any desired Configuration positioning (for example, very close in some embodiments or total position).For purposes of clarity, entrance not shown in FIG. 5 140。
The example that the analyte that agent 416 detects can be reported by military explosives chemistry is TNT (for example, test sample And nitroglycerin (for example, test sample 302) 301).Disclosing in United States Patent (USP) No.6,558,626 can be detected Other substances, the patent is in clearly refer to and being fully incorporated herein in a manner of quoting.
In instances, the agent 418 of chemistry report is operable to detect certain nitrogen base explosives, such as nitric acid precursor, such as Nitroglycerin (for example, test sample 302), and " agent of nitric acid chemical report " can be referred to as.In some embodiments, nitric acid Chemistry report agent 418 includes sensitive (for example, acid-sensitive) fluorescent chemicals of pH.Suitable fluorescent chemicals are 2- [5- first Oxygroup -2- (4- phenyl-quinolin -2- base)-phenyl]-ethyl alcohol, by following representation:
Other suitable fluorescent chemicals are disclosed in United States Patent (USP) No.9,068,960, and the patent is by clearly referring to In being fully incorporated herein in a manner of quoting.The fluorescent chemicals of nitric acid chemical report agent 418 add deduct to the increasing of the response of light The presence of nitric acid (and nitric acid precursor) has been determined less.For example, when nitric acid is reacted with the fluorescent chemicals of nitric acid chemical report agent 418 When, the variation of fluorescence response intensity will occur for fluorescent chemicals.
Nitric acid chemical reports agent 418 and irradiation source 414 and detector response 424 with relevant wavelength (such as 365nm) (such as fluorescence detector) is associated.Light source 414 (for example, LED) emits the light 415 of certain wavelength, the light and nitric acid chemical The fluorescent chemicals interaction for reporting agent 418, so that fluorescent chemicals generate transmitting.Detector response 424 is positioned to receive The transmitting generated by the fluorescent chemicals of nitric acid chemical report agent 418, to detect the presence of nitric acid.Detector response 424 detects Variation to the fluorescent chemicals response of nitric acid chemical report agent 418, so that it is determined that the presence of nitric acid precursor.414 He of light source Detector response 424 can be positioned at beyond the invisible, as shown in Figure 5.
In some embodiments, it can report that the fluorescent chemicals of agent 418 establish initial communication base first for nitric acid chemical Line.In order to establish the baseline response that nitric acid chemical reports the fluorescent chemicals of agent 418, user activates light source 414 and heater 120A, 120B and 120C, so that each heater and light source be allowed to reach operating condition.Then, user will be free of and be divided Substrate report agent surface 406 (being embodied as capillary in the shown embodiment) of analysis object 320 is supplied to irradiation source 414 and response inspection Device 424 is surveyed, to generate the detectable response of the fluorescent chemicals from nitric acid chemical report agent 418.Therefore, it is produced by the process Raw any response is not influenced by nitric acid, and can be used for detecting whether response changes.
In instances, the agent 420 of chemistry report is operable to detect certain peroxide-based explosives, such as peroxidating Object precursor such as TATP (for example, test sample 303), and can be referred to as " agent of peroxide chemical report ".In some implementations Example in, peroxide chemical report agent 420 include shine peroxide reactions compound and with 426 (example of detector response Such as, fluorescence detector) it is associated.It is suitble to the luminescent material used to can be any luminescent material, including dyestuff, oligomer, poly- Close object and combinations thereof.Luminescent material be can choose to show certain properties, such as specific launch wavelength, high quantum production rate, height Export light efficiency (when preparing in peroxide reactions system) and/or the compatibility with one or more components of the system (for example, dissolubility).The other details about luminescent material can be found in United States Patent (USP) No.9,005,524, the patent is logical It crosses in clearly referring to and being fully incorporated herein in a manner of quoting.
Peroxide reactions material response shine in the hydrogen peroxide generated by peroxide precursor, to generate photon hair Penetrate the energy of form.In some embodiments, gained energy can be with stimulating light emission peroxide reactions material emission, to send out Penetrate luminous energy.Generated transmitting can be detected by detector response 426, the detector response signal hydrogen peroxide (and Peroxide precursor) presence.
Fig. 7 shows the process of the operating device 100 of embodiment according to the present invention.In frame 700, user is by medium 300 stick on test surfaces (for example, packaging, luggage case, clothes or other articles) to obtain and reside on test surfaces The corresponding one or more test samples (for example, test sample 301,302 and 303, as shown in Figure 3) of trace material.
In frame 705, medium 300 is inserted through slot 104 and entered in chamber 122 by user, as shown in Figure 3.In frame In 710, heater 120 applies heat 310 to medium 300 and test sample 301,302 and 303.In various embodiments, it handles Device 112 can operate heater 120 to the operation of one or more user controls 106 in response to user and/or in response to being situated between Matter 300 is inserted into chamber 122 and is automatically brought into operation heater.
In frame 715, test sample 301,302 and 303 is at least partly evaporated, with what is applied in response to heater 120 Heat 310 provides analyte 320.In various embodiments, the two sides of medium 300 are applied heat to, as shown in Figure 3.
In some embodiments, such as when vapor phase analyte is taken directly from ambient enviroment into entrance 140, Medium 300 and chamber 122 are not needed.In such embodiments, it is convenient to omit frame 705,710 and 715, and the process of Fig. 7 It can be since frame 720.
In frame 720,144 operation of pump passes through entrance 140 to extract analyte 320.In frame 725, analyte 320 It is received by chemical detector 142, as shown in Figure 3.
In frame 730, presence of the chemistry report agent in response to analyte 320.For example, military explosives chemistry reports agent 416 can be in response to the part of analyte 320 corresponding with test sample 301 and 302, and nitric acid chemical reports that agent 418 can be with In response to the part of analyte 320 corresponding with test sample 302, and peroxide chemical report agent 420 can respond In the part of analyte 320 corresponding with test sample 303.
In frame 735, response of the chemistry report agent to analyte 320 is detected.For example, detector response 422 detects army Response with the report agent 416 of explosive chemistry to the part of analyte 320 corresponding with test sample 301 and 302, response inspection It surveys device 424 and detects response of the nitric acid chemical report agent 418 to the part of analyte 320 corresponding with test sample 302, and Detector response 426 detects peroxide chemical report agent 420 to the part of analyte 320 corresponding with test sample 303 Response.
In frame 740, processor 112 determines whether to deposit based on the response that detector response 422,424 and 426 detects In material of interest.In frame 750, for example, the message by being provided by display 108 and/or figure, by acoustic component 132 The result of frame 740 is supplied to user by the audible notification of offer and/or other technologies appropriate.
Fig. 8 shows one or more frames in the embodiment using transmitting (for example, fluorescence and shine) technology in Fig. 7 The more procedural details executed during 725-735.It is susceptible to other detection techniques in the present invention (for example, the change of resistivity Change).In frame 800, acid catalyst 408 is reacted with a part of analyte 320, including vapor phase nitric acid precursor is (for example, right It should be in test sample 302).Referring back to Fig. 4, analyte 320 is inhaled into sense channel 428, and acid catalysis by pump 144 Agent 408 reacts with analyte 320.In frame 805, vapor phase nitric acid precursor is hydrolyzed in the presence of acid catalyst 408 To provide nitric acid.In frame 810, acid catalyst 408 with include vapor phase peroxide precursor (for example, correspond to test sample 303) a part reaction of analyte 320 is to form hydrogen peroxide.
In frame 815, irradiation military explosives chemistry reports agent 416.In Fig. 4, military explosives chemistry reports agent 416 It is irradiated by light source 412.In frame 820, the report agent 416 of military explosives chemistry is detected at detector response 422 to including The response of the part of the analyte 320 of vapor phase nitric acid precursor.For example, the report agent 416 of military explosives chemistry can respond Nitric acid precursor is to generate the variation of the fluorescence response detected by detector response 422.In various embodiments, military explosives Journal road agent 416 can report agent 416 by quenching military explosives chemistry to respond nitric acid precursor.
In frame 825, nitric acid chemical reports agent 418 in response to the nitric acid of the hydrolysis generation by acid catalyzed nitric acid precursor. For example, the nitric acid formed after nitric acid precursor is exposed to acid catalyst 408 encounters nitric acid chemical report agent 418.In frame 830 In, irradiation nitric acid chemical reports agent 418.As shown in figure 4, light source 414, which irradiates nitric acid chemical, reports agent 418.
In frame 835, response of the nitric acid chemical report agent 418 to nitric acid is detected at detector response 424.For example, nitre Interaction between acid and nitric acid chemical report agent 418 can lead to the nitric acid chemical report agent 418 of the detection of detector response 424 Variation.In various embodiments, response and nitrification journal of the processor 112 based on the report agent 416 of military explosives chemistry The response of road agent 418 whether there is specific material of interest (for example, nitric acid precursor) to determine in test sample.
In some embodiments, the variation of nitric acid chemical report agent 418 can report agent 416 with military explosives chemistry Variation combination is more definitely to determine that there are nitric acid precursors in test sample.In addition, in some embodiments, can relatively and point Analysis reports the opposite of agent 416 by the received nitric acid chemical report agent 418 of detector response 424 and 422 and military explosives chemistry Response (for example, passing through the processor 112 in frame 740), to identify one or more materials of interest.In this respect, some Material of interest comprising nitric acid precursor can cause to report agent 418 (for example, in response to acid catalyst 408 by nitric acid chemical With nitric acid precursors reaction formed nitric acid) and military explosives chemistry report agent 416 (for example, in response to military explosives report The nitric acid precursor analyte itself that road agent 416 makes a response) show different relative responses.Therefore, these are different Relative response can permit identifies various materials of interest (for example, by using two kinds with further particularity and accuracy Different chemistry report agent 416 and 418).
In the block 840, peroxide chemical report agent 420 is in response to by the anti-of peroxide precursor and acid catalyst 408 The hydrogen peroxide that should be generated.In frame 845, peroxide chemical report agent 420 is detected at detector response 426 to peroxidating The response of hydrogen.For example, the interaction between hydrogen peroxide and peroxide chemical report agent 420 can cause to be responded detection The luminescence response for the peroxide chemical report agent 420 that device 426 detects.
Fig. 9 shows the chart of the more various chemical detection techniques of embodiment according to the present invention.It shows in band With suspension formNitric acid chemical reports response of the agent 418 to EGDN and PETN in the presence of acid catalyst Compare.
Item 910 and 940 shows the nitric acid chemical when the downstream of nitric acid chemical report agent 418 is arranged in acid catalyst 408 Report response of the agent 418 to nitrate (such as EGDN and PETN) and the response in lesser degree to nitramine (such as RDX). In other words, acid catalyst does not react before interacting with nitric acid chemical report agent 418 with nitrate or nitramine.This causes The response of nitrate or nitramine is relatively low and detectability is low.
In contrast, when the upstream of nitric acid chemical report agent 418 is arranged in acid catalyst 408 (for example, such as the institute of Fig. 4 and 6 Show), nitric acid chemical report agent 418 dramatically increases the response of nitrate or nitramine, as shown in item 900,920,930 and 950.Item 920 and 950 show, with stripsAcid catalyst (item 900 and 930) is compared, and suspension form is used 'sAcid catalyst has the detectability improved.
In view of the present invention, it should be understood that provide device and correlation technique and detect and closed to use acid-catalyzed hydrolysis The presence of the corresponding trace chemicals of the material of note.Chemistry report agent is increased to certain materials of interest using acid catalyst The response of (such as nitrogen base and peroxide-based explosive).In addition, agent is reported by using a variety of chemistry, it can be with higher standard Exactness identifies various materials of interest.
As discussed, in some embodiments, can be provided in the flow path of chemical detector acid catalyst with It reacts with various materials of interest.This reaction provides the nitre that agent detection can be reported by one or more downstream chemicals Acid.In some cases, acid catalyst can be physically located in flow path itself (for example, as material bands), such as Shown in Fig. 6.
Therefore, according to embodiments described herein, multiple technologies are provided by memory material component to utilize the component Certain unique expansion characteristics convenience and reliable way be fixed in flow path.For example, the component can be it is variable Shape component, the deformable component are configured in response to applied stimulation and transform back into stationary state or centre from deformation state State.
Although the memory material component implemented by memory polymer material is mainly discussed herein, it is contemplated that other classes The memory material component of type, for example, metal, foam, cellulose and/or other.Similarly, although Spurs has been discussed herein primarily Swash, but it is also contemplated that other kinds of stimulation, such as Chemical exposure (for example, being exposed to water, alcohol or other chemicals), hydration Effect, electromagnetism excitation (e.g., including optical signalling), electric signal and/or can be together with any memory material component appropriate Other stimulations used.
By utilizing these features in various unique embodiments, memory material component can be effectively inserted into simultaneously It is fixed in the flow path with any required geometry.Although mainly showing and describing under the background of chemical detector These technologies, but these technologies can be usefully applied to any desired embodiment, in these embodiments may be used It can it is expected to be fixed on component in the structure with the internal cavity limited by internal side wall.
In addition, carrying out fixation member by using these technologies, which can be maintained at the required position in flow path The trend set, and resistance is migrated downward into or removed along flow path, for example, in response to external physical power, flow path Interior Fluid pressure, temperature change and/or other factors.
About the concrete condition for the memory material component implemented by memory polymer, memory polymer is can be in response to applying Heating amount and transform back into the poly- of stationary state (or being partially returned to intermediate state as discussed further herein) from deformation state Close object material.For example, initially can be provided in this material under stationary state (for example, normal or nature), the static shape State has initial rest state geometry at room temperature.Then, which can be changed into deformation state (for example, by applying Reinforcing, pressure, Chemical exposure (for example, being exposed to water, alcohol or other chemicals), aquation, electromagnetism excitation are (for example, packet Include optical signalling), electric signal and/or other technologies), which has the deformation state for continuing to be maintained at room temperature Geometry.Then, the material of deformation can be inserted into flow path, then (or be discussed herein various by heating One of stimulation is a variety of) it stimulates.In response to heat, it is several that material will transform back into stationary state from deformation state geometry What shape.
If original width is presented in stationary state geometry, different in width can be presented in deformation state geometry (for example, stretching together or in another direction if material has been compressed in, width is smaller).In response to heat, deformation Material will transit back to the original static stationary state geometry with original width.Therefore, in some cases, the width of material can To reduce in response to deformation operation, and increase in response to heat.
It is worth noting that, if there is the deformable material for reducing width to be located at width less than stationary state geometry In the enclosure space of width, then applies heat and will lead to deformable material and start to transform back into stationary state geometry.But if The short of width of enclosure space is to accommodate the width of stationary state solid, then material will be unable to completely return to stationary state. On the contrary, material will start the wall of adjacent enclosure space and rest on intermediate state, it is several that the width of the intermediate state is greater than deformation What shape but it is less than stationary state geometry.
Advantageously, this arrangement can permit material and be resisted against envelope in response to caused the abutting of heat expansion by it It closes on the side wall in space.It is worth noting that, after the material cooled down, material remains intermediate geometry.In addition, further Heating and cooling cycle not will lead to material deformation (for example, reducing its width).In fact, in some embodiments, it is this to follow Ring can make material by its attempt to expand back to stationary state geometry the side wall of enclosure space is applied it is even more big Power.
Advantageously, these characteristics can be used for for the component made of memory material being fixed in flow path.This is having It is particularly advantageous in the case where the small flow path for having relatively narrow width, otherwise will need to introduce additional material or machinery Feature carrys out wherein fixation member.
In some embodiments, memory material can be memory polymer material, and memory polymer material is also and chemistry The acid catalyst that the flow path of detector is used together.For example, in some cases, memory polymer material can be used for root According to the fixed acid catalyst of embodiment shown in Fig. 6.In some cases, memory polymer material can be sulfonated tertafluorethylene Base fluoropolymer-copolymer.For example, memory polymer material can be and in some cases can be advantageously used(being 1 to two year or longer because its shelf-life is longer).
In some embodiments, memory material can be provided with various physical forms.For example, in some cases, it can To be provided as memory material strips.In some cases, adhesive can be provided to help to maintain required structure or fit It should include other material.
Although, should there is discussed herein the specific memory polymer material for the flow path for being mainly used for chemical detector Understand, any kind of memory material (for example, metal, foam, cellulose and/or the other materials discussed) can with it is any The flow path or enclosure space of type be used together (such as, if mentioned as a part of chemical detector or other purposes For).
Figure 10 shows the structure 1050 of the offer flow path 1030 of embodiment according to the present invention, memory material component 1000 are maintained in flow path.As shown in Figure 10, structure 1050 can be chemical detector (such as chemical detector 142) Capillary (for example, being in some embodiments silanization capillary glass).Structure 1050 include flow path 1030 (for example, Sense channel), which corresponds to the internal chamber limited by the internal side wall 1020 of structure 1050 and has diameter 1010 (for example, width).In some embodiments, it is smooth to can be flame polish for the end 1095 and 1096 of structure 1050, This can reduce the internal diameter 1010 of flow path 1030 output and input at hole at end 1095 and 1096 respectively.
In some embodiments, side wall 1020 can be implemented by continuous inner surface, to provide as shown in the figure substantially Cylindrical flow path 1030.In other embodiments, side wall 1020 can be implemented by multiple surfaces and/or other shapes, By to flow path 1030 provide any desired shape or in the form of (for example, modified side wall, diameter and/or direction).
Also as shown, one or more chemistry report agent 1060 are arranged in structure 1050, and can such as root Implement according to any various chemistry report agent embodiments being discussed herein.When as detection device (for example, detection device 100) When a part operation, structure 1050 receives air and various analytes 1040 (for example, in response to being discussed from entrance 140 One or more test sample 301-303).According to various embodiments provided herein, analyte can with component 1000 and/ Or any chemistry report agent 1060 is reacted.
In Figure 10, component 1000 is fixed on flowing road by the tension applied by component 1000 against side wall 1020 In diameter 1030.In this respect, Figure 10, which is shown, is changed into diameter less than diameter in the stationary state for being greater than diameter 1010 from width It is inserted into after 1010 deformation state and in component and heats to be converted in flow path 1030 from deformation state The component 1000 of installation is completed after the intermediate state in transverse direction with the width limited by diameter 1010 in structure 1050.? The diameter of component 1000 in a lateral direction is limited to flow path against the adjoining of side wall 1020 by this respect, component 1000 1030 diameter 1010.
Structure 1050 and component 1000 can be implemented with the various sizes for being suitable for specific application.For example, in some chemistry In detector embodiment: structure 1050 has the outer diameter 1090 and 0.6mm+/- 0.05mm (0.024 English of 5.0mm (0.197 inch) Very little +/- 0.002 inch) internal diameter 1010；At room temperature under stationary state, the length of component 1000 is 0.375 inch, and width is 0.001 inch to 0.009 inch, greater than the internal diameter 1010 of structure 1050；At room temperature under deformation state, the width of component 1000 It is 0.001 inch to 0.003 inch, it is smaller than the internal diameter 1010 of structure 1050.Adjustable above-mentioned size and configuration are each to adapt to Kind tolerance, and be contemplated that other sizes and be configured to other embodiments.
Component 1000 can be positioned laterally on any desired position in flow path 1030 for various applications.Example Such as, in some embodiments, component 1000 can shift 0.375 inch from end 1095, as shown in Figure 10.In other embodiments In, component 1000 can be located at end 1095.Other positions can be suitably used.
Various types of deformation operations can be executed to component 1000, so that it is converted to deformation state from stationary state, As further discussed about Figure 11 and Figure 15.Although certain deformation operations are individually described and are described with certain combinations, However, it should be understood that any desired deformation operation combination can be executed.For example, in some embodiments, can sequentially and/ Or simultaneously execute multiple deformation operations.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 10, component 1000 is deformed by torsion.In this respect, Figure 11 shows root According to the embodiment of the present invention by reversing the process for deforming memory material component 1100.Component 1100 is initially as piece of tape Material provides, and is greater than the diameter 1010 of flow path 1030 in stationary state 1100A, width 1110A.In some embodiments, In stationary state 1100A, component 1100 can have 0.375 inch of length and 0.025 inch of width 1110A.
Then the deformation of component 1100 is made to be less than flow path 1030 to be converted to have from stationary state 1100A by torsion Diameter 1010 width 1110B deformation state 1100B, to allow component 1100 to be inserted into (example in flow path 1030 Such as, it is shown in broken lines).The twist operation of any desired type can be executed.For example, in some embodiments, component 1100 can To be twisted to that the circle of per inch 16 to 20 is presented in deformation state 1100B.
Then component 1100 be inserted into flow path 1030 and as discussed above heating and/or otherwise Stimulation is to be converted to intermediate state 1100C from deformation state 1100B, in intermediate state, the adjacent flow path 1030 of component Side wall 1020 and have width 1110C corresponding with the diameter 1010 of flow path 1030.In some embodiments, heating is gone back It can make at least partly untwisting of component 1100, as shown in intermediate state 1100C.However, side wall 1020 will prevent component 1100 Complete untwisting, component 1100 will be securely wedged against in flow path 1030.
Figure 12 shows the process for deforming memory material component 1200 by expansion of embodiment according to the present invention.Portion Part 1200 is provided initially as the stripping for the 1200A that remains static, and the width 1210A of stripping is greater than flow path 1030 diameter 1010.In some embodiments, in stationary state 1200A, component 1200 can have 0.375 inch extremely 0.75 inch of length and 0.028 inch of width 1210A.
Then the deformation of component 1200 is made to be less than flow path 1030 to be converted to have from stationary state 1200A by stretching Diameter 1010 width 1210B deformation state 1200B, to allow component 1200 to be inserted into flow path 1030.It can To execute the stretched operation of any desired type.For example, in some embodiments, can longitudinal pull parts 1200 with elongation Mode stretches.In some embodiments, this stretching can make the length of component 1200 be increased up to its original length 200%.
Then component 1200 be inserted into flow path 1030 and as discussed above heating and/or otherwise Stimulation is to be converted to intermediate state 1200C from deformation state 1200B, in intermediate state, the adjacent flow path 1030 of component Side wall 1020 and have width 1210C corresponding with the diameter 1010 of flow path 1030.In some embodiments, heating is gone back Component 1200 can be made at least partly to shorten, while also increasing width, as shown in intermediate state 1200C.However, side wall 1020 It will prevent component 1200 from shortening completely, component 1200 will be securely wedged against in flow path 1030.
Figure 13 show embodiment according to the present invention by be unfolded and reverse make memory material component 1300 deform Process.Component 1300 is provided initially as the stripping for the 1300A that remains static, and the width 1310A of stripping is greater than The diameter 1010 of flow path 1030.In some embodiments, in stationary state 1300A, component 1300 can have 0.375 Inch is to 0.75 inch of length and 0.028 inch of width 1310A.
Then the deformation of component 1300 is made to be less than width to be converted to have from stationary state 1300A by stretching and torsion The deformation state 1300B of the width 1310B of 1310A, to allow component 1300 to be inserted into flow path 1030.In various realities It applying in example, can according to need in one or more sequences and/or simultaneously in deformation operation as discussed about Figure 11 and 12 Stretching and torsion are executed like that.In some embodiments, component 1300 can be twisted to present in deformation state 1300B every Inch 20 to 25 circle.In some embodiments, this stretching and torsion can make the length of component 1200 be increased up to its original The 150% of length or 200%.
Then component 1300 be inserted into flow path 1030 and as discussed above heating and/or otherwise Stimulation is to be converted to intermediate state 1300C from deformation state 1300B, in intermediate state, the adjacent flow path 1030 of component Side wall 1020 and have width 1310C corresponding with the diameter 1010 of flow path 1030.Similar to being discussed in Figure 11 and 12 Embodiment, heating can also be such that component 1200 at least partly untwisting and at least partly shortens, such as intermediate state 1200C It is shown.However, side wall 1020 will prevent the complete untwisting of component 1300 and shorten completely, component 1300 will be securely wedged against flowing In path 1030.
Figure 14 shows the process for making the deformation of memory material component 1400 by compressing of embodiment according to the present invention.Portion Part 1400 is provided initially as the stripping for the 1400A that remains static, and the width 1410A of stripping is greater than flow path 1030 diameter 1010.
Then, component 1400 is deformed by compression, is less than flow path to be converted to have from stationary state 1400A The deformation state 1400B of the width 1410B of 1030 diameter 1010, to allow component 1100 to be inserted into flow path 1030 In.The squeeze operation of any desired type can be executed.For example, in some embodiments, component 1400 can be pressed by power It shortens the wrinkle under deformation state 1400B into, fold or rub the deformed shape of pleat (wadded up), to allow to be inserted into flowing road In diameter 1030.In some embodiments, component 1400 can be pre-stretched and/or otherwise deform, then by power its It is further compressed.
Then component 1400 be inserted into flow path 1030 and as discussed above heating and/or otherwise Stimulation is to be converted to intermediate state 1400C from deformation state 1400B, in intermediate state, the adjacent flow path 1030 of component Side wall 1020 and have width 1410C corresponding with the diameter 1010 of flow path 1030.
Figure 15 shows the process for making the deformation of memory material component 1500 by being bent of embodiment according to the present invention.Portion Part 1500 is provided initially as the stripping for the 1500A that remains static, and the width 1510A of stripping is greater than flow path 1030 diameter 1010.In some embodiments, in stationary state 1500A, component 1500 can have 0.375 inch of length Degree and 0.021 inch of width 1510A.
Then, component 1500 is deformed by bending to be converted to width 1510B from stationary state 1500A and be approximately equal to The deformation state 1500B of the diameter 1010 of flow path 1030, to allow component 1100 to be inserted into flowing in a manner of press-fitting In path 1030, thus therefore the side wall 1020 of adjacent flow path 1030 is simultaneously maintained in flow path 1030.It can execute The bending operation of any desired type.For example, in some embodiments, it can be with bending part 1500 to introduce one or more turn round It ties (kink), such as with the kink 1520 shown in deformation state 1500B.Then component 1500 is inserted into flow path 1030 In, and can according to need the further operation of execution.
Figure 16 shows embodiment according to the present invention memory material component 1000 is fixed in flow path 1030 Process.Although will be about 1000 General Discussion Figure 16 of memory material component, but it is to be understood that the various operations of Figure 16 can be with It is executed about any one of memory material component 1000,1100,1200,1300,1400 and/or 1500.
In frame 1610, component 1000 is provided with stationary state, and diameter of the component under the stationary state is greater than flowing road The diameter 1010 of diameter 1030.For example, in some embodiments, component 1000, which may be provided as, to be not yet heated or deformsBand.
In some embodiments, can execute one or more operations to cut, trim, it is individualized and/or with its other party Formula provides the component 1000 of desired size, either still otherwise as a part of frame 1610.For example, in various realities Apply in example, such operation can be executed in any desired time, for example, before any operation of Figure 16, period and/or Later.For example, in some embodiments, a part of component 1000 as block memory material can be provided in frame 1610, Then, after one or more deformation operations of frame 1615, component 1000 is cut (example from block materials in frame 1623 Such as, be cut into certain size), with allow larger size wait be pre-stretched or the component of pre torqued, it is small to be then cut into width In the size of the diameter 1010 of flow path 1030.
In frame 1615, as discussed, one or more deformation operations are executed to component 1000.As a result, in frame 1620 In, as discussed, component 1000 is converted to deformation shape of the diameter less than the diameter 1010 of flow path 1030 from stationary state State.
As discussed, in some embodiments, component 1000 can be provided in frame 1610 and be used as block memory material A part (for example, the bigger piece of the memory material of component 1000, item or other physical embodiments can be provided).At this Aspect can execute one or more deformation operations of frame 1615 to block memory material.Therefore, in some embodiments, may be used To execute the additional operations from block memory material cutting section 1000 in frame 1623.
In frame 1625, deformation component 1000 is inserted into the flow path 1625 of structure 1050.In frame 1630, apply Add stimulation.As discussed, this stimulation can provide in a variety of manners, for example hot, Chemical exposure is (for example, be exposed to water, wine Essence or other chemicals), aquation, electromagnetism excitation (e.g., including optical signalling), electric signal and/or other stimulations.Cause This, it is envisioned that multiple stimulation applications can be executed in some embodiments.
For example, in some embodiments, structure 1050 can be applied heat to, while it is inserted into the holding of component 1000 Into flow path 1030, so that structure 1050 and component 1000 be made all to be heated.In this respect, structure 1050 can be by elasticity Material is made, which keeps its shape, while also transferring heat to the component 1000 resided therein.In some realities It applies in example, heat can be only applied topically to a part of structure 1050, to prevent from damaging chemistry report agent 1060 and/or knot The other parts of structure 1050.In some embodiments, for example, being added by one or more orientations in insertion flow path 1030 Heat can be specifically directed to component 1000 by thermal element.
In the case where thermostimulation, various temperature ranges can be used.For example, in some embodiments, it can be by component 1000 transform back into intermediate state or quiet from deformation state since room temperature (for example, 20 DEG C to 25 DEG C) is heated to that component 1000 will be made The only temperature of state.Include in component 1000Embodiment in, the heating temperature can be for example at 90 DEG C extremely In the range of 140 DEG C, and it can apply such as 10 minutes to 30 minutes (or shorter or longer).Other temperature and correlation Time can be suitably used for other kinds of memory material.For example, in some embodiments, it can be by directly heating component 1000 come using considerably shorter heating time (for example, 1 to 10 second), such as by the way that the gas of heating is introduced into flow path In 1030.
In response to the stimulation applied, in frame 1635, component 1000 is converted to be increased with the deformation state than being discussed The intermediate state of the width added.As a result, in frame 1640, as discussed, the side wall 1020 of 1000 abutment structure 1050 of component. Therefore, in frame 1645, component 1000 is fixed on flowing road by the tension applied by component 1000 against side wall 1020 In diameter 1030.Therefore, component be maintained in flow path 1030 and can reliably be used without unexpected translation or It is moved in flow path 1030.
In some embodiments, other manufacturing operation can be executed so that the preparation of structure 1050 makes in chemical detector With.For example, structure 1050 and component 1000 can be maintained at intermediate state to allow applied stimulation to disappear in frame 1650 It moves back.For example, in the case where thermostimulation, it can be with cooling structure 1050 and component 1000.In frame 1655, can provide one or Multiple components, coating and/or other features, such as chemistry report agent.It in some embodiments, can be in any desired time Such feature is provided, such as before, during and/or after any operation of Figure 16.In frame 1660, component 1050 is added It is added to detection device, than detection device 100 as discussed herein.In frame 1665, according to various techniques described herein come Operate detection device.
In view of the present invention, it should be understood that provide and manufacture, implement and provide in flow path in efficient and useful mode Component improved technology.It, can be by component by selectively deforming and stimulating memory material component as discussed above It is effectively fixed and is maintained in flow path.As discussed, this technology especially suitable for diameter flow path without Potential chemical contamination or unpractical mechanical requirements can be introduced, and these diameter flow paths are otherwise not suitable for In traditional attachment technology.
In addition, by using the memory material component comprising memory polymer material (and acid catalyst), it is described herein The operation of various chemical detections the chemical structure of memory polymer component can be used to execute, to detect various materials of interest Material, at the same also using the material structure characteristic of component with component is maintained to discussed flow path in.
It is contemplated that arriving other embodiments.For example, although about having been discussed by the flowing of the air of chemical detector Various applications, idea of the invention disclosure herein can be equally applicable to any desired fluid flow path (for example, gas Body fluid flowing or process flows flowing) and any desired type device (e.g., including various types of detectors or other Device or system).
Under applicable circumstances, it is provided by the invention to implement that the combination of hardware, software or hardware and software can be used Various embodiments.Equally under applicable circumstances, without departing from the spirit of the invention, various hardware set forth herein Component and/or software component can be combined into the composite component including software, hardware and/or the two.Under applicable circumstances, exist Without departing from the spirit of the invention, various hardware componenies and/or software component set forth herein are segmented into including soft The subassembly of part, hardware or both.In addition, under applicable circumstances, it is envisioned that software component may be embodied as hardware component, instead ?.
Software (such as program code and/or data) according to the present invention can store in one or more non-transitory machines On device readable medium.It is contemplated that the software identified to herein can be used one or more general or specialized computers and/or Computer system (networking and/or otherwise implementation) executes.Under applicable circumstances, The various steps described herein is suitable Sequence can be changed, be combined into composite steps, and/or be divided into sub-step to provide features described herein.
Above-described embodiment illustrates but does not limit the present invention.It should also be understood that principle according to the present invention can carry out many Modifications and variations.Therefore, the scope of the present invention is only determined by the claims that follow.

Claims (20)

1. a kind of method, which comprises
The memory material component to remain static is provided；
Deformation operation is executed so that the component is converted to deformation state from the stationary state；
The component is inserted into the flow path limited by the internal side wall of structure；And
Apply stimulation so that the component is converted to intermediate state from the deformation state, in the intermediate state, the component The adjacent side wall is the component to be fixed in the flow path.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein, the component in the stationary state is shown greater than the stream First width of the internal diameter in dynamic path, and wherein, the component in the deformation state is shown less than the inside Second width of diameter.
3. according to the method described in claim 2, wherein, the component in the intermediate state is shown described first Third width between width and second width.
4. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein, the application stimulation includes heating the component.
5. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein, the deformation operation includes: torsion, stretching, compression and/or bending institute State component.
6. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein:
The component is provided as a part of block memory material；
The deformation operation is executed on the block memory material；And
The method also includes cutting off the component of the deformation from the block memory material before the insertion.
7. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein, the component includes the solid-state band of memory material.
8. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein, the component includes memory material and adhesive.
9. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein, the structure is the capillary of general cylindrical.
10. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein:
The component includes the memory polymer material containing acid catalyst, and the memory polymer material is configured to receive steaming Gas phase nitric acid precursor passes through the flow path and makes the vapor phase nitric acid precursor hydrolysis to form nitric acid；And
The structure includes the chemical detector in response to the nitric acid to determine whether there is material of interest.
11. a kind of device, described device includes the note by being fixed in flow path according to the method for claim 1 Recall material components.
12. a kind of device, described device include:
Structure including limiting the internal side wall of flow path；
Memory material component in the flow path is set；And
Wherein, the unit response is fixed in the flow path in the following terms by against the side wall:
Deformation operation, so that the component is converted to deformation state from stationary state to be inserted into the flow path；With And
Apply stimulation, so that the component is converted to the intermediate state of the adjacent side wall of the component from the deformation state.
13. device according to claim 12, wherein the component in the stationary state is shown greater than described First width of the internal diameter of flow path, and wherein, the component in the deformation state shows interior less than described Second width of portion's diameter.
14. device according to claim 13, wherein the component in the intermediate state is shown described Third width between one width and second width.
15. device according to claim 12, wherein described to stimulate the heat being applied on the deformation component.
16. device according to claim 12, wherein the deformation operation includes: torsion, stretching, compression and/or bending The component.
17. device according to claim 12, wherein the component includes the solid-state band of memory material.
18. device according to claim 12, wherein the component includes memory material and adhesive.
19. device according to claim 12, wherein the structure is the capillary of general cylindrical.
20. device according to claim 12, in which:
The component includes memory polymer acid catalyst, and the memory polymer acid catalyst is configured to receive vapor phase nitre Acid precursors simultaneously pass through the flow path and make the vapor phase nitric acid precursor hydrolysis to form nitric acid；And
The structure includes the chemical detector in response to the nitric acid to determine whether there is material of interest.
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