CN109990941A - A kind of vector quantization triaxiality measurement ball - Google Patents
A kind of vector quantization triaxiality measurement ball Download PDFInfo
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- CN109990941A CN109990941A CN201910239552.0A CN201910239552A CN109990941A CN 109990941 A CN109990941 A CN 109990941A CN 201910239552 A CN201910239552 A CN 201910239552A CN 109990941 A CN109990941 A CN 109990941A
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- triaxiality
- pedestal
- axis
- vector quantization
- anchor point
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/16—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring several components of force
Abstract
The invention belongs to stress measurement field, it is related to a kind of vector quantization triaxiality measurement ball, comprising: pedestal is provided with 2 positioning groups, respectively the first positioning group, the second positioning group on the pedestal；It include 3 anchor points in each positioning group, the direction of the geometric center determination of anchor point and pedestal is the normal of the anchor point；The normal direction of 3 anchor points in first positioning group is vertical two-by-two, and angle is 60 ° to the normal direction of three anchor points in the second positioning group two-by-two；Pressure sensor is arranged on anchor point, for acquiring compression at anchor point.The compass for demarcating magnetic azimuth and the level meter for determining level orientation are additionally provided on the pedestal, construct level-geomagnetic coordinate system, to determine the embedded direction of triaxiality measuring device, the coordinate system is that engineering sees prospecting, design, construction, the Common Coordinate for the stages such as using simultaneously, and it easily obtains, and then realize association of the three-dimensional stress constraint with Practical Project.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to stress measurement fields, are related to a kind of vector quantization triaxiality measurement ball.
Background technique
In geotechnical engineering, influenced by complicated external loads and Practical Project environment, native stress state is extremely multiple
It is miscellaneous.However, native mechanical characteristic is gone through by stress intensity, stress direction, stress path, stress as a kind of multi phase porous medium
The factors such as history influence significant.In order to which the stress state to soil is portrayed, the stress of any is usually expressed as a vector.
In three dimensions, vector includes six-freedom degree, it is therefore desirable to which six independent variables carve tangent stress
It draws.In the principal stress space, this six-freedom degree is presented as big a small amount of and principal stress coordinate system three sides of three of principal stress
Vector.Therefore, stress intensity and the direction for only accurately acquiring any in soil simultaneously, could portray stress state,
And then scientifically carry out geotechnical engineering safety Stability Assessment and construction maintenance analysis.
In Practical Project, the precise measurement of three-dimensional stress constraint is always the difficult point of engineering at certain point.Due to existing
Measuring device geometry in technology is irregular, causes the area on each surface for test different, the folder between face and face
Angle is also different, thus the stress collection that will lead to the soil body neutralizes stress distribution non-uniform phenomenon, reduces the essence of stress intensity test
Exactness, or even can lure that the soil body shows that failure by shear occurs along device into.
Moreover, the prior art can only measure the size of three-dimensional stress constraint, and have ignored the quarter to each stress direction
It draws, causes the direction of measured stress indefinite, measured some stress states can not be carried out with engineering true bearing angle
Association, can not also portray stress state in engineering with the mode of vector or tensor, it is difficult to really for describing engineering
Actual stress state.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of vector quantization triaxialities to measure ball, measure under three-dimensional condition
The stress intensity of six specific directions is realized to the measurement of three-dimensional stress constraint at any and same level-geomagnetic coordinates closes
The size and Orientation of three principal stresses at a little is obtained by calculation in connection, solves the difficulty of triaxiality vector quantization measurement in engineering
Topic.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
A kind of vector quantization triaxiality measures ball characterized by comprising pedestal, be provided on the pedestal 2 it is fixed
Hyte, respectively the first positioning group, the second positioning group；Include 3 anchor points in each positioning group, anchor point and pedestal it is several
The direction what center determines is the normal of the anchor point；The normal direction of 3 anchor points in first positioning group is vertical two-by-two,
Angle is 60 ° to the normal direction of three anchor points in second positioning group two-by-two；Pressure sensor, with anchor point quantity phase
Match, and be arranged on anchor point, for acquiring pressure at anchor point.
Optionally, it is additionally provided with data acquisition module, wireless transport module and power supply on the pedestal, is arranged in pedestal
It is internal to be simultaneously electrical connected with pressure sensor, for acquiring, storage and radio transmitted pressure data.
Optionally, the normal in the first positioning group is respectively X-axis, Y-axis, Z axis；X-axis and Y-axis determine X-Y plane, Y-axis with
Z axis determines that Y-Z plane, Z axis and X-axis determine Z-X plane；It is flat that normal in second positioning group is located at X-Y plane, Y-Z
Face, in Z-X plane and with its two axis planar be in 45 ° of angles.
Optionally, the anchor point is the groove of setting on the base, and the pressure sensor insertion is arranged in groove
In.
Optionally, it is reserved in the groove convenient for the logical of connection data acquisition module, wireless transport module and power supply
Hole.
Optionally, compass for demarcating magnetic azimuth is additionally provided on the pedestal and for determining level orientation
Level meter.
Optionally, 0 ° of the compass is oriented parallel to X-axis.
Optionally, the level meter is arranged on compass.
Optionally, the pedestal is in hollow spherical shape.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
Shape of the invention is more regular, can weaken well due to test device it is in irregular shape caused by answer
Power is unevenly distributed phenomenon.Distance farther out and distribution uniform, improves measurement essence to a certain extent between each measurement plane
Degree；Level and compass are fixed on spherical measurement pedestal by the present invention, construct level-geomagnetic coordinate system jointly, to
Determine the embedded direction of triaxiality measuring device.Wherein, level fixes the normal direction of measuring device with vertical direction；Refer to
Compass determines an axial direction in horizontal plane.As long as two mutually orthogonal directions have been determined, it can determine that triaxiality is tested
The orientation of device geomagnetic coordinate system x-y-z.And then by mathematical computations, surveyed stress element is obtained in level-geomagnetic coordinate system
In representation method, which is that engineering sees prospecting, design, construction, the Common Coordinate for the stages such as using, and pole simultaneously
It easily obtains, and then realizes association of the three-dimensional stress constraint with Practical Project.
Other advantages, target and feature of the invention will be illustrated in the following description to a certain extent, and
And to a certain extent, based on will be apparent to those skilled in the art to investigating hereafter, Huo Zheke
To be instructed from the practice of the present invention.Target and other advantages of the invention can be realized by following specification
And acquisition.
Detailed description of the invention
To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is made below in conjunction with attached drawing excellent
The detailed description of choosing, in which:
Fig. 1 is overall structure explosion see-through view of the invention；
Fig. 2 is overall structure diagram of the invention；
Fig. 3 is three planes of the first positioning group determination in the present invention；
Fig. 4 is three planes of the second positioning group determination in the present invention；
Fig. 5 is overall structure explosive view of the invention.
Specific embodiment
Illustrate embodiments of the present invention below by way of specific specific example, those skilled in the art can be by this explanation
Other advantages and efficacy of the present invention can be easily understood for content disclosed by book.The present invention can also pass through in addition different tools
Body embodiment is embodied or practiced, and the various details in this specification can also not had based on different viewpoints and application
Various modifications or alterations are carried out under spirit of the invention.It should be noted that diagram provided in following embodiment is only
The basic conception that the invention is illustrated in a schematic way, in the absence of conflict, the feature in following embodiment and embodiment can
To be combined with each other.
Wherein, the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are merely schematic diagrams, rather than pictorial diagram, should not be understood as to this
The limitation of invention；Embodiment in order to better illustrate the present invention, the certain components of attached drawing have omission, zoom in or out, not
Represent the size of actual product；It will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain known features and its explanation may be omitted and be in attached drawing
It is understood that.
The same or similar label correspond to the same or similar components in the attached drawing of the embodiment of the present invention；Of the invention
In description, it is to be understood that if having the orientation or position of the instructions such as term " on ", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear"
Relationship is to be based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is merely for convenience of description of the present invention and simplification of the description, without referring to
Show or imply that signified device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, therefore in attached drawing
The term for describing positional relationship only for illustration, is not considered as limiting the invention, for the common of this field
For technical staff, the concrete meaning of above-mentioned term can be understood as the case may be.
Please refer to Fig. 1-Fig. 5, the element numbers in attached drawing respectively indicate: pedestal 1, compass 2, level meter 3, data are adopted
Collection and transmission device 4.
The present invention includes that spherical pedestal 1, pressure sensor, data acquisition and transmission device and several conducting wires, data are adopted
Collection includes data acquisition module, wireless transport module and power supply with transmission device 4.Two groups of cylinders are reserved on the pedestal 1
Connected in star, every group three.Wherein the normal direction of one group of totally three groove is vertical two-by-two, for ease of description, by its normal side
To being respectively defined as negative direction of the x-axis, negative direction of the y-axis and z-axis negative direction.Plane where three groove outers is also vertical two-by-two, and
It intersects in X-Y-Z axis isocline line, constitutes Descartes and measure system.These three grooves are three positioning in the first positioning group
Point is denoted as the first anchor point 10, the second anchor point 20 and third anchor point 30 respectively.Pedestal reserve another group totally three
The normal of a groove is located in X-Y plane 35, Y-Z plane 25 and Z-X plane 15, and respectively at each axis of place plane
Line angle at 45 °.Three planes where three groove outers also intersect in X-Y-Z axis isocline line, the measurement of inclining such as constitute
System, also referred to as the second positioning group, these three grooves are denoted as the 4th anchor point 40, the 5th anchor point 50, the 6th anchor point 60 respectively.
In six inside grooves fixation pressure sensors, waterproof glue bonding layer, pressure sensor are equipped between groove and pressure sensor
Model can be chosen according to actual measurement demand.Correspondingly, groove needs to customize by according to selected pressure sensor, groove
It is not recommended that it is too deep, in order to avoid influence the measurement of pressure sensor.LY-250 type soil pressure cell is taken in general recommendations, respective slot
Diameter is 29~30mm, groove depth is 4~5mm.The bottom of six grooves is set inside the spherical base there are circular hole
It is equipped with data acquisition and transmission device 4, is referred to measuring circuit disclosed in the prior art.The pressure sensor has
Data conductor, one end are connected to pressure sensor bottom, and the other end is connected to data after the reserved circular hole of bottom portion of groove and adopts
Collection and transmission device 4 after data conductor connects, need that the wire guide and conducting wire of top surface is fixed using glass cement
And encapsulation process.
The pedestal is reserved with a cylindrical orientation measurement module groove, orientation measurement module groove in Z axis positive direction
It is inside provided with compass 2,0 ° of direction of dial is parallel with the inside normal direction of the first anchor point 10.2 top of compass
Equipped with circular bubble level meter 3, precision and size can be customized according to specific requirements, it is proposed that model north weighing apparatus reaches HD-MT09
Type.
Level meter 3 and compass 2 are fixed on spherical measurement pedestal, construct level-geomagnetic coordinate system jointly, to
Determine the embedded direction of triaxiality measuring device, level meter 3 fixes the normal direction of measuring device with vertical direction；Compass 2
Determine an axial direction in horizontal plane.0 ° of direction of compass 2 and the first anchor point 10 to the normal parallel on the inside of pedestal, to
Determine the azimuth (i.e. soil pressure azimuth) of 10 inside normal of the first anchor point.As long as two orthogonal sides have been determined
To can determine orientation of the triaxiality test device in geomagnetic coordinate system x-y-z.And then by mathematical computations, obtain
Representation method of the surveyed stress element in level-geomagnetic coordinate system, the coordinate system are that engineering sees prospecting, designs, applies simultaneously
Work, the Common Coordinate for the stages such as using, and easily obtain, and then realize association of the three-dimensional stress constraint with Practical Project.
In implementation process, vector quantization triaxiality measurement ball is buried to the position for needing to measure stress.Embedded
When, so that third anchor point 30 is located at bottom, level meter 3 is directly on top, and is in level status, at this time third anchor point
30 inside normal directions (i.e. surveyed soil pressure direction) are towards surface.Rotation measuring ball in the horizontal plane, adjustable compass
Degree of the pointer on dial.For convenient for subsequent calculating, it is proposed that by anchor point coordinate system X-Y-Z and level-geomagnetic coordinate system
X-y-z, which is overlapped, to be laid, and the northern needle of compass 2 need to be directed toward to 0 ° of direction of dial, i.e. 10 inside normal direction of the first anchor point
(i.e. surveyed soil pressure direction) towards due north, 20 inside normal direction of the second anchor point (i.e. surveyed soil pressure direction) is towards due east.
Vector quantization triaxiality is measured into ball top earthing, starts to measure.It is read by data acquisition with transmission module 2
The degree of each pressure sensor obtains the three-dimensional stress constraint under level-geomagnetic coordinate system and three masters answers by calculating
The size of power and direction, if it is desired, can be calculated under arbitrary system at test point by mathe-matical map relationship again
Three-dimensional stress constraint expression.
Circular is as follows:
Remember the first anchor point 10, the second anchor point 20, third anchor point 30, the 4th anchor point 40, the 5th anchor point 50,
Stress measured by 6th anchor point 60 is respectively σ10、σ20、σ30、σ40、σ50、σ60；The direction of each soil pressure be respectively due north,
Due east, just upper, 225 ° of north by east, east are 225 ° on the upper side, 225 ° by north upper.
| Anchor point number | Measured Soil pressure size | The direction of soil pressure |
| 10 | σ10 | Due north |
| 20 | σ20 | Due east |
| 30 | σ30 | On just |
| 40 | σ40 | 225 ° of north by east |
| 50 | σ50 | 225 ° on the upper side of east |
| 60 | σ60 | It is 225 ° by north upper |
To be forward direction with north orientation, east orientation, top, establishing level-geomagnetic coordinate system, and with x-y-z coordinate convenient for expression
Instead of expression, then measurement point actual measurement three-dimensional stress constraint is denoted as with a matrix type in level-geomagnetic coordinate system:
{σij}={ σxσyσzσxyσyzσzx}={ σ10σ20σ30-σ40-σ50-σ60}
(1) the three-dimensional stress constraint calculation method under arbitrary system
Three-dimensional stress constraint under arbitrary system can be calculated by following formula:
σkl=Tklijσij
In formula, T is the coordinate transform tensor measured between coordinate and required coordinate.
This part is the basic calculating of this field, and detailed content is not reinflated.
(2) calculation method of three-dimensional space intermediate principal stress size and direction
This part calculates the content for the polynary linear function being originated from linear algebra, is related to characteristic equation, characteristic value and spy
Vector is levied, specific calculating process is as follows:
In principal stress coordinate system, acts on and there was only direct stress on each principal plane, without shear stress.With level-earth magnetism
Coordinate system x-y-z is reference, if the direction cosines of principal plane are respectively l, m and n, can find out principal stress according to vector operation
Size and Orientation, i.e.,
Above formula can be rewritten are as follows:
Above formula is the system of homogeneous linear equations of l, m and n if you need to which there are untrivialo solutions, according to Cramer's rule, coefficient ranks
Formula is necessary for zero,
Expansion obtains the characteristic equation of stress
σ3-I1σ2+I2σ-I3=0 (6)
In formula, I1、I2And I3For three stress invariants.
Three roots of above-mentioned simple cubic equation are the size of three principal stresses, are denoted as σ respectively1、σ2And σ3.Three
The size of principal stress is taken back formula (4) respectively, and simultaneous identity
l2+m2+n2=1 (7)
It can be in the hope of the feature vector of each principal stress, the i.e. direction vector of principal stress:
σ=σ1When, n1=(l1,m1,n1)
σ=σ2When, n2=(l2,m2,n2)
σ=σ3When, n3=(l3,m3,n3)
Shape of the invention is more regular, can weaken well due to test device it is in irregular shape caused by answer
Power is unevenly distributed phenomenon.Distance farther out and distribution uniform, improves measurement essence to a certain extent between each measurement plane
Degree；Level and compass are fixed on spherical measurement pedestal by the present invention, construct level-geomagnetic coordinate system jointly, to
Determine the embedded direction of triaxiality measuring device.Wherein, level fixes the normal direction of measuring device with vertical direction；Refer to
Compass determines an axial direction in horizontal plane.As long as two mutually orthogonal directions have been determined, it can determine that triaxiality is tested
Device is in the orientation level-geomagnetic coordinate system x-y-z.And then by mathematical computations, surveyed stress element is obtained on level-ground
Representation method in magnetic coordinate system, the coordinate system are that engineering sees prospecting, design, construction, the common coordinate for the stages such as using simultaneously
System, and easily obtain, and then realize association of the three-dimensional stress constraint with Practical Project.
Finally, it is stated that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention and are not limiting, although referring to compared with
Good embodiment describes the invention in detail, those skilled in the art should understand that, it can be to skill of the invention
Art scheme is modified or replaced equivalently, and without departing from the objective and range of the technical program, should all be covered in the present invention
Scope of the claims in.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of vector quantization triaxiality measures ball characterized by comprising
Pedestal is provided with 2 positioning groups, respectively the first positioning group, the second positioning group on the pedestal；
It include 3 anchor points in each positioning group, the direction of the geometric center determination of anchor point and pedestal is the method for the anchor point
Line；The normal direction of 3 anchor points in first positioning group is vertical two-by-two, the normal side of three anchor points in the second positioning group
It is 60 ° to angle two-by-two；
Pressure sensor matches with anchor point quantity, and is arranged on anchor point, for acquiring pressure at anchor point.
2. vector quantization triaxiality as described in claim 1 measures ball, which is characterized in that be additionally provided with data on the pedestal
Acquisition module, wireless transport module and power supply are arranged in base interior and are electrical connected with pressure sensor, for acquiring,
Storage and radio transmitted pressure data.
3. vector quantization triaxiality as described in claim 1 measures ball, which is characterized in that the normal point in the first positioning group
It Wei not X-axis, Y-axis, Z axis；X-axis and Y-axis determine that X-Y plane, Y-axis and Z axis determine that Y-Z plane, Z axis and X-axis determine Z-X plane；
Normal in second positioning group be located in X-Y plane, Y-Z plane, Z-X plane and with its two axis planar
It is in 45 ° of angles.
4. vector quantization triaxiality as described in claim 1 measures ball, which is characterized in that the anchor point is that setting exists
Groove on pedestal, the pressure sensor insertion setting is in a groove.
5. vector quantization triaxiality as described in claim 4 measures ball, which is characterized in that be reserved with and be convenient in the groove
Connect the through-hole of data acquisition module, wireless transport module and power supply.
6. the vector quantization triaxiality as described in any one of Claims 1 to 5 measures ball, which is characterized in that on the pedestal
It is additionally provided with the compass for demarcating magnetic azimuth and the level meter for determining level orientation.
7. vector quantization triaxiality as described in claim 6 measures ball, which is characterized in that 0 ° of direction of the compass is flat
Row is in X-axis.
8. vector quantization triaxiality as described in claim 6 measures ball, which is characterized in that the level meter is arranged in guide
On needle.
9. vector quantization triaxiality as described in claim 6 measures ball, which is characterized in that the pedestal is in hollow ball
Shape.
10. the vector quantization triaxiality as described in any one of Claims 1 to 5 measures ball, which is characterized in that the pedestal is in
Hollow spherical shape.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910239552.0A CN109990941A (en) | 2019-03-27 | 2019-03-27 | A kind of vector quantization triaxiality measurement ball |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910239552.0A CN109990941A (en) | 2019-03-27 | 2019-03-27 | A kind of vector quantization triaxiality measurement ball |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN109990941A true CN109990941A (en) | 2019-07-09 |
Family
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910239552.0A Withdrawn CN109990941A (en) | 2019-03-27 | 2019-03-27 | A kind of vector quantization triaxiality measurement ball |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110440975A (en) * | 2019-08-06 | 2019-11-12 | 厦门大学 | Quadruped robot club foot end spherical surface vector force checking device and detection method |
| CN112629714A (en) * | 2020-11-01 | 2021-04-09 | 西南交通大学 | Wireless intelligent monitoring system and method for stress state of inner space of rock-soil body |
-
2019
- 2019-03-27 CN CN201910239552.0A patent/CN109990941A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110440975A (en) * | 2019-08-06 | 2019-11-12 | 厦门大学 | Quadruped robot club foot end spherical surface vector force checking device and detection method |
| CN112629714A (en) * | 2020-11-01 | 2021-04-09 | 西南交通大学 | Wireless intelligent monitoring system and method for stress state of inner space of rock-soil body |
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Application publication date: 20190709 |