CN109989730B - Efficient electricity-saving pumping unit system for oil field - Google Patents
Efficient electricity-saving pumping unit system for oil field Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 102
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims description 106
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000036544 posture Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013178 mathematical model Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/12—Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells
- E21B43/121—Lifting well fluids
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/008—Monitoring of down-hole pump systems, e.g. for the detection of "pumped-off" conditions
- E21B47/009—Monitoring of walking-beam pump systems
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B17/00—Pumps characterised by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors
- F04B17/03—Pumps characterised by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors driven by electric motors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B49/00—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00
- F04B49/06—Control using electricity
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P5/00—Arrangements specially adapted for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of two or more electric motors
- H02P5/68—Arrangements specially adapted for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of two or more electric motors controlling two or more dc dynamo-electric motors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
- Y02P80/10—Efficient use of energy, e.g. using compressed air or pressurized fluid as energy carrier
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
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- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-efficiency electricity-saving pumping unit system for an oil field, which is applied to an oil extraction well region comprising a plurality of pumping units, and comprises the following components: the invention optimizes the polish rod operation mode to be a variable speed operation technology, a multiplexing single-well power supply cable technology and an oil pumping stroke automatic adjustment technology by controlling the operation postures of the motor through the servo driver, thereby achieving the beneficial technical effects of good economical efficiency, high safety and reliability, energy conservation, high efficiency, intelligent production management and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of oilfield motor-pumped well production, in particular to an efficient electricity-saving oilfield pumping unit system.
Background
At present, the beam pumping unit is the main ground equipment for petroleum exploitation, and the earliest and most common pumping unit is used, and the working principle is that after a motor is decelerated through a belt pulley and a reduction gearbox, the rotation motion of the output shaft of the reduction gearbox is converted into the reciprocating motion of a beam horsehead by a crank-rocker mechanism, so that a sucker rod column is driven to do up-and-down reciprocating linear motion, and the motion is transmitted to a plunger of a pumping pump in the pit through a sucker rod, so that the pumping unit works.
The beam pumping unit is one of the largest energy consumption devices in the petroleum industry, and about two thirds of the energy consumption in the oil field is counted as electric energy, and the electric energy consumed by the beam pumping unit accounts for about 40% of the total electric energy consumption. According to incomplete statistics, the oil pumping unit in China has more than 60 ten thousand oil pumping units, the capacity of the motor total assembly machine is more than 3500MW, and the annual power consumption is more than 100 hundred million degrees. The running efficiency of the existing pumping unit is still lower, the average running efficiency of China is only 25.96%, the average foreign level is 30.05%, and if the advanced foreign energy efficiency level can be achieved, electricity can be saved by billions of degrees each year, so that the energy-saving and submerging space of the pumping unit well is huge.
The four-bar linkage of the existing beam pumping unit enables the motion law of the horsehead to be similar to simple harmonic motion, acceleration is large at the highest point and the lowest point, acceleration of the horsehead driving the pumping polished rod at the upper dead point and the lower dead point is also large, inertial load is large, the pumping unit bears excessive load, torque fluctuation of the speed reducer is large, gear impact is increased, and service lives of the speed reducer and the pumping unit are shortened. In the occasion of complicated geological conditions, such as thick oil, sand content and more wax deposition, serious faults such as broken rods, clamping wells, damage to gears of a speed reducer, motor burnout and the like easily occur. In addition, in the running process of the pumping unit, as the four-bar mechanism uses crank balance, horsehead ascending liquid lifting and descending liquid lifting are not carried out, so that the horsehead load is not balanced absolutely on site, in the running process, the pumping unit can reversely drag the motor to run in a certain period due to unbalance, and when the shaft rotating speed of the motor exceeds the synchronous rotating speed of the motor, the motor can reversely drag the motor to generate power.
Although the oil pumping machine technology is developed for a long time, the large-load, long-stroke and low-stroke energy-saving oil pumping machine is developed, and the test application of various energy-saving motors such as a variable-frequency speed-regulating motor, an electromagnetic speed-regulating motor, a permanent magnet synchronous motor and the like is carried out, the problems of poor economy, difficulty in large-area popularization and the like exist, and the high-efficiency energy-saving technology for improving the effective stroke of the sucker rod and reducing the impact load is always lacking.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an efficient and energy-saving oil pumping unit system for an oil field, which is used for improving the pumping efficiency and prolonging the pump detection period.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an efficient and energy-saving pumping unit system for oil field, which is applied to an oil extraction well zone including a plurality of pumping units, comprising:
the oil pumping units are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the oil pumping wells, each oil pumping unit is provided with a motor, and the motors are used for controlling the running of the polished rod of the oil pumping unit;
a common dc bus;
a public ac bus;
the direct current bus front end cabinet is arranged at the front end of the public alternating current bus, a rectifying device and a leakage current detection unit are arranged in the direct current bus front end cabinet, the rectifying device comprises an AC-DC rectifier and is used for rectifying three-phase alternating current into 6-pulse direct current, and the leakage current detection unit is arranged at an outlet end of the direct current bus front end cabinet; and
a plurality of wellhead control cabinets corresponding to one of the pumping wells, each wellhead control cabinet is provided with an AC/DC identification circuit, a DC forward/backward identification circuit, a servo driver, an AC/DC change-over switch and a terminal control center, the AC/DC identification circuit is connected with a public DC bus and a public AC bus, the DC forward/backward identification circuit is connected with the AC/DC identification circuit and is used for identifying whether the supplied power is DC or AC and identifying the direction of the DC, the servo driver comprises a control unit, an inversion unit, a filter unit, a braking unit and a braking resistor, the control unit is connected with the inversion unit, the terminal control center and a corresponding motor, the inversion unit is connected with the corresponding motor, the filter unit is connected with the inversion unit and the braking unit, the braking resistor is connected with the braking unit, the braking unit is used for controlling the voltage of the public DC bus, when the voltage of the public DC bus exceeds a preset voltage value, the braking unit is connected to a path of the braking resistor, the public DC bus is restrained from rising in a shunt mode, a plurality of position parameters taking the upper dead point and the lower dead point of a polished rod as references and a plurality of position parameters of the polished rod running as references and a plurality of position parameters of the motor, the servo driver is arranged in the servo driver, when the parameters of the pump rod is driven by corresponding to the position of the servo driver, and the position of the motor is driven by the corresponding to the position parameters of the running parameters of the polished rod, and the servo driver is calculated when the running parameters are corresponding to the running position parameters, and the running parameters of the polished rod, and the running parameters are calculated, and the output to the speed and the speed, the AC/DC change-over switch is used for switching the wellhead control cabinet into a direct current power supply mode or an alternating current power supply mode, and the terminal control center is provided with a man-machine dialogue interface and is connected with each servo driver, and is used for monitoring and adjusting the starting/stopping of a motor in the pumping unit, the stroke frequency of the pumping unit, the position of a polished rod, the torque of the motor, the running speed of the polished rod, the running voltage, the current and the power of the motor of the pumping unit.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the efficient power-saving pumping unit system for oil fields further comprises at least one of the following: peak-valley electricity energy storage unit, solar power generation unit and wind power generation unit.
In an embodiment of the invention, the rectifying device is a diode rectifying circuit or an IGBT rectifying circuit.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the position parameters and the speed parameters are eight, the position parameters are M1-M9, and M1-M9 respectively correspond to different distances between the polish rod and the bottom dead center, wherein the polish rod is located at the top dead center when located at M5, the eight speed parameters are speeds V1-V4 and accelerations a1-a4, respectively, and the relationship between the polish rod travel and the speed/acceleration of the polish rod is as follows:
in an embodiment of the present invention, a standard indicator diagram gallery is provided in the terminal control center, where the standard indicator diagram gallery includes the following six types of indicator diagrams: a normal indicator diagram, a liquid supply deficiency indicator diagram, a fixed valve leakage indicator diagram, a traveling valve leakage indicator diagram, a double valve leakage indicator diagram and a special type indicator diagram, wherein the working conditions corresponding to the special type indicator diagram comprise five types of sucker rod breaking, piston breaking out of a working cylinder, sand clamping, wax clamping and salt clamping; the four kinds of work diagrams of the insufficient liquid supply work diagram, the fixed valve leakage work diagram, the traveling valve leakage work diagram and the double valve leakage work diagram are divided into the following three kinds according to the abnormal degree of working conditions: mild, moderate, severe.
And (3) comparing the actual indicator diagram of the oil pumping unit with the indicator diagram in the standard indicator diagram library once by the terminal control center every interval time T, and judging the working condition of the oil pumping unit as the working condition corresponding to the indicator diagram when the similarity between the actual indicator diagram and an indicator diagram in the standard indicator diagram library is larger than U, wherein the corresponding relation between the working condition of the oil pumping unit and a further regulation strategy is as follows:
in one embodiment of the invention, T is 1 to 10 hours and U is greater than 90%.
In one embodiment of the invention, the servo driver uses the self-contained torque ring and position ring to map the actual indicator diagram of the pumping unit.
The efficient electricity-saving oil pumping unit system for the oil field has the following beneficial technical effects:
(1) The economy is good. The method has the characteristics of three low and one high, namely: the investment is low, the transformation cost is low, the operation cost is low, the economic benefit is high, and the investment recovery period is within one year.
(2) The safety and the reliability are high. The operation is stable, the fault rate is low, the intelligent warning system has various abnormal early warning and intelligent automatic control functions such as overload and vibration, the safety risk is avoided, and the safety warning accuracy is high. The impact load in the operation process of the sucker rod is reduced, and the long-term fatigue disconnection and eccentric wear phenomena of the sucker rod in the operation system of the original pumping unit are fundamentally solved.
(3) Energy saving and high efficiency. According to the production practice of each oil well, the optimal matching of the stroke frequency and the liquid supply capacity of the oil pumping well is achieved by automatically optimizing the stroke frequency of the working condition of the oil pumping well, the efficient energy-saving operation is realized, and the energy-saving method has remarkable energy-saving effect on low-yield wells. The direct current bus technology is used for realizing multiplexing of reverse dragging power generation energy of the oil pumping unit, and the energy saving effect is further improved.
(4) And (5) intelligent production management. The characteristics of a torque ring and a position ring of a servo driver are utilized to realize real-time drawing of an indicator diagram of the oil pumping well production, and the working stroke frequency of the oil pumping machine is adjusted in a closed loop according to the similarity comparison with a typical indicator diagram so as to achieve the aim of optimizing the oil extraction efficiency; and secondly, the invention has strong control performance, high intelligence and high integration level, and can realize visual artificial intelligent management by utilizing the remote data transmission and man-machine conversation of the terminal control center.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, in which the drawings are only some embodiments of the invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an architecture of a pumping unit system for an oil field with high efficiency and power saving in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of a diode rectifier circuit;
fig. 3 is a circuit schematic diagram of an IGBT rectifying circuit;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the polish rod travel and the polish rod speed/acceleration;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a normal indicator diagram;
FIG. 6a is a diagram of a starved (slight) indicator;
FIG. 6b is a diagram of an insufficient (medium) supply indicator;
FIG. 6c is a diagram of an indication of insufficient (severe) fluid supply;
FIG. 7a is a diagram of a fixed valve drain (slight) indicator;
FIG. 7b is a diagram of a fixed valve drain (medium) indicator;
FIG. 7c is a diagram of a fixed valve drain (severe) indicator;
FIG. 8a is a diagram of a traveling valve drain (slight) indicator;
FIG. 8b is a diagram of a traveling valve drain (medium) indicator;
FIG. 8c is a diagram of a traveling valve leak (severe) indicator;
FIG. 9a is a double valve drain (slight) indicator diagram;
FIG. 9b is a diagram of a double valve drain (medium) indicator;
FIG. 9c is a diagram of a double valve drain (severe) indicator;
FIG. 10a is a diagram of a particular type of indicator (sucker rod broken);
FIG. 10b is a diagram of a particular type of indicator (piston out of cylinder);
FIG. 10c is a special type of indicator diagram (sand card);
FIG. 10d is a special type of indicator diagram (wax card);
fig. 10e is a diagram of a special type of indicator diagram (salt card).
Reference numerals illustrate: 1-pumping unit; 11-an electric motor; 2-a common direct current bus; 3-public alternating current buses; 4-a front end cabinet of the direct current bus; 41-rectifying means; 42-a leakage current detection unit; 5-a wellhead control cabinet; 51-an ac/dc identification circuit; 52-direct current forward/backward recognition circuit; 53-servo driver; 531-a control unit; 532-an inverter unit; 533-a filtering unit; 534-a brake unit; 535-a brake resistor; a 6-AC/DC switch; 7-a terminal control center; 81-peak valley electricity energy storage unit; 82-a solar power generation unit; 83-wind power generation unit.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The oil pumping unit system for the oil field provided by the invention is applied to an oil extraction well region comprising a plurality of oil pumping wells, and fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the oil pumping unit system for the oil field with high efficiency and power saving according to one embodiment of the invention, and as shown in fig. 1, the oil pumping unit system for the oil field provided by the invention comprises:
the oil pumping units 1 are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence manner, each oil pumping unit 1 is provided with a motor 11, the motors 11 are used for controlling the running of a polished rod in the oil pumping unit 1, only two oil pumping units 1 are shown in fig. 1, and different numbers of oil pumping units can be connected according to the needs in actual implementation;
a common dc bus 2;
a public ac bus 3;
a DC bus front end cabinet 4 disposed at the front end of the AC bus 3, and having a rectifying device 41 and a leakage current detecting unit 42 disposed therein, wherein the rectifying device 41 includes an AC-DC rectifier (not shown) for rectifying the three-phase AC into 6 pulse DC, and the leakage current detecting unit 42 is disposed at the outlet end of the DC bus front end cabinet 4; and
a plurality of wellhead control cabinets 5 corresponding to one of the pumping wells, respectively, each wellhead control cabinet 5 being provided with an AC/DC identification circuit 51, a DC forward/reverse identification circuit 52, a servo driver 53, an AC/DC changeover switch 6 and a terminal control center 7, the AC/DC identification circuit 51 being connected to the common DC bus 2 and the common AC bus 3, the DC forward/reverse identification circuit 52 being connected to the AC/DC identification circuit 51 for identifying whether the supplied electric power is DC or AC and identifying the direction of the DC, the servo driver 53 comprising a control unit 531, an inverter unit 532, a filter unit 533, a brake unit 534 and a brake resistor 535, the control unit 531 being connected to the inverter unit 532, the terminal control center 7 and the corresponding motor 11, the inverter unit 532 being connected to the corresponding motor 11, the filtering unit 533 is connected to the inverter unit 532 and the brake unit 534, the brake resistor 535 is connected to the brake unit 534, the brake unit 534 is used for controlling the voltage of the common DC bus 2, when the voltage of the common DC bus 2 exceeds a preset voltage value, the brake unit 534 conducts the path connected to the brake resistor 535, the voltage rise of the common DC bus 2 is restrained by the way of shunting the brake resistor 535, a plurality of position parameters and a plurality of speed parameters taking the top dead center and the bottom dead center of the polish rod operation as references are arranged in the servo driver 53, during the polish rod operation, the servo driver 53 reads the reference signal of each stroke operation of the polish rod, the position ring, the torque ring and the external switching value input data of the pumping unit to calculate the top dead center and the bottom dead center of the polish rod operation, when the polish rod is operated to a position corresponding to the position parameters, the servo driver 53 controls the operation of the polish rod according to the corresponding speed parameter, the servo driver 53 controls the operation speed of the polish rod by controlling the rotation speed of the motor 11, the AC/DC switch 6 is used for switching the wellhead control cabinet 5 to a direct current power supply mode or an alternating current power supply mode, when the electric power input into the wellhead control cabinet 5 is alternating current, 6 pulse direct current rectified by the direct current bus front end cabinet 4 is transmitted to the wellhead control cabinet 5, when the electric power input into the wellhead control cabinet 5 is direct current, the inverted power generated by the wellhead control cabinet 5 due to variable speed braking is rectified by the inverter unit 532 and then is fed to the common direct current bus 2 for being used by pumping units 1 in other pumping units, the terminal control center 7 is provided with a man-machine dialogue interface and is connected with each pumping unit servo driver 1, and is used for monitoring and adjusting the starting/stopping, the stroke times, the polish rod position, the torque, the polish rod operation speed, the motor voltage, the current and the power in the pumping unit 1.
The invention can rapidly identify the incoming call type of the wellhead control cabinet by utilizing the AC/DC identification circuit and the DC forward/reverse identification circuit, thereby avoiding the safety problem caused by well opening operation. The multiplexing single-well power supply cable realizes the transmission of alternating current power and direct current power by using the same cable, solves the problem of cost increase caused by the need of adding a DC loop cable for common direct current bus power supply in the prior art, can simplify system configuration, reduce construction cost and eliminate harmonic pollution.
To expand the power source, as shown in fig. 1, the oil pumping unit system for oil field with high efficiency and power saving further comprises: the peak-valley electricity energy storage unit 81, the solar power generation unit 82 and the wind power generation unit 83 are all connected to the common direct current bus, and obviously, in other embodiments, only one or two of the peak-valley electricity energy storage unit 81, the solar power generation unit 82 and the wind power generation unit 83 may be included, which is required to be determined according to practical situations. When the peak-to-valley electricity energy storage unit 81 is used, the battery pack can be charged by using the peak-to-valley electricity price period at night, and the electricity is discharged by using the peak-to-valley electricity period at daytime so as to provide power for the pumping unit. The peak-to-valley electricity energy storage unit 81, the solar power generation unit 82, and/or the wind power generation unit 83 may supply all the power required for the pumping unit, or may supply only a part of the power for the pumping unit. The economic benefit is further improved by utilizing the price difference of the peak-valley electricity price. Meanwhile, wind energy and solar energy are green pollution-free energy sources, and environmental protection benefits are further improved.
In this embodiment, the rectifying device 41 may be, for example, a diode rectifying circuit or an IGBT rectifying circuit, and the circuit diagram of the diode rectifying circuit is shown in fig. 2, and the circuit diagram of the IGBT rectifying circuit is shown in fig. 3.
As shown in fig. 4, which is a schematic diagram of the travel of the polished rod and the speed/acceleration of the polished rod, wherein the thick line indicates the speed change of the polished rod (specifically, the suspension point of the polished rod), the thin line indicates the rough track of the polished rod (specifically, the suspension point of the polished rod) running to illustrate the speed and acceleration of the polished rod in different travel, in this embodiment, the position parameters and the speed parameters are eight, respectively, the position parameters are M1-M9, M1-M9 respectively correspond to different distances from the bottom dead center, wherein the polished rod is located at the top dead center when being located at M5, the eight speed parameters are respectively the speeds V1-V4 and the accelerations a1-a4, and the relationship between the travel of the polished rod and the speed/acceleration of the polished rod is as follows:
since the polish rod is reciprocally operated, in fig. 4, at time t=0, the polish rod is at the bottom dead center position and is operating upward, its operation speed is V4, when the polish rod reaches the M1 position, the polish rod starts to operate at the acceleration a1 and the operation speed is increasingly greater, when the polish rod reaches the M2 position, its speed has reached V1, from M2, the polish rod starts to operate at the constant speed V1 to the M3 position, from M3, the polish rod starts to operate at the acceleration a2 and the speed is increasingly smaller, when the polish rod reaches the M4, the speed is reduced to V2, thereafter the polish rod operates at the constant speed V2 to M6, is at the top dead center when the polish rod is at the M5 position, the polish rod operates at the constant speed upward between M4 and M5, and the polish rod operates at the constant speed downward between M5 and M6, the polish rod starts to accelerate after the polish rod reaches the M6, the acceleration a3 is reached until the polish rod operates at the M7, the acceleration starts to operate at the constant speed V3 to the M8, from M8 starts to gradually decrease the polish rod speed, the polish rod starts to operate at the constant speed a2, and the speed decreases from M4 to the constant speed V9 when the polish rod returns from the M9 to the M10 position to the position when the polish rod reaches the constant speed between M4 and the M10, and the polish rod returns to the position when the polish rod at the constant speed between the M4 and M9 and the polish rod at the constant speed between M9 and M10. Further, in FIG. 4, the polish rod runs upward between M10 and M5 and downward between M5 and M10.
Therefore, in the invention, the polish rod is in variable speed operation in a reciprocating operation process, is in low-speed operation near the upper dead center and the lower dead center, and is in variable speed operation in the up-down process, so that the impact load on the sucker rod is reduced, the stroke loss is reduced, the pump efficiency is improved, the service life of the sucker rod is prolonged, and the purposes of energy conservation and consumption reduction are achieved.
The servo driver controls the motor, and a complete mathematical model is built in a servo driver position control closed loop (the mathematical model is that an angle value of a rotor of the motor relative to a stator and a proximity switch arranged on the pumping unit are used in the servo driver, the shaft angle of a power output shaft of the motor rotating one circle is measured, the angle value is used as a reference value, an action point of the proximity switch is a horsehead top dead center, and the value multiplied by 1/2 is a horsehead bottom dead center), and the position of a suspension point (the suspension point position is the horsehead position) is calculated in real time. Based on the position variable, the servo driver drives the motor to operate at variable speed according to a preset program.
The servo driver calculates the top dead center and the bottom dead center of the polish rod operation (calculates the rotation angle of the power output shaft of the motor for each stroke frequency, and the starting point is the top dead center signal given by the proximity switch, and the value multiplied by 1/2 is the horsehead bottom dead center position) according to the data generated by the closed loop of the position of the servo driver, which is internally owned, and synthesizes the reference signal (the high-low level switching value signal output by the proximity switch) of each stroke frequency operation of the sucker rod which is input by the external switching value.
In this embodiment, a standard indicator diagram gallery is provided in the terminal control center, where the standard indicator diagram gallery includes the following six types of indicator diagrams: a normal indicator diagram, a liquid supply deficiency indicator diagram, a fixed valve leakage indicator diagram, a traveling valve leakage indicator diagram, a double valve leakage indicator diagram and a special type indicator diagram, wherein the working conditions corresponding to the special type indicator diagram comprise five types of sucker rod disconnection, piston disconnection working cylinder, sand clamp, wax clamp and salt clamp; the four indicator diagrams of the insufficient liquid supply indicator diagram, the fixed valve leakage indicator diagram, the traveling valve leakage indicator diagram and the double valve leakage indicator diagram are divided into the following three types according to the abnormal degree of the working condition: slight, moderate, severe, as shown in fig. 5-10 e.
And comparing the actual indicator diagram of the oil pumping unit with the indicator diagram in the standard indicator diagram library once by the terminal control center every interval time T, wherein the servo driver utilizes a torque ring and a position ring which are arranged on the servo driver to draw the actual indicator diagram of the oil pumping unit, and judging that the working condition of the oil pumping unit is the working condition corresponding to the indicator diagram when the similarity between the actual indicator diagram and an indicator diagram in the standard indicator diagram library is greater than U, wherein the corresponding relation between the working condition of the oil pumping unit and a further adjustment strategy is as follows:
in this embodiment, T is one hour, U is 98%, i.e. one hour each time, the servo driver compares the actual indicator diagram of the pumping unit with the indicator diagram in the standard indicator diagram library, and performs subsequent processing.
Therefore, the invention can automatically adjust the pumping stroke frequency according to the change condition of the actual indicator diagram, so that the oil well pump keeps reasonable sinking degree, the phenomena of insufficient liquid supply and empty pumping of the oil well are avoided, and the pumping well keeps stable and continuous production.
The efficient electricity-saving oil pumping unit system for the oil field has the following beneficial technical effects:
(1) The economy is good. The method has the characteristics of three low and one high, namely: the investment is low, the transformation cost is low, the operation cost is low, the economic benefit is high, and the investment recovery period is within one year.
(2) The safety and the reliability are high. The operation is stable, the fault rate is low, the intelligent warning system has various abnormal early warning and intelligent automatic control functions such as overload and vibration, the safety risk is avoided, and the safety warning accuracy is high. The impact load in the operation process of the sucker rod is reduced, and the long-term fatigue disconnection and eccentric wear phenomena of the sucker rod in the operation system of the original pumping unit are fundamentally solved.
(3) Energy saving and high efficiency. According to the production practice of each oil well, the optimal matching of the stroke frequency and the liquid supply capacity of the oil pumping well is achieved by automatically optimizing the stroke frequency of the working condition of the oil pumping well, the efficient energy-saving operation is realized, and the energy-saving method has remarkable energy-saving effect on low-yield wells. The direct current bus technology is used for realizing multiplexing of reverse dragging power generation energy of the oil pumping unit, and the energy saving effect is further improved.
(4) And (5) intelligent production management. The characteristics of a torque ring and a position ring of a server are utilized to realize real-time drawing of an indicator diagram of the oil pumping well production, and the working stroke frequency of the oil pumping machine is regulated in a closed loop according to the similarity comparison with a typical indicator diagram so as to achieve the aim of optimizing the oil extraction efficiency; and secondly, the invention has strong control performance, high intelligence and high integration level, and can realize visual artificial intelligent management by utilizing the remote data transmission and man-machine conversation of the terminal control center.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that: the drawing is a schematic diagram of one embodiment and the modules or flows in the drawing are not necessarily required to practice the invention.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that: the modules in the apparatus of the embodiments may be distributed in the apparatus of the embodiments according to the description of the embodiments, or may be located in one or more apparatuses different from the present embodiments with corresponding changes. The modules of the above embodiments may be combined into one module, or may be further split into a plurality of sub-modules.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. An efficient power-saving pumping unit system for an oil field, which is applied to a pumping well area comprising a plurality of pumping wells, and is characterized by comprising:
the oil pumping units are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the oil pumping wells, and each oil pumping unit is provided with a motor;
a common dc bus;
a public ac bus;
the direct current bus front end cabinet is arranged at the front end of the public alternating current bus, a rectifying device and a leakage current detection unit are arranged in the direct current bus front end cabinet, the rectifying device comprises an AC-DC rectifier, and the leakage current detection unit is arranged at an outlet end of the direct current bus front end cabinet; and
a plurality of wellhead control cabinets corresponding to one of the pumping wells respectively, each wellhead control cabinet is provided with an AC/DC identification circuit, a DC forward/backward identification circuit, a servo driver, an AC/DC change-over switch and a terminal control center, the AC/DC identification circuit is connected with a public DC bus and a public AC bus, the DC forward/backward identification circuit is connected with the AC/DC identification circuit, wherein the servo driver comprises a control unit, an inversion unit, a filter unit, a braking unit and a braking resistor, the control unit is connected with the inversion unit, the terminal control center and a corresponding motor, the inversion unit is connected with the corresponding motor, the filter unit is connected with the inversion unit and the braking unit, the braking resistor is connected with the braking unit, a plurality of position parameters and a plurality of speed parameters taking the top dead center and the bottom dead center of the polish rod running as references are arranged in the servo driver, the AC/DC change-over switch is used for switching the wellhead control cabinet into a direct current power supply mode or an alternating current power supply mode, when the electric power input into the wellhead control cabinet is alternating current, 6 pulse wave direct current rectified by the front end cabinet of the direct current bus is transmitted to the wellhead control cabinet, when the electric power input into the wellhead control cabinet is direct current, the inverted electric power generated by the wellhead control cabinet due to variable speed braking is rectified by the inversion unit and then is fed into the public direct current bus for pumping units in other pumping units, the terminal control center is provided with a man-machine dialogue interface and is connected with each servo driver for monitoring and adjusting the starting/stopping of a motor in the pumping unit, the stroke frequency of the pumping unit, the position of a polished rod, the torque of the motor, the running speed of the polished rod, the running voltage, the current and the power of the motor of the pumping unit,
the rectifying device is a diode rectifying circuit or an IGBT rectifying circuit,
the servo driver is provided with eight position parameters and eight speed parameters taking the upper dead point and the lower dead point of the polish rod operation as references, the position parameters are M1-M9 respectively, M1-M9 respectively correspond to different distances from the polish rod to the lower dead point, wherein the polish rod is positioned at the upper dead point when being positioned at M5, the eight speed parameters are speeds V1-V4 and accelerations a1-a4 respectively,
the terminal control center is provided with a standard indicator diagram library, and the standard indicator diagram library comprises the following six types of indicator diagrams: the system comprises a normal indicator diagram, a liquid supply deficiency indicator diagram, a fixed valve leakage indicator diagram, a traveling valve leakage indicator diagram, a double valve leakage indicator diagram and a special type indicator diagram, wherein the four types of indicator diagrams of the liquid supply deficiency indicator diagram, the fixed valve leakage indicator diagram, the traveling valve leakage indicator diagram and the double valve leakage indicator diagram are divided into the following three types according to abnormal degrees of working conditions: slight, moderate, severe; the working conditions corresponding to the special type indicator diagram comprise five types of sucker rod breaking and releasing, piston breaking and releasing working cylinder, sand clamp, wax clamp and salt clamp,
at each interval of time T, the terminal control center compares the actual indicator diagram of the pumping unit with the indicator diagram in the standard indicator diagram library once, when the similarity between the actual indicator diagram and an indicator diagram in the standard indicator diagram library is larger than U, the working condition of the pumping unit is judged to be the working condition corresponding to the indicator diagram,
wherein T is set time, which is 1-10 hours, and U is more than 90%.
2. The efficient and energy-saving pumping unit system for oil fields as defined in claim 1, further comprising at least one of: peak-valley electricity energy storage unit, solar power generation unit and wind power generation unit.
3. The efficient and energy-saving pumping unit system for oil fields as set forth in claim 1, wherein the servo driver uses the self-contained torque ring and position ring to draw an actual indicator diagram of the pumping unit.
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