CN109988885B - Production method of low-carbon killed steel - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a production method of low-carbon killed steel, wherein the mass percentage of the upper limit of the carbon content of the low-carbon killed steel is 0.10-0.25%, carbon is left in a converter for boiling tapping, and the mass percentage of the carbon content at the end point is controlled according to that C is more than or equal to 0.05% and less than or equal to-0.03% of the upper limit of the finished product carbon; after molten steel in a boiling state enters an LF furnace treatment position, firstly adding a first batch of slag material to dilute the oxidability of top slag in a molten steel tank, and then adding a carbon deoxidizer; heating the electrode, and deoxidizing the carbide slag at high temperature by using lime, a carbon deoxidizer and an electric arc. The advantages are that: the method is carried out in an LF furnace under normal pressure. The carbon deoxidizer is used to replace partial silicon and aluminum as deoxidizer, so that the cost is reduced. Compared with the silicon deoxidation process and the aluminum deoxidation process which are commonly used at present, the cost per ton of steel can be reduced by 10-20 yuan. Meanwhile, the carbon deoxidation does not leave deoxidation product residues in the molten steel, and is beneficial to improving the cleanliness of the molten steel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of low-carbon steel production, and particularly relates to a production method of low-carbon killed steel.
Background
In the conventional steelmaking method, especially for producing low-carbon killed steel, deoxidation is mainly completed by depending on elements such as silicon, aluminum and the like which have stronger affinity with oxygen than iron. These elements react with oxygen dissolved in the molten steel to form deoxidation products insoluble in the molten steel, and the oxygen content in the steel is reduced due to their floating out.
The carbon deoxidation process is mainly applied to vacuum conditions, and carbon and oxygen are reacted by using RH, VD and other vacuum refining equipment. Under the vacuum condition, the excess carbon in the molten steel can react with oxygen to produce carbon-oxygen reaction, so that the oxygen in the molten steel can be changed into CO to be removed, at this time, the carbon can be used as deoxidant under the vacuum condition, and its deoxidization capacity can be raised with the improvement of vacuum degree. However, the vacuum condition for carbon deoxidation has high cost, and is commonly used for ultra-low carbon steel, high-grade pipeline steel with special requirements on gas content and other steel grades.
The low-carbon killed steel is produced under normal pressure, and generally, silicon alloy or aluminum alloy is added for deoxidation in the process of converter tapping, so that molten steel enters refining treatment after being killed. And a small amount of carburant is added in the tapping process of the converter for primary deoxidation, and then silicon deoxidation or aluminum deoxidation and alloying treatment are carried out. However, the foaming degree of the top slag is not easy to control, and the slag overflow risk is large. At present, silicon deoxidation or aluminum deoxidation is adopted to produce low-carbon killed steel, so that the production cost is higher.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a production method of low-carbon killed steel, which adopts a carbon deoxidation process under normal pressure to produce the low-carbon killed steel with the carbon content of the finished product of which the upper limit is 0.10-0.25 percent, utilizes the carbon deoxidizer, lime and electrode to heat up high-temperature carbide slag for deoxidation, improves the heating efficiency, reduces the consumption of the deoxidizer, reduces the alloy cost, reduces the Al2O3The molten steel cleanliness is improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the production method of the low-carbon killed steel comprises the following steps of:
1) making steel
a, leaving carbon in a converter, boiling and tapping, wherein the mass percent of the carbon content at the end point is controlled according to the mass percent of more than or equal to 0.05 percent and less than or equal to-0.03 percent of the upper limit of finished carbon;
b, controlling the clearance of the molten steel tank to be 400-600 mm;
2) refining
a, after molten steel in a boiling state enters an LF furnace treatment position, firstly adding a first batch of slag material to dilute the oxidability of top slag in a molten steel tank, and then adding a carbon deoxidizer;
b, heating the electrode, namely performing deoxidation by utilizing lime, a carburant and the high temperature of electric arc to generate carbide slag, adding two batches of slag in the heating process, wherein the weight ratio of the lime to the slag melting agent in the two batches of slag is controlled to be 4: 1-5: 1; controlling the amount of the slag charge of the second batch to be 0-6 kg/ton steel;
c, after the temperature is raised, adding a deoxidizing agent for final deoxidation, desulfurization, taking a process sample, alloying according to the process sample, finally adjusting the components, and casting on a machine.
The slagging agent in the step 2) is fluorite or bauxite or a slagging material taking bauxite as a main component; the carbon deoxidizer is a coke carburant or a petroleum coke carburant.
The first batch of slag charge and the adding amount thereof in the step 2) are 4-5 kg of lime per ton of steel and 2-2.5 kg of slag melting agent per ton of steel; the addition amount of the carbon deoxidizer is as follows: the amount of molten steel is x (the upper limit of finished carbon-the carbon content in molten steel is-0.01%)/the carbon deoxidizer carbon content.
When the deoxidizer in the step 2) is an aluminum wire section, the produced low-carbon killed steel is low-carbon aluminum killed steel; the number of the added first batch of aluminum wire sections is 1.1-1.9 kg/ton steel.
When the deoxidizer in the step 2) is ferrosilicon, the produced low-carbon killed steel is low-carbon silicon killed steel; adding the first batch of ferrosilicon after temperature rise: the molten steel amount is multiplied by (the upper limit of finished product silicon-the silicon content in the molten steel)/the silicon-iron content.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the production method of low-carbon killed steel is characterized by that the carbon deoxidation reaction is mainly implemented in LF furnace under the normal pressure. The carbon deoxidizer is used to replace partial silicon and aluminum as deoxidizer, so that the cost is reduced. Compared with the silicon deoxidation process and the aluminum deoxidation process which are commonly used at present, the cost per ton of steel can be reduced by 10-20 yuan. Meanwhile, the carbon deoxidation does not leave deoxidation product residues in the molten steel, and is beneficial to improving the cleanliness of the molten steel.
2. The invention uses the existing production equipment, adopts boiling molten steel to enter an LF furnace, and adds a carbon deoxidizer, lime and a slagging agent into the molten steel in a boiling state, and utilizes the carbon deoxidizer, the lime and the high temperature of an electrode to heat up to produce carbide slag for deoxidation.
3. The proportion of the lime of the first slag material of the LF furnace and the slagging agent is controlled, so that the carbide slag generated in the carbon deoxidation reaction process has a good submerged arc effect, and the electrode heating efficiency can be improved. And an electrode heating mode is adopted, and the heating rate of the LF furnace is increased from 3-5 ℃/min to 4-6 ℃/min.
4. In the LF process, a carbon deoxidizer is added to the boiling molten steel, so that slag overflow is likely to occur. The slag is added firstly to dilute the oxidability of the top slag in the molten steel tank, so that the slag overflow risk of adding a carbon deoxidizer is eliminated; the carbon deoxidation process can meet the normal production requirement.
5. The method can improve the accuracy of the first aluminum addition of the deoxidizer in the LF furnace, and avoid the phenomenon of repeated aluminum addition of the deoxidizer caused by inaccurate first aluminum addition of the deoxidizer. Thereby ensuring the stable quality of the molten steel after the LF furnace is finished and the stable production of the LF furnace.
6. By adopting the method, the silicon return of the molten steel in the LF furnace treatment process can be reduced, and the low-silicon killed steel with the upper limit of 0.03 percent of the finished product silicon can be stably produced.
7. The operation of the LF is greatly influenced by the LF length experience and the molten steel entering the LF, the operation of the LF is modeled, the influence of human factors and the molten steel entering the LF on the operation of the LF is reduced, and the method is favorable for realizing the intelligent production of the LF.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below, but it should be noted that the practice of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
The production method of the low-carbon killed steel comprises the following steps of:
1) making steel
a, leaving carbon in a converter, boiling and tapping, wherein the mass percent of the carbon content at the end point is controlled according to the mass percent of more than or equal to 0.05 percent and less than or equal to-0.03 percent of the upper limit of finished carbon;
b, controlling the clearance of the molten steel tank to be 300-600 mm;
2) refining
a, after molten steel in a boiling state enters an LF furnace treatment position, firstly adding a first batch of slag material to dilute the oxidability of top slag in a molten steel tank, and then adding a carbon deoxidizer;
b, heating the electrode for 5-10 minutes, performing high-temperature acetylene sludge deoxidation by using lime, a carbon deoxidizer and an electric arc, and adding two batches of slag materials in the heating process, wherein the weight ratio of the lime to the slag melting agent in the two batches of slag materials is controlled to be 4: 1-5: 1; controlling the amount of the slag charge of the second batch to be 0-6 kg/ton steel;
c, after the temperature is raised, adding a deoxidizing agent for final deoxidation, desulfurization, taking a process sample, alloying according to the process sample, finally adjusting the components, and casting on a machine.
The slagging agent in the step 2) is fluorite or bauxite or a slagging material taking bauxite as a main component; the carbon deoxidizer is a coke carburant or a petroleum coke carburant.
The first batch of slag charge and the adding amount thereof in the step 2) are 4-5 kg of lime per ton of steel and 2-2.5 kg of slag melting agent per ton of steel; the addition amount of the carbon deoxidizer is as follows: the amount of molten steel is x (the upper limit of finished carbon-the carbon content in molten steel is-0.01%)/the carbon deoxidizer carbon content.
When the deoxidizer in the step 2) is an aluminum wire section, the produced low-carbon killed steel is low-carbon aluminum killed steel; the number of the added first batch of aluminum wire sections is 1.1-1.9 kg/ton steel, the upper limit of finished carbon is higher than the lower limit, and the upper limit of finished carbon is lower than the upper limit.
When the deoxidizer in the step 2) is ferrosilicon, the produced low-carbon killed steel is low-carbon silicon killed steel; adding the first batch of ferrosilicon after temperature rise: the molten steel amount is multiplied by (the upper limit of finished product silicon-the silicon content in the molten steel)/the silicon-iron content.
Example one
The production method of the low-carbon killed steel comprises the following steps of:
1. steel-making process
1) The end point carbon content of the converter is 0.05 percent;
2) tapping is carried out in a boiling way, and the clearance of the large tank is 400 mm.
2. Refining procedure
1) After molten steel enters an LF furnace treatment position, adding slag (4 kg/ton of steel white ash and 2 kg/ton of steel bauxite), and after the slag is completely melted, adding a carbon deoxidizer, wherein the adding amount of the carbon deoxidizer is x (the upper carbon limit of a finished product-the carbon content in the molten steel is-0.01%)/the carbon deoxidizer carbon content; .
2) Heating the electrode for 9 minutes, and blowing argon: 200L/min.
3) In the temperature rising process, adding the rest slag materials, wherein lime and bauxite in the rest slag materials are respectively 2 kg/ton steel and 0.5 kg/ton steel;
4) after the temperature rise, the addition amount of the first batch of aluminum wire segments is 1.8 kg/ton steel.
5) And (3) timely sticking and taking the slag sample, and when the slag sample changes color and is light green or transparent glass slag, taking the process sample and finally adjusting the components according to the process sample.
6) After molten steel is alloyed, feeding an aluminum-calcium wire of 2 m/ton steel, and blowing argon for 3 minutes to machine.
Example two
The production method of the low-carbon killed steel comprises the following steps of:
1. steel-making process
1) The carbon content at the end point of the converter is 0.06 percent;
2) tapping is carried out in a boiling way, and the clearance of the large tank is 500 mm.
2. Refining procedure
1) After molten steel enters an LF furnace treatment position, adding slag (4.5 kg/ton steel white ash and 2.3 kg/ton steel bauxite), and after the slag is completely melted, adding a carbon deoxidizer, wherein the adding amount of the carbon deoxidizer is x (finished carbon upper limit-carbon content in molten steel-0.01%)/carbon deoxidizer carbon content; .
2) Heating the electrode for 8 minutes, and blowing argon: 260L/min.
3) In the temperature rising process, adding the rest slag materials, wherein the lime and the bauxite in the rest slag materials are respectively 1.5 kg/ton steel and 0.3 kg/ton steel;
4) after the temperature rise, the addition amount of the first batch of aluminum wire segments is 1.5 kg/ton steel.
5) And (3) timely sticking and taking the slag sample, and when the slag sample changes color and is light green or transparent glass slag, taking the process sample and finally adjusting the components according to the process sample.
6) After molten steel is alloyed, feeding an aluminum-calcium wire of 2.5 m/ton steel, and blowing argon for 3 minutes.
EXAMPLE III
The production method of the low-carbon killed steel comprises the following steps of:
1. steel-making process
1) The end point carbon content of the converter is 0.09%;
2) tapping is carried out in a boiling way, and the clearance of the big tank is 600 mm.
2. Refining procedure
1) After molten steel enters an LF furnace treatment position, adding slag (5 kg/ton of steel white ash and 2.5 kg/ton of steel bauxite), and after the slag is completely melted, adding a carbon deoxidizer, wherein the adding amount of the carbon deoxidizer is x (the upper limit of finished carbon-the carbon content in the molten steel is-0.01%)/the carbon deoxidizer carbon content; .
2) Heating the electrode for 10 minutes, and blowing argon: 300L/min.
3) In the temperature rising process, adding the rest slag materials, wherein lime and bauxite in the rest slag materials are respectively 3 kg/ton steel and 0.7 kg/ton steel;
4) after the temperature rise, the addition amount of the first batch of aluminum wire segments is 1.2 kg/ton steel.
5) And (3) timely sticking and taking the slag sample, and when the slag sample changes color and is light green or transparent glass slag, taking the process sample and finally adjusting the components according to the process sample.
6) After molten steel is alloyed, feeding 3 m/ton of steel aluminum-calcium wire, blowing argon for 3 minutes and loading the machine.
Example four
The production method of the low-carbon killed steel comprises the following steps of:
1. steel-making process
1) The carbon content at the end point of the converter is 0.06 percent;
2) tapping is carried out in a boiling way, and the clearance of the large tank is 500 mm.
2. Refining procedure
1) After molten steel enters an LF furnace treatment position, adding slag (4 kg/ton of steel white ash and 2 kg/ton of steel bauxite), and after the slag is completely melted, adding a carbon deoxidizer, wherein the adding amount of the carbon deoxidizer is x (the upper carbon limit of a finished product-the carbon content in the molten steel is-0.01%)/the carbon deoxidizer carbon content; .
2) Heating the electrode for 9 minutes, and blowing argon: 230L/min.
3) In the temperature rising process, adding the rest slag materials, wherein lime and bauxite in the rest slag materials are respectively 2 kg/ton steel and 0.4 kg/ton steel;
4) and after the temperature is raised, the adding amount of the ferrosilicon is the molten steel amount multiplied by (the upper limit of finished product silicon-the silicon content in the molten steel)/the silicon content of the ferrosilicon.
5) And (3) timely sticking and taking the slag sample, and when the slag sample changes color and is light green or transparent glass slag, taking the process sample and finally adjusting the components according to the process sample.
6) After molten steel is alloyed, feeding a silicon-calcium wire of 2 m/ton steel, and blowing argon for 3 minutes to machine.
EXAMPLE five
The production method of the low-carbon killed steel comprises the following steps of:
1. steel-making process
1) The end point carbon content of the converter is 0.12 percent;
2) tapping is carried out in a boiling way, and the clearance of the large tank is 400 mm.
2. Refining procedure
1) After molten steel enters an LF furnace treatment position, adding slag (4.3 kg/ton steel white ash and 2.2 kg/ton steel bauxite), and after the slag is completely melted, adding a carbon deoxidizer, wherein the adding amount of the carbon deoxidizer is x (finished carbon upper limit-carbon content in molten steel-0.01%)/carbon deoxidizer carbon content; .
2) Heating the electrode for 8 minutes, and blowing argon: 270L/min.
3) In the temperature rising process, adding the rest slag materials, wherein lime and bauxite in the rest slag materials are respectively 2.5 kg/ton steel and 0.5 kg/ton steel;
4) and after the temperature is raised, the adding amount of the ferrosilicon is the molten steel amount multiplied by (the upper limit of finished product silicon-the silicon content in the molten steel)/the silicon content of the ferrosilicon.
5) And (3) timely sticking and taking the slag sample, and when the slag sample changes color and is light green or transparent glass slag, taking the process sample and finally adjusting the components according to the process sample.
6) After molten steel is alloyed, feeding a silicon-calcium wire of 1.5 m/ton steel, and blowing argon for 3 minutes to machine.
Claims (5)
1. The production method of the low-carbon killed steel is characterized in that the mass percentage of the upper limit of the carbon content of the low-carbon killed steel is 0.10-0.25%, and the production method comprises the following steps:
1) making steel
a, leaving carbon in a converter, boiling and tapping, wherein the mass percent of the carbon content at the end point is controlled according to the mass percent of more than or equal to 0.05 percent and less than or equal to-0.03 percent of the upper limit of finished carbon;
b, controlling the clearance of the molten steel tank to be 400-600 mm;
2) refining
a, after molten steel in a boiling state enters an LF furnace treatment position, firstly adding a first batch of slag material to dilute the oxidability of top slag in a molten steel tank, and then adding a carbon deoxidizer; the carbon deoxidizer is a coke carburant or a petroleum coke carburant; the addition amount of the carbon deoxidizer is as follows: the amount of molten steel is x (the upper limit of finished carbon-the carbon content in molten steel is-0.01%)/the carbon content of the carbon deoxidizer;
b, heating the electrode, namely performing deoxidation by utilizing lime, a carburant and the high temperature of electric arc to generate carbide slag, adding two batches of slag in the heating process, wherein the weight ratio of the lime to the slag melting agent in the two batches of slag is controlled to be 4: 1-5: 1; controlling the amount of the slag charge of the second batch to be 0-6 kg/ton steel;
c, after the temperature is raised, adding a deoxidizing agent for final deoxidation, desulfurization, taking a process sample, alloying according to the process sample, finally adjusting the components, and casting on a machine.
2. The method for producing low-carbon killed steel according to claim 1, wherein the slagging agent in step 2) is fluorite or bauxite or a slagging material containing bauxite as a main component.
3. The method for producing low-carbon killed steel according to claim 1, wherein the first slag charge in step 2) and the addition amount thereof are 4-5 kg lime per ton steel and 2-2.5 kg slag melting agent per ton steel.
4. The method for producing a low-carbon killed steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the deoxidizer in step 2) c is an aluminum wire section, the produced low-carbon killed steel is a low-carbon aluminum killed steel; the number of the added aluminum wire segments is 1.1-1.9 kg/ton steel.
5. The method for producing a low-carbon killed steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the deoxidizer c in step 2) is ferrosilicon, the produced low-carbon killed steel is a low-carbon silicon killed steel; the quantity of added ferrosilicon after temperature rise is as follows: the molten steel amount is multiplied by (the upper limit of finished product silicon-the silicon content in the molten steel)/the silicon-iron content.
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| CN102051440A (en) * | 2009-11-10 | 2011-05-11 | 攀钢集团钢铁钒钛股份有限公司 | Molten steel deoxidizing and carbureting method and steelmaking method |
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