CN109980681B - Generating capacity optimizing system of photovoltaic power station - Google Patents
Generating capacity optimizing system of photovoltaic power station Download PDFInfo
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- H02J3/383—
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
- H02S20/30—Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment
- H02S20/32—Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment specially adapted for solar tracking
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/10—Cleaning arrangements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/40—Thermal components
- H02S40/42—Cooling means
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, in particular to a power generation amount optimization system of a photovoltaic power station. The power generation optimization system of the photovoltaic power station comprises a photovoltaic module, a power generation module and a power generation module, wherein the photovoltaic module is used for absorbing sunlight and converting solar radiation energy into electric energy, and is formed by connecting solar cells in series or in parallel; the storage battery pack is used for storing electric energy generated by the photovoltaic module, and the photovoltaic module is connected with the storage battery pack through a photovoltaic controller and used for carrying out overcharge and over-discharge protection on the storage battery pack; the inverter is connected with the storage battery pack and used for converting the direct current into alternating current; still include the cooling cycle unit, the cooling cycle unit with photovoltaic module connects for carry out cooling to photovoltaic module. The photovoltaic module is cooled by cooling water circulation, so that the utilization rate of the photovoltaic module is greatly improved, a power generation system of a photovoltaic power station is optimized, and the power generation efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, in particular to a power generation amount optimization system of a photovoltaic power station.
Background
The photovoltaic power station is a power generation system which is formed by using solar energy and electronic elements made of special materials such as a crystalline silicon plate, an inverter and the like, and is connected with a power grid and transmits power to the power grid. The photovoltaic power station belongs to the green power development energy project with the greatest national encouragement. Photovoltaic power generation has the advantage of being less geographically constrained because sunlight generally illuminates the ground; the photovoltaic system also has the advantages of safety, reliability, no noise, low pollution, no need of consuming fuel and erecting a power transmission line, on-site power generation and supply and short construction period. Photovoltaic power generation products are mainly used in three major areas: firstly, a power supply is provided for a non-electricity occasion; solar electronic products such as various solar chargers, solar street lamps and various solar grassland lamps; thirdly, grid-connected power generation is carried out, which is already popularized and implemented in a large scale in developed countries. The existing photovoltaic power station uses the photoelectric conversion of a solar photovoltaic panel to convert direct current output by the solar photovoltaic panel into a device which can be directly connected with a grid or a load, the efficiency of converting electric energy is low, and only less than 10.47 percent of the energy of light is converted into alternating current electric energy to be output at present. Therefore, the generated energy of the photovoltaic power station needs to be improved, and when the photovoltaic panel works at a higher temperature, the open-circuit voltage is greatly reduced along with the rise of the temperature, and meanwhile, the charging working point is seriously deviated, so that the system is easily damaged due to insufficient charging; the temperature of the photovoltaic panel rises by 1 ℃, the maximum output power of the crystalline silicon solar cell is reduced by 0.04%, the open-circuit voltage is reduced by 0.04% (-2 mv/DEG C), and the short-circuit current is increased by 0.04%, so that the photovoltaic module cannot fully exert the maximum performance, and therefore, a photovoltaic power station power generation optimization system is urgently needed to cool the photovoltaic panel in work to improve the power generation of the photovoltaic power station.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a power generation optimization system of a photovoltaic power station, which is used for cooling a photovoltaic panel in work so as to improve the power generation of the photovoltaic power station.
The power generation capacity optimization system of the photovoltaic power station comprises a photovoltaic module, an inverter, a cooling circulation unit and a control unit, wherein the photovoltaic module is used for absorbing sunlight and converting solar radiation energy into electric energy, the photovoltaic module is formed by connecting solar cells in series or in parallel and is used for storing a storage battery pack of the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic module, the photovoltaic module is connected with the storage battery pack through a photovoltaic controller and is used for carrying out overcharge and overdischarge protection on the storage battery pack, the inverter is connected with the storage battery pack and is used for converting direct current into alternating current, and the cooling circulation unit is connected with the photovoltaic module and is used for cooling the photovoltaic module.
The photovoltaic module is including the photovoltaic board that is used for absorbing solar radiation, the photovoltaic board sets up in the backup pad, the backup pad passes through the bracing piece and the angle pivot is connected with the base, still including being used for the centralized management photovoltaic power plant's the generated energy optimizing system's centralized processing ware for the clearance photovoltaic board surface dust the clearance module with be used for measuring the measuring module of illumination intensity.
Furthermore, one end of the supporting rod is connected to the worm gear through a worm gear central shaft and moves together with the worm gear, and the other end of the supporting rod is connected to the sliding block through a sliding block rotating shaft and outputs curvilinear motion.
Furthermore, two sides of the supporting plate are respectively provided with a slider groove, the slider is driven by the supporting rod to do relative linear motion along the slider grooves, and the slider drives the slider grooves, namely, the supporting plate is driven to do curvilinear motion, so that the corresponding control angle is adjusted.
Further, a motor groove is formed in the base, a first motor is installed in the motor groove, an output shaft of the first motor keeps horizontal, the output shaft of the first motor is connected with a worm, the worm and a worm wheel are coupled with each other, the worm wheel is connected with a support rod through a worm wheel central shaft, the first motor outputs a rotation action to the worm, and the combination of the worm wheel and the worm converts horizontal rotation motion into linear motion to drive the support rod to move.
Further, in order to enable the photovoltaic panel to receive solar radiation to the maximum, the angle between the photovoltaic panel and the base is adjusted according to the following formula (1),
wherein gamma is the angle between the photovoltaic panel and the base, A represents the illumination intensity0Representing the annual average illumination intensity, T representing the average time of day, Td representing the equivalent time of day for the worst season of day, γ0Denotes an initial angle, and C denotes an angle correction coefficient, wherein the angle correction coefficient is 0.95.
Further, the central processor adjusts the angle gamma between the photovoltaic panel and the base according to the formula (1), so that the photovoltaic panel can intelligently adjust the most reasonable angle according to the change of seasons and weather, and the function of the photovoltaic panel is exerted to the maximum.
Further, the measuring module comprises an illuminometer for measuring the illumination intensity, and the measurement data of the illuminometer is transmitted to the centralized processor so as to complete the operation of the formula (1).
The cleaning module is including the cylinder that is used for twining the haulage rope, and the left and right sides of cylinder sets up cylinder support respectively, cylinder support fixes both ends about backup pad upper portion are used for supporting the cylinder, the both sides of cylinder respectively have a roller bearing, the one end and the coupling spindle of roller bearing are connected, and the other end and retarder connection, the reduction gear is located inside the cylinder, the reduction gear with cylinder integrated into one piece.
Furthermore, the connecting shaft is connected with a second motor, and the second motor drives the connecting shaft to rotate so as to drive the speed reducer and control the rotation of the roller.
Further, the second motor is installed on the motor box, and can effectively protect the motor from being interfered by external environment, and service life is prolonged.
Further, the cleaning module still includes the brush that is used for clearing up photovoltaic board surface, the brush passes through the haulage rope with the cylinder is connected, and the haulage rope can adjust length under the drive of cylinder to drive the brush and reciprocate.
Further, the outer side of the brush is a stainless steel metal block, and certain pressure is provided when the brush wipes the photovoltaic panel.
Further, the metal block is of a hollow structure, small holes with the interval of 1cm are formed in the face, close to the hairbrush, of the metal block, the small holes are communicated with one another, a through hole is formed in the upper portion of the metal block and can be connected with all the small holes, the through hole is connected with a small air compressor, and the small air compressor is used for generating compressed air to clear away dust on the surface of the photovoltaic panel.
Further, a gap is reserved between the baffle and the photovoltaic panel, so that dust cleaned on the photovoltaic panel can be conveniently leaked down.
Furthermore, a first pressure sensor is arranged on the surface of the baffle, a second pressure sensor is arranged on the surface of the roller and used for sensing the position change of the brush, the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor detect that pressure information is transmitted to the centralized processor, and the centralized processor controls the rotation direction of the roller according to the pressure information of the baffle and the surface of the roller. The cooling unit is including laying condenser tube, water tank, cooling tower, water pump and the water pump control module at the photovoltaic module back, be equipped with in the water tank cooling water with condenser tube connects, the water inlet is seted up at cooling tower's top with condenser tube passes through a water pump and connects, and the delivery port is seted up to the bottom and is connected with the water tank, is used for right the cooling water cools down, the water pump still is connected with a water pump control module, is used for control opening and close of cooling cycle unit.
Furthermore, the cooling water pipes are adhered to the back of the photovoltaic module through low-temperature welding or heat conducting glue and distributed in an S shape, and the distance between the cooling water pipes is smaller than 1cm, so that the contact thermal resistance of the cooling water pipes is minimized, and the surface of the photovoltaic module is uniformly cooled.
Further, the photovoltaic module is provided with a thermocouple element for measuring the temperature of the surface of the photovoltaic module, and the surface of the photovoltaic module is also provided with a solar radiation sensor for measuring the intensity of solar radiation and transmitting the measurement data to the water pump control module, and the water pump control module calculates the temperature influence coefficient K according to a formula (2):
wherein F represents the surface temperature average value of the photovoltaic module in the time delta t, i represents the current average value of the photovoltaic module in the time delta t, m represents the solar radiation intensity average value in the time delta t, S represents the effective light absorption area of the photovoltaic module, W represents the power generation amount of the photovoltaic module with the area S in the time delta t, theta is 15 degrees, E is a correction coefficient, and the value is 0.95.
Further, when the temperature influence coefficient K is larger than 0.5, the water pump control module controls the water pump to operate, the cooling circulation unit is started, cooling water enters a cooling water pipe on the back of the photovoltaic module from a water tank, absorbs heat from the photovoltaic module, enters the cooling water tower from a water inlet at the top of the cooling water tower under the action of the water pump, flows back to the water tank from a water outlet at the bottom through cooling, and forms a cooling water circulation system, so that the photovoltaic module is cooled, and the power generation capacity of the photovoltaic power station is optimized; and when the temperature influence coefficient K is less than 0.5, the temperature of the photovoltaic module is recovered to a normal level, and the water pump control module controls the water pump to stop running.
Furthermore, a bypass diode is arranged in the photovoltaic module, each solar cell in the series group is respectively connected with the bypass diode, the anode of the bypass diode is connected with the cathode of the solar cell, and the cathode of the bypass diode is connected with the anode of the solar cell, so as to protect the photovoltaic module from being influenced by the fault of a single solar cell during working.
Furthermore, the bypass diode is a rectifier diode, and the specification of the bypass diode selects the rectifier diode with the reverse peak value breakdown voltage and the maximum working current both more than twice as large as the maximum operation working voltage and the working current of the photovoltaic power station power generation system.
Furthermore, the storage battery pack adopts an alkaline nickel-cadmium storage battery, and compared with a common lead-acid storage battery, the alkaline nickel-chromium storage battery has better deep circulation capability and is suitable for batteries which can be normally used under different environmental requirements, such as high altitude, high temperature, low temperature and the like.
Furthermore, one end of the photovoltaic controller is connected with the photovoltaic module, and the other end of the photovoltaic controller is connected with the storage battery pack and used for protecting the storage battery from being damaged due to overcharge, overdischarge or backflow.
Further, the inverter is connected with the storage battery pack and used for converting direct current output by the storage battery pack into alternating current.
Further, the inverter is a grid-connected inverter and is used for feeding back the electric energy output by the storage battery to a power grid.
Compared with the prior art, the power generation capacity optimization system of the photovoltaic power station has the advantages that the cooling circulation unit is arranged, the photovoltaic assembly is cooled by cooling water circulation, the utilization rate of the photovoltaic assembly is greatly improved, the power generation system of the photovoltaic power station is optimized, and the power generation efficiency is improved.
Furthermore, the cooling circulation unit disclosed by the invention is simple in structure, convenient to install and low in energy consumption, one cooling circulation unit can be flexibly connected with a plurality of photovoltaic modules in series and parallel at the same time, and the cooling circulation unit can adapt to photovoltaic power generation systems with various requirements.
According to the photovoltaic module, each solar cell connected in series is provided with the bypass diode, the solar cell can bypass the fault solar cell well, when one solar cell breaks down, forward bias is formed at two ends of the bypass diode connected with the solar cell, the bypass diode is conducted, working current bypasses the fault solar cell and flows through the bypass diode, normal power generation of other solar cells in the series group is not influenced, and power generation of the whole system is prevented from being influenced due to faults of a single solar cell.
Furthermore, the invention adopts an MPPT photovoltaic controller, one end of the MPPT photovoltaic controller is connected with the photovoltaic module, the other end of the MPPT photovoltaic controller is connected with the storage battery pack, when the charging voltage is higher than the protection voltage, the storage battery is automatically turned off to charge the storage battery, then when the voltage drops to the maintenance voltage, the storage battery enters a floating charge state, when the voltage is lower than the recovery voltage, the floating charge is turned off, and the storage battery enters an even charge state, when the voltage of the storage battery is lower than the protection voltage, the controller automatically turns off the output to protect the storage battery from being damaged, when the storage battery is charged again, the power supply can be automatically recovered, and meanwhile, the Schottky diode is adopted to effectively prevent the current of the storage battery pack from reversely flowing to the photovoltaic module when the photovoltaic module.
Furthermore, the storage battery adopted by the invention is an alkaline nickel-chromium storage battery which has better deep circulation capability and is suitable for batteries which can be normally used under different environmental requirements, such as high altitude, high temperature, low temperature and the like
Furthermore, the photovoltaic power station generated energy optimization system is extremely refined, reliable and stable, simple and convenient to install and maintain and long in service life.
Drawings
Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Also, like reference numerals are used to refer to like parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a power generation optimization system of a photovoltaic power plant according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a power generation optimization system of a photovoltaic power station according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a cooling unit of the power generation optimization system of the photovoltaic power station in the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are only for explaining the technical principle of the invention, and do not limit the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that in the description of the present invention, the terms of direction or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are only for convenience of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, it should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations. Referring to fig. 1, which is a schematic structural diagram of an electric energy generation optimization system of a photovoltaic power station according to an embodiment of the present invention, the electric energy generation optimization system of the photovoltaic power station according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a photovoltaic module 1 formed by connecting solar cells in series or in parallel, a storage battery 2 for absorbing sunlight and converting solar radiation energy into electric energy and storing the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic module 1, the photovoltaic module 1 is connected to the storage battery 2 through a photovoltaic controller 3 and is configured to perform overcharge and overdischarge protection on the storage battery 2, an inverter 4 is connected to the storage battery 2 and is configured to convert direct current into alternating current, and a cooling circulation unit 5, and the cooling circulation unit 5 is connected to the photovoltaic module 1 and is configured to cool the photovoltaic module 1.
Referring to fig. 2, the photovoltaic module 1 includes a photovoltaic panel 12 for absorbing solar radiation, the photovoltaic panel 12 is disposed on a supporting plate 120, the supporting plate 120 is connected to a base 16 through a supporting rod 11 and an angle rotating shaft 17, and further includes a centralized processor 14, a cleaning module 13 for cleaning dust on the surface of the photovoltaic panel, and a measuring module 15 for measuring the illumination intensity.
Specifically, one end of the support rod 11 is connected to the worm wheel 164 through the worm wheel center shaft 165 and moves together with the worm wheel 164, and the other end of the support rod 11 is connected to the slider 1202 through the slider rotating shaft 1203 and outputs a curved motion.
Specifically, a slider groove 1201 is respectively formed on two sides of the support plate 120, the slider 1202 is driven by the support rod 11 to move linearly along the slider groove 201, and the slider 1202 drives the slider groove 1201, that is, the support plate 120 is driven to move in a curve, and a corresponding control angle is adjusted, so that the photovoltaic panel 2 can receive solar radiation to the maximum extent, and the power generation efficiency is improved.
Specifically, a motor groove 161 is formed in the base 16, a first motor 162 is installed in the motor groove 161, an output shaft of the first motor 162 is kept horizontal, the output shaft of the first motor is connected with a worm 163, the worm 163 is coupled with a worm wheel 164, the worm wheel 164 is connected with the support rod 11 through a worm wheel central shaft 165, the first motor 162 outputs a rotation motion to the worm 163, and the combination of the worm wheel and the worm converts the horizontal rotation motion into a linear motion to drive the support rod 11 to move.
In order to be able to maximize the reception of solar radiation by the photovoltaic panel, the angle between the photovoltaic panel 12 and the base 16 is adjusted according to the following formula (1),
wherein γ is the angle between the photovoltaic panel 12 and the base 16, A represents the illumination intensity, A represents the intensity of the illumination0Representing the annual average illumination intensity, T representing the average time of day, Td representing the equivalent time of day for the worst season of day, γ0Denotes an initial angle, and C denotes an angle correction coefficient, wherein the angle correction coefficient is 0.95.
Specifically, the central processor 4 adjusts the angle γ between the photovoltaic panel 12 and the base 16 according to the above formula (1), so that the photovoltaic panel 12 can be intelligently adjusted to a most reasonable angle according to the change of seasons and weather, and the function of the photovoltaic panel is maximized.
Specifically, the measurement module 15 includes an illuminometer for measuring the illumination intensity, and the measurement data thereof is transmitted to the central processor 14 to complete the operation of formula (1).
The cleaning module 13 comprises a roller 130 for winding the traction rope 136, roller supports 1301 are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the roller 130, the roller supports 1301 are fixed at the left end and the right end of the upper portion of the supporting plate 120 and used for supporting the roller 130, two sides of the roller 130 are respectively provided with a roller, one end of each roller is connected with a connecting shaft 131, the other end of each roller is connected with a speed reducer, the speed reducer is located inside the roller, and the speed reducer and the roller 130 are integrally formed.
Specifically, the connecting shaft 131 is connected to a second motor 132, and the second motor 132 drives the connecting shaft 131 to rotate so as to drive the speed reducer, thereby controlling the rotation of the drum.
Particularly, the second motor 132 is installed on the motor box 133, so that the motor can be effectively protected from being interfered by the external environment, and the service life is prolonged.
Particularly, clearance module 13 is still including the brush 134 that is used for clearing up photovoltaic board 12 surface, brush 34 passes through haulage rope 136 with cylinder 130 is connected, and haulage rope 136 can adjust length under the drive of cylinder 130 to drive brush 134 and reciprocate, the brush material is soft, cleans the photovoltaic board repeatedly and can not cause the damage to it, in order to reach the mesh of clearance photovoltaic board surface dust.
Particularly, the outside of brush 134 is the stainless steel metal block, provides certain pressure when the photovoltaic board is wiped in the brush for the photovoltaic board is cleared up more fast cleanly.
Specifically, the metal block is hollow structure, and the one side that is close to brush 134 is equipped with the interval and is a plurality of aperture of 1cm, the aperture communicates each other, a through-hole 137 is seted up to the top of metal block, all apertures can be connected to through-hole 137, the through-hole is connected with a small-size air compressor 138, small-size air compressor 138 is used for producing compressed air and clears away the dust on photovoltaic board 12 surface.
Specifically, a gap is left between the baffle and the photovoltaic panel 12, so that dust cleaned on the photovoltaic panel can be leaked.
Specifically, a first pressure sensor is disposed on the surface of the baffle, a second pressure sensor is disposed on the surface of the roller 130 for sensing the position change of the brush, the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor detect the pressure information and transmit the pressure information to the central processor 14, and the central processor 14 controls the rotation direction of the roller according to the pressure information of the baffle and the surface of the roller.
Specifically, the bypass diode is arranged inside the photovoltaic panel 12, each solar cell in the series group is respectively connected with the bypass diode, the anode of the bypass diode is connected with the cathode of the solar cell, the cathode of the bypass diode is connected with the anode of the solar cell and is used for protecting the photovoltaic panel 12 from being influenced by the fault of a single solar cell during working, when one solar cell is in fault, the two ends of the bypass diode connected with the solar cell form forward bias voltage to enable the bypass diode to be conducted, the working current bypasses the fault solar cell and flows through the bypass diode, and the normal power generation of other solar cells in the series group is not influenced.
Specifically, the bypass diode is a rectifier diode, and the specification of the bypass diode selects the rectifier diode with the reverse peak breakdown voltage and the maximum working current both more than twice as large as the maximum operating voltage and the working current of the photovoltaic power station power generation system.
Specifically, the storage battery pack 2 adopts an alkaline nickel-cadmium storage battery, and compared with a common lead-acid storage battery, the alkaline nickel-cadmium storage battery has better deep circulation capability and is suitable for batteries which can be normally used under different environmental requirements, such as high altitude, high temperature, low temperature and the like.
Specifically, the photovoltaic controller 3 is connected with the storage battery pack 2, in the embodiment of the invention, an MPPT photovoltaic controller is adopted, one end of the MPPT photovoltaic controller is connected with the photovoltaic module 1, the other end of the MPPT photovoltaic controller is connected with the storage battery pack 2, when the charging voltage is higher than the protection voltage, the charging of the storage battery is automatically turned off, then when the voltage drops to the maintenance voltage, the storage battery enters a float charging state, when the voltage is lower than the recovery voltage, the float charging is turned off, and the storage battery enters an even charging state, when the voltage of the storage battery is lower than the protection voltage, the controller automatically turns off the output to protect the storage battery from being damaged, when the storage battery is charged again, the power supply can be automatically recovered, and meanwhile, the schottky diode is adopted, so that the current of the storage.
Specifically, the inverter 4 is connected to the storage battery pack 2 and configured to convert direct current output by the storage battery pack 2 into alternating current, the inverter 4 is a grid-connected inverter and configured to feed back electric energy output by the storage battery to a power grid, and if the power grid is powered off, a line supplying power to the power grid needs to be quickly cut off, so that the grid-connected inverter is also closed when the power grid is powered off, and personnel maintaining the power grid are prevented from being injured.
In addition, the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation is reduced along with the increase of the temperature, in order to optimize the power generation amount of the photovoltaic power station, the photovoltaic module needs to be cooled, and the cooling unit 5 is arranged to cool the photovoltaic module 1.
Referring to fig. 3, the cooling unit 5 includes a cooling water pipe 51, a water tank 52, a cooling water tower 53, a water pump 54, and a water pump control module 55, which are laid on the back of the photovoltaic module 1, the cooling water is filled in the water tank 52 and connected to the cooling water pipe 51, a water inlet is formed at the top of the cooling water tower 53 and connected to the cooling water pipe 51 through the water pump 54, a water outlet is formed at the bottom of the cooling water tower 53 and connected to the water tank 52 for cooling the cooling water, and the water pump 54 is further connected to the water pump control module 55 for controlling the on/off of the cooling circulation unit.
Specifically, the cooling water pipes 51 are adhered to the back surface of the photovoltaic module 1 by low-temperature welding or heat conducting glue and distributed in an S shape, and the distance between the cooling water pipes is less than 1cm, so that the contact thermal resistance of the cooling water pipes is minimized, and the surface of the photovoltaic module is uniformly cooled.
In particular, the photovoltaic component 1 is provided with a plurality of thermocouple elements for measuring the temperature of the surface of the photovoltaic component 1, the surface of the photovoltaic component is also provided with a solar radiation sensor for measuring the intensity of solar radiation,
and transmits the measurement data to the water pump control module 55, the water pump control module 55 calculates the temperature influence coefficient K according to the formula (2):
wherein F represents the surface temperature average value of the photovoltaic module 1 in the time delta t, i represents the current average value of the photovoltaic module 1 in the time delta t, m represents the solar radiation intensity average value in the time delta t, S represents the effective light absorption area of the photovoltaic module 1, W represents the power generation amount of the photovoltaic module with the area S in the time delta t, theta is 15 degrees, E is a correction coefficient, and the value is 0.95.
When the temperature influence coefficient K is greater than 0.5, the water pump control module 55 controls the water pump 54 to operate, the cooling circulation unit 5 is started, cooling water enters the cooling water pipe 51 on the back of the photovoltaic module 1 from the water tank 52 to absorb heat from the photovoltaic module 1, then enters the cooling water tower from the water inlet at the top of the cooling water tower 53 under the action of the water pump 54, and flows back to the water tank 52 from the water outlet at the bottom through cooling to form a cooling water circulation system, so that the photovoltaic module is cooled, and the power generation capacity of the photovoltaic power station is optimized; when the temperature influence coefficient K is less than 0.5, the temperature of the photovoltaic module 1 returns to a normal level, and the water pump control module 55 controls the water pump 54 to stop running. Those skilled in the art can understand that the arrangement of the above structures is adjusted according to the actual use environment and the size of the space, and only the requirements of realizing the flow process and reducing the space as much as possible are met.
The photovoltaic power generation system effectively solves the problems that the photovoltaic component temperature is too high and the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic power station is affected, and the photovoltaic component temperature is uneven, greatly improves the utilization efficiency of the photovoltaic component, optimizes the power generation system, has a simple structure, is convenient to install, has low energy consumption, can be flexibly connected with a plurality of photovoltaic components in series and parallel at the same time by one cooling unit, and can adapt to the photovoltaic power generation systems with various requirements.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. A system for optimizing the amount of power generated by a photovoltaic power plant, comprising:
the photovoltaic module is used for absorbing sunlight and converting solar radiation energy into electric energy, and comprises a plurality of solar cells which are connected in series or in parallel;
the storage battery pack is used for storing electric energy generated by the photovoltaic module, and the photovoltaic module is connected with the storage battery pack through a photovoltaic controller and used for carrying out overcharge and over-discharge protection on the storage battery pack;
the system also comprises an inverter which is connected with the storage battery pack and is used for converting the direct current into alternating current;
the cooling circulation unit is connected with the photovoltaic assembly and used for cooling the photovoltaic assembly;
the photovoltaic module comprises a photovoltaic panel for absorbing solar radiation, the photovoltaic panel is arranged on a supporting plate, the supporting plate is connected with a base through a supporting rod and an angle rotating shaft, the photovoltaic module also comprises a centralized processor for centrally managing a power generation optimization system of the photovoltaic power station, a cleaning module for cleaning dust on the surface of the photovoltaic panel and a measuring module for measuring illumination intensity;
one end of the supporting rod is connected to the worm gear through a worm gear central shaft and moves together with the worm gear, and the other end of the supporting rod is connected to the sliding block through a sliding block rotating shaft and outputs curvilinear motion;
two sides of the supporting plate are respectively provided with a slider groove, the slider is driven by the supporting rod to do relative linear motion along the slider grooves, and the slider drives the slider grooves, namely, the supporting plate is driven to do curvilinear motion, and the corresponding control angle is adjusted;
a motor groove is formed in the base, a first motor is installed in the motor groove, an output shaft of the first motor keeps horizontal, the output shaft of the first motor is connected with a worm, the worm and a worm wheel are mutually coupled, the worm wheel is connected with a support rod through a worm wheel central shaft, the first motor outputs a rotation action to the worm, and the combination of the worm wheel and the worm converts the horizontal rotation motion into linear motion to drive the support rod to move;
the angle between the photovoltaic panel and the base is adjusted according to the following formula (1),
wherein γ isThe angle between the photovoltaic panel and the base, A represents the illumination intensity, A0Representing the annual average illumination intensity, T representing the average time of day, Td representing the equivalent time of day for the worst season of day, γ0Representing an initial angle, and C representing an angle correction coefficient, wherein the angle correction coefficient is 0.95;
the centralized processor adjusts the angle gamma between the photovoltaic panel and the base according to the formula (1) so that the photovoltaic panel can intelligently adjust the most reasonable angle according to the change of seasons and weather;
the measuring module comprises an illuminometer for measuring the illumination intensity, and the measured data is transmitted to the centralized processor to complete the operation of the formula (1);
the cleaning module comprises a roller for winding a traction rope, roller supports are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the roller, the roller supports are fixed at the left end and the right end of the upper part of the supporting plate and are used for supporting the roller, a roller is respectively arranged on each of the two sides of the roller, one end of each roller is connected with a connecting shaft, the other end of each roller is connected with a speed reducer, the speed reducer is positioned in the roller, and the speed reducer and the roller are integrally formed;
the connecting shaft is connected with a second motor, and the second motor drives the connecting shaft to rotate so as to drive the speed reducer and control the rotation of the roller;
the second motor is arranged on the motor box;
the cleaning module further comprises a brush for cleaning the surface of the photovoltaic panel, the brush is connected with the roller through the traction rope, and the traction rope can be driven by the roller to adjust the length so as to drive the brush to move up and down;
the outer side of the brush is provided with a stainless steel metal block which provides a certain pressure when the brush wipes the photovoltaic panel;
the metal block is of a hollow structure, small holes with the distance of 1cm are formed in one surface, close to the hairbrush, of the metal block, the small holes are communicated with one another, a through hole is formed above the metal block and can be connected with all the small holes, the through hole is connected with a small air compressor, and the small air compressor is used for generating compressed air to remove dust on the surface of the photovoltaic panel;
a gap is reserved between the baffle and the photovoltaic panel;
the surface of the baffle is provided with a first pressure sensor, the surface of the roller is provided with a second pressure sensor for sensing the position change of the brush, the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor detect pressure information and transmit the pressure information to the centralized processor, and the centralized processor controls the rotation direction of the roller according to the pressure information of the baffle and the surface of the roller;
the cooling circulation unit comprises a cooling water pipe, a water tank, a cooling water tower, a water pump and a water pump control module, wherein the cooling water pipe, the water tank, the cooling water tower, the water pump and the water pump control module are laid on the back of the photovoltaic module;
the water pump is also connected with a water pump control module and used for controlling the on-off of the cooling circulation unit;
the photovoltaic assembly is provided with a thermocouple element for measuring the surface temperature of the photovoltaic assembly;
photovoltaic module's surface still sets up solar radiation sensor for measure solar radiation intensity, and with measured data transmission extremely water pump control module, water pump control module calculates temperature influence coefficient K according to formula (2):
wherein F represents the surface temperature average value of the photovoltaic module in the time delta t, i represents the current average value of the photovoltaic module in the time delta t, m represents the solar radiation intensity average value in the time delta t, S represents the effective light absorption area of the photovoltaic module, W represents the power generation amount of the photovoltaic module with the area S in the time delta t, theta is 15 degrees, E is a correction coefficient, and the value is 0.95;
when the temperature influence coefficient K is larger than 0.5, the water pump control module controls the water pump to operate, the cooling circulation unit is started, cooling water enters a cooling water pipe on the back of the photovoltaic module from a water tank, absorbs heat from the photovoltaic module, enters the cooling water tower from a water inlet at the top of the cooling water tower under the action of the water pump, flows back to the water tank from a water outlet at the bottom of the cooling water tower after being cooled, and forms a cooling water circulation system, so that the photovoltaic module is cooled, and the power generation capacity of the photovoltaic power station is optimized; and when the temperature influence coefficient K is less than 0.5, the temperature of the photovoltaic module is recovered to a normal level, and the water pump control module controls the water pump to stop running.
2. The power generation amount optimization system of a photovoltaic power plant according to claim 1, wherein the cooling water pipes are adhered to the back surface of the photovoltaic module by low temperature welding or heat conducting glue and distributed in an S shape, and the distance between the cooling water pipes is less than 1 cm.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein a bypass diode is disposed inside the photovoltaic module, each solar cell in the series group is connected to a bypass diode, the anode of the bypass diode is connected to the cathode of the solar cell, and the cathode of the bypass diode is connected to the anode of the solar cell, so as to protect the photovoltaic module from the failure of a single solar cell during operation.
4. The power generation amount optimizing system for a photovoltaic power plant of claim 3 wherein the bypass diode is a rectifier diode.
5. The power generation optimization system of a photovoltaic power plant of claim 1 wherein the battery pack is an alkaline nickel cadmium battery.
6. The power generation amount optimization system of a photovoltaic power plant of claim 1, wherein the photovoltaic controller is connected to the photovoltaic module at one end and to the storage battery at the other end for protecting the storage battery from damage due to overcharge, overdischarge, or backflow.
7. The power generation optimization system of a photovoltaic power plant of claim 1 wherein the inverter is coupled to the battery pack for converting the dc power from the battery pack to ac power.
8. The power generation amount optimization system of the photovoltaic power plant according to claim 1, wherein the inverter is a grid-connected inverter for feeding back the electric power output from the storage battery to a power grid.
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| CN110636472B (en) * | 2019-10-23 | 2024-02-20 | 郑州轻工业学院 | Multi-scene base station type solar intelligent water collection and energy storage device |
| CN110995151A (en) * | 2019-12-13 | 2020-04-10 | 黄河水电光伏产业技术有限公司 | Cooling device of solar module |
| CN112436789A (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2021-03-02 | 德令哈华能拓日新能源发电有限公司 | New forms of energy photovoltaic power generation device |
| CN112838828B (en) * | 2021-01-21 | 2022-12-02 | 华能浙江平湖海上风电有限责任公司 | Subassembly and photovoltaic power generation device prevent frostbite |
| CN113395040B (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2022-10-14 | 广东科洋能源科技有限公司 | High-efficient photovoltaic power generation system |
| CN113472013A (en) * | 2021-07-12 | 2021-10-01 | 零点创新科技有限公司 | Micro-grid new energy hybrid energy storage system |
| CN114123967A (en) * | 2021-12-06 | 2022-03-01 | 申茂江 | Solar photovoltaic power generation device capable of automatically cleaning through cooling of circulating water |
| CN117118090B (en) * | 2023-10-25 | 2024-01-23 | 电力规划总院有限公司 | Separate bin type energy storage system |
| CN117498792A (en) * | 2023-11-17 | 2024-02-02 | 南京力禧特光电科技有限公司 | Maximum power test system for photovoltaic cell |
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| KR101946213B1 (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2019-02-08 | 이도익 | Floating solar power generating system |
| CN109412263A (en) * | 2018-10-10 | 2019-03-01 | 深圳市国网迈腾电力科技股份有限公司 | Alterating and direct current is resource integrated and intelligence control system |
| CN109245684A (en) * | 2018-10-19 | 2019-01-18 | 正信光电科技股份有限公司 | A kind of photovoltaic module water-cooling system |
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