CN109976419B - Automatic control system and method for temperature and pressure reduction of regional cooling and heating steam - Google Patents
Automatic control system and method for temperature and pressure reduction of regional cooling and heating steam Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a system and a method for automatically controlling temperature and pressure reduction of regional cooling and heating steam, wherein the method comprises the following steps: calculating regional cold/heat load requirements; calculating the number of steam consuming equipment needing to be operated, judging the increase and decrease of the steam consuming equipment, and screening the equipment; comprehensively calculating a steam pressure control target value, a temperature control target value and a system pressure/temperature alarm limit value; judging whether the pressure/temperature at the steam inlet is lower than a system pressure/temperature lower limit alarm value or not, and if so, alarming to an upper computer; when the pressure at the inlet of the steam pipe network is higher than the pressure bearing of the system, the opening of the steam pressure regulating valve is automatically regulated through a PID algorithm to carry out pressure reduction control; when the temperature at the inlet of the steam pipe network is higher than the system temperature limit value, automatically controlling the opening of the temperature reduction valve and the operating frequency of the temperature reduction pump through a PID algorithm to perform temperature reduction control; and when the temperature after temperature reduction and pressure reduction meets the requirement, starting the equipment. The invention can improve the working efficiency, reduce the operation cost and save the energy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of industrial production in the cooling and heating industry, and particularly relates to a system and a method for automatically controlling temperature and pressure reduction of regional cooling and heating steam.
Background
In a regional cooling and heating system, various devices using steam are generally distributed at different physical positions in a region, so that steam temperature and pressure reduction devices are required to be arranged at various places to secondarily regulate the temperature and pressure of a steam pipe network and then send the steam to steam consuming devices, so that the steam can meet the use and safety requirements of various steam consuming devices.
The traditional temperature and pressure reducing device has the following problems:
1) the traditional steam temperature and pressure reducing device is split, and the pressure reducing valve, the temperature reducing pump and the temperature reducing valve belong to different control devices respectively, so that the coordination control is difficult and the control precision is low;
2) the temperature and pressure reducing devices in various places cannot automatically calculate the optimal control target values (temperature and pressure) of steam according to various devices and operation conditions of steam supplied by the devices and automatically adjust the optimal control target values to cause energy waste;
3) operators need to manually operate according to experience on site, the working efficiency is very low, faults or accidents occur, and the faults or the accidents cannot be found in time, so that great potential safety hazards exist;
4) the intelligent platform at the system level of the region lacks of controlling the state of the steam pipe network of the global region, and lacks of intervention means for monitoring the running state, alarming in real time and remotely handling faults, controlling strategy, controlling parameters and controlling actions of all the temperature and pressure reducing devices in the region.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a system and a method for automatically controlling temperature and pressure reduction of regional cooling and heating steam, which aim to overcome the defects of the traditional temperature and pressure reduction device.
The invention provides a first aspect of a regional cooling and heating steam temperature and pressure reduction automatic control system, which is used for carrying out secondary adjustment on the steam temperature and pressure of a steam pipe network and then conveying the steam to steam consumption equipment, and the system comprises: the system comprises a steam main pipeline, a steam distributing cylinder, a main control device, a temperature reducing device, a pressure reducing device and steam equipment;
the inlet of the main steam pipeline is connected with an outdoor steam pipe network, the outlet of the main steam pipeline is connected with a steam distributing cylinder, the steam distributing cylinder is connected with each steam equipment pipeline, and a gate valve is arranged on each pipeline; the steam equipment comprises a steam absorption type water chilling unit and a steam plate type heat exchanger which are respectively used for cooling and heating;
the temperature reducing device comprises a Venturi temperature reducer, a temperature reducing valve, a temperature reducing pump and a condensation water tank, and the Venturi temperature reducer is positioned on the steam main pipeline;
the pressure reducing device comprises a steam pressure regulating valve arranged on a main steam pipeline), and the steam pressure regulating valve is positioned at the upstream of the Venturi desuperheater; the main steam pipeline is also provided with a safety valve which is positioned at the downstream of the Venturi desuperheater;
the main control device comprises an intelligent controller, and a steam meter, a first temperature sensor, a first pressure sensor, a second temperature sensor and a second pressure sensor which are respectively in communication connection with the intelligent controller; the steam meter, the first temperature sensor and the first pressure sensor are arranged at the inlet of the main steam pipeline and used for measuring steam flow, temperature before temperature reduction and pressure before pressure reduction, and the second temperature sensor and the second pressure sensor are arranged at the outlet of the main steam pipeline and used for measuring temperature after temperature reduction and pressure after pressure reduction; the intelligent controller is also in signal connection with the steam pressure regulating valve, the temperature reducing pump and each steam consuming device, and dynamically regulates the steam pressure regulating valve, the temperature reducing valve and the temperature reducing pump according to the temperature and pressure signals at the inlet and the outlet of the main steam pipeline;
the intelligent controller comprises a target optimizing module, an alarm module, a pressure reduction control module and a temperature reduction control module:
the target optimizing module is used for comprehensively calculating a steam pressure control target value, a temperature control target value and a system pressure/temperature alarm limit value according to the rated steam pressure, the rated steam temperature, the equipment alarm pressure and the equipment alarm temperature of different types of steam equipment; the system pressure/temperature alarm limit value comprises a lower limit alarm value and an upper limit alarm value; the pressure/temperature control target value is determined according to the mean value of the rated steam pressure/temperature of each device; the device alarm temperature/pressure has a high limit alarm value and a low limit alarm value, the lowest one of the alarm values of the alarm temperature/pressure of each device is taken as the high limit alarm value of the system temperature/pressure, and the highest one of the alarm values of the alarm temperature/pressure of each device is taken as the low limit alarm value of the system temperature/pressure;
the alarm module is used for judging whether the pressure/temperature at the current steam inlet is lower than the system pressure/temperature lower limit alarm value or not, if so, the alarm module gives an alarm to the upper computer, and simultaneously stops the connected steam equipment and closes a steam valve at the equipment end;
the pressure reduction control module is used for calculating the deviation between the pressure control target value and the measured value of the second pressure sensor according to the measured values of the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor when the pressure at the inlet of the steam pipe network is higher than the system pressure high limit alarm value or the supply and demand change of the tail end cold/heat load, and regulating the opening of the steam pressure regulating valve through a PID algorithm by combining the actual opening of the steam pressure regulating valve so that the pressure after pressure reduction reaches the pressure control target value;
the temperature reduction control module is used for calculating the deviation between the temperature control target value and the measured value of the second temperature sensor according to the measured values of the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor when the temperature at the inlet of the steam pipe network is higher than the system pressure high limit alarm value or the tail end cold/heat load supply and demand change, and controlling the opening of the temperature reduction valve and the operation frequency of the temperature reduction pump through a PID algorithm to enable the temperature after temperature reduction to reach the temperature control target value.
Optionally, the system further includes an upper computer, the upper computer calculates the number of terminal steam consuming devices to be operated according to the regional time-by-time cold/heat load demand and the rated refrigeration/heat of a single device, and judges increase or decrease of the steam consuming devices, if the number of the terminal steam consuming devices needs to be increased, the terminal steam consuming devices need to be increased or decreased, the terminal steam consuming devices with the minimum operation time are screened from stopped devices and added into an operation device table, if the number of the terminal steam consuming devices needs to be decreased, the terminal steam consuming devices need to be increased or decreased, the terminal steam consuming devices need to be;
the intelligent controller obtains the rated parameters of the operating equipment from the operating equipment meter of the upper computer when the equipment needs to be added, the steam is subjected to temperature and pressure reduction through the pressure reduction control module and the temperature reduction control module and then reaches the temperature control target value and the pressure control target value, the equipment is started, and the rated parameters of the stopping equipment are obtained from the stopping equipment meter of the upper computer when the equipment needs to be reduced, and the equipment is stopped.
Optionally, the regional day-by-day cooling/heating load demand QcThe prediction formula of (c) is:
Qc＝Qdb×Ndb+Qt×Nt
wherein Q isdbTime-by-time historical load of the area with the same external condition searched from the historical database according to the current environment temperature and humidity conditions, NdbIs its weight; qtThe daily hourly calculation load of the area obtained by calling a heating and ventilation calculation model according to the area of the building for cooling and heating, NtAs its weight, QtThe specific calculation process is as follows:
let Qi(t) typical design day-to-day load of the modular building i in the area, then the cold/heat load is referred toMark qi(t)，qi(t)＝Qi(t)/FiUnit W/m2In which F isiIs the area of the building model i;
let Ci＝Fi/F，CiCalculating the time-by-time cooling load Q (t) of a typical design area for a weight factor of the total building area occupied by a certain state building,
the unit is kW, wherein F is the total area served by the regional cooling system, and n is the number of constructed model buildings;
the maximum value of the typical design day time-by-time regional cooling load Q (t) is the regional day time-by-time calculation load;
the number of operating devices NDevice＝Qc/QDevice+1, wherein QDeviceThe refrigeration/heat capacity is rated for a single device.
Optionally, the variation of the terminal energy supply requirement includes: and pressure/temperature fluctuation at the steam outlet caused by one or more of the pressure/temperature control target value, the equipment end cold/heat load, the steam pipe network pressure and the temperature.
Optionally, the upper computer further collects steam pressure, temperature and flow parameters in real time, calculates instantaneous power, accumulated steam consumption, energy efficiency and cost indexes to evaluate a control result of a previous control period, and uses the control result as an adjustment basis for correcting a next control period, and relevant parameters are stored in a database according to a preset period to provide a basis for equipment maintenance and economic analysis.
In a second aspect of the present invention, a method for automatically controlling temperature and pressure reduction of steam for district cooling and heating is provided, the method comprising:
s1, searching the regional time-by-time historical load Q of the same external condition from the historical database according to the current environmental temperature and humidity conditionsdbAccording to the area of the building for cooling and heating in the region, calling a heating and ventilation calculation model to calculate the daily hourly calculation load Q of the regiontCalculating the regional hourly daily cooling/heating load demand Qc：
Qc＝Qdb×Ndb+Qt×Nt
Wherein N isdb、NtIs the corresponding weight;
s2, calculating the number of steam consuming equipment needing to be operated according to the time-by-time cooling/heating load requirements of the regional days: n is a radical ofDevice＝Qc/QDevice+1, wherein QDeviceJudging the increase or decrease of steam-using equipment for rated refrigeration/heat of single equipment, screening equipment with the minimum running time from stopped equipment to add in an operating equipment table if the equipment needs to be increased, and screening equipment with the longest running time from currently running equipment to add in a stopped equipment table if the equipment needs to be decreased;
s3, acquiring all equipment rated parameters needing to be operated from the operating equipment table, and comprehensively calculating a steam pressure control target value, a temperature control target value and a system pressure/temperature alarm limit value; the system pressure/temperature alarm limit value comprises a lower limit alarm value and an upper limit alarm value;
s4, judging whether the pressure/temperature at the current steam inlet is lower than the system pressure/temperature lower limit alarm value or not, if so, alarming to an upper computer, simultaneously stopping the connected steam equipment, and closing a steam valve at the equipment end;
s5, when the pressure at the inlet of the steam pipe network is higher than the system pressure high limit alarm value or the supply and demand of the tail end cold/heat load are changed, calculating the deviation between the pressure control target value and the measured value of the second pressure sensor according to the measured values of the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor, and regulating the opening of the steam pressure regulating valve by a PID algorithm to enable the pressure after pressure reduction to reach the pressure control target value in combination with the actual opening of the steam pressure regulating valve;
s6, when the temperature at the inlet of the steam pipe network is higher than the system temperature upper limit alarm value or the supply and demand of the tail end cold/heat load are changed, calculating the deviation between the temperature control target value and the measured value of the second temperature sensor according to the measured values of the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor, and controlling the opening of the temperature reduction valve and the operation frequency of the temperature reduction pump through a PID algorithm to enable the temperature after temperature reduction to reach the temperature control target value;
s7, judging whether the temperature and the pressure after temperature and pressure reduction are consistent with a control target value or not according to the measured values of the second temperature sensor and the second pressure sensor, if so, judging the start-stop mode of the equipment, opening a steam valve at the equipment end, and starting the equipment; if the equipment needs to be stopped, acquiring a stop equipment number from a stop equipment table of the upper computer, and stopping the corresponding equipment;
and S8, collecting steam pressure, temperature and flow parameters in real time, calculating the instantaneous steam use power, the accumulated steam use amount, the energy efficiency and the cost index to evaluate the control result of the previous control period, and using the control result as an adjustment basis for correcting the next control period.
Optionally, after the step S8, the method further includes:
s9, establishing a database in the upper computer, and storing each item of data in the step S8 according to a preset period, so as to provide a basis for equipment maintenance and economic analysis.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. the state of the steam pipe network is automatically monitored, the alarm limit value is exceeded, the alarm is actively given out, the equipment is shut down, and the safety of the equipment is greatly improved.
2. The cold/heat load of a regional cold and heat supply system is automatically calculated, equipment needing to be operated is automatically started, an optimal control steam target value is automatically calculated according to the type and the number of the operated equipment, and the working efficiency and the control precision are greatly improved;
3. the steam pressure reducing valve, the desuperheating pump and the valves are automatically adjusted in real time according to the type and the number of operating equipment, the steam flow is controlled, the extensive operating mode is changed, fine management is realized, the operating cost is reduced, and the energy is saved;
4. operators do not need to go to the site for operation, so that the manpower resource is saved, and the working efficiency of the operators is obviously improved;
5. the management of the regional cooling and heating steam pipe network is changed from single-point, independent and manual control to global, coordinated and automatic control;
6. the data storage, state reproduction and data analysis of the parameters of the whole system provide rich means and data.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the technical description of the present invention will be briefly introduced below, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive labor.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the method for automatically controlling temperature and pressure reduction of steam for cooling and heating in a district according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a control flow chart of the system for automatic temperature and pressure reduction control.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a device and a method for automatically controlling temperature and pressure reduction of regional cooling and heating steam, which are used for automatically monitoring the state of a steam pipe network, controlling the expected value of the steam, automatically adjusting the steam pressure and temperature in real time, controlling the steam flow, improving the working efficiency and reducing the cost.
In order to make the objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the embodiments described below are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides an automatic temperature and pressure reduction control system for steam for district cooling and heating, which is used for carrying out secondary adjustment on the steam temperature and pressure of a steam pipe network and then delivering the steam to steam consuming equipment, and the system comprises: the system comprises an upper computer 1, a main steam pipeline 2, a steam distributing cylinder 14, a main control device, a temperature reducing device, a pressure reducing device and steam equipment;
specifically, the upper computer is located in a central control room of the region, is in communication connection with the temperature and pressure reduction devices or the cooling and heating equipment of each region in the region through on-site intelligent controllers distributed in each region, and is responsible for the general scheduling of the temperature and pressure reduction devices or the cooling and heating equipment in the region, so that real-time monitoring and automatic adjustment are realized, energy is saved, and efficiency is improved. In this embodiment, the host computer is connected with the intelligent controller in a certain place in the area in a communication manner, and controls the temperature and pressure reduction device, thereby controlling a plurality of groups of steam equipment connected with the temperature and pressure reduction device. An intelligent platform at a regional system level can be established to master the state of the steam pipe network in the global region, and intervention means of real-time fault alarm and remote handling, control strategy, control parameters and control action are established.
The inlet of the main steam pipeline 2 is connected with an outdoor steam pipe network, the outlet of the main steam pipeline is connected with a steam distributing cylinder 14, the steam distributing cylinder 14 is connected with each steam equipment pipeline, and a gate valve 17 is arranged on the pipeline; the steam equipment comprises a steam absorption type water chilling unit 15 and a steam plate type heat exchanger 16; electric two-way regulating valves 22 are arranged at inlets of the steam absorption type water chilling unit 15 and the steam plate type heat exchanger 16, gate valves 17 are arranged at outlets of the steam absorption type water chilling unit and the steam plate type heat exchanger, and the two valves are opened when the equipment is opened and closed when the equipment is stopped; the steam absorption type water chilling unit 15 and the steam plate heat exchanger 16 are used for cooling and heating respectively, and are also connected to the intelligent controller 30 in a communication manner.
Specifically, the steam absorption water chiller 15 evaporates and absorbs heat in an evaporator with a very low pressure to produce low-temperature refrigerant water, thereby realizing refrigeration. The steam plate heat exchanger uses steam as a heat source to realize heat supply. The inlet of the main steam pipeline 2 is also provided with a gate valve 17, a plunger valve 18 and a filter 19, the gate valve is only used for opening and closing, and the filter is used for filtering impurities in high-temperature and high-pressure steam input by an outdoor steam pipe network, so that the safe and effective use of each device is ensured.
The temperature reducing device comprises a Venturi temperature reducer 7, a temperature reducing valve 11, a temperature reducing pump 12 and a condensation water tank 13, wherein the Venturi temperature reducer 7 is positioned on the main steam pipeline 2; the front end of the desuperheating pump 12 is connected with a slow-closing check valve 20 through a soft joint 21, the rear end of the desuperheating pump is connected with a filter 19 through a soft joint 21, and both ends of the desuperheating pump are provided with gate valves 17; the filter is used for filtering the desuperheating water in the condensation water tank 13, a ball valve 23 is arranged outside the condensation water tank, and the condensation water tank is further connected with the steam distributing cylinder 14 through a pipeline.
Specifically, venturi desuperheaters typically include a nozzle that utilizes a portion of the inlet steam to create high velocity and turbulence at the desuperheated water injection point, which is drawn in by the steam and atomized sufficiently to achieve good desuperheating efficiency.
The pressure reducing device comprises a steam pressure regulating valve 6 arranged on the main steam pipeline 2, and the steam pressure regulating valve 6 is positioned at the upstream of the Venturi desuperheater 7; the main steam pipeline 2 is also provided with a safety valve 8 which is positioned at the downstream of the Venturi desuperheater 7;
the main control device comprises an intelligent controller 30, and a steam meter 3, a first temperature sensor 4, a first pressure sensor 5, a second temperature sensor 9 and a second pressure sensor 10 which are respectively in communication connection with the intelligent controller 30; the steam meter 3, the first temperature sensor 4 and the first pressure sensor 5 are arranged at the inlet of the main steam pipeline 2 and are used for measuring steam flow, temperature before temperature reduction and pressure before pressure reduction, and the second temperature sensor 9 and the second pressure sensor 10 are arranged at the outlet of the main steam pipeline 2 and are used for measuring temperature after temperature reduction and pressure after pressure reduction; the intelligent controller 30 is also in signal connection with the steam pressure regulating valve 6, the temperature reducing valve 11, the temperature reducing pump 12 and each steam consuming device, and dynamically regulates the steam pressure regulating valve 6, the temperature reducing valve 11 and the temperature reducing pump 12 according to the temperature and pressure signals at the inlet and the outlet of the main steam pipeline 2;
the upper computer 1 calculates the number of terminal steam consuming equipment needing to be operated according to the regional day-by-day cold/heat load demand and the rated refrigeration/heat of single equipment,
the region day-by-day cooling/heating load demand QcThe prediction formula of (c) is:
Qc＝Qdb×Ndb+Qt×Nt
wherein Q isdbTime-by-time historical load of the area with the same external condition searched from the historical database according to the current environment temperature and humidity conditions, NdbAs its weight, theThe database stores the historical data of the parameters of the whole system, and is firstly connected with the database to inquire the air conditioning load which is historically consistent with the current external environment; qtThe daily hourly calculation load of the area obtained by calling a heating and ventilation calculation model according to the area of the building for cooling and heating, NtFor the weight, the system calls a heating and ventilation calculation model and software (TRNSYS) to calculate the daily hourly load, Q of the regiontThe specific calculation process is as follows:
let Qi(t) as typical design day-to-day load of the modular building i in the area, then the cold/heat load index qi(t)，qi(t)＝Qi(t)/FiUnit W/m2In which F isiIs the area of the building model i;
let Ci＝Fi/F，CiCalculating the time-by-time cooling load Q (t) of a typical design area for a weight factor of the total building area occupied by a certain state building,
the unit is kW, wherein F is the total area served by the regional cooling system, and n is the number of constructed model buildings;
the maximum value of the typical design time-by-time regional cooling load Q (t) is the calculated time-by-time regional load. When the heating ventilation load calculation model is established, the values of the personnel density, the illumination and the equipment power of the indoor design parameters adopt the lower limit values of the related indexes, and further reduction is carried out on the basis, and the reduction coefficient can be 0.8-0.9. Therefore, the calculated cold load value can be ensured to be more accurate and can be close to the true value.
The number of operating devices NDevice＝Qc/QDevice+1, wherein QDeviceThe refrigeration/heat capacity is rated for a single device.
After the number of the devices needing to be operated is determined, the number of the devices currently operating is combined to judge the increase or decrease of the steam consumption devices, if the number of the devices needs to be increased, the devices with the minimum operation time are screened from the stopped devices to be added into an operation device table, and if the number of the devices needs to be decreased, the devices with the longest operation time are screened from the devices currently operating to be added into a stop device table. Specifically, the running device table includes devices currently running and newly screened devices to be run, after a control period, the running number of the devices calculated by the system may be increased or decreased by two events, and at this time, two processes are required: after the number of the devices needing to be operated is determined, selecting the device with the minimum device operation time and the device operation state of stop as a device which is started preferentially, and placing the serial number of the device into an operation device table; after the number of the devices needing to be stopped is determined, the device with the most device running time and the running state as running is selected as the device which is stopped preferentially, and the number of the device is put into a stopped device table.
The operation equipment table or the stop equipment table records all current steam equipment rated parameters needing to be operated or stopped, and the operation/stop equipment rated parameters comprise equipment numbers, rated steam pressure, rated steam temperature, equipment alarm pressure and equipment alarm temperature.
The intelligent controller 30 includes a target optimizing module, an alarm module, a pressure reducing control module, and a temperature reducing control module:
the target optimizing module is used for comprehensively calculating a steam pressure control target value, a temperature control target value and a system pressure/temperature alarm limit value according to the rated steam pressure, the rated steam temperature, the equipment alarm pressure and the equipment alarm temperature of different types of steam equipment; the system pressure/temperature alarm limit value comprises a lower limit alarm value and an upper limit alarm value; the pressure/temperature control target value is determined according to the mean value of the rated steam pressure/temperature of each device, namely the pressure control target value
NDeviceFor operating the number of devices, PiThe rated steam pressure of the equipment i and the temperature control target value are the same; the alarm temperature/pressure of the equipment has a high limit alarm value and a low limit alarm value, the lowest alarm value of the alarm temperature/pressure high limit alarm values of each equipment is taken as the system temperature/pressure high limit alarm value, and the highest alarm value of the alarm temperature/pressure low limit alarm values of each equipment is taken as the system temperaturePressure lower alarm value. Namely the system pressure upper limit alarm value APHsystem＝min{APHDevice[NDevice]}，APHDevice[NDevice]The method comprises the steps that an array is formed by high limit alarm values in alarm pressure of each device, min { } is a function for solving a minimum value, and the system temperature high limit alarm limit values are in the same way; low alarm value APL of system pressuresystem＝max{APLDevice[NDevice]}，APLDevice[NDevice]And (3) forming an array of alarm values of the low limit in the alarm pressure of each device, wherein max { } is a function for solving the maximum value, and the alarm limit value of the low limit of the system temperature is the same.
The alarm module is used for judging whether the pressure/temperature at the current steam inlet is lower than the system pressure/temperature lower limit alarm value or not, if so, the alarm module gives an alarm to the upper computer 1, and simultaneously stops the connected steam equipment and closes a steam valve at the equipment end;
the pressure reduction control module is used for calculating the deviation between the pressure control target value and the measured value of the second pressure sensor 10 according to the measured values of the first pressure sensor 5 and the second pressure sensor 10 when the pressure at the inlet of the steam pipe network is higher than the system pressure high limit alarm value or the supply and demand change of the tail end cold/heat load, and regulating the opening degree of the steam pressure regulating valve 6 by a PID algorithm to enable the pressure after pressure reduction to reach the pressure control target value in combination with the actual opening degree of the steam pressure regulating valve 6; the switching from manual control to automatic control without disturbance can be realized through internal instruction processing. The input parameters comprise a PID control proportional coefficient Kp, a PID control integral time Ti, a PID control differential time Td, a set temperature PV, an actual temperature control Dead zone Dead, an actual opening VPact of the steam pressure regulating valve, automatic/manual control selection and the like, and finally the opening given value of the steam pressure regulating valve is output. During automatic control, the deviation is calculated according to the set pressure and the actual pressure: and e, automatically adjusting the opening of the valve by a PID algorithm to realize the control of the pressure, wherein for example, the opening of the desuperheating valve is set for certain time, YInitial is an initial Y output value, t is time, and the set manual output value is directly output without executing PID operation during manual control.
The temperature reduction control module is used for calculating the deviation between the temperature control target value and the measured value of the second temperature sensor 9 according to the measured values of the first temperature sensor 4 and the second temperature sensor 9 when the temperature at the inlet of the steam pipe network is higher than the system temperature upper limit alarm value or the supply and demand of the tail end cold/heat load are changed, and controlling the opening degree of the temperature reduction valve 11 and the operating frequency of the temperature reduction pump 12 through a PID algorithm to enable the temperature after temperature reduction to reach the temperature control target value; the temperature reduction control module is respectively converted into temperature reduction valve opening degree setting and temperature reduction pump frequency setting through a PID algorithm and an engineering quantization program.
The tip energy requirement variation includes: and pressure/temperature fluctuation at the steam outlet caused by one or more of the pressure/temperature control target value, the equipment end cold/heat load, the steam pipe network pressure and the temperature.
Running device table ID from upper computer 1 when device addition is requiredDeviceRunThe method comprises the steps of reading rated steam pressure and temperature, alarming pressure and alarming temperature of each device according to device numbers, assigning values to corresponding variables, putting the variables into corresponding communication protocol register addresses and sending the variables to each field intelligent controller 30, enabling the intelligent controller 30 to achieve a temperature control target value and a pressure control target value after reducing the temperature and the pressure of steam through a pressure reduction control module and a temperature reduction control module, starting the devices, and obtaining rated parameters of stopped devices from a stopped device table of an upper computer when the devices are required to be reduced, and stopping the corresponding devices.
The upper computer 1 also collects parameters such as steam pressure, temperature and flow in real time, calculates indexes such as instantaneous power, accumulated steam consumption, energy efficiency and cost to evaluate a control result of the previous control period, and uses the indexes as an adjusting basis for correcting the next control period, and related parameters are stored in a database according to a preset period to provide a basis for equipment maintenance and economic analysis.
Referring to fig. 2, the present invention further provides a method for automatically controlling temperature and pressure reduction of district cooling and heating steam based on the above system, the method comprising:
s1, searching the regional time-by-time historical load Q of the same external condition from the historical database according to the current environmental temperature and humidity conditionsdbAccording to the area of the building for cooling and heating in the region, calling a heating and ventilation calculation model to calculate the daily hourly calculation load Q of the regiontCalculating the regional hourly daily cooling/heating load demand Qc：
Qc＝Qdb×Ndb+Qt×Nt
Wherein N isdb、NtIs the corresponding weight;
s2, calculating the number of steam consuming equipment needing to be operated according to the time-by-time cooling/heating load requirements of the regional days: n is a radical ofDevice＝Qc/QDevice+1, wherein QDeviceJudging the increase or decrease of steam-using equipment for rated refrigeration/heat of single equipment, screening equipment with the minimum running time from stopped equipment to add in an operating equipment table if the equipment needs to be increased, and screening equipment with the longest running time from currently running equipment to add in a stopped equipment table if the equipment needs to be decreased;
s3, acquiring all equipment rated parameters needing to be operated from the operating equipment table, and comprehensively calculating a steam pressure control target value, a temperature control target value and a system pressure/temperature alarm limit value; the system pressure/temperature alarm limit value comprises a lower limit alarm value and an upper limit alarm value;
s4, judging whether the pressure/temperature at the current steam inlet is lower than the system pressure/temperature lower limit alarm value or not, if so, alarming to the upper computer 1, simultaneously stopping the connected steam equipment, and closing a steam valve at the equipment end;
s5, when the pressure at the inlet of the steam pipe network is higher than the system pressure high limit alarm value or the supply and demand of the tail end cold/heat load are changed, calculating the deviation between the pressure control target value and the measured value of the second pressure sensor 10 according to the measured values of the first pressure sensor 5 and the second pressure sensor 10, and regulating the opening of the steam pressure regulating valve 6 by a PID algorithm to enable the pressure after pressure reduction to reach the pressure control target value in combination with the actual opening of the steam pressure regulating valve 6;
s6, when the temperature at the inlet of the steam pipe network is higher than the system temperature upper limit alarm value or the supply and demand of the tail end cold/heat load are changed, calculating the deviation between the temperature control target value and the measured value of the second temperature sensor 9 according to the measured values of the first temperature sensor 4 and the second temperature sensor 9, and controlling the opening of the temperature reduction valve 11 and the operation frequency of the temperature reduction pump 12 through a PID algorithm to enable the temperature after temperature reduction to reach the temperature control target value;
s7, judging whether the temperature and the pressure after temperature and pressure reduction are consistent with a control target value or not according to the measured values of the second temperature sensor 9 and the second pressure sensor 10, if so, judging the start-stop mode of the equipment, opening a steam valve at the equipment end, and starting the equipment; if the number of the equipment is required to be reduced, the number of the stopping equipment is obtained from a stopping equipment table of the upper computer, and the corresponding equipment is stopped;
s8, collecting steam pressure, temperature and flow parameters in real time, calculating instantaneous steam use power, accumulated steam use amount, energy efficiency and cost indexes to evaluate the control result of the previous control period, and using the control result as an adjustment basis for correcting the next control period;
s9, establishing a database in the upper computer 1, storing each item of data in the step S8 according to a preset period, and providing a basis for equipment maintenance and economic analysis.
Fig. 3 is a control flow chart of the automatic temperature and pressure reduction control system using the system, and the upper computer 1 calculates a predicted value of the daily hourly load of the load calculation area through the regional daily hourly historical load and the regional daily hourly load, then calculates the number of the operating devices, screens the numbers of the operating devices and the numbers of the stop devices, and obtains the rated steam flow and temperature of the operating devices. In the intelligent controller 30, when the equipment needs to be operated, the number of the operated equipment, the rated steam pressure and temperature and the alarm limit value of the equipment are obtained from an upper computer, and a steam pressure control target value P is comprehensively calculated according to the rated pressure and temperature of different types of steam equipmentSteamSetTemperature control target value TSteamSetAlarm limit ATSteam、APSteamJudging the pressure P of the steam pipe networkSteamInTemperature TSteamInWhether it is higher than the lowest safe operation requirement (P) of the equipmentSteamIn>＝APSteamOr TSteamIn>＝ATSteam). If so, the pressure is reducedThe opening of the model output steam pressure regulating valve is subjected to pressure reduction control, the opening of the temperature reduction valve and the frequency of the temperature reduction pump are output through the temperature reduction control model to be subjected to temperature reduction control, and then the temperature T after temperature reduction and pressure reduction is judgedSteamOutAnd pressure PSteamOutWhether or not to coincide with the control target value (P)SteamSet＝PSteamOutAnd TSteamSet＝TSteamOut) If yes, judging the start-stop mode (automatic control ═ ON automatic mode or manual mode) of the equipment and opening the steam valve V at the equipment endDeviceTurning ON the DeviceStateAnd (5) turning ON. When the equipment needs to be stopped, the upper computer obtains the parameters of the stopped equipment to judge the start-stop mode of the equipment, and closes the steam valve at the equipment end to stop the equipment. And when the fault of the running equipment is detected, the equipment is also stopped and reported. The upper computer also comprises a database which is used for storing various parameter measured values and data calculated values in the system and providing basis for adjustment of the control period, equipment maintenance and economic analysis.
In the above embodiments, the descriptions of the respective embodiments have different emphasis, and for parts which are not described or recited in a certain embodiment, reference may be made to the descriptions of other embodiments, and the other parts which are not described in detail are common general knowledge in the art.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a district cooling heat supply steam temperature reduction decompression automatic control system for carry to steam pipe network's steam temperature, pressure after carrying out secondary control and then carry to the steam consuming equipment, the system includes: a main steam pipeline (2), a steam distributing cylinder (14), a main control device, a temperature reducing device, a pressure reducing device and steam equipment;
the inlet of the main steam pipeline (2) is connected with an outdoor steam pipe network, the outlet of the main steam pipeline is connected with a steam distributing cylinder (14), the steam distributing cylinder (14) is connected with each steam equipment pipeline, and a gate valve (17) is arranged on each pipeline; the steam equipment comprises a steam absorption type water chilling unit (15) and a steam plate type heat exchanger (16) which are respectively used for cooling and heating;
the temperature reducing device comprises a Venturi temperature reducer (7), a temperature reducing valve (11), a temperature reducing pump (12) and a condensation water tank (13), wherein the Venturi temperature reducer (7) is positioned on the main steam pipeline (2);
the pressure reducing device comprises a steam pressure regulating valve (6) arranged on the main steam pipeline (2), and the steam pressure regulating valve (6) is positioned on the upstream of the Venturi desuperheater (7); the main steam pipeline (2) is also provided with a safety valve (8) which is positioned at the downstream of the Venturi desuperheater (7);
the main control device comprises an intelligent controller (30), and a steam meter (3), a first temperature sensor (4), a first pressure sensor (5), a second temperature sensor (9) and a second pressure sensor (10) which are respectively in communication connection with the intelligent controller (30); the steam meter (3), the first temperature sensor (4) and the first pressure sensor (5) are arranged at the inlet of the main steam pipeline (2) and used for measuring steam flow, temperature before temperature reduction and pressure before pressure reduction, and the second temperature sensor (9) and the second pressure sensor (10) are arranged at the outlet of the main steam pipeline (2) and used for measuring temperature after temperature reduction and pressure after pressure reduction; the intelligent controller (30) is also in signal connection with the steam pressure regulating valve (6), the desuperheating valve (11), the desuperheating pump (12) and each steam consuming device, and dynamically regulates the operation of the steam pressure regulating valve (6), the desuperheating valve (11) and the desuperheating pump (12) according to the temperature and pressure signals at the inlet and the outlet of the main steam pipeline (2);
the intelligent controller (30) comprises a target optimizing module, an alarm module, a pressure reduction control module and a temperature reduction control module:
the target optimizing module is used for comprehensively calculating a steam pressure control target value, a temperature control target value and a system pressure/temperature alarm limit value according to the rated steam pressure, the rated steam temperature, the equipment alarm pressure and the equipment alarm temperature of different types of steam equipment; the system pressure/temperature alarm limit value comprises a lower limit alarm value and an upper limit alarm value; the pressure/temperature control target value is determined according to the mean value of the rated steam pressure/temperature of each device; the device alarm temperature/pressure has a high limit alarm value and a low limit alarm value, the lowest one of the alarm values of the alarm temperature/pressure of each device is taken as the high limit alarm value of the system temperature/pressure, and the highest one of the alarm values of the alarm temperature/pressure of each device is taken as the low limit alarm value of the system temperature/pressure;
the alarm module is used for judging whether the pressure/temperature at the current steam inlet is lower than the system pressure/temperature low limit alarm value or not, if so, alarming, simultaneously stopping the connected steam equipment and closing a steam valve at the equipment end;
the pressure reduction control module is used for calculating the deviation between the pressure control target value and the measured value of the second pressure sensor (10) according to the measured values of the first pressure sensor (5) and the second pressure sensor (10) when the pressure at the inlet of the steam pipe network is higher than the system pressure high limit alarm value or the supply and demand change of the tail end cold/heat load, and regulating the opening degree of the steam pressure regulating valve (6) by combining the actual opening degree of the steam pressure regulating valve (6) through a PID algorithm to enable the pressure after pressure reduction to reach the pressure control target value;
the temperature reduction control module is used for calculating the deviation between the temperature control target value and the measured value of the second temperature sensor (9) according to the measured values of the first temperature sensor (4) and the second temperature sensor (9) when the temperature at the inlet of the steam pipe network is higher than the system temperature upper limit alarm value or the supply and demand of the tail end cold/heat load are changed, and controlling the opening degree of the temperature reduction valve (11) and the operating frequency of the temperature reduction pump (12) through a PID algorithm to enable the temperature after temperature reduction to reach the temperature control target value.
2. The automatic temperature and pressure reducing control system for regional cold and heat supply steam according to claim 1, characterized in that the system further comprises an upper computer (1), the upper computer (1) calculates the number of terminal steam consuming equipment to be operated according to regional day-by-day cold/heat load requirements and rated refrigeration/heat of a single device, judges the increase or decrease of the steam consuming equipment, screens the equipment with the least operation time from stopped equipment to an operating equipment table if the equipment needs to be increased, screens the equipment with the longest operation time from currently operating equipment to an operating equipment table if the equipment needs to be decreased, and records all current rated parameters of the steam consuming equipment to be operated or stopped, wherein the rated parameters of the operating/stopping equipment comprise equipment number, rated steam pressure, rated steam temperature, rated steam pressure, and rated steam temperature, Equipment alarm pressure and equipment alarm temperature;
when equipment needs to be added, the intelligent controller (30) acquires rated parameters of the operating equipment from an operating equipment table of the upper computer (1), reduces the temperature and pressure of the steam through the pressure reduction control module and the temperature reduction control module to reach a temperature control target value and a pressure control target value, and starts the equipment; and when equipment needs to be reduced, obtaining rated parameters of the stopping equipment from a stopping equipment table of the upper computer, and stopping the equipment.
3. A district cooling and heating steam desuperheating and pressure reducing automatic control system as claimed in claim 2 wherein said district time-by-time cooling/heating load demand QcThe prediction formula of (c) is:
Qc＝Qdb×Ndb+Qt×Nt
wherein Q isdbTime-by-time historical load of the same external condition searched from the database according to the current environment temperature and humidity conditions, NdbIs its weight; qtThe daily hourly calculation load of the area obtained by calling a heating and ventilation calculation model according to the area of the building for cooling and heating, NtAs its weight, QtThe specific calculation process is as follows:
let Qi(t) as typical design day-to-day load of the modular building i in the area, then the cold/heat load index qi(t)，qi(t)＝Qi(t)/FiUnit W/m2In which F isiIs the area of the building model i;
let Ci＝Fi/F，CiOccupying the total building area for a certain state buildingThereby calculating the typical design area time-by-time daily cooling load Q (t),
the unit is kW, wherein F is the total area served by the regional cooling system, and n is the number of constructed model buildings;
the maximum value of the typical design day time-by-time regional cooling load Q (t) is the regional day time-by-time calculation load;
the number N of the terminal steam consuming equipment needing to be operatedDevice＝Qc/QDevice+1, wherein QDeviceThe refrigeration/heat capacity is rated for a single device.
4. A district cooling and heating steam desuperheating and depressurizing automatic control system as claimed in claim 1 wherein said terminal cold/heat load supply and demand change comprises: and pressure/temperature fluctuation at the steam outlet caused by one or more of the pressure/temperature control target value, the equipment end cold/heat load, the steam pipe network pressure and the temperature.
5. The automatic control system for temperature and pressure reduction of regional cooling and heating steam according to claim 2, wherein the upper computer (1) is further used for collecting parameters of steam pressure, temperature and flow in real time, calculating instantaneous power, accumulated steam consumption, energy efficiency and cost indexes to evaluate a control result of a previous control period, and using the control result as an adjustment basis for correcting the next control period, wherein relevant parameters are stored in a database according to a preset period to provide a basis for equipment maintenance and economic analysis.
6. A method for automatically controlling temperature and pressure reduction of district cooling and heating steam by using the system of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
s1, searching the regional time-by-time historical load Q of the same external condition from the historical database according to the current environmental temperature and humidity conditionsdbAccording to the area of the building for cooling and heating, calling a heating and ventilation calculation model to calculate the time-by-time of the areaCalculation load QtCalculating the regional hourly daily cooling/heating load demand Qc：
Qc＝Qdb×Ndb+Qt×Nt
Wherein N isdb、NtIs the corresponding weight;
s2, calculating the number of steam consuming equipment needing to be operated according to the time-by-time cooling/heating load requirements of the regional days: n is a radical ofDevice＝Qc/QDevice+1, wherein QDeviceJudging the increase or decrease of steam-using equipment for rated refrigeration/heat of single equipment, screening equipment with the minimum running time from stopped equipment to add in an operating equipment table if the equipment needs to be increased, and screening equipment with the longest running time from currently running equipment to add in a stopped equipment table if the equipment needs to be decreased;
s3, acquiring all equipment rated parameters needing to be operated from the operating equipment table, and comprehensively calculating a steam pressure control target value, a temperature control target value and a system pressure/temperature alarm limit value; the system pressure/temperature alarm limit value comprises a lower limit alarm value and an upper limit alarm value;
s4, judging whether the pressure/temperature at the current steam inlet is lower than the system pressure/temperature lower limit alarm value or not, if so, alarming to the upper computer (1), simultaneously stopping the connected steam equipment and closing a steam valve at the equipment end;
s5, when the pressure at the inlet of the steam pipe network is higher than the system pressure upper limit alarm value or the supply and demand of the tail end cold/heat load are changed, calculating the deviation between the pressure control target value and the measured value of the second pressure sensor (10) according to the measured values of the first pressure sensor (5) and the second pressure sensor (10), and regulating the opening of the steam pressure regulating valve (6) by a PID algorithm to enable the pressure after pressure reduction to reach the pressure control target value in combination with the actual opening of the steam pressure regulating valve (6);
s6, when the temperature at the inlet of the steam pipe network is higher than the system temperature upper limit alarm value or the supply and demand of the tail end cold/heat load are changed, calculating the deviation between the temperature control target value and the measured value of the second temperature sensor (9) according to the measured values of the first temperature sensor (4) and the second temperature sensor (9), and controlling the opening of the temperature reducing valve (11) and the operating frequency of the temperature reducing pump (12) through a PID algorithm to enable the temperature after temperature reduction to reach the temperature control target value;
s7, judging whether the temperature and the pressure after temperature and pressure reduction are consistent with a control target value or not according to the measured values of a second temperature sensor (9) and a second pressure sensor (10), if so, judging the start-stop mode of the equipment, opening a steam valve at the equipment end, and starting the equipment; if the equipment needs to be stopped, acquiring a stop equipment number from a stop equipment table of the upper computer, and stopping the corresponding equipment;
and S8, collecting steam pressure, temperature and flow parameters in real time, calculating the instantaneous steam use power, the accumulated steam use amount, the energy efficiency and the cost index to evaluate the control result of the previous control period, and using the control result as an adjustment basis for correcting the next control period.
7. The method for automatically controlling temperature and pressure reduction of district cooling and heating steam according to claim 6, further comprising, after the step S8:
s9, establishing a database in the upper computer (1), and storing each item of data in the step S8 according to a preset period to provide a basis for equipment maintenance and economic analysis.
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| CN111324097A (en) * | 2020-03-06 | 2020-06-23 | 上海明华电力科技有限公司 | Cooperative control method for multiple bus control devices of distributed energy station |
| CN112261150A (en) * | 2020-11-03 | 2021-01-22 | 中材锂膜有限公司 | Temperature and pressure reduction station control system |
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| CN113806929B (en) * | 2021-09-07 | 2023-10-03 | 武汉奋进智能机器有限公司 | Control method and device for steam electric regulating valve, electronic equipment and storage medium |
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