CN109973166B - System and method for improving power generation capacity of organic Rankine cycle - Google Patents

System and method for improving power generation capacity of organic Rankine cycle Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109973166B
CN109973166B CN201910277046.0A CN201910277046A CN109973166B CN 109973166 B CN109973166 B CN 109973166B CN 201910277046 A CN201910277046 A CN 201910277046A CN 109973166 B CN109973166 B CN 109973166B
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working medium
preheater
loop
jet pump
pump
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CN109973166A (en
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李新国
吴晓松
高冠怡
弭慧惠
李志游
李庆
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Tianjin University
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Tianjin University
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01KSTEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K13/00General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
    • F01K13/006Auxiliaries or details not otherwise provided for
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01KSTEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K13/00General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
    • F01K13/02Controlling, e.g. stopping or starting
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01KSTEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/08Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
    • F01K25/10Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01KSTEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K27/00Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a system for improving the power generation capacity of an organic Rankine cycle. The specific connection and the working flow of the system are as follows: the preheater, the evaporator, the expander, the jet pump, the condenser and the working medium pump are connected in series to form a main circulation loop. The preheater, the jet pump, the condenser and the working medium pump are connected in series to form an auxiliary circulation loop. The working medium at the outlet of the preheater is divided into a main circulating loop and an auxiliary circulating loop. The method for improving the power generation capacity of the organic Rankine cycle is characterized in that the position of a heat transfer narrow point of a heat absorption part of a working medium is adjusted by adjusting the ratio of the flow of working medium of a main loop and the flow of working medium of an auxiliary loop, so that the heat transfer narrow point moves downwards, the outlet temperature of a heat source is reduced, the heat release capacity of the heat source is increased, and the power performance of the cycle is improved. And meanwhile, the dryness of the working medium at the outlet of the jet pump is adjustable, so that the heat transfer matching property between the working medium and the cold source is enhanced. The system increases the power generation capacity and the heat transfer process matching performance of the organic Rankine cycle, and reduces the effective energy loss.

Description

System and method for improving power generation capacity of organic Rankine cycle
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of low-temperature heat source power generation, and particularly relates to a system for improving the power generation capacity of an organic Rankine cycle by additionally arranging a jet pump to adjust a narrow heat transfer point on the basis of a conventional organic Rankine cycle system.
Background
With the development of society, modern society is increasingly dependent on traditional energy, but traditional energy stores are limited, sustainable energy solar energy and geothermal energy enter the field of vision of people. Meanwhile, the utilization of natural resources and the cognition of the traditional energy sources on the pollution to the environment are gradually improved, and systems for generating power by using low-grade energy sources such as solar energy, wind energy, water energy, low-temperature waste heat and the like are gradually raised. The low-grade energy can ensure the total amount of output electric energy, and can reduce environmental pollution by recycling waste heat, and simultaneously improve the energy utilization rate. However, as the temperature difference between the low-grade energy source and the ambient temperature is smaller, if the system is used for the expansion machine to do work and generate electricity, the pressure difference of the circulating working medium cannot meet the requirement of the system operation, so that the steam pushing expansion machine has low work-doing capability. And the limit of output work is limited by the conventional organic Rankine cycle by adopting a working medium curve and a narrow heat transfer point of the working medium, so that the energy of a low-grade heat source cannot be fully utilized. Accordingly, the present invention discloses a system that can adjust the heat transfer pinch to increase the power generation capacity of an organic Rankine cycle.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a system for improving the power generation capacity of an organic Rankine cycle by dividing a working medium into a main circulation loop and an auxiliary circulation loop from an outlet of a preheater and adjusting a narrow heat transfer point on the basis of the conventional organic Rankine cycle.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the first technical scheme provided by the invention is a system for improving the power generation capacity of an organic Rankine cycle, on the basis of a conventional organic Rankine cycle, a heat transfer narrow point is regulated, a jet pump is connected in series between an expander and a condenser, and a working medium at an outlet of a preheater is divided into a main circulation loop and an auxiliary circulation loop;
the preheater, the evaporator, the expander, the jet pump, the condenser and the working medium pump are connected in series to form a main circulation loop;
the preheater, the jet pump, the condenser and the working medium pump are connected in series to form an auxiliary circulation loop;
a second technical solution of the present invention is a method for improving the power generation capacity of an organic rankine cycle, which adopts the system according to claim 1, and comprises the following steps:
1) The position of the heat transfer narrow point of the working medium of the heat absorption part is adjusted by adjusting the ratio of the working medium flows of the main loop and the auxiliary loop, so that the heat transfer narrow point moves downwards:
auxiliary loop mass flow m l Accounting for the total mass flow m l +m v In a ratio of 0 < m l /(m l +m v ) Between < 1;
2) The outlet temperature of the heat source is reduced, and the heat release amount of the heat source is increased:
the outlet temperature of the heat source is lower than that of the traditional ORC heat source, the minimum reduction amplitude can be the same as that of the traditional ORC, and the maximum reduction amplitude can be reduced to be only one narrow-point temperature difference higher than the inlet temperature of the working medium in the preheater;
3) The dryness of the jet pump outlet working medium is adjustable, and the heat transfer matching property between the working medium and the cold source is enhanced.
The method comprises the following specific flow steps:
1) The saturated liquid working medium at the outlet of the condenser is pressurized to the evaporating pressure by a working medium pump and flows through the preheater to heat the working medium to a saturated liquid state or an unsaturated liquid state;
2) The working medium is split into two working medium flows with different mass flow rates in the state:
a part of the flow passing through the main loop is heated by an evaporator;
another part flows through the auxiliary loop and enters the jet pump as working fluid of the jet pump;
3) The fluid passing through the evaporator is heated to a saturated gas state, and then isentropic expansion work of the expander is performed to drive the generator to generate electricity; the expanded exhaust gas is used as ejected steam to enter an ejector pump inlet;
the working fluid of the jet pump in the step 3) is mixed with the expanded exhaust gas in the jet pump, and the mixture is diffused and then discharged;
4) Cooling in a condenser, and pressurizing by a working medium pump to flow through a preheater to form a circulation process.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the invention reduces the back pressure of the expander, increases the working pressure difference and enhances the working capacity. In addition, the working medium at the outlet of the preheater is divided into a main circulation loop and an auxiliary circulation loop. The heat transfer narrow point is moved downwards by adjusting the ratio of the working medium flows of the main loop and the auxiliary loop and adjusting the position of the heat transfer narrow point of the working medium of the heat absorption part, the outlet temperature of the heat source is reduced, and the heat release capacity of the heat source and the heat transfer matching property of the working medium and the heat source are increased so as to improve the circulation acting capacity. And meanwhile, the dryness of the working medium at the outlet of the jet pump is adjustable, so that the heat transfer matching property between the working medium and the cold source is enhanced. The system enhances the matching of the power generation capacity and the heat transfer process of the organic Rankine cycle, and reduces the loss of effective energy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a temperature entropy diagram of a working medium of the system of the present invention.
Reference numerals: the system comprises a 1-evaporator, a 2-expander, a 3-jet pump, a 4-condenser, a 5-working medium pump, a 6-preheater and a 7-generator.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
Because the conventional organic Rankine cycle adopts a working medium curve and a narrow heat transfer point of a working medium to limit the output work of the organic Rankine cycle, the energy of a low-grade heat source cannot be fully utilized. In view of this problem, the present invention discloses a system that can adjust the heat transfer pinch to increase the power generation capacity of an organic rankine cycle.
To achieve the above object, a system for adjusting a heat transfer narrow point to improve the power generation capacity of an organic rankine cycle has a preheater 6, an evaporator 1, an expander 2, a generator 7, a jet pump 3, a condenser 4, and a working medium pump 5 as main components shown in fig. 1. In order to increase the pressure difference before and after the operation of the expander and to adjust the narrow point of the heat transfer process, an ejector pump 3 is connected in series between the expander 2 and the condenser 4 on the basis of a conventional organic Rankine cycle. The specific connection and the working flow of the system are as follows: the preheater 6, the evaporator 1, the expander 2, the jet pump 3, the condenser 4 and the working medium pump 5 are connected in series to form a main circulation loop. The preheater 6, the jet pump 3, the condenser 4 and the working medium pump 5 are connected in series to form an auxiliary circulation loop. The outlet working medium of the preheater 6 is divided into a main circulation loop and an auxiliary circulation loop.
The working process of the system of the invention is as follows: the saturated liquid working medium at the outlet of the condenser is pressurized to the evaporating pressure by a working medium pump and then enters the preheater to heat the working medium to a saturated liquid state. The saturated liquid working medium is split into two parts: part of working medium enters an evaporator to be heated and then enters an expander to perform work and power generation; and the other part of working medium is used as working fluid to enter the jet pump to jet the outlet exhaust of the expander so as to reduce the outlet pressure of the expander and increase the working capacity of the expander. The working fluid of the jet pump and the exhaust gas of the expansion machine are mixed in the jet pump, diffused and discharged, then enter the condenser for cooling, and pressurized by the working medium pump and flow through the preheater to form a circulation process.
The following is a comparison of two power generation systems.
Scheme one: the system selects pure working medium R245fa (1, 3-pentafluoropropane);
scheme II: the conventional organic Rankine cycle adopts pure working medium R245fa (1, 3-pentafluoropropane).
The calculation conditions are as follows: the heat source is represented by hot water at 120 ℃, and the mass flow is 1kg/s; the cooling water inlet temperature is 25 ℃, and the cooling water outlet temperature is 30 ℃. In the first scheme and the second scheme, R245fa is adopted as a circulating working medium, and the heat source/cold source conditions of the two schemes are the same.
TABLE 1
Scheme one:
1. the working medium at the outlet of the condenser is saturated liquid (4) at 30 ℃, the working medium is pressurized to the evaporating pressure of 1.228MP (5) by a working medium pump and then enters the preheater for heating, and the working medium is heated to 98.68 ℃ to saturate the liquid (6) under the evaporating pressure.
2. The saturated liquid working medium (6) at the outlet of the preheater is split into two parts, one part passes through the main circulation loop, and the mass flow of the part is m v =0.484 kg/s; the other part passes through an auxiliary circulation loop, and the mass flow is m l =2.40 kg/s, the mass ratio of the two is m l/ m v =5。
3. The saturated liquid working medium (6) in the main circulation loop is heated to saturated gas state (1) through an evaporator, the temperature is 98.68 ℃, and the pressure is 1.288MP. Then enters an expander to do work. The exhaust gas (2) after isentropic expansion is mixed with the saturated liquid working medium (6) in the jet pump, and is discharged (3) after diffusion, wherein the temperature is 35 ℃ and the pressure is 0.212MP.
4. The mixed working medium is pumped out of the jet pump and enters the condenser to be cooled to saturated liquid (4), the pressure is 0.212MP, and the temperature is 35 ℃. Saturated liquid at the outlet of the condenser is pressurized by a working medium pump and sent into the preheater. Thus completing a cycle. Fig. 2 is a temperature entropy diagram of a working medium of the system of the present invention.
As shown in the data comparison of table 1, under the condition of setting the heat source and the cold source, the second scheme is the data of maximum output work: the method comprises the following steps: compared with the conventional organic Rankine cycle, the working capacity of the system is improved by 55%.

Claims (1)

1. The method for improving the power generation capacity of the organic Rankine cycle is characterized in that a system is adopted, a heat transfer narrow point is regulated on the basis of the conventional organic Rankine cycle, a jet pump is connected in series between an expander and a condenser, and a working medium at an outlet of a preheater is divided into a main circulation loop and an auxiliary circulation loop; the preheater, the evaporator, the expander, the jet pump, the condenser and the working medium pump are connected in series to form a main circulation loop; the preheater, the jet pump, the condenser and the working medium pump are connected in series to form an auxiliary circulation loop; the method comprises the following steps:
1) The heat transfer narrow point is moved downwards by adjusting the ratio of the working medium flow of the main loop and the auxiliary loop and the position of the working medium heat transfer narrow point of the heat absorption part, wherein the ratio of the mass flow ml of the auxiliary loop to the total mass flow ml+mv can be adjusted within the range of 0 < ml/(ml+mv) < 1;
2) The outlet temperature of the heat source is reduced, and the heat release amount of the heat source is increased: the outlet temperature of the heat source is lower than that of the traditional ORC heat source, the minimum reduction amplitude can be the same as that of the traditional ORC, and the maximum reduction amplitude can be reduced to be only one narrow-point temperature difference higher than the inlet temperature of the working medium in the preheater;
3) The dryness of the working medium of the jet pump outlet is adjustable, so that the heat transfer matching property between the working medium and the cold source is enhanced;
the specific flow steps are as follows:
1) The saturated liquid working medium at the outlet of the condenser is pressurized to the evaporating pressure by a working medium pump and flows through the preheater to heat the working medium to a saturated liquid state;
2) The working medium is split into two working medium flows with different mass flow rates in the state: a part of the flow passing through the main loop is heated by an evaporator;
another part flows through the auxiliary loop and enters the jet pump as working fluid of the jet pump;
3) The fluid passing through the evaporator is heated to a saturated gas state, and then isentropic expansion work of the expander is performed to drive the generator to generate electricity; the expanded exhaust gas is used as ejected steam to enter an ejector pump inlet;
the working fluid of the jet pump in the step 3) is mixed with the expanded exhaust gas in the jet pump, and the mixture is diffused and then discharged;
4) Cooling in a condenser, and pressurizing by a working medium pump to flow through a preheater to form a circulation process.
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CN110593973A (en) * 2019-09-01 2019-12-20 天津大学 System for improving power generation capacity through organic Rankine cycle combined with flash evaporation and control method
CN110578566A (en) * 2019-09-01 2019-12-17 天津大学 organic Rankine cycle power generation system combining flash evaporation and injection pump and control method thereof
US20240084722A1 (en) * 2019-10-11 2024-03-14 Teknologian Tutkimuskeskus Vtt Oy A rankine cycle arrangement comprising an ejector
CN115773290A (en) * 2022-12-05 2023-03-10 中国海洋大学 Pre-expansion injection mechanism and pre-expansion heating non-azeotropic absorption type cold-power combined supply circulation system
CN116558140B (en) * 2023-05-12 2023-12-15 广东海洋大学 Combined cooling and power system

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