CN109971974B - Production process for refining blister copper - Google Patents

Production process for refining blister copper Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109971974B
CN109971974B CN201910203782.1A CN201910203782A CN109971974B CN 109971974 B CN109971974 B CN 109971974B CN 201910203782 A CN201910203782 A CN 201910203782A CN 109971974 B CN109971974 B CN 109971974B
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slagging
furnace
copper
slag
oxidation
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CN109971974A (en
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周俊
臧轲轲
余小华
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Tongling Nonferrous Metals Group Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
    • C22B15/0026—Pyrometallurgy
    • C22B15/006—Pyrometallurgy working up of molten copper, e.g. refining
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
    • C22B9/10—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals with refining or fluxing agents; Use of materials therefor, e.g. slagging or scorifying agents
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of non-ferrous metal smelting, in particular to a production process for refining blister copper, which comprises the following steps: adding a slagging agent, feeding raw copper, oxidizing and slagging, discharging slag and reducing. By adopting the crude copper refining production process, the slagging constituent is added firstly, then the crude copper melt is added, and in the oxidation slagging process, Fe in the crude copper is combined with the slagging constituent to form the slag melt at the initial oxidation stage, so that the generation of Fe can be avoided3O4Solid solution is separated out and is bonded to the furnace wall and the furnace bottom to form a furnace knot, so that the volume of the hearth and the normal rotation of the furnace body are kept; the crude copper melt is fed and oxidized for slagging operation in times, the oxidation process is easy to control, and the generation of Fe caused by peroxidation of Fe is greatly reduced3O4Thereby effectively controlling the growth of accretions; the slag is discharged after the fractional feeding and the fractional oxidation slagging are finished, so that the frequency of discharging the slag is reduced, a large amount of copper is prevented from being discharged along with the slag, and the copper content of the slag is greatly reduced.

Description

Production process for refining blister copper
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of non-ferrous metal smelting, in particular to a production process for refining crude copper produced by a continuous converting process.
Background
The pyrometallurgical copper smelting process generally comprises three procedures of smelting, blowing and refining. When the continuous converting process is adopted to produce the blister copper, because a large amount of slag and blister copper are coexisted in a molten pool, in order to reduce the content of copper in the slag and ensure the direct yield of the smelted copper, the produced blister copper has high sulfur content, and thus the chemical balance formed by copper matte determines that the blister copper also has high content of Fe.
At present, when a rotary anode furnace is adopted to refine high-Fe-content blister copper produced by a continuous converting process, Fe in the blister copper is oxidized into Fe in the oxidation period of refining3O4Form Fe-containing3O4High spinel solid solution, and part of the spinel solid solution is adhered to the furnace wall of the refractory brick of the refining furnace to grow into a furnace knot. The existence of accretion can increase anode furnace wall thickness, so not only can reduce anode furnace volume, reduces the single-furnace output of positive pole copper, increases the frequency of anode furnace casting, therefore will improve cold copper incidence, and cold copper reduces output again when returning to the stove and resmelting, increases the energy consumption. When the furnace accretion is too large, the anode furnace is heavier and difficult to tilt. Further, Fe3O4The viscosity of the slag is increased, so that the slag discharging difficulty of the anode furnace is caused, a large amount of copper is discharged along with the slag, and the treatment capacity and the treatment difficulty of the slag are increased. Thus, in refining using a rotary anode furnace, the crude is continuously blownHow to control the growth of the accretion in copper is an urgent problem to be solved in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a production process for refining crude copper, which can control the growth of accretions in a furnace body.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a production process for refining blister copper comprises the following steps:
a) adding a slagging agent: adding a slagging agent into the refining furnace, and tilting the furnace body to enable the slagging agent to be paved in the furnace;
b) raw copper feeding, oxidation and slagging: adding a crude copper melt into a refining furnace, wherein the crude copper melt is fed twice or three times: feeding twice, wherein after adding the crude copper melt each time, the converter body is tilted, and air is introduced to carry out oxidation slagging operation; when feeding is carried out for three times, after the crude copper melt is added for the second time and the third time, the furnace body is tilted, and air is introduced for oxidation slagging operation; the temperature of the crude copper melt is kept between 1200 and 1240 ℃ in the process;
c) slag discharge and reduction: and after the last oxidation slagging operation is finished, skimming the produced slag from the furnace mouth, and carrying out reduction operation to obtain refined copper.
By adopting the crude copper refining production process, the slagging constituent is added firstly, then the crude copper melt is added, and in the oxidation slagging process, Fe in the crude copper is combined with the slagging constituent to form the slag melt at the initial oxidation stage, so that the generation of Fe can be avoided3O4Solid solution is separated out and is bonded to the furnace wall and the furnace bottom to form a furnace knot, so that the volume of the hearth and the normal rotation of the furnace body are kept; the crude copper melt is fed and oxidized for slagging operation in times, the oxidation process is easy to control, and the generation of Fe caused by peroxidation of Fe is greatly reduced3O4Thereby further controlling the growth of accretions; the slag is discharged after the fractional feeding and the fractional oxidation slagging are finished, so that the frequency of discharging the slag is reduced, a large amount of copper is prevented from being discharged along with the slag, and the copper content of the slag is greatly reduced.
Preferably, the slagging agent is quartz sand. Fe in the crude copper is oxidized in the oxidation period of refining and then is mixed with a slag former quartz sandSiO of (2)2Bond formation of Cu2O-FeO-SiO2Is a slag melt, so that the generation of a spinel solid solution can be avoided, thereby avoiding the generation of accretions and ensuring the normal operation of the anode furnace. In addition, a ferrite slag system is mostly adopted in the continuous converting process, and meanwhile, in order to reduce the output of slag, the operation of high copper matte grade and high oxygen-enriched concentration is adopted, so that impurities such as Pb, Bi and the like in the copper matte can easily enter the blister copper, and the produced blister copper is high in Pb and Bi content. The quartz sand is used as a slagging agent, the slag is silicate slag, and the distribution coefficient of impurities such as Pb, Bi and the like in the blister copper in the silicate slag is much higher than that in the ferrite slag, so that the impurities of Pb and Bi are more easily enriched in the silicate slag to be discharged, and the content of the impurities of Pb and Bi in the anode copper is effectively reduced.
Preferably, the addition amount of the slagging agent is 0.5-1.0% of the mass of the crude copper to be refined. The function of the slag former is firstly to form Cu with iron oxide produced in the oxidation refining process of the blister copper2O-FeO-SiO2Slag melts to avoid oxidation of Fe in blister copper to Fe3O4Forming spinel with high melting point to be separated out and adhered to the furnace wall to form a furnace knot; secondly, the slag former can perform reduction slagging reaction with accretions formed in the furnace to melt the accretions, so that the growth of the accretions can be controlled, and the accretions in the furnace can be controlled to a certain degree.
Therefore, when the newly built furnace body is put into use, after a layer of slag is accumulated and bonded on the inner wall of the refining furnace, the production process of the crude copper refining is adopted. In the initial stage of furnace body building and putting into use, no slag former is added in the refining process, and Fe formed in the oxidation stage of crude copper refining is firstly enabled to be firstly3O4Forming a slag adhering protective layer in the furnace, wherein the protective layer can protect the lining of a refractory brick from being corroded in the subsequent slagging process, the slag adhering protective layer in the furnace can be basically formed after about 10 furnaces are operated, and then the production process of the crude copper refining is adopted; for the refining furnace which generates a certain amount of accretions, the dosage of the slag-forming agent is adjusted, so that the accretions can be effectively ablated, the accretions are controlled to a certain degree, and the stability of the volume of the hearth is ensuredAnd the service life of the refining furnace is greatly prolonged.
Preferably, in the step a), the flux of the slagging agent is added into the refining furnace, the furnace body is tilted back and forth, so that the slagging agent is paved on the inner wall of the furnace and fully volatilizes water, and then the operation of the step b) is started. The fluxing agent of the slag former is spread in the furnace as uniformly as possible, after the raw copper is fed, the raw copper is fully contacted with the spread fluxing agent of the slag former, the furnace body is tilted, the slag former is uniformly dispersed in the raw copper fluxing agent, the slag former can be fully contacted with the metal oxide to form slag during the oxidation slagging operation, the Fe is ensured to be oxidized into FeO, namely the FeO is combined with the fluxing agent to form slag fluxing agent, and the Fe is prevented from being combined with the fluxing agent to form slag fluxing agent3O4Thereby avoiding accretion growth.
Preferably, in the step b), when the crude copper melt is fed twice, air is introduced after the crude copper melt is fed for the first time for oxidizing and slagging operation, the time is 0.5-1 h, air is introduced after the crude copper melt is fed for the second time for oxidizing and slagging operation, and the oxidizing and slagging operation is finished after the oxidizing end point is reached; when the crude copper melt is fed for three times, air is introduced to carry out the first oxidation slagging operation after the second feeding, the time is 0.5-1 h, air is introduced to carry out the second oxidation slagging operation after the third feeding, and the oxidation slagging operation is finished after the oxidation end point is reached. The selection divides into two feeding or cubic feeding, and the sediment is not arranged after the first oxidation slagging operation, waits to arrange the sediment again after the last oxidation slagging operation, has not only simplified the technology in oxidation stage, and the slag of output is also more even, does benefit to the post processing.
Preferably, in the step c), the slag is skimmed from a furnace mouth, cooled and crushed, and then returned to the smelting furnace for treatment.
Compared with the prior art, the production process for refining the blister copper adopts the method of adding the quartz sand flux and then adding the blister copper melt to refine the blister copper, can control the growth of accretions, ensures the normal production operation of the anode refining furnace, and effectively solves the equipment and process problems caused by accretion growth in the operation of the continuous converting blister copper refining furnace; the crude copper flux adopts the processes of feeding in times, oxidizing and slagging in times and finally deslagging, thereby avoiding the growth of accretions caused by excessive oxidation of Fe and reducing the copper content of slag; pb and Bi impurities are enriched in silicate slag, so that the purposes of removing impurities in the anode refining process and controlling the contents of impurities such as Pb, Bi and the like in refined copper are achieved; for a newly built furnace body, a slag-adhering protective layer is formed in the furnace body before the furnace body is put into use so as to protect a brick lining of the furnace body from being corroded, and for a furnace body which generates a large amount of accretions, the accretions can be gradually melted by using the crude copper refining production process, the accretion amount is controlled within a certain range, the stability of the volume of a hearth is ensured, and the service life of a refining furnace is greatly prolonged.
Detailed Description
The blister copper refining production process of the present invention is further described below by way of examples.
In the following embodiments, the crude copper to be refined is crude copper melt obtained under the same process conditions, and is filled in an converting furnace; the slag former is quartz sand flux of the same batch; the crude copper, anode copper, and slag of each example were sampled for analysis of the major elemental composition and reported in table 1 for refining using the following embodiment.
Example 1:
a) a copper anode furnace with the rated refining amount of 600t, wherein a furnace mouth is turned to the upper part, a crane and a boat-shaped bucket are used for pouring quartz sand flux into the anode furnace, and the quartz sand addition amount is added according to the upper limit of 6t because the crude copper contains higher Fe and has higher impurity content; the furnace body is tilted back and forth to disperse the quartz sand flux and fully volatilize water;
b) discharging the crude copper melt in the converting furnace to an anode furnace for 200t through a chute, rotating the furnace body for several times after stopping discharging, mixing a slagging agent and the crude copper melt, diffusing the mixture in the furnace, keeping the temperature of the furnace body, and preventing an oxidation reduction tuyere from blowing air for oxidation. Discharging 200t of crude copper melt to the anode furnace again for the second time, rotating the furnace body after discharging, sending compressed air to an oxidation reduction tuyere for oxidation slagging operation, stopping air supply after oxidizing for 1 hour, not carrying out deslagging operation, and turning the furnace mouth to a feeding position; discharging the crude copper melt 200t to the anode furnace again for the third time, rotating the furnace body after the discharge is finished, and carrying out secondary oxidation slagging operation until the sulfur content of the crude copper reaches the end point requirement; the temperature of the crude copper melt in the furnace is kept at (1220 +/-20) DEG C in the oxidation slagging process;
c) and after the oxidation is finished, rotating the furnace body to carry out slag skimming operation, pouring the slag into a slag ladle, and skimming the slag as far as possible. And (4) carrying out reduction operation of the blister copper after skimming, and carrying out anode casting operation after reduction is finished.
Example 2:
a) a copper anode furnace with the rated refining amount of 600t, wherein a furnace mouth is turned to the upper part, a quartz sand flux is poured into the anode furnace by a crane and a boat-shaped bucket, and a slagging agent is added according to the lower limit of 3t because the crude copper contains low Fe and high impurities containing Pb and Bi; the furnace body is tilted to disperse the poured quartz sand flux and quickly volatilize water;
b) discharging the crude copper melt in the converting furnace to an anode furnace for 300t through a chute, and after the discharge is finished, rotating the furnace body for several times to fully mix a slagging constituent and the crude copper melt and disperse the slagging constituent and the crude copper melt in the furnace; and rotating the furnace body to an oxidation-reduction position, starting to perform first oxidation slagging operation, and stopping the oxidation slagging operation after 40 minutes without discharging slag. And discharging 300t of crude copper melt to the anode furnace for the second time, transferring the furnace body to an oxidation reduction position after the discharge is finished, and carrying out secondary oxidation slagging until the sulfur content of the crude copper reaches the end point requirement. Keeping the temperature of the crude copper melt in the furnace at (1220 plus or minus 20) DEG C;
c) and after the oxidation is finished, rotating the furnace body to carry out slag skimming operation, pouring the slag into a slag ladle, and skimming the slag as far as possible. And (4) carrying out reduction operation of the blister copper after skimming, and carrying out anode casting operation after reduction is finished.
Example 3:
a) a copper anode furnace with the rated refining amount of 600t is provided, a furnace mouth is turned to the upper part, quartz sand fusing agent is poured into the anode furnace by a crane and a boat-shaped bucket, and the quartz sand is added according to the higher amount of 5t because the crude copper contains higher Fe and contains low impurities. The furnace body is tilted to disperse the poured quartz sand flux and quickly volatilize water;
b) discharging the crude copper melt in the converting furnace to an anode furnace for 300t through a chute, and after the discharge is finished, rotating the furnace body for several times to fully mix a slagging constituent and the crude copper melt and disperse the slagging constituent and the crude copper melt in the furnace; and then the furnace body is rotated to the oxidation-reduction position, the first oxidation slagging operation is started, and the oxidation slagging operation is stopped after 40 minutes without discharging slag. And discharging 300t of crude copper melt to the anode furnace for the second time, transferring the furnace body to an oxidation reduction position after the discharge is finished, and carrying out the second oxidation slagging until the sulfur content of the crude copper reaches the end point requirement. Keeping the temperature of the crude copper melt in the furnace at (1220 plus or minus 20) DEG C;
c) deslagging: and after the oxidation is finished, rotating the furnace body to carry out slag skimming operation, pouring the slag into a slag ladle, and skimming the slag as far as possible. And (4) carrying out reduction operation of the blister copper after skimming, and carrying out anode casting operation after reduction is finished.
Example 4:
a) a copper anode furnace with the rated refining amount of 600t, wherein a furnace mouth is turned to the upper part, a crane and a boat-shaped bucket are used for pouring quartz sand flux into the anode furnace, and the quartz sand is added according to the higher amount of 5t because the crude copper contains higher Fe and higher impurities containing Pb and Bi; the furnace body is tilted to disperse the poured quartz sand flux and quickly volatilize water;
b) discharging the crude copper melt in the converting furnace to an anode furnace for 200t through a chute, rotating the furnace body for several times after stopping discharging, and mixing a slagging agent and the crude copper melt and diffusing the mixture in the furnace; the furnace body keeps warm, and the oxidation-reduction tuyere does not send air for oxidation. Discharging 200t of crude copper melt to the anode furnace again for the second time, rotating the furnace body after discharging, sending compressed air to an oxidation reduction tuyere for oxidation slagging operation, stopping air supply after oxidizing for 1 hour, not carrying out deslagging operation, and turning the furnace mouth to a feeding position; and discharging the crude copper melt 200t to the anode furnace for the third time, rotating the furnace body after the discharge is finished, and performing secondary oxidation slagging operation until the sulfur content in the crude copper reaches the end point requirement. The temperature of the crude copper melt in the furnace is kept at (1220 +/-20) DEG C in the oxidation slagging process;
c) and after the oxidation is finished, rotating the furnace body to carry out slag skimming operation, pouring the slag into a slag ladle, and skimming the slag as far as possible. And (4) carrying out reduction operation of the blister copper after skimming, and carrying out anode casting operation after reduction is finished. .
As can be seen from the comparison between the component content data of the slag and the anode copper obtained in each example in Table 1 and the components of the blister copper, the blister copper with high Fe, Pb and Bi contents is continuously blown, quartz sand is used as a slag former in the refining process, and the oxidation slagging operation is carried out to produce the anode copper with low Fe, Pb and Bi contents and the iron silicate slag with high Fe, Pb and Bi contents, so that the aim of removing Fe, Pb and Bi from the blister copper is fulfilled.
Table 1 examples 1-4 main elemental composition of blister copper, anode copper and slag
Figure BDA0001998324520000071
Figure BDA0001998324520000081

Claims (6)

1. A production process for refining blister copper comprises the following steps:
a) adding a slagging agent: adding a slagging agent into the refining furnace, and tilting the furnace body to enable the slagging agent to be paved in the furnace;
b) raw copper feeding, oxidation and slagging: adding a crude copper melt into a refining furnace, wherein the crude copper melt is fed twice or three times: feeding twice, wherein after adding the crude copper melt each time, the converter body is tilted, and air is introduced to carry out oxidation slagging operation; when feeding is carried out for three times, after the crude copper melt is added for the second time and the third time, the furnace body is tilted, and air is introduced for oxidation slagging operation; the temperature of the crude copper melt is kept between 1200 and 1240 ℃ in the process;
c) slag discharge and reduction: after the last oxidation slagging operation is finished, skimming the produced slag from a furnace mouth, and carrying out reduction operation to obtain refined copper;
the slagging agent is quartz sand; the addition amount of the slagging agent is 0.5 to 1.0 percent of the mass of the crude copper to be refined.
2. A process for refining blister copper according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step a), the flux of the slagging agent is added into the refining furnace, the furnace body is tilted back and forth, so that the slagging agent is paved on the inner wall of the furnace and fully volatilizes water, and then the operation of the step b) is started.
3. A process for refining blister copper according to claim 1, characterized in that: and in the step b), when the crude copper melt is fed twice, introducing air after the first feeding for oxidizing and slagging operation for 0.5-1 h, and introducing air after the second feeding for oxidizing and slagging operation to finish the oxidizing and slagging operation after the oxidation end point is reached.
4. A process for refining blister copper according to claim 1, characterized in that: and in the step b), when the crude copper melt is fed for three times, introducing air after the secondary feeding to perform the primary oxidation slagging operation for 0.5-1 h, introducing air after the tertiary feeding to perform the secondary oxidation slagging operation, and finishing the oxidation slagging operation after the oxidation end point is reached.
5. A process for refining blister copper according to claim 1, characterized in that: and in the step c), skimming the slag from the furnace mouth, cooling, crushing and returning to the smelting furnace for treatment.
6. A process for refining blister copper according to claim 1, characterized in that: and after a layer of slag is accumulated and bonded on the inner wall of the refining furnace, the production process for refining the blister copper is adopted.
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CN113046565B (en) * 2021-03-02 2023-03-21 包头华鼎铜业发展有限公司 Method for further removing impurities in pyrogenic refined copper
CN113999996B (en) * 2021-09-26 2022-03-29 江西铜业技术研究院有限公司 Method for preparing anode plate by complex copper-containing material through fire refining

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