CN109971656B - Ginger endogenetic trichoderma viride and application thereof - Google Patents

Ginger endogenetic trichoderma viride and application thereof Download PDF

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CN109971656B
CN109971656B CN201910331866.3A CN201910331866A CN109971656B CN 109971656 B CN109971656 B CN 109971656B CN 201910331866 A CN201910331866 A CN 201910331866A CN 109971656 B CN109971656 B CN 109971656B
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ginger
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trichoderma viride
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CN109971656A (en
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刘增亮
汪茜
周双云
陈廷速
宋娟
李冬萍
覃晓娟
张金莲
王晓国
车江旅
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Guangxi Zhuang Nationality Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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INSTITUTE OF MICROBIOLOGY GUANGXI ZHUANG AUTONOMOUS ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00Protecting plants
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/25Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N63/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
    • A01N63/30Microbial fungi; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
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    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/14Fungi; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/145Fungal isolates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N3/00Spore forming or isolating processes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12RINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
    • C12R2001/00Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
    • C12R2001/645Fungi ; Processes using fungi
    • C12R2001/885Trichoderma

Abstract

The invention discloses ginger endogenetic trichoderma viride and application thereof. The strain is Trichoderma viride (Trichoderma viride) BJM-11, is preserved in the common microorganism center of China Committee for culture Collection of microorganisms, the preservation address is No. 3 of Xilu No.1 of Beijing Korean district, the preservation date is 3 and 21 days in 2019, and the preservation number is CGMCC No. 17196. The strain BJM-11 has stronger antagonism on pythium nodosum and fusarium oxysporum of banana fusarium wilt of ginger stem rot flora, and can be used for preventing and treating ginger stem rot and banana fusarium wilt.

Description

Ginger endogenetic trichoderma viride and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biological control, and particularly relates to ginger endogenetic trichoderma viride and application thereof.
Background
The ginger is an important economic crop, has high nutritive value, and is an important seasoning and a good Chinese medicinal material. The banana is one of the fruit products with remarkable economic benefit in the markets at home and abroad, and the banana industry plays an increasingly important role in the market economy along with the continuous development of modern science and technology. Ginger stem rot and banana wilt are main diseases affecting the growth of ginger and banana respectively, and the industrial development is seriously affected.
At present, the method for preventing and treating the stem rot of ginger and the fusarium wilt of bananas is mainly chemical agent prevention and treatment, but a large amount of chemical agents are used to bring many problems to environmental ecology and safety of people and livestock, and pathogenic bacteria can easily generate drug resistance. The biocontrol microorganism is a research hotspot at home and abroad at present due to the advantages of environmental protection, safety, difficult generation of drug resistance and the like.
The endophytic fungi can be distributed in different tissues of plants, does not cause obvious symptoms of host plants, is protected by the tissues of the plants, is not influenced by external environment, and has stable ecological environment. Therefore, the endophytic fungi can more easily play a biological control role, and the disease prevention mechanism mainly shows that the endophytic fungi compete with pathogenic bacteria for nutrient substances or space, generate substances such as antibiotics, hydrolytic enzymes, plant growth regulators and the like, promote the growth of host plants, enhance the stress resistance of the induced host plants, enable the host plants to generate systemic resistance and the like, and control diseases. If endophytic fungi with antagonistic action on ginger stem rot and banana fusarium wilt can be separated from plants, the method has important significance for preventing and controlling ginger stem rot and banana fusarium wilt.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide ginger endogenetic trichoderma viride and application thereof. The ginger endogenous trichoderma viride strain BJM-11 disclosed by the invention is high in growth speed, high in spore propagation speed and large in amount, can occupy living space in a short time, has a strong antagonistic effect on the rhizopus forming bacteria of ginger stem rot bacteria and fusarium oxysporum of banana fusarium oxysporum, and has important significance on biological prevention and control of ginger and banana diseases and normal growth of ginger and bananas.
The ginger endogenous Trichoderma viride is named as Trichoderma viride (Trichoderma viride) BJM-11, and is preserved in the common microorganism center of China Committee for culture Collection of microorganisms, the preservation address is No. 3 of West Lu 1 of the sunward Chen of Beijing city, the preservation date is 3 and 21 days in 2019, and the preservation number is CGMCC No. 17196.
Furthermore, the ITS sequence of the ginger endogenetic trichoderma viride BJM-11 is shown in SEQ ID NO. 1.
The invention also provides application of the ginger endogenous trichoderma viride, in particular to application of the strain BJM-11 in preventing and treating ginger stem rot and banana wilt.
Furthermore, the strain BJM-11 can be used for preparing a spore suspension for preventing and treating ginger stem rot or banana vascular wilt.
Further, the preparation method of the spore suspension comprises the following steps: the strain BJM-11 was inoculated on a PDA plate, cultured at 28 ℃ for 5 days, and the surface of the plate was washed with sterile water to obtain a spore suspension of the strain BJM-11.
Furthermore, the strain BJM-11 spore suspension is diluted and then is used for preventing and treating ginger stem rot or banana vascular wilt in a furrow application or root irrigation mode.
Further, the bacterial liquid concentration of the bacterial strain BJM-11 spore suspension is determined by a blood counting method, and the spore concentration is adjusted to be 107spore/mL; before ginger is planted, furrow application is carried out on the strain BJM-11 spore suspension liquid with the adjusted concentration according to the proportion of 10L/mu mixed with water 1000 times, and the strain BJM-11 spore suspension liquid is applied once again according to the same dosage after seedling emergence for twice in total; can be used for preventing and treating stem rot of rhizoma Zingiberis recens.
Has the advantages that:
the ginger endogenous trichoderma viride strain BJM-11 disclosed by the invention is high in growth speed, high in spore propagation speed and large in amount, can occupy living space in a short time, has a strong antagonistic effect on the rhizopus forming bacteria of ginger stem rot bacteria and fusarium oxysporum of banana fusarium oxysporum, and provides a basis for biological prevention and control of ginger and banana diseases. Through tests, the inhibition rate of the ginger endogenous trichoderma viride strain BJM-11 on ginger stem rot bacteria reaches 92.72%, and the inhibition rate on banana fusarium wilt bacteria reaches 82.38%; in the process of planting ginger, the strain BJM-11 can effectively protect the plant, so that the incidence degree of ginger stem rot is greatly reduced, and the yield of ginger is improved. The bacterial strain BJM-11 provided by the invention can be prepared into spore suspension, and is applied in the planting process of ginger and banana, so that the use of chemical agents can be greatly reduced, and the ecological environment and the safety of human and livestock are protected.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a colony morphology map of strain BJM-11;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the morphology of spores and conidiophores of the strain BJM-11;
FIG. 3 is a phylogenetic tree diagram of strain BJM-11 constructed based on rDNA-ITS sequence characteristics;
FIG. 4 is a plate-opposed culture of the strain BJM-11 and Pythium officinale Kimura of the ginger stalk rot fungus group, wherein A is the treatment of the strain BJM-11 and B is CK (control);
FIG. 5 shows the plate-confronted culture of the strain BJM-11 and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense, wherein A is the treatment of the strain BJM-11 and B is CK (control);
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the pot control effect of the strain BJM-11 on ginger phomopsis, wherein A is CK (control) and B is the treatment of the strain BJM-11;
FIG. 7 is a field control effect of the strain BJM-11 on ginger stem rot, wherein A is CK (control) and B is the treatment of the strain BJM-11.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples.
Examples
Strain acquisition and nomenclature:
the invention separates an endophytic fungus from the root system of Guangxi healthy ginger, and the fungus is identified by microbial taxonomy and named as Trichoderma viride (BJM-11), the strain is preserved, the preservation unit is the common microorganism center of China Committee for culture Collection of microorganisms, and the address is as follows: xilu No.1 Hospital No. 3, Beijing, Chaoyang, North; the preservation number is CGMCC No.17196, and the preservation date is 3 and 21 months in 2019.
(II) morphological characteristics:
the ginger endogenous trichoderma viride BJM-11 has the morphological characteristics that: as shown in figure 1, the whole plate can grow over after being cultured on the PDA culture medium for 3 days at 28 ℃, the plate is initially white, and spores are obviously generated and gradually increased when the plate is cultured for 3 days, so that bacterial colonies are yellow green; the colony is loose and flat, has dry appearance and has ring lines. As shown in FIG. 2, microscopic observation revealed that conidiophores had secondary and tertiary branches, and that paired branches formed phialides at the ends of the branches. Conidiophore is spherical and elliptical, spore wall is smooth, and spore diameter is 2-5 μm.
(III) the ITS sequence of the ginger endogenous trichoderma viride BJM-11 is shown as follows:
ggggatttccggagtttcactgcaaacccaatgtgaacgttaccaaactgttgcctcggcgggatctctgccccgggtgcgtcgcagccccggaccaaggcgcccgccggaggaccaaccaaaactcttattgtataccccctcgcgggtttttttactatctgagccatctcggcgcccctcgtgggcgtttcgaaaatgaatcaaaactttcaacaacggatctcttggttctggcatcgatgaagaacgcagcgaaatgcgataagtaatgtgaattgcagaattcagtgaatcatcgaatctttgaacgcacattgcgcccgccagtattctggcgggcatgcctgtccgagcgtcatttcaaccctcgaacccctccggggggtcggcgttggggatcggccctttacggggccggccccgaaatacagtggcggtctcgccgcagcctctcctgcgcagtagtttgcacactcgcatcgggagcgcggcgcgtccacagccgttaaacaccccaaacttctgaaatgttgacctcggatcaggtaggaatacccgctgaacttaagcatatcaataagcggaggaa
(IV) ITS sequence analysis of the ginger endogenous trichoderma viride BJM-11 of the invention:
ITS sequences were subjected to Blast alignment and homology comparison analysis in the NCBI database. Multiple sequence alignments are performed by CLUSTAL software, and a phylogenetic tree is constructed by MEGA6.0 software for clustering analysis, as shown in FIG. 3. And classifying and identifying the strains according to the group relationship in the phylogenetic tree and the morphological identification result.
Fifthly, the ginger endogenous trichoderma viride BJM-11 is respectively cultured with the confronting of ginger stem rot bacteria and banana wilt bacteria:
placing an indicating fungus cake with the diameter of 4mm in the center of a PDA flat plate, placing an endophytic fungus cake at the position of 3cm away from the two ends of the PDA flat plate, repeating the treatment for 4 times, taking a 4mm non-inoculated agar block as a reference, culturing in the dark at 28 ℃, measuring the colony diameter of the pathogenic bacteria by a cross method after 5 days, and calculating the growth inhibition rate of the test strains on the pathogenic bacteria.
Inhibition rate ═ [ (control colony diameter-treated colony diameter)/control colony diameter ] × 100%.
The test results are as follows: as shown in Table 1, the inhibition rate of the strain BJM-11 on the stem rot of ginger reaches 92.72%, and the inhibition rate on the fusarium oxysporum of banana reaches 82.38%; as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the hyphae of BJM-11 grew rapidly on the PDA plates cultured on the strains of BJM-11 and two pathogenic bacteria, and almost completely covered the whole plates at the time of inoculation for 5 days.
Sixthly, the ginger endogenous trichoderma viride BJM-11 fermentation liquid inhibits ginger stem rot bacteria and banana fusarium wilt bacteria:
under aseptic conditions, the BJM-11 was inoculated into 300mLPDB medium and cultured at 28 ℃ for 180 r.min-1After 10 days of culture, 5000 r.min-1Centrifuging for 5min, collecting supernatant, vacuum filtering with 0.22 μm microporous membrane to remove thallus, and collecting filtrate; the antagonistic activity is measured by adopting a growth rate method, 10mL of antagonistic bacteria filtrate is uniformly mixed with 90mL of sterilized PDA culture medium and poured into a flat plate, and the same amount of sterile water is added into a control group; taking a fungus cake at the edge of a colony of the phomopsis longipes cultured for 4d by using a puncher with the diameter of 4mm, and inoculating the hypha face downwards onto a flat plate containing endophytic fungi fermentation liquor; each treatment is repeated for 4 times, the culture is carried out for 7 days at the constant temperature of 28 ℃, the colony diameter of pathogenic bacteria is measured by adopting a cross method, and the inhibition rate is calculated.
Inhibition rate ═ [ (control colony diameter-treated colony diameter)/control colony diameter ] × 100%.
As a result: as shown in Table 1, the inhibition rates of the fermentation liquid of the strain BJM-11 on the stem rot of ginger and the fusarium oxysporum of banana were 81.99% and 73.18%, respectively.
TABLE 1 bacteriostatic Activity of the Strain BJM-11 on indicator bacteria
Figure BDA0002037945290000051
Seventhly, the ginger endogenous trichoderma viride BJM-11 disclosed by the invention is used for preventing and treating ginger stem rot pot culture tests:
1. preparation of biocontrol microbial inoculum and pathogen inoculum
Preparation of spore suspension of strain BJM-11: inoculating BJM-11 strain on PDA plate, culturing at 28 deg.C for 5 days, washing the surface of the plate with sterile water to obtain spore suspension, determining the concentration of the spore by blood cell counting method, and adjusting the concentration of the spore to 107spores/mL for use.
Preparing ginger stem rot pathogenic bacteria: inoculating the ginger stalk rot fungus group pythium procumbens on a PDA (personal digital Assistant) plate, culturing for 5d, and then using a puncher to punch fungus blocks for later use.
2. Test design and method
TABLE 2 bacterial strain BJM-11 potted plant test design for preventing and treating ginger stalk rot and different treatments
Figure BDA0002037945290000052
Firstly, mixing soil, sand and a substrate in a weight ratio of 1: 1: 1, uniformly mixing, sterilizing at 120 ℃ for 2 hours, and subpackaging into flowerpots; then according to the different treatments, evenly mixing the prepared strain BJM-11 spore suspension with 1000ml of water according to 10ml per pot, and filling the mixture into soil; after three days, planting disease-free ginger seedlings, and treating 4 pots each time, wherein 3 plants are planted in each pot; after 7 days of growth, a piece of ginger stem rot germ block is inoculated at the stem base of each ginger seedling.
And after 7 days of inoculation, irrigating roots again by using the strain BJM-11 spore suspension with the same concentration, observing and measuring the disease level of each treatment after 25 days, calculating the disease index and the disease prevention effect according to the disease grading standard, and treating with clear water as a Control (CK). The disease index is counted according to the stem base and the disease condition of the whole plant according to the following grading standard, and the prevention and treatment effect is calculated.
Level 0: no symptoms;
level 1: only the base of the stem or the root generates water stain-like disease spots;
and 2, stage: the disease spots at the base of the stem expand and spread to surround the stem for one week, and less than one third of the whole plant shows systemic symptoms (withering, death, wilting and the like);
and 3, level: less than two thirds of the whole plant presents with systemic symptoms;
4, level: more than two thirds of the whole plant shows systemic symptoms, and dead plants are calculated according to grade 4.
Figure BDA0002037945290000061
Figure BDA0002037945290000062
3. Test results
As shown in Table 3, the morbidity and disease index of the treatment of the strain BJM-11 are obviously lower than those of the control, and the control effect reaches 67.44 percent; as shown in fig. 6, CK group was all ill, leaf withered and yellow and more than half had died; most of the potted plants treated by the strain BJM-11 are normal, and the phenomenon of yellow leaf and dead leaves is rarely generated.
Test for controlling ginger stem rot by using epiphyte 3 strain BJM-11 potted plant
Figure BDA0002037945290000063
(VIII) the ginger endogenous trichoderma viride BJM-11 of the invention is used for preventing and treating ginger stem rot field tests:
1. a spore suspension of the same concentration of the strain BJM-11 was prepared by the method of (seventh) step 1.
2. Test method
The field test plots are arranged in a base built in Guangxi agricultural science institute in Wuming county, south-West Guangxi. The land is a natural disease land and is planted with ginger in successive years. The test design is a random block design, 2 treatments are set, namely trichoderma viride BJM-11 treatment and non-treatment blank control CK, each treatment is repeated for 4 times, 8 cells are used, the width of each cell is 2.5m, the length of each cell is 8m, the row spacing is 35cm, the plant spacing is 25cm, the cultivation conditions (soil type, fertilization, sowing period, growth stage, plant row spacing and the like) of all test cells are uniform and consistent, and the field is managed conventionally. And B JM-11 treatment: before ginger is planted, the prepared bacterial strain BJM-11 spore suspension is subjected to furrow application by adding water 1000 times according to 10L/mu, and the bacterial strain BJM-11 spore suspension is applied once again according to the same dosage after seedling emergence for twice.
3. And (3) counting the disease index of the stem rot of the ginger according to the method in the step (VII) 2 in the ginger harvesting period, calculating the prevention and treatment effect, investigating the growth index and the yield of the ginger, and calculating the yield increase effect.
Figure BDA0002037945290000071
4. And (3) test results: as shown in Table 4, the field test investigation result shows that the control effect of the BJM-11 treatment on the stem rot of the ginger reaches 76.37 percent compared with the control; as shown in FIG. 7, after being treated by BJM-11, the plants are flourishing in growth and emerald green in branches and leaves, while the CK group has more withered and yellow branches and leaves due to diseases; as shown in Table 4, the average number of branches and plant height of each ginger plant treated by the BJM-11 are higher than those of the control, and the yield is increased by 33.72% compared with the control, and tests prove that the ginger blocks produced by the BJM-11 are more and larger, while the ginger blocks in the CK group are relatively less and smaller.
Test for preventing and treating ginger stem rot and influencing ginger yield in field by using strain BJM-11 shown in Table 4
Figure BDA0002037945290000072
Although the present invention has been described with respect to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Figure BDA0002037945290000081
Sequence listing
<110> institute of microbiology of Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region academy of agricultural sciences
<120> ginger endogenetic trichoderma viride and application thereof
<160> 1
<170> SIPOSequenceListing 1.0
<210> 1
<211> 592
<212> DNA
<213> Trichoderma viride (Trichoderma viride)
<400> 1
ggggatttcc ggagtttcac tgcaaaccca atgtgaacgt taccaaactg ttgcctcggc 60
gggatctctg ccccgggtgc gtcgcagccc cggaccaagg cgcccgccgg aggaccaacc 120
aaaactctta ttgtataccc cctcgcgggt ttttttacta tctgagccat ctcggcgccc 180
ctcgtgggcg tttcgaaaat gaatcaaaac tttcaacaac ggatctcttg gttctggcat 240
cgatgaagaa cgcagcgaaa tgcgataagt aatgtgaatt gcagaattca gtgaatcatc 300
gaatctttga acgcacattg cgcccgccag tattctggcg ggcatgcctg tccgagcgtc 360
atttcaaccc tcgaacccct ccggggggtc ggcgttgggg atcggccctt tacggggccg 420
gccccgaaat acagtggcgg tctcgccgca gcctctcctg cgcagtagtt tgcacactcg 480
catcgggagc gcggcgcgtc cacagccgtt aaacacccca aacttctgaa atgttgacct 540
cggatcaggt aggaataccc gctgaactta agcatatcaa taagcggagg aa 592

Claims (6)

1. A ginger endogenous trichoderma viride is characterized in that: is named as Trichoderma viride (Trichoderma viride) BJM-11, and is preserved in the common microorganism center of China Committee for culture Collection of microorganisms, the preservation address is No. 3 of Xilu No.1 of Beijing, Chaoyang, the preservation date is 3 and 21 days in 2019, and the preservation number is CGMCC No. 17196.
2. The use of the ginger endogenous trichoderma viride of claim 1, wherein: the strain BJM-11 is applied to the prevention and treatment of ginger stem rot and banana wilt.
3. The use of the ginger endogenetic trichoderma viride as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the strain BJM-11 is used for preparing a spore suspension for preventing and treating ginger stem rot or banana vascular wilt.
4. The use of the ginger endogenous trichoderma viride of claim 3, wherein: the preparation method of the spore suspension comprises the following steps: the strain BJM-11 was inoculated on a PDA plate, cultured at 28 ℃ for 5 days, and the surface of the plate was washed with sterile water to obtain a spore suspension of the strain BJM-11.
5. The use of the ginger trichoderma viride as claimed in claim 3 or 4, wherein: the strain BJM-11 spore suspension is diluted and then is used for preventing and treating ginger stem rot or banana wilt in a furrow application or root irrigation mode.
6. The use of the ginger endogenous trichoderma viride of claim 5, wherein: the bacterial liquid concentration of the bacterial strain BJM-11 spore suspension is determined by a blood counting method, and the spore concentration is adjusted to 107spore/mL; before ginger is planted, furrow application is carried out on the strain BJM-11 spore suspension liquid with the adjusted concentration according to the proportion of 10L/mu mixed with water 1000 times, and the strain BJM-11 spore suspension liquid is applied once again according to the same dosage after seedling emergence for twice in total; can be used for preventing and treating stem rot of rhizoma Zingiberis recens.
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CN111139186B (en) * 2019-12-28 2022-07-15 河南省农业科学院植物保护研究所 Trichoderma viride with disease prevention and growth promotion functions and application thereof
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