CN109971452B - Low-temperature activator and low-temperature fracturing fluid system - Google Patents
Low-temperature activator and low-temperature fracturing fluid system Download PDFInfo
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- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/62—Compositions for forming crevices or fractures
- C09K8/66—Compositions based on water or polar solvents
- C09K8/68—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds
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- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/62—Compositions for forming crevices or fractures
- C09K8/66—Compositions based on water or polar solvents
- C09K8/68—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds
- C09K8/685—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds containing cross-linking agents
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- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
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- C09K8/86—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds
- C09K8/88—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds macromolecular compounds
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low-temperature activator and a low-temperature fracturing fluid system. The low-temperature fracturing fluid consists of a low-temperature activating agent, hydroxypropyl guar gum (first-grade), an organic boron crosslinking agent, a clay stabilizer, a cleanup additive and a gel breaker. In the low-temperature fracturing fluid, in the low-temperature reservoir fracturing transformation at 5-52 ℃, the gel breaking time of the low-temperature fracturing fluid can be controlled within the range of 2-12 h by adjusting the addition of the low-temperature activating agent, the viscosity of a gel breaking liquid is reduced, the apparent viscosity is less than or equal to 5mPa & s, and the residue content is less than or equal to 200 mg/L.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a low-temperature activator and a low-temperature fracturing fluid system, and belongs to the field of yield increase transformation of oil fields.
Background
In recent years, most of onshore and offshore exploration reservoirs in China are low (ultra-low and ultra-low) permeability oil and gas reservoirs, wherein the reservoirs comprise a considerable amount of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs such as coal bed gas, dense oil/gas, shale oil/gas, natural gas hydrate and the like. A considerable part of unconventional reservoirs have the characteristics of shallow burial, low reservoir temperature and the like. For example, the depth of the coal bed gas is generally 800 m-1000 m, and the temperature of the reservoir is 20-25 ℃; the lake region blocks of Tuhaan three ponds generally have the well depth of about 1500-1700 meters, the well temperature is only 40-55 ℃, and the lake region blocks belong to low-temperature low-pore low-permeability reservoirs; the natural gas hydrate is buried shallowly and is usually located in a shallow sea layer with the depth of water of 0-500 m below the sea bottom with the depth of more than 300m and 200-2000 m below the earth surface of a permafrost region, and the reservoir temperature is lower and is generally 5-15 ℃.
A certain amount of oxidants such as persulfate and the like are generally added into a fracturing fluid system to serve as a gel breaker, the gel breaker is widely applied to water-based fracturing fluids, oxidizing free radicals are generated through thermal decomposition, the free radicals act with glycoside bonds in vegetable gum to oxidize and break the glycoside bonds, and therefore the purpose of breaking gel of the fracturing fluid is achieved. For persulfate systems, gel breaking rate is dependent on the decomposition rate, which in turn is dependent on the temperature. Generally, when the reservoir temperature is higher than 52 ℃, the decomposition rate of persulfate of the gel breaker is higher, the half-life period is shorter, and gel breaking can be achieved at a specified time by adjusting the adding concentration. However, under the condition of a low-temperature (5-52 ℃) reservoir, the gel breaker has extremely low decomposition rate, and the fracturing fluid is difficult to break gel or difficult to break gel, so that the gel breaker is not beneficial to back drainage after fracturing, and the problems of reservoir damage, permeability reduction and the like are easily caused.
Patent CN103484092A shows a low temperature fracturing fluid system, but is only suitable for fracturing reformation of crude oil reservoirs with the temperature of 15-35 ℃. Patent CN108587593A discloses a low-temperature activator prepared by mixing one or more of hydrochloric acid, citric acid, acetic acid and gluconic acid, and invents a slickwater fracturing fluid system for a low-temperature reservoir by using an acrylamide polymer as a thickening agent. The two low-temperature fracturing fluid systems or the low-temperature activating agents cannot meet the requirement of low-temperature reservoir transformation at the temperature of 5-52 ℃.
Therefore, in the field of fracturing yield-increasing transformation of low-temperature reservoirs, a low-temperature activating agent and a low-temperature fracturing fluid system are urgently needed, are suitable for measure transformation of low-temperature reservoirs of 5-52 ℃, and have the characteristics of controllable gel breaking time, low viscosity of gel breaking liquid, low residue content and small reservoir damage.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a low-temperature activating agent for increasing the yield of a low-temperature reservoir and a low-temperature fracturing fluid system consisting of the low-temperature activating agent, and overcomes the defects and problems that the conventional fracturing fluid system cannot break gel or has long gel breaking time, incomplete gel breaking and high residue content in the low-temperature reservoir. The low-temperature fracturing liquid system has the advantages of controllable gel breaking time, thorough gel breaking, low viscosity of gel breaking liquid, low residue content and small damage to a reservoir stratum.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the low-temperature fracturing fluid, and application of the low-temperature activator and the low-temperature fracturing fluid in low-temperature reservoir transformation.
The invention provides a low-temperature activator, which comprises the following components: polyamine compounds, small organic molecular amines and water. The small-molecular organic amine has small molecular weight and strong permeability, and is easy to diffuse into the fracturing fluid gel quickly, so that the decomposition of the gel breaker is promoted, and the fracturing fluid is broken; the polyamine compound is of a branched polymer structure, although the molecular weight is high, the molecular chain contains a plurality of tertiary amine groups, and gel breaking of the fracturing fluid can be accelerated. The micromolecule organic amine makes up the defect of slow molecular diffusion of the polyamine compound, the polymeric compound makes up the defect of few effective functional groups of the micromolecule organic amine, and the two compounds play a good synergistic effect.
Preferably, the polyamine compound is a branched polyamine structure having a tertiary amine structure represented by the formula (I),
wherein R is H, CH2CH2NH2Or CH2CH2N(CH2CH2NH2)2(ii) a n is an integer selected from 28 to 49.
Preferably, the small molecular organic amine is one or more of triethanolamine, ethylenediamine and urea.
Preferably, the low-temperature activator is prepared by compounding 4-16 parts of polyamine compound, 21-39 parts of micromolecule organic amine and 30-45 parts of water in parts by weight.
Further preferably, the small-molecular organic amine is composed of 7-13 parts by weight of ethylenediamine, 9-15 parts by weight of triethanolamine and 5-11 parts by weight of urea.
Under the condition of low temperature, the low-temperature activator can promote the gel breaker to be decomposed into oxidizing free radicals, and the oxidizing free radicals react with glycosidic bonds in hydroxypropyl guar gum to oxidize and break the glycosidic bonds. Therefore, if the polyamine compound and the small-molecular organic amine are added too much, the decomposition rate of the gel breaker is too fast, the gel breaking time is too short, the fracturing fluid with good sand carrying performance is difficult to form, and the construction risk is easily caused. If the addition amount of the polyamine compound and the small-molecular organic amine is too low, the decomposition rate of the gel breaker is too low, the low-temperature fracturing fluid is difficult to break, or the residual gel content is higher, the reservoir is blocked, and the permeability is reduced.
Preferably, the low-temperature activating agent is applied at a temperature ranging from 5 ℃ to 52 ℃ and can promote the rapid gel breaking of the low-temperature fracturing liquid system within the temperature range from 5 ℃ to 52 ℃.
The invention provides a low-temperature fracturing fluid, which comprises the following components in parts by weight:
the low-temperature activator comprises: 0.2-1.0 part;
hydroxypropyl guar gum: 0.10-0.30 part;
organic boron crosslinking agent: 0.10-0.30 part;
clay stabilizer: 0.5-1.5 parts;
a cleanup additive: 0.6-1.5 parts;
a gel breaker: 0.01-0.08 part;
water: 100 parts.
The third aspect of the invention provides a preparation method of the low-temperature fracturing fluid, which comprises the following steps:
and S1, adding the hydroxypropyl guar gum into the water under the stirring condition, and continuously stirring to obtain a first mixed solution. Wherein the addition amount of the hydroxypropyl guar gum is 0.10-0.30% of the water;
and S2, after the first mixed solution is stirred, sequentially adding the clay stabilizer, the cleanup additive and the low-temperature activator into the first mixed solution to obtain a second mixed solution. Wherein the addition amount of the clay stabilizer is 0.5-1.5% of the fresh water, the addition amount of the cleanup additive is 0.6-1.5% of the water, and the addition amount of the low-temperature activator is 0.2-1.0% of the fresh water;
and S3, adding the gel breaker into the second mixed solution after the second mixed solution is stirred to obtain a third mixed solution. Wherein the addition amount of the gel breaker is that of the fresh water
0.01％～0.08％；
And S4, adding the organic boron crosslinking agent into the third mixed solution in the process of fully stirring the third mixed solution to obtain a fourth mixed solution, wherein the addition amount of the organic boron crosslinking agent is 0.10-0.03% of the fresh water. And stirring the fourth mixed solution for enough time to form cross-linked gel, namely the low-temperature fracturing fluid.
Preferably, in step S1, the hydroxypropyl guar gum is selected as the first-order hydroxypropyl guar gum, and the first mixed solution is obtained by continuously stirring for 10min or more.
The fourth aspect of the invention provides an application of the low-temperature fracturing fluid in reservoir stimulation modification.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the low-temperature fracturing fluid system provided by the invention is suitable for low-temperature reservoir fracturing transformation at 5-52 ℃, and the gel breaking time of the low-temperature fracturing fluid can be controlled within the range of 2-12 h by adjusting the addition of the low-temperature activating agent in the reservoir fracturing transformation, the viscosity of the gel breaking fluid is reduced, the apparent viscosity is less than or equal to 5mPa & s, and the residue content is less than or equal to
200mg/L。
The low-temperature fracturing fluid provided by the invention is simple in preparation process, free of special equipment, easy for large-scale production and good in application prospect.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following specific examples.
The embodiments of the application provide a low-temperature activator formula, a low-temperature fracturing fluid system and a preparation method thereof, and the low-temperature fracturing fluid system has the advantages of controllable gel breaking time, thorough gel breaking, low viscosity of the gel breaking fluid, low residue content and small reservoir damage.
To achieve the above object, the general idea of several embodiments of the present application is as follows:
the embodiment of the application provides a low-temperature activator, which comprises 4-16 parts of polyamine compound, 21-39 parts of micromolecule organic amine and 30-45 parts of water in parts by weight. Wherein the micromolecular organic amine is composed of 7-13 parts of ethylenediamine, 9-15 parts of triethanolamine and 5-11 parts of urea.
The embodiment of the application also provides a composition and a proportion of the low-temperature fracturing fluid, and the composition and the proportion of the low-temperature fracturing fluid are as follows according to parts by weight:
the low-temperature activator comprises: 0.2-1.0 part;
hydroxypropyl guar (first order): 0.10-0.30 part;
organic boron crosslinking agent: 0.10-0.30 part;
clay stabilizer: 0.5-1.5 parts;
a cleanup additive: 0.6-1.5 parts;
a gel breaker: 0.01-0.08 part;
clear water: 100 parts.
The embodiment of the application further provides a preparation method of the low-temperature fracturing fluid, the addition amount of each component is determined according to the ratio of the low-temperature fracturing fluid, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
and S1, adding the primary hydroxypropyl guar gum into the water under the stirring condition, and continuously stirring for 10 minutes to obtain a first mixed solution.
And S2, after the first mixed solution is stirred, sequentially adding the clay stabilizer, the cleanup additive and the low-temperature activator into the first mixed solution to obtain a second mixed solution.
And S3, adding the gel breaker into the second mixed solution after the second mixed solution is stirred to obtain a third mixed solution.
And S4, adding the organic boron crosslinking agent into the third mixed solution in the process of fully stirring the third mixed solution to obtain a fourth mixed solution. And stirring the fourth mixed solution for enough time until the fourth mixed solution forms cross-linked gel, namely the low-temperature fracturing fluid. The preparation method of the low-temperature fracturing fluid in the several embodiments of the invention is consistent with the above process, and the difference is only that the component proportion of each embodiment is different, so that only the component proportion is emphasized in each embodiment, and the preparation method is not described again.
In order to better understand the technical solutions, the technical solutions of the present application are described in detail by the following specific examples, and it should be understood that the specific features in the examples and the examples of the present application are detailed descriptions of the technical solutions of the present application, and are not limitations of the technical solutions of the present application.
Throughout the specification, unless otherwise specifically noted, terms used herein should be understood as having meanings as commonly used in the art. Accordingly, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. If there is a conflict, the present specification will control.
The various raw materials, reagents, instruments, equipment and the like used in the examples of the present invention may be commercially available or may be prepared by existing methods.
Specifically, the reagents or raw materials used in the examples of the present invention are shown in table 1 below, but the present invention is not dependent on the reagents produced by the manufacturers described in table 1, and the same technical effects can be achieved by using the same reagents produced by other manufacturers.
TABLE 1 reagents or starting materials used in the examples of the invention
| Reagents or starting materials | Manufacturer of the product |
| Polyamine compounds | SHANGHAI MACKLIN BIOCHEMICAL Co.,Ltd. |
| Triethanolamine | Jiangtian chemical technology Limited of Tianjin |
| Ethylene diamine | Jiangtian chemical technology Limited of Tianjin |
| Urea | Jiangtian chemical technology Limited of Tianjin |
| Hydroxypropyl guar gum (first class) | China petrochemical Kunshan Co., Ltd |
| Organic boron crosslinking agent | CNPC ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY R&D Co.,Ltd. |
| Clay stabilizer | CNPC ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY R&D Co.,Ltd. |
| Discharge aiding agent | CNPC ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY R&D Co.,Ltd. |
| Gel breaker | Jiangtian chemical technology Limited of Tianjin |
Note: in the polyamine compound, the compound with the R group being H accounts for about 10 to 18 percent by weight; the R group is CH2CH2NH2The compound(s) is (are) about 45-60%, and the R group is CH2CH2N(CH2CH2NH2)2The amount of the compound (c) is about 15% to 30%.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a low-temperature activator and a low-temperature fracturing fluid.
A low-temperature activator is prepared by compounding 8 parts of polyamine compound, 25 parts of micromolecule organic amine and 35 parts of water in parts by weight, wherein the 25 parts of micromolecule organic amine is composed of 8 parts of ethylenediamine, 10 parts of triethanolamine and 7 parts of urea.
The low-temperature fracturing fluid is prepared according to the preparation method of the low-temperature fracturing fluid, wherein the low-temperature fracturing fluid comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1.0 part of low-temperature activating agent by weight; 0.25 part of hydroxypropyl guar gum (first grade); 0.25 part of organic boron crosslinking agent; 1.2 parts of a clay stabilizer; 1.2 parts of a discharge assistant agent; 0.08 part of gel breaker; 100 parts of clear water.
The prepared low-temperature fracturing fluid is respectively placed in constant-temperature equipment at 5 ℃, 20 ℃ and 35 ℃, standing and observation are carried out, gel breaking time and gel breaking fluid viscosity are recorded, residue content is measured and calculated, and the results are shown in table 2.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a low-temperature activator and a low-temperature fracturing fluid.
A low-temperature activator is prepared by compounding 12 parts of polyamine compound, 37 parts of micromolecule organic amine and 44 parts of water in parts by weight, wherein the 37 parts of micromolecule organic amine is composed of 13 parts of ethylenediamine, 14 parts of triethanolamine and 10 parts of urea.
The low-temperature fracturing fluid is prepared according to the preparation method of the low-temperature fracturing fluid, wherein the low-temperature fracturing fluid comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.5 part of low-temperature activator in parts by weight; 0.15 part of hydroxypropyl guar gum (first grade); 0.20 part of organic boron crosslinking agent; 0.8 part of clay stabilizer; 0.8 part of a discharge assistant agent; 0.03 part of gel breaker; 100 parts of clear water.
The prepared low-temperature fracturing fluid is respectively placed in constant-temperature equipment at 10 ℃, 25 ℃ and 45 ℃, standing and observation are carried out, gel breaking time and viscosity of the gel breaking fluid are recorded, residue content is measured and calculated, and the results are shown in table 2.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a low-temperature activator and a low-temperature fracturing fluid.
A low-temperature activator is prepared by compounding 15 parts of polyamine compound, 29 parts of micromolecule organic amine and 35 parts of water in parts by weight, wherein the 29 parts of micromolecule organic amine is composed of 10 parts of ethylenediamine, 11 parts of triethanolamine and 8 parts of urea.
The low-temperature fracturing fluid is prepared according to the preparation method of the low-temperature fracturing fluid, wherein the low-temperature fracturing fluid comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.8 part of low-temperature activator in parts by weight; 0.20 part of hydroxypropyl guar gum (first grade); 0.25 part of organic boron crosslinking agent; 1.0 part of clay stabilizer; 1.0 part of a discharge assistant agent; 0.05 part of a gel breaker; 100 parts of clear water.
The prepared low-temperature fracturing fluid is respectively placed in constant-temperature equipment at 15 ℃, 30 ℃ and 50 ℃, standing and observation are carried out, gel breaking time and gel breaking fluid viscosity are recorded, residue content is measured and calculated, and the results are shown in table 2.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example prepared a low temperature fracturing fluid as in example 1 except that 0.15 parts of the low temperature activator was substituted for 1.0 parts of the low temperature activator and the balance of the ingredients was in the same proportions as in example 1. The prepared low-temperature fracturing fluid is subjected to performance test under the same condition, the temperature of the tested constant-temperature equipment is kept unchanged, and the test result is shown in table 2.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example prepared a low temperature fracturing fluid as in example 2, except that 1.2 parts of the low temperature activator was substituted for 1.0 part of the low temperature activator, and the balance of the ingredients was in the same proportions as in example 2. The prepared low-temperature fracturing fluid is subjected to performance test under the same condition, the temperature of the tested constant-temperature equipment is kept unchanged, and the test result is shown in table 2.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example was compounded with a low temperature activator and prepared a low temperature fracturing fluid according to the method in example 3, except that 0.40 part of hydroxypropyl guar (first order) was substituted for 0.20 part of hydroxypropyl guar (first order). The prepared low-temperature fracturing fluid is subjected to performance test under the same condition, the temperature of the tested constant-temperature equipment is kept unchanged, and the test result is shown in table 2.
The chemical indexes of the products prepared in the above examples and comparative examples were measured for their properties as shown in table 2 below:
TABLE 2 comparison of gel breaking Performance of Low temperature fracturing fluids
Note: "/" indicates that the low temperature fracturing fluid did not break beyond 48 h.
As can be seen from the comparison of example 1, the gel breaking time of the low-temperature fracturing fluid prepared by the method can be controlled within 2-12 h, the viscosity of the gel breaking liquid is less than or equal to 5mPa & s, and the residue content of the low-temperature fracturing fluid is less than 200 mg/L. In contrast, in comparative example 1, after the addition of the low-temperature activator is reduced, the low-temperature fracturing fluid still cannot break gel for 48 hours, and the requirements of site construction cannot be met. Therefore, when the low-temperature activator is added in the embodiment 1 and the comparative example 1, the gel breaking time can be effectively shortened, the viscosity of the gel breaking liquid can be reduced, and the residue content can be reduced.
Comparing example 2 with comparative example 2, it can be seen that the gel breaking time of the low-temperature fracturing fluid is obviously shortened after the addition of the low-temperature activating agent is increased. Although the gel breaking time is shortened and the viscosity of the gel breaking liquid is reduced, the gel breaking time is too short, which is not beneficial to improving the sand adding concentration during site construction and is easy to cause construction risks such as sand blockage.
Comparing example 3 with comparative example 3, it can be seen that although the amount of the low temperature activator added is not changed, the amount of the hydroxypropyl guar is increased, and the concentration of the low temperature activator or the gel breaker is not enough to completely break the hydroxypropyl guar after the increase of the amount.
The low-temperature fracturing fluid can be used for the yield-increasing transformation of a low-temperature reservoir and has the advantages of controllable gel breaking time, thorough gel breaking, low viscosity of the gel breaking fluid, low residue content and small reservoir damage.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (9)
1. A low-temperature activating agent for low-temperature fracturing fluid is characterized in that: the components of the low-temperature activator comprise: polyamine compounds, small organic molecular amines and water;
the polyamine compound has a branched polyamine structure of a tertiary amine structure as shown in formula (I),
wherein R is H, CH2CH2NH2Or CH2CH2N(CH2CH2NH2) 2；
n is an integer selected from 28 to 49.
2. A low temperature activator for low temperature fracturing fluids as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the small molecular organic amine is one or more of triethanolamine, ethylenediamine or urea.
3. A low temperature activator for low temperature fracturing fluids as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the low-temperature activator is prepared by compounding 4-16 parts of polyamine compound, 21-39 parts of micromolecule organic amine and 30-45 parts of water in parts by weight.
4. A low temperature activator for low temperature fracturing fluids as claimed in claim 3 wherein: the micromolecule organic amine is composed of 7-13 parts of ethylenediamine, 9-15 parts of triethanolamine and 5-11 parts of urea in parts by weight.
5. A low temperature activator for low temperature fracturing fluids as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the applicable temperature range of the low-temperature activating agent is 5-52 ℃.
6. A low-temperature fracturing fluid is characterized in that: the low-temperature fracturing fluid comprises the following components in percentage by weight: based on the weight portion, the weight portion of the material is,
the low temperature activator of any one of claims 1 to 5: 0.2-1.0 part;
hydroxypropyl guar gum: 0.10-0.30 part;
organic boron crosslinking agent: 0.10-0.30 part;
clay stabilizer: 0.5-1.5 parts;
a cleanup additive: 0.6-1.5 parts;
a gel breaker: 0.01-0.08 part;
water: 100 parts.
7. The method for preparing the low-temperature fracturing fluid of claim 6, comprising the steps of:
s1, adding the hydroxypropyl guar gum into the water under the stirring condition, and continuously stirring to obtain a first mixed solution;
s2, sequentially adding the clay stabilizer, the cleanup additive and the low-temperature activator into the first mixed solution to obtain a second mixed solution;
s3, adding the gel breaker into the second mixed solution to obtain a third mixed solution;
and S4, adding the organic boron crosslinking agent into the third mixed solution to obtain a fourth mixed solution, and stirring until crosslinked gel is formed, namely the low-temperature fracturing fluid.
8. The method of preparing a low temperature fracturing fluid of claim 7, wherein: in step S1, the hydroxypropyl guar gum is selected as first-grade hydroxypropyl guar gum, and the stirring time is more than or equal to 10 min.
9. The use of the low temperature fracturing fluid of claim 6 in stimulation of a reservoir.
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| CN112322273A (en) * | 2020-10-15 | 2021-02-05 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | Fracturing fluid for seabed natural gas hydrate mineral deposit |
| CN112745822A (en) * | 2021-02-03 | 2021-05-04 | 成都劳恩普斯科技有限公司 | Efficient low-temperature gel breaker for polymer fracturing fluid and preparation method of efficient low-temperature gel breaker |
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