CN109971074A - 一种多层共挤出复合型中空玻璃暖边间隔条及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种多层共挤出复合型中空玻璃暖边间隔条及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种多层共挤出复合型中空玻璃暖边间隔条及其制备方法。所述暖边间隔条是通过熔融塑化和多层共挤出成型工艺制备的三层结构产品。所述暖边间隔条的原料按重量份包括如下组分:改性聚丙烯:85~95份;热熔胶:2~5份;高阻隔材料:3~10份。本发明的暖边间隔条由高分子材料复合而成,不含有任何金属材料,具有低导热系数和优异的力学性能。包覆的高阻隔层降低了水和气体的渗透率,延长了中空玻璃的使用寿命,且本发明原材料易获取,挤出工艺成熟,生产效率高,降低暖边间隔条的生产成本。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中空玻璃暖边间隔条生产技术领域,具体涉及一种多层共挤出复合型中空玻璃暖边间隔条及其制备方法。
背景技术
中国正处于产业转型升级的重要时刻,节能减排倒逼技术革新是关键之举,整个社会都在积极倡导节能减排。建筑行业的节能行动是生产生活中重要的部分,因为建筑能耗约占城市总能耗的30%,而门窗能耗更是占建筑能耗的50%。其中,中空玻璃门窗的边缘通过间隔条进行热传导,造成热量损失,是门窗能耗量中不容忽视的部分。所以,将热传导性能低的间隔条应用于中空玻璃门窗是促进建筑物节能的一项重要措施。
目前,市面上的间隔条主要有冷边间隔条和暖边间隔条,冷边间隔条以铝条为代表,导热系数高、热量损失大。暖边间隔条则采用导热系数小的材料制备,大大提高了中空玻璃边缘的隔热保温性能,有效防止结露。目前,市面上的暖边间隔条主要有不锈钢间隔条、不锈钢和塑料复合间隔条、玻纤增强材料贴复合膜间隔条。
商品化的暖边间隔条价格昂贵,隔热性能优于普遍使用的冷边间隔条,但是在生产和应用过程中,存在以下问题:
(1)不锈钢与塑料复合间隔条可以使用折弯机连续折弯,但是不锈钢材料仍会造成较多的热量损失。例如,市售的采用不锈钢与高强度聚丙烯材料复合的暖边间隔条,其导热系数仍旧较高,未能完全脱离金属材料;
(2)玻纤增强材料贴复合膜间隔条,虽然导热系数低、阻隔性优异,但是其生产工艺和设备复杂,且贴膜工艺严重影响生产效率;
例如,市售的采用增强尼龙和铝箔复合的暖边间隔条,因为尼龙材料价格高且贴膜工艺复杂,使得间隔条价格高昂,产品普及性不强。
已有的专利技术,多为对于金属型材和塑料型材复合结构或工艺的改良。发明专利CN105089449A提出,通过设计不锈钢型材与改性聚丙烯型材,再设计成对开口相扣形式,最后完成粘结复合成型。该设计方案减少了间隔条顶端的塑料支撑面,使得导热系数更低,同时兼顾了可折弯性能。但是该发明未能完全脱离金属材料,且存在型材结构设计及复合工艺复杂等问题。
还有发明专利能完全脱离了金属型材,注重于高分子复合材料暖边间隔条的开发。发明专利CN103867077A提出,将含有分子筛的乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)发泡材料作为支撑基体材料和聚异丁烯改性的乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物(EVOH)作为阻隔材料,通过挤出成型工艺获得双层结构的暖边间隔条。该暖边间隔条的导热系数低约为0.05~0.06W/mk,但是其拉伸强度仅为5~6MPa,断裂伸长率为200%~300%。在高载荷下,该暖边间隔条存在变形量大、支撑强度不足等问题,可能产生玻璃松动、气密性不佳等风险,且分子筛被聚合物包覆,会影响其对水汽的吸收效果。
发明专利CN106084628A提出,采用填充增强的聚酮POK为间隔条材料,通过挤出成型工艺获得POK型暖边间隔条。该材料力学性能优异,导热系数低约为0.25W/mk。但是聚酮材料产量较低、价格较高、进口依赖性大,用于生产暖边间隔条的成本高,不利于建材行业的推广普及。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是克服传统中空玻璃暖边间隔条的导热系数高、生产工艺复杂、价格高昂等的技术缺陷,提供一种多层共挤出复合型中空玻璃暖边间隔条及其制备方法。本发明复合型中空玻璃暖边间隔条成本低、生产便利、综合性能优良。
本发明解决上述技术问题所采用的技术方案如下:
一种多层共挤出复合型中空玻璃暖边间隔条,所述暖边间隔条的原料按重量份包括如下组分:
改性聚丙烯:85~95份;
热熔胶:2~5份;
高阻隔材料:3~10份。
优选地,所述改性聚丙烯为玻纤增强PP或玻纤/填充增强PP。
更优选地,所述改性聚丙烯的原料按重量份包括如下组分:
聚丙烯:48~84.5份;
玻璃纤维:15~25份;
无机填料:0~20份;
相容剂:0~5份;
其他助剂:0.5~2份。
上述技术方案中,所述无机填料的下限可为0,所述相容剂的下限不为0。
最优选地,当所述改性聚丙烯为玻纤增强PP时,所述改性聚丙烯的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将聚丙烯48~84.5份、相容剂0~5份、其他助剂0.5~2份在高速混合机中混合均匀;
(2)通过双螺杆挤出机挤出造粒,同时引入玻璃纤维15~25份;所述双螺杆挤出机第一段温度为180~240℃,第二段温度为200~230℃,第三段温度为180~220℃,机头温度为200~240℃。
当所述改性聚丙烯为玻纤/填充增强PP时,所述改性聚丙烯的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将聚丙烯48~84.5份、无机填料0~20份、相容剂0~5份、其他助剂0.5~2份在高速混合机中混合均匀;
(2)通过双螺杆挤出机挤出造粒,同时引入玻璃纤维15~25份;
所述双螺杆挤出机第一段温度为180~240℃,第二段温度为200~230℃,第三段温度为180~220℃,机头温度为200~240℃。
优选地,所述步骤(1)中,所述聚丙烯选自均聚PP、共聚PP,或者两者以不同比例混合。
优选地,所述步骤(1)中,所述无机填料为碳酸钙、滑石粉、高岭土、硫酸钡、玻璃微珠中的任意一种或几种。
优选地,所述步骤(1)中,所述相容剂为马来酸酐接枝PP或者甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯接枝PP。
优选地,所述步骤(1)中,所述其他助剂为硅烷偶联剂、润滑剂、抗老化剂中的任意一种或几种。
更优选地,所述抗老化剂为受阻酚抗氧剂、亚磷酸酯抗氧剂、苯并三唑类紫外线吸收剂、二苯甲酮类紫外线吸收剂中的任意一种或几种复配。
进一步优选地,所述抗老化剂为受阻酚抗氧剂1098、亚磷酸酯抗氧剂168、苯并三唑类紫外线吸收剂UV327、二苯甲酮类紫外线吸收剂UV531中的任意一种或几种复配。
更进一步优选地,所述抗老化剂为市售复配的UV2038或UV2097。
优选地,所述步骤(2)中,所述玻璃纤维为连续玻纤或者短切玻纤,纤维直径为10~14μm;所述连续玻纤由双螺杆挤出机进纤口喂入,所述短切玻纤由双螺杆挤出机侧喂料口加入。
优选地,所述热熔胶为马来酸酐接枝PE、聚酰胺PA、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)、乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物(EAA)、乙烯-丙烯酸乙酯共聚物(EEA)中的任意一种。
优选地,所述高阻隔材料为乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物(EVOH)、聚酮(POK)、聚偏氯乙烯(PVDC)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEN)中的任意一种。
一种多层共挤出复合型中空玻璃暖边间隔条的制备方法,包括如下步骤:按重量份将改性聚丙烯85~95份、热熔胶2~5份、高阻隔材料3~10份分别送入多层共挤出成型设备,所述改性聚丙烯在170~220℃,所述热熔胶在100~190℃,所述高阻隔材料在170~280℃下进行熔融塑化,按照设定的重量比同时从口模挤出,实现在线复合,简化生产流程,降低生产成本,得多层共挤出复合型中空玻璃暖边间隔条。
一种复合型中空玻璃暖边间隔条,所述复合型中空玻璃暖边间隔条包括上框体、以及与所述上框体连接的下框体;所述上框体的顶部设置有若干透气孔;所述上框体为单层的改性聚丙烯层,所述下框体为三层的复合层,从内到外分别为改性聚丙烯层、热熔胶层和高阻隔材料层。
进一步地,所述上框体的剖面为矩形,所述下框体的剖面为梯形。
进一步地,所述改性聚丙烯层的材料为改性聚丙烯。
更进一步地,所述改性聚丙烯为玻纤增强PP或玻纤/填充增强PP。
进一步地,所述热熔胶层的材料为热熔胶。
更进一步地,所述热熔胶为马来酸酐接枝PE、聚酰胺PA、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)、乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物(EAA)、乙烯-丙烯酸乙酯共聚物(EEA)中的任意一种。
进一步地,所述高阻隔材料层的材料为高阻隔材料。
更进一步地,所述高阻隔材料为乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物(EVOH)、聚酮(POK)、聚偏氯乙烯(PVDC)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEN)的任意一种。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
(1)本发明的暖边间隔条完全由高分子材料复合而成,不含有任何金属成分;
(2)本发明改性PP具有较高的力学性能,高分子复合材料能保证具有低导热系数,提高暖边间隔条的隔热性能;
(3)本发明采用高阻隔材料包裹在改性聚丙烯外部,大幅降低了水汽、空气和惰性气体的渗透率,延长了中空玻璃的使用寿命;
(4)本发明暖边间隔条的原材料容易获取,改性聚丙烯价格低廉,且多层共挤出成型工艺成熟,生产效率高,能大幅降低暖边间隔条的生产成本。
附图说明
图1为本发明复合型中空玻璃暖边间隔条的剖面图。
图中各个附图标记的对应的部件名称是:
1-上框体;2-下框体;3-透气孔;4-改性聚丙烯层;5-热熔胶层;6-高阻隔材料层。
具体实施方式
为了更好地理解本发明的内容,下面结合具体实施例和附图作进一步说明。应理解,这些实施例仅用于对本发明进一步说明,而不用于限制本发明的范围。此外应理解,在阅读了本发明所述的内容后,该领域的技术人员对本发明作出一些非本质的改动或调整,仍属于本发明的保护范围。
实施例1~8和对比例1~2中,无特殊说明,所使用材料及助剂都可以市场上购买获得。
聚丙烯:镇海炼化T30S、台塑宁波1120;
玻璃纤维:连续玻纤为ER14-2000-988A,短切玻纤为泰山玻纤T438;
滑石粉:浙江小石头能源科技有限公司,1250目;
相容剂:能之光,GPM200A;
润滑剂:市售的EBS,硬脂酸钙,TAS-2A;
偶联剂:市售的KH560;
抗老化剂:市售复配的UV2038;
马来酸酐接枝PE:五三科技,WSJ-504-2;
乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA):三井化学,P1405;
乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物(EVOH):日本可丽克,E105B;
聚酮树脂(POK):韩国晓星,M630A。
实施例1~8
本实施例中的玻纤增强PP、玻纤/填充增强PP按照如下步骤制备而成:
(1)按表1将除玻璃纤维以外的所有其他材料在高速混合机中混合均匀;
(2)然后通过双螺杆挤出机挤出造粒,同时引入玻璃纤维,连续玻纤由进纤口喂入,短切玻纤则由侧喂料口加入;所述双螺杆挤出机第一段温度为180~240℃,第二段温度为200~230℃,第三段温度为180~220℃,机头温度为200~240℃。
对比例1~2
对比例中的改性PP材料是按照如下步骤制备而成:
按表1将所有材料在高速混合机中混合均匀,然后通过双螺杆挤出机挤出造粒;所述双螺杆挤出机第一段温度为180~240℃,第二段温度为200~230℃,第三段温度为180~220℃,机头温度为200~240℃。
实施例1~8和对比例1~2中的改性PP材料的性能测试结果如表2所示。
表1本发明实施例1~8和对比例1~2中制得的改性聚丙烯的原料组成
表2本发明实施例1~8和对比例1~2中制得的改性聚丙烯的性能测试结果
实施例1~8和对比例1~2中的中空玻璃的暖边间隔条按照以下步骤制备而成:
将上述实施例1~8和对比例1~2中制备的改性PP,与热熔胶、高阻隔材料按表3所示分别送入双螺杆挤出机,将改性PP在170~220℃下,热熔胶在100~170℃下,高阻隔材料在190~230℃下熔融塑化后,按照设定的质量比同时从口模挤出,实现在线复合。
实施例1~8和对比例1~2中的暖边间隔条的性能测试结果如表4所示。
表3本发明实施例1~8和对比例1~2中制得的暖边间隔条的原料组成及性能测试结果
表4本发明实施例1~8和对比例1~2中制得的暖边间隔条的性能测试结果
本发明复合型中空玻璃暖边间隔条的结构如图1所示,所述复合型中空玻璃暖边间隔条包括上框体1、以及与所述上框体1连接的下框体2;所述上框体1的顶部设置有若干个透气孔3;所述上框体1为单层的改性聚丙烯层4,所述下框体2为三层的复合层,从内到外分别为改性聚丙烯层4、热熔胶层5和高阻隔材料层6。
进一步地,所述上框体1的剖面为矩形,所述下框体2的剖面为梯形。
进一步地,所述改性聚丙烯层4的材料为改性聚丙烯。
更进一步地,所述改性聚丙烯为玻纤增强PP或玻纤/填充增强PP。
进一步地,所述热熔胶层5的材料为热熔胶。
更进一步地,所述热熔胶为马来酸酐接枝PE、聚酰胺PA、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物EVA、乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物EAA、乙烯-丙烯酸乙酯共聚物EEA中的任意一种。
进一步地,所述高阻隔材料层6的材料为高阻隔材料。
更进一步地,所述高阻隔材料为乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物EVOH、聚酮POK、聚偏氯乙烯PVDC、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯PET、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯PEN的任意一种。
一种中空玻璃,包含如上所述的一种复合型中空玻璃暖边间隔条。
本发明复合型中空玻璃暖边间隔条的使用方法:
使用时在暖边间隔条的内腔填充干燥剂;之后将暖边间隔条置于两层玻璃之间,在间隔条两侧面与玻璃接触处填充第一道密封胶,在间隔条底部与两层玻璃之间填充第二道密封胶;惰性气体被密封在由两层玻璃、间隔条及密封胶围成的空腔内,惰性气体通过通气孔进入间隔条空腔中,被干燥剂干燥。
上述说明并非对本发明的限制,本发明也并不限于上述举例。本技术领域的普通技术人员在本发明的实质范围内,做出的变化、改型、添加或替换,也应属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种多层共挤出复合型中空玻璃暖边间隔条,其特征在于,所述暖边间隔条的原料按重量份包括如下组分:
改性聚丙烯:85~95份;
热熔胶:2~5份;
高阻隔材料:3~10份。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种多层共挤出复合型中空玻璃暖边间隔条,其特征在于,所述改性聚丙烯为玻纤增强PP或玻纤/填充增强PP;
a.当所述改性聚丙烯为玻纤增强PP时,所述改性聚丙烯的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将聚丙烯48~84.5份、相容剂0~5份、其他助剂0.5~2份在高速混合机中混合均匀;
(2)通过双螺杆挤出机挤出造粒,同时引入玻璃纤维15~25份;所述双螺杆挤出机第一段温度为180~240℃,第二段温度为200~230℃,第三段温度为180~220℃,机头温度为200~240℃;
b.当所述改性聚丙烯为玻纤/填充增强PP时,所述改性聚丙烯的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将聚丙烯48~84.5份、无机填料0~20份、相容剂0~5份、其他助剂0.5~2份在高速混合机中混合均匀;
(2)通过双螺杆挤出机挤出造粒,同时引入玻璃纤维15~25份;所述双螺杆挤出机第一段温度为180~240℃,第二段温度为200~230℃,第三段温度为180~220℃,机头温度为200~240℃。
3.如权利要求2所述的一种多层共挤出复合型中空玻璃暖边间隔条,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中,所述聚丙烯选自均聚PP、共聚PP,或者两者以不同比例混合。
4.如权利要求2所述的一种多层共挤出复合型中空玻璃暖边间隔条,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中,所述无机填料为碳酸钙、滑石粉、高岭土、硫酸钡、玻璃微珠中的任意一种或几种。
5.如权利要求2所述的一种多层共挤出复合型中空玻璃暖边间隔条,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中,所述相容剂为马来酸酐接枝PP或者甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯接枝PP。
6.如权利要求2所述的一种多层共挤出复合型中空玻璃暖边间隔条,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中,所述其他助剂为硅烷偶联剂、润滑剂、抗老化剂中的任意一种或几种。
7.如权利要求2所述的一种多层共挤出复合型中空玻璃暖边间隔条,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中,所述玻璃纤维为连续玻纤或者短切玻纤,纤维直径为10~14μm;所述连续玻纤由双螺杆挤出机进纤口喂入,所述短切玻纤由双螺杆挤出机侧喂料口加入。
8.如权利要求1所述的一种多层共挤出复合型中空玻璃暖边间隔条,其特征在于,所述热熔胶为马来酸酐接枝PE、聚酰胺PA、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物、乙烯-丙烯酸乙酯共聚物中的任意一种。
9.如权利要求1所述的一种多层共挤出复合型中空玻璃暖边间隔条,其特征在于,所述高阻隔材料为乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物、聚酮、聚偏氯乙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯中的任意一种。
10.一种多层共挤出复合型中空玻璃暖边间隔条的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:按重量份将改性聚丙烯85~95份、热熔胶2~5份、高阻隔材料3~10份分别送入多层共挤出成型设备,所述改性聚丙烯在170~220℃,所述热熔胶在100~190℃,所述高阻隔材料在170~280℃下进行熔融塑化,按照设定的重量比同时从口模挤出,实现在线复合,得多层共挤出复合型中空玻璃暖边间隔条。
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