CN109965078A - 一种提取高纯度Gluten蛋白的方法 - Google Patents

一种提取高纯度Gluten蛋白的方法 Download PDF

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CN109965078A
CN109965078A CN201910256941.4A CN201910256941A CN109965078A CN 109965078 A CN109965078 A CN 109965078A CN 201910256941 A CN201910256941 A CN 201910256941A CN 109965078 A CN109965078 A CN 109965078A
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gluten
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陈银基
胡慧敏
潘雪峰
杨恒
陈晨
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Nanjing University of Finance and Economics
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Nanjing University of Finance and Economics
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23JPROTEIN COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS; WORKING-UP PROTEINS FOR FOODSTUFFS; PHOSPHATIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS
    • A23J1/00Obtaining protein compositions for foodstuffs; Bulk opening of eggs and separation of yolks from whites
    • A23J1/12Obtaining protein compositions for foodstuffs; Bulk opening of eggs and separation of yolks from whites from cereals, wheat, bran, or molasses
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/28Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/68Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种提取高纯度Gluten蛋白的方法,包括麦类初处理;样品微波+射频+H2O;样品微波+射频+NaCl;样品微波+射频+乙醇;得到高纯度Gluten蛋白。本发明通过水‑氯化钠‑乙醇三联结合微波与射频提取对麦类进行麸质蛋白提取,既能成功提取出麦麸质蛋白,且30kDa以下杂蛋白含量较低,可应用于各种检测方法的前处理过程,更为高纯度麸质蛋白获取提供方法。

Description

一种提取高纯度Gluten蛋白的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及提取Gluten蛋白的方法,尤其是涉及一种提取高纯度Gluten蛋白的方法。
背景技术
麦类是面食的主要来源之一,也是全球范围内种植面积最大,分布范围最广的粮食。麦类蛋白可根据其在不同溶液中的溶解度特性分为溶于水的清蛋白(albumins),溶于稀盐溶液的球蛋白(globulins),溶于40%-70%(v/v)醇溶液的麦醇溶蛋白(gliadins)和溶于稀酸或稀碱溶液的麦谷蛋白(glutenins)。麸质蛋白(gluten)主要由麦醇溶蛋白和麦谷蛋白组成,是麦中的贮藏蛋白,约占麦蛋白的80%。当麦粉与水混合时,麦醇溶蛋白通过形成分子内二硫键赋予面团延展性,麦谷蛋白通过形成分子间二硫键赋予面团粘弹性,二者的组成和结构是决定面团形成及烘焙品质的重要因素。
乳糜泻(Celiac disease)是一种由T细胞介导的慢性小肠炎症性疾病,由基因易感个体摄入小麦、黑麦或大麦中的麸质蛋白引起。乳糜泻是遗传因素和环境因素共同作用的结果,遗传因素主要包括人类白细胞抗原HLA-DQ2和HLA-DQ8,环境因素主要包括麸质蛋白上的T细胞表位和麸质蛋白中富含的脯氨酸。根据血清学和活检,估计全球乳糜泻的平均患病率分别为1.4%和0.7%,但区域差异较大。患者终生严格执行无麸质饮食是目前治疗乳糜泻的唯一可靠方法。因此,探索和筛选的麦麸质蛋白提取方法对麸质蛋白检测与应用具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种提取高纯度Gluten蛋白的方法,该方法得到的产品——麸质蛋白纯度高,杂质含量少,提取速度快,可应用于各种检测方法的前处理过程,为麸质蛋白高效获取提供了方法。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种提取高纯度Gluten蛋白的方法,其特征在于该方法包括下述步骤:
1)麦类初处理与其他材料准备
麦类磨粉,过60~200目筛;各类提取液及标准品若干。
2)样品微波+射频+H2O
称取0.1~0.2g麦类样品,加入1~2mL蒸馏水,微波2~15min,射频0~200s,于水浴中提取40~100min,每5-10 min混匀一次,5000~12000r/min离心5~30min,弃上清液;
3)对离心沉淀物重复上述步骤2);
4)样品微波+射频+NaCl
加入1~2mL NaCl溶液,微波2~15min,射频0~200s,于水浴中提取40~100min,每5-10 min混匀一次,5000~12000r/min离心5~30min,弃上清液;可加入1~2mL 0.5mol/L的NaCl溶液;
5)对离心沉淀物重复上述步骤4);
6)样品微波+射频+乙醇
加入1~2mL乙醇溶液,微波2~15min,射频0~200s,于水浴中提取40min,每5-10 min混匀一次,5000~12000r/min离心5~30min,收集上清液,得到高纯度Gluten蛋白。可加入1~2mL70%乙醇溶液。
蛋白浓度检测
汇集上清液(可冷冻保存,需恢复至室温),涡旋混匀,用PBS稀释液将各样品稀释5倍,涡旋混匀;取BSA蛋白标准品10μL,用PBS稀释液稀释至250μL,使终浓度为0.2mg/mL。取2mL5×G250染色液,加入8mL超纯水,混匀成1×G250染色液。将标准品按0,2,4,6,8,12,16,20μL分别加到96孔板中,加PBS稀释液补足到20μL;将各样品加20μL到96孔板中,每孔均做三组平行。每孔加入200μL 1×G250染色液,室温放置3-5min。用酶标仪测定A595nm处吸收波长。根据标准曲线计算出样品中蛋白浓度。
与混合物提取法、60%乙醇提取法、异丙醇结合DTT提取法、异丙醇结合DTT两步提取法、70%乙醇提取法等现有技术方法相比,本发明采用水-氯化钠-乙醇三联结合微波与射频提取,对麦类进行麸质蛋白提取,可获取麸质蛋白,得到的麸质蛋白杂质含量少,麸质蛋白纯度高。
本发明为麦麸质蛋白精确检测工作及无麸质食品研究工作或无麸质产品开发提供了方法,并且提取速度未受明显影响。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细描述。
实施例1
麦类处理:小麦磨粉,过60目筛;称取0.1g小麦样品,加入1mL蒸馏水,第一次微波+射频时间4min,于水浴中提取40min,每8 min混匀一次,7000r/min离心10min,弃上清液,重复上述步骤;加入1mL 0.5mol/L的NaCl溶液,第二次微波+射频4min,于水浴中提取40min,每8min混匀一次,7000r/min离心10min,弃上清液,重复上述步骤;加入1mL 70%乙醇溶液,第三次微波+射频4min,于水浴中提取40min,每8 min混匀一次,7000r/min离心10min,收集上清液,重复上述步骤。射频设备输出功率为900W,频率为13.56MHz;样品中心温度50℃;微波设备输出功率为1.1kW,频率为2450MHz。
蛋白浓度检测。取出冷冻保存的蛋白样品,待其恢复至室温,涡旋混匀,用PBS稀释液将各样品稀释5倍,涡旋混匀;取BSA蛋白标准品10μL,用PBS稀释液稀释至250μL,使终浓度为0.2mg/mL。取2mL5×G250染色液,加入8mL超纯水,混匀成1×G250染色液。将标准品按0,2,4,6,8,12,16,20μL分别加到96孔板中,加PBS稀释液补足到20μL;将各样品加20μL到96孔板中,每孔均做三组平行。每孔加入200μL 1×G250染色液,室温放置3-5min。用酶标仪测定A595nm处吸收波长。根据标准曲线计算出样品中Gluten蛋白浓度为0.21mg/mL。
实施例2
与实施例1区别在于:小麦磨粉,过80目筛。第一次微波+射频5min,第二次微波+射频4min,第三次微波+射频3min,样品中心温度50℃;微波设备输出功率为1.1kW,频率为2450MHz;小麦样品中Gluten蛋白浓度为0.28mg/mL。
实施例3
与实施例1区别在于:三次离心条件均为9000r/min,离心5min,小麦样品中Gluten蛋白浓度为0.25mg/mL。
实施例4
与实施例1区别在于:采用大麦粉替代小麦粉。其他步骤相同。该方法得到的大麦粉样品中Gluten蛋白浓度为0.19mg/mL。

Claims (9)

1.一种提取高纯度Gluten蛋白的方法,其特征在于该方法包括下述步骤:
1)麦类初处理
麦类磨粉,过60~200目筛;
2)样品微波+射频+H2O
称取0.1~0.2g麦类样品,加入1~2mL蒸馏水,微波2~15min,射频0~200s,于水浴中提取40~100min,每5-10 min混匀一次,5000~12000r/min离心5~30min,弃上清液;
3)样品微波+射频+NaCl
加入1~2mL NaCl溶液,微波2~15min,射频0~200s,于水浴中提取40~100min,每5-10 min混匀一次,5000~12000r/min离心5~30min,弃上清液;
4)样品微波+射频+乙醇
加入1~2mL乙醇溶液,微波2~15min,射频0~200s,于水浴中提取40min,每5-10 min混匀一次,5000~12000r/min离心5~30min,收集上清液,得到高纯度Gluten蛋白。
2.根据权利要求1所述的提取高纯度Gluten蛋白的方法,其特征在于:样品微波+射频+H2O步骤的射频热处理时,射频设备输出功率为600W~3kW,频率为40.68MHz,样品中心温度小于或等于60℃。
3.根据权利要求1所述的提取高纯度Gluten蛋白的方法,其特征在于:微波干燥处理时,微波设备输出功率为700W~3kW,频率为2450MHz。
4.根据权利要求1所述的提取高纯度Gluten蛋白的方法,其特征在于:步骤3)中,加入1~2mL 0.5mol/L的NaCl溶液;步骤4)中,加入1~2mL70%乙醇溶液。
5.根据权利要求1所述的提取高纯度Gluten蛋白的方法,其特征在于:步骤2)、3)、4)重复两次。
6.根据权利要求1所述的提取高纯度Gluten蛋白的方法,其特征在于:微波与射频联合处理时间不得超过28min。
7.根据权利要求1所述的提取高纯度Gluten蛋白的方法,其特征在于微波与射频联合处理时,射频步骤始终需在微波处理后进行。
8.根据权利要求1所述的提取高纯度Gluten蛋白的方法,其特征在于:所述麦类为小麦、大麦及黑麦。
9.根据权利要求1所述的提取高纯度Gluten蛋白的方法,其特征在于:蛋白浓度检测如下:
取出冷冻保存的高纯度Gluten蛋白样品,待其恢复至室温,涡旋混匀,用PBS稀释液将各样品稀释5倍,涡旋混匀;取BSA蛋白标准品10μL,用PBS稀释液稀释至250μL,使终浓度为0.2mg/mL;
取2mL5×G250染色液,加入8mL超纯水,混匀成1×G250染色液;
将标准品按0,2,4,6,8,12,16,20μL分别加到96孔板中,加PBS稀释液补足到20μL;将各样品加20μL到96孔板中,每孔均做三组平行;每孔加入200μL 1×G250染色液,室温放置3-5min;用酶标仪测定A595nm处吸收波长;根据标准曲线计算出样品中蛋白浓度。
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Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108634088A (zh) * 2018-05-16 2018-10-12 武汉轻工大学 一种稻米中镉结合蛋白的提取分离方法

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108634088A (zh) * 2018-05-16 2018-10-12 武汉轻工大学 一种稻米中镉结合蛋白的提取分离方法

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
张锦胜,等: "《食品原料与加工》", 31 August 2017, 江西高校出版社 *
杨安钢,等: "《生物化学与分子生物学实验技术》", 28 February 2001, 高等教育出版社 *

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