CN109951398A - Data transmission method for uplink, device and computer equipment - Google Patents
Data transmission method for uplink, device and computer equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN109951398A CN109951398A CN201910224187.6A CN201910224187A CN109951398A CN 109951398 A CN109951398 A CN 109951398A CN 201910224187 A CN201910224187 A CN 201910224187A CN 109951398 A CN109951398 A CN 109951398A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of data transmission method for uplink, device and computer equipments, belong to network communication technology field.The embodiment of the present invention is during carrying out data transmission with the first data transmission rate, network transmission situation is detected, when the variation for detecting at least one first network parameter meets goal condition, first data transmission rate can be reduced, so that during reduction of speed sends data, more accurately at least one second network parameter can be got in reduction of speed duration, so that even if in the case where unstable networks, still can according to this at least one second network parameter, get more accurately third data transmission rate, data transmission is carried out based on the third data transmission rate, substantially increase the stability of network transmission, and, the quality of data that equipment where improving receiving end receives.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to network communication technology field, in particular to a kind of data transmission method for uplink, device and computer equipment.
Background technique
During sending data by network, since the data volume for needing to transmit in network is excessive, network has little time
Processing, can be by data transmission method for uplink, to control the phenomenon that causing network transmission performance to decline, be easy to happen network congestion
The output of transmitting terminal, such as control data transmission rate or data traffic volume, thus the phenomenon that alleviating network congestion.
Currently, common data transmission method for uplink are as follows: transmitting terminal sends data to receiving end with certain data transmission rate,
In data transmission procedure, transmitting terminal calculates the packet loss of data transmission in real time, and when packet loss becomes larger, transmitting terminal sends out data
Transmission rate is turned down, and when packet loss becomes smaller, transmitting terminal is suitably turned up by data transmission rate, sends speed according to the data after adjusting
Rate continues data transmission.
Based on above-mentioned data transmission method for uplink, in the case where unstable networks, data transmission rate adjusted is not quasi- enough
Really, it is easy to cause the second-rate of the data such as audio-video received by receiving end.
Summary of the invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a kind of data transmission method for uplink, device and computer equipments, are able to solve the number of adjusting
According to the problem that transmission rate is not accurate enough.The technical solution is as follows:
On the one hand, a kind of data transmission method for uplink is provided, which comprises
In the first sending cycle, data transmission is carried out according to the first data transmission rate；
When the variation for detecting at least one first network parameter meets goal condition, sent according to first data
Rate and the first data volume, determine reduction of speed duration, at least one described first network parameter is for indicating with described the
One data transmission rate carry out data transmission when network transmission situation, first data volume be first sending cycle it
The preceding data volume for having sent but not reached equipment where receiving end also；
In the reduction of speed duration, continued with the second data transmission rate lower than first data transmission rate
Carry out data transmission；
Obtain at least one second network parameter in the reduction of speed duration, at least one described second network parameter
It is used to indicate the network transmission situation when carrying out data transmission with second data transmission rate；
Based at least one described second network parameter, third data transmission rate is obtained, in the second sending cycle, with
The third data transmission rate continues data transmission.
On the one hand, a kind of data sending device is provided, described device includes:
First sending module, for carrying out data transmission according to the first data transmission rate in the first sending cycle；
Determining module, for when the variation for detecting at least one first network parameter meets goal condition, according to institute
The first data transmission rate and the first data volume are stated, determines that reduction of speed duration, at least one described first network parameter are used for
Indicate the network transmission situation when carrying out data transmission with first data transmission rate, first data volume is described
The data volume of equipment where receiving end has been sent but not reached also before first sending cycle；
Second sending module, in the reduction of speed duration, with the lower than first data transmission rate
Two data transmission rates continue data transmission；
First obtains module, for obtaining at least one second network parameter in the reduction of speed duration, it is described extremely
Few second network parameter is used to indicate the network transmission feelings when carrying out data transmission with second data transmission rate
Condition；
Second obtains module, for obtaining third data transmission rate based at least one described second network parameter,
In second sending cycle, data are continued with the third data transmission rate and are sent.
On the one hand, a kind of computer equipment is provided, the computer equipment includes processor and memory, the storage
At least one instruction is stored in device, described instruction is loaded by the processor and executed to realize such as above-mentioned data transmission method for uplink
Performed operation.
On the one hand, a kind of computer readable storage medium is provided, at least one instruction is stored in the storage medium,
Described instruction is loaded as processor and is executed to realize the operation as performed by above-mentioned data transmission method for uplink.
The embodiment of the present invention with the first data transmission rate carry out data transmission during, to network transmission situation into
First data can be sent speed when the variation for detecting at least one first network parameter meets goal condition by row detection
Rate reduces, so that can get more accurately at least one in reduction of speed duration during reduction of speed sends data
A second network parameter so that even if in the case where unstable networks, still can according to this at least one second
Network parameter gets more accurately third data transmission rate, carries out data transmission based on the third data transmission rate,
The stability of network transmission is substantially increased, and, the quality of data that equipment where improving receiving end receives.
Detailed description of the invention
To describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, make required in being described below to embodiment
Attached drawing is briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, for
For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, it can also be obtained according to these attached drawings other
Attached drawing.
Fig. 1 is a kind of schematic diagram of the implementation environment of data transmission method for uplink provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is a kind of flow chart of data transmission method for uplink provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is a kind of network state schematic diagram of data transmission method for uplink provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of data sending device provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is a kind of structural block diagram of terminal 500 provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of server 600 provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with attached drawing to embodiment party of the present invention
Formula is described in further detail.
Fig. 1 is a kind of schematic diagram of the implementation environment of data transmission method for uplink provided in an embodiment of the present invention.It, should referring to Fig. 1
Implementation environment includes multiple first equipment 101 and multiple second equipment 102, and multiple first equipment 101 is the equipment of transmitting terminal,
For sending data to multiple second equipment 102, multiple second equipment 102 is the equipment of receiving end, for receiving multiple the
The data that one equipment 101 is sent.Multiple 101 equipment can be terminal or server, and multiple 102 equipment may be end
End or server, for example, multiple first equipment 101 can be server, and multiple second equipment can in program request scene
Think terminal；In live scene, multiple first equipment 101 can be terminal, and multiple second equipment can be server,
Alternatively, multiple first equipment 101 can be server, multiple second equipment can be other terminals；In video calling field
Jing Zhong, multiple first equipment can be terminal, and multiple second equipment can be other terminals.Wherein, can pacify in terminal
Equipped with various application programs, terminal can be the electronic equipment for being able to access that the server, which can be computer, intelligence
Can mobile phone, tablet computer perhaps live streaming or audio and video playing etc. can be provided for user more for other electronic equipments server
Media function.
Fig. 2 is a kind of flow chart of data transmission method for uplink provided in an embodiment of the present invention.Referring to fig. 2, which includes:
201, in the first sending cycle, the first equipment carries out data transmission according to the first data transmission rate.
In embodiments of the present invention, which can be any duration, for example, first sending cycle can be with
It is 5 seconds.First data transmission rate is that the first equipment sends the initial of data to the second equipment in first sending cycle
Rate, first data transmission rate can be the default arbitrary velocity of the first equipment, in some embodiments, first number
Accessed rate is adjusted according to transmission rate or the last data transmission rate that carries out, the embodiment of the present invention is right at this
First data transmission rate is without limitation.
It should be noted that the first equipment sends data to the second equipment in the form of data packet, each data packet can be with
Comprising arbitrary data amount, the embodiment of the present invention at this to the data volume of each data packet without limitation.
202, when the first equipment detects that the variation of at least one first network parameter meets goal condition, the first equipment
According to first data transmission rate and the first data volume, reduction of speed coefficient is determined.
In embodiments of the present invention, at least one first network parameter for indicate with the first data transmission rate into
Network transmission situation when row data are sent, for example, at least one first network parameter can be in the first sending cycle
Packet loss in every first duration, at least one first network parameter can also be the first equipment in first sending cycle
The confirmation response delay of each data packet sent, the confirmation response delay are to send a packet time from the first equipment
Point receives the duration between the time point of the confirmation response returned from the second equipment to first equipment.At least one net
Network parameter can also be to carry out the real-time bandwidth in data transmission procedure with the first data transmission rate, and the embodiment of the present invention exists
This at least one network parameter without limitation.The goal condition is for weighing at least one first network parameter
Amount determines reduction of speed coefficient to trigger the first equipment, which has sent still also not before being first sending cycle
The data volume of the second equipment is reached, which is used to carry out reduction of speed to the first data transmission rate.
By taking at least one network parameter is the packet loss in the first sending cycle in every first duration as an example, first is set
The standby process for determining reduction of speed coefficient may comprise steps of 202A to step 202C:
Packet loss of 202A: the first equipment in the first sending cycle, in every first duration of real-time detection.
In some embodiments, since the first equipment can be carrying out data with the first data transmission rate and sending, in real time
The total data packet amount sent in every first duration is detected, what the first equipment can be returned with the second equipment received by real-time detection
Confirm that the quantity of response, the first equipment can calculate the number of the total data packet amount and the quantity of confirmation response in every first duration
Value difference, in turn, the first equipment can be by the ratios of numerical difference and the total data packet amount, as the packet loss in every first duration.
202B: when the last time detecting packet loss and the last packet loss difference detected, the first equipment enters
Network verifies state, determines the first data volume.
Wherein, it is network transmission unstable state which, which verifies state, and the first equipment can verify state based on the network
Reduction of speed processing is carried out to the first data transmission rate, to alleviate network transmission unstable state, and then the first equipment can be
Network verifies state and gets corresponding network parameter, data transmission rate to be further processed.
In some embodiments, by this first when it is 1 second a length of for, if the first equipment in the first sending cycle the 1st
Second detects that packet loss is 1%, if the 2nd second packet loss that detects of first equipment in the first sending cycle is 1%, if the
The 3rd second packet loss that detects of one equipment in the first sending cycle is 2%, then the first equipment is in the first sending cycle
The network is immediately entered at the 4th second verifies state.It is verified in state in the network, which can determine in the first transmission week
The first total amount of data for having sent to the second equipment before phase has received the second equipment before first sending cycle and returns
The first packet loss data volume that the first quantity and the first equipment for the confirmation response returned have determined before the first sending cycle,
First equipment can make the difference of the first quantity and the first packet loss data volume of first total amount of data and confirmation response
For first data volume.
In some embodiments, according to Google BBR algorithm (Google's congestion avoidance algorithm), in the first equipment with first
During message transmission rate carries out data transmission, the first equipment can be each according to the bandwidth value and transmission that get in real time
The confirmation response delay of data packet, STARTUP state (starting state), DRAIN state (draining state), PROBE_BW state (stable state) and
It is converted between PROBE_RTT state (detection state) this four states, as shown in figure 3, when the first equipment enters PROBE_BW state
Afterwards, if the first equipment determines the packet loss that the last time detects and the last packet loss difference detected, the first equipment
CHECK_BW (network verification state) can be switched to from PROBE_BW state, in turn, the first equipment can be verified in state in the network,
According to above-mentioned in predetermined first total amount of data of the first sending cycle, the first quantity and the first packet loss data of confirmation response
Amount, determines first data volume.
202C: the first equipment is verified in state in network, is based on first data transfer rates and the first data volume, is calculated the drop
Fast coefficient.
In some embodiments, the first equipment can calculate the reduction of speed coefficient according to the following formula:
K=flighti/(a×BDP1)
Wherein, k is the reduction of speed coefficient, flight1For first data volume, BDP1For first data transfer rates, a is to appoint
Meaning positive integer, for example, a can be 2, certainly, the first equipment can also calculate the reduction of speed coefficient by other means, and the present invention is real
Apply example it is not limited here.
Above-mentioned steps 202A to step 202C is that the first equipment detects losing in every first duration in the first sending cycle
When packet rate changes, the first equipment determines the process of reduction of speed coefficient, is based on the process, the first equipment can be according to packet loss
Variation judges that network transmission is unstable, and in turn, the first equipment can be switched to network and verify determining reduction of speed coefficient in state, in order to
Subsequent first equipment reduces data transmission rate and advantageously accounts for showing for network congestion to alleviate the unstability of network transmission
As.
In other embodiments, the first equipment can also according to packet loss, confirmation response delay and bandwidth these three first
Any combination in network parameter, judges whether these three first network parameters change, to determine the reduction of speed coefficient.As
Example, when the first equipment detects that any of these three first network parameters change, which determines drop
Fast coefficient.As an example, this first when any two for detecting in these three first network parameters when the first equipment change
Equipment determines reduction of speed coefficient.As an example, when first detects that these three first network parameters all change, this first is set
It is standby to determine reduction of speed coefficient.The embodiment of the present invention at this to the combination of these three first network parameters without limitation.
It should be noted that above-mentioned steps 202 are the changes to detect at least one first network parameter when the first equipment
Change is when meeting goal condition, and the first equipment is according to first data transmission rate and the first data volume, for determining reduction of speed coefficient
It is illustrated.In other embodiments, if at least one first net is not detected always in the first equipment in target duration
The variation of network parameter meets goal condition, then the first equipment can be spaced duration every detection, sends speed according to first data
Rate and the first data volume determine the reduction of speed coefficient, that is to say that first equipment can enter network core every detection interval duration
State is looked into, to continue to execute following steps 203 to step 211.
203, the first equipment obtains the reduction of speed duration according to the reduction of speed coefficient and the first packet loss.
In embodiments of the present invention, which is in the first duration detected based on step 202A the last time
Packet loss, the reduction of speed duration be the first equipment with according to after the reduction of speed coefficient reduction of speed data transmission rate carry out data
The duration of transmission.
In some embodiments, the first equipment can calculate the reduction of speed duration according to the following formula:
T=b+c/k+d* (e-f)
Wherein, T is the reduction of speed duration, and k is the reduction of speed coefficient, and e is first packet loss, and b, c, d are any just whole
Number, f are the positive number less than 1.As an example, b can take 200, c that can take 100, d that can take 10000, f that can take 0.15.?
In other embodiments, the first equipment can also calculate the reduction of speed duration by other means, and the embodiment of the present invention is herein not
It limits.
Above-mentioned steps 202 to step 203 is the process that the first equipment obtains reduction of speed duration, by the process, first
Equipment can be according to the first packet loss, and the process of reduction of speed transmission need to be carried out to data by predicting the first equipment, so as to close
Achieve the purpose that alleviate network congestion in suitable duration.In other embodiments, the first equipment can also be come by other means
The reduction of speed duration is obtained, as an example, the first equipment can also obtain average packet loss ratio up to the present, the first equipment
Can according to up to the present average packet loss ratio and reduction of speed coefficient, obtain the reduction of speed duration.
204, the first equipment sends out the ratio of first data transmission rate and the prompt drop speed coefficient as second data
Transmission rate.
In some embodiments, the first equipment can be according to formula BDP2=BDP1/ k calculates second data and sends speed
Rate, wherein BDP2For second data transmission rate, BDP1For first data transmission rate, k is the reduction of speed coefficient.
It should be noted that above-mentioned steps 202 to step 204 is after determining reduction of speed coefficient with the first equipment, first to obtain
Reduction of speed duration, then obtain and be illustrated for the second data transmission rate, in other embodiments, the first equipment determines
After reduction of speed coefficient, the second data transmission rate can also be first obtained, then obtain reduction of speed duration.In some embodiments,
First equipment can also obtain reduction of speed duration and the second data transmission rate simultaneously, and the embodiment of the present invention is set at this to first
The sequence of standby acquisition reduction of speed duration and the second data transmission rate is without limitation.
205, the first equipment continues data hair according to second data transmission rate in the reduction of speed duration
It send.
It should be noted that before the first equipment gets second data transmission rate, first equipment always with
First data transmission rate carries out data transmission, that is to say, when the first equipment detects the change of at least one first network parameter
Change meets goal condition, after verifying state into network, determines reduction of speed coefficient, drop based on step 202 to step 204 in the first equipment
During fast duration and the second data transmission rate, the first equipment still carries out data hair with the first data transmission rate
Send, after the first equipment gets the second data transmission rate, the first equipment in the reduction of speed duration, always with this
Two data transmission rates carry out data transmission to the second equipment.
Based on above-mentioned steps 202 and step 205, the first equipment can determine that reduction of speed duration and the second data send speed
Rate is based on the process to carry out data transmission in reduction of speed duration according to the second data transmission rate, and the first equipment can be with
In the reduction of speed duration, to be data transmission rate carry out data transmission to the second equipment with lower, thus, the first equipment can
In the data transmission procedure of low speed, to get more accurate network parameter, so as to can be according to this more with the first equipment
Add accurately network parameter, the data transmission rate of the first equipment is adjusted again, alleviates network congestion to reach
Purpose.
206, for the first equipment according to the second packet loss of the data packet of every target numbers in the reduction of speed duration, obtaining should
Average packet loss ratio in reduction of speed duration.
In embodiments of the present invention, which is the first equipment with the progress data transmission of the second data transmission rate
Packet loss, which is second network parameter in the reduction of speed duration, and the second network parameter is for referring to
Show the network transmission situation when carrying out data transmission with the second data transmission rate.
In some embodiments, the first equipment obtains the process of the average packet loss ratio in the reduction of speed duration and may include
Following steps 206A to step 206B:
206A: during the first equipment carries out data transmission with the second data transmission rate, the first equipment is examined in real time
Survey the second packet loss of the data packet of every target numbers in the reduction of speed duration.
Wherein, which can be the preset arbitrary number of the first equipment, for example, the target numbers can be 10.
In some embodiments, the first equipment can determine send first data packet with the second data transmission rate the
At one time point, since the first time point, the every data packet for sending target numbers of the first equipment determines the number of the target numbers
According to the packet loss number in packet, the first equipment can obtain the data of the target numbers according to the packet loss number and the target numbers
Second packet loss of packet, when the first equipment detects between the second time point and the first time point, a length of reduction of speed continues
When duration, the first equipment can terminate obtain the second packet loss process, the first equipment can determine from the first time point to
Each second packet loss got between second time point.
Step 206A is with second of the data packet of every target numbers in the first equipment real-time detection reduction of speed duration
It is illustrated for packet loss, in other embodiments, the first equipment can be in real-time detection reduction of speed duration every
Second packet loss of the data packet of two durations, the embodiment of the present invention is it is not limited here.
206B: the first equipment is by the average value of multiple second packet loss detected in the reduction of speed duration, as this
Average packet loss ratio in reduction of speed duration.
Above-mentioned steps 206A to step 206B is the process for the average packet loss ratio that the first equipment obtains in reduction of speed duration,
Based on the average packet loss ratio, the first equipment more can accurately get the network transmission feelings in the reduction of speed duration
Condition, the first equipment can be adjusted subsequent data transmission rate according to the average packet loss ratio in time, so that the first equipment
Data transmission rate can be adjusted to more accurately numerical value, so as to improve the second equipment according to network transmission situation
Data reception quality.
Above-mentioned steps 206 are second packet loss of first equipment according to the data packet of every target numbers in the reduction of speed duration
Rate obtains the process of this second network parameter of average packet loss ratio in the reduction of speed duration.In other embodiments,
One equipment can also obtain the average packet loss ratio in the reduction of speed duration by other means, as an example, the first equipment
It can determine that the quantity of all data packets sent in the reduction of speed duration, the first equipment can determine the reduction of speed duration
Interior all packet loss quantity, the first equipment can continue according to packet loss quantity all in the reduction of speed duration with the reduction of speed
The ratio of the quantity of all data packets sent in duration, obtains the average packet loss ratio in the reduction of speed duration.In other realities
It applies in example, the first equipment can also obtain other second network parameters in the reduction of speed duration, and the embodiment of the present invention is herein
Without limitation.
207, the first equipment obtains the confirmation response delay of each data packet sent in the reduction of speed duration.
In some embodiments, by taking the first equipment sends any one data packet in the reduction of speed duration as an example, first
The process that equipment obtains the confirmation response delay of any one data packet in the reduction of speed duration can be such that the first equipment
The third time point for starting to send any one data packet in the reduction of speed duration can be determined, if first equipment receives
The confirmation response for having received any one data packet sent to the second equipment, which, which can determine, receives this really
Recognize the 4th time point of response, then the first equipment can by the duration between the third time point and the 4th time point, as
The confirmation response delay of any one data packet is sent in the reduction of speed duration.Similarly, available arrive of the first equipment should
The confirmation response delay of each data packet sent in reduction of speed duration, this is no longer going to repeat them for the embodiment of the present invention.
208, the first equipment confirms response delay based on the minimum confirmation response delay in the reduction of speed duration and averagely,
Obtain the jitter value in the reduction of speed duration.
In embodiments of the present invention, the jitter value in the reduction of speed duration be in the reduction of speed duration another the
Two network parameters, the jitter value in the reduction of speed duration are each for indicating that the first equipment is sent in the reduction of speed duration
The variation degree of the confirmation response delay of a data packet.
In some embodiments, the process that the first equipment obtains the jitter value in the reduction of speed duration may include following
Step 208A to step 208C:
The confirmation response delay for each data packet that 208A: the first equipment is sent out of the reduction of speed duration that get
In, determine the minimum confirmation response delay in the reduction of speed duration.
208B: the first equipment calculates being averaged for the confirmation response delay of each data packet sent in the reduction of speed duration
Value, obtains the average confirmation response delay in the reduction of speed duration.
208C: the first equipment averagely confirms the ratio of response delay and minimum confirmation response delay based on this, and calculating should
Jitter value in reduction of speed duration.
In some embodiments, the formula that the first equipment calculates the jitter value in the reduction of speed duration can be such that
Jitter=pow (mea_avg_rtt/mea_min_rtt, n)
Wherein, Jitter is the jitter value in the reduction of speed duration, and mea_avg_rtt is in the reduction of speed duration
Averagely confirming that response delay, mea_min_rtt are the minimum confirmation response delay in the reduction of speed duration, n is index, as
Example, n can take 1.3.In other embodiments, the first equipment can also calculate the reduction of speed duration by other means
Interior jitter value, the embodiment of the present invention is it is not limited here.
Above-mentioned steps 207 are trembled to the process that step 208 is that the first equipment obtains the jitter value in the reduction of speed duration based on this
Dynamic value, the available variation degree to the confirmation response delay in the reduction of speed duration of the first equipment, thus the first equipment
The network transmission situation in the reduction of speed duration more can be accurately got, the first equipment can be according to the shake
Value, is adjusted subsequent data transmission rate, in time so that the first equipment can also be by data when network is shaken
Transmission rate is adjusted to more accurately numerical value, so as to improve the data reception quality of the second equipment.
209, the first equipment obtains maximum bandwidth value and the second data volume in the reduction of speed duration.
In embodiments of the present invention, which is that the first equipment carries out data transmission in the reduction of speed duration
During bandwidth maximum value, second data volume be the reduction of speed duration before the first equipment sent but also not
Reach the data volume of the second equipment.
In some embodiments, the process that the first equipment obtains the maximum bandwidth value in the reduction of speed duration can be as
Under: since the first equipment sends data for the first time with the second data transmission rate, the first equipment is counted in the reduction of speed duration
The average bandwidth value in every third duration is calculated, when the first equipment can be from the multiple thirds calculated in the reduction of speed duration
Average bandwidth value in length, the first equipment can be by the maximum values of the average bandwidth value in multiple third duration, as the drop
Maximum bandwidth value in fast duration.Wherein, which can be the preset fixed duration of first equipment, the third
Duration may be the duration that first equipment calculates in real time, as an example, the third duration can pass through following formula meter
It obtains:
T=m × rtt0
Wherein, t is the third duration, rtt0Prolong to send the confirmation response of every q data packet in the reduction of speed duration
When average value, q be any positive integer, m be any positive integer, for example, m can take 10.In other embodiments, can also lead to
It crosses other modes and obtains the third duration, the maximum bandwidth in the reduction of speed duration can also be obtained by other means
Value, the embodiment of the present invention obtain the side of the maximum bandwidth value in the third duration and the reduction of speed duration at this to the first equipment
Formula is without limitation.
In some embodiments, the process that the first equipment obtains second data volume can be such that the first equipment can be true
It has been connect to the second total amount of data of the second equipment transmission, before the reduction of speed duration before being scheduled on reduction of speed duration
The second quantity and the first equipment for receiving the confirmation response of the second equipment return have determined before the reduction of speed duration
The second packet loss data volume, first equipment can by second total amount of data and the confirmation response the second quantity and this second
The difference of packet loss data volume, as second data volume.In other embodiments, which can also obtain by other means
Second data volume is taken, the embodiment of the present invention is it is not limited here.
The step 209 is the process that the first equipment obtains maximum bandwidth value and the second data volume in the reduction of speed duration, is led to
The process is crossed, the first equipment can determine during carrying out data transmission with the second data transmission rate, network transmission institute
Attainable maximum bandwidth value, the first equipment can also determine the data volume for having sent but not reached the second equipment, so as to first
Equipment can be adjusted data transmission rate in time, based on the maximum bandwidth value and the second data in the reduction of speed duration
Amount, the first equipment can be adjusted data transmission rate to more accurate numerical value, so as to preferably show to network congestion
As being alleviated.
It should be noted that above-mentioned steps 206 to step 209 is first obtained in the reduction of speed duration with the first equipment
Average packet loss ratio, then the jitter value in the reduction of speed duration is obtained, then obtain the maximum bandwidth value in the reduction of speed duration
Be illustrated for the second data volume, in other embodiments, the first equipment can also first carry out step 207 to step
208, then step 206 is executed, then execute step 209, alternatively, the first equipment can also be when executing step 206, synchronization executes step
Rapid 207 to step 209, and the embodiment of the present invention obtains average packet loss ratio in the reduction of speed duration at this to the first equipment, should
The sequence of jitter value in reduction of speed duration, the maximum bandwidth value in the reduction of speed duration and second data volume is not done
It limits.
It should be noted that first equipment all may be used when the first equipment carries out process of the above-mentioned steps 202 to step 209
To verify state in network, when the first equipment gets minimum confirmation response delay, the maximum bandwidth value, the average packet loss
After rate, the jitter value and second data volume, the first equipment can exit the network and verify state, continue data hair
It send.
Above-mentioned steps 206 to step 209 is multiple second network parameters in the first equipment acquisition reduction of speed duration
Process sends the process of data by the reduction of speed, and accessed at least one second network parameter is more accurate, in turn,
First equipment is based on multiple second network parameter and data transmission rate is adjusted, and data transmission rate can be adjusted and be arrived
More accurate numerical value.
210, the first equipment is based on minimum and confirms that response delay, the maximum bandwidth value, second data volume, this averagely loses
Packet rate and the jitter value, obtain the third data transmission rate.
In present specification embodiment, which is that the first equipment is counted in next sending cycle
According to data transmission rate when sending.
In some embodiments, the first equipment can calculate the third data transmission rate according to the following formula:
BDP3=mea_min_rtt × max_bw (1+mea_avg_loss)-flight2/Jitter
Wherein, BDP3For the third data transmission rate, mea_min_rtt is the minimum confirmation in the reduction of speed duration
Response delay, max_bw are the maximum bandwidth value in the reduction of speed duration, and mea_avg_loss is in the reduction of speed duration
Average packet loss ratio, flight2For second data volume, Jitter is the jitter value in the reduction of speed duration.
By step 210, the first equipment can integrate the minimum confirmation response delay obtained in reduction of speed duration, most
The parameters such as the second data volume before big bandwidth value, average packet loss ratio, jitter value and reduction of speed duration calculate more smart
Quasi- third data transmission rate, from above-mentioned formula it is found that the first equipment is during calculating the third data transmission rate,
Data transmission rate is suitably turned up according to average packet loss ratio, it is according to jitter value and the second data volume that data transmission rate is appropriate
It turns down, therefore, according to the third data transmission rate, data transmission can be carried out, more swimmingly so as to preferably solve
Certainly the phenomenon that network congestion.
It should be noted that first equipment can be still before first equipment gets third data transmission rate
Data transmission is carried out with the second data transmission rate, until first equipment gets the third data transmission rate.
211, the first equipment continues data with the third data transmission rate and sends in the second sending cycle.
All the above alternatives can form alternative embodiment of the invention using any combination, herein no longer
It repeats one by one.
The embodiment of the present invention with the first data transmission rate carry out data transmission during, to network transmission situation into
First data can be sent speed when the variation for detecting at least one first network parameter meets goal condition by row detection
Rate reduces, so that can get more accurately at least one in reduction of speed duration during reduction of speed sends data
A second network parameter so that even if in the case where unstable networks, still can according to this at least one second
Network parameter gets more accurately third data transmission rate, carries out data transmission based on the third data transmission rate,
The stability of network transmission is substantially increased, and, the quality of data that equipment where improving receiving end receives.
Fig. 4 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of data sending device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.Referring to fig. 4, the device packet
Include: the first sending module 401, determining module 402, the second sending module 403, first obtain module 404 and second and obtain module
405。
First sending module 401, for carrying out data hair according to the first data transmission rate in the first sending cycle
It send；
Determining module 402, for when the variation for detecting at least one first network parameter meets goal condition, according to
First data transmission rate and the first data volume, determine reduction of speed duration, which is used for table
Show that the network transmission situation when carrying out data transmission with first data transmission rate, first data volume are first transmission
The data volume of equipment where receiving end has been sent but not reached also before period；
Second sending module 403 is used in the reduction of speed duration, to be lower than the second of first data transmission rate
Data transmission rate continues data transmission；
First obtains module 404, and for obtaining at least one second network parameter in the reduction of speed duration, this is at least
One the second network parameter is used to indicate the network transmission situation when carrying out data transmission with second data transmission rate；
Second obtains module 405, for obtaining third data transmission rate based at least one second network parameter,
In the second sending cycle, data are continued with the third data transmission rate and are sent.
In some embodiments, which is used for:
According to first data transmission rate and first data volume, reduction of speed coefficient is determined；
According to the reduction of speed coefficient and the first packet loss, the reduction of speed duration is obtained, which is the last
Detect obtained packet loss.
In some embodiments, which is used for:
By the ratio of first data transmission rate and the reduction of speed coefficient, as second data transmission rate；
In the reduction of speed duration, data are continued according to second data transmission rate and are sent.
In some embodiments, which includes:
First acquisition unit, for the second packet loss according to the data packet of every target numbers in the reduction of speed duration,
Obtain the average packet loss ratio in the reduction of speed duration；
Determination unit is determined for the confirmation response delay according to each data packet sent in the reduction of speed duration
Jitter value in the reduction of speed duration.
In some embodiments, which is used for:
Obtain the confirmation response delay of each data packet sent in the reduction of speed duration；
Response delay is confirmed based on the minimum in the reduction of speed duration and averagely confirms response delay, is obtained the reduction of speed and is held
Jitter value in continuous duration.
In some embodiments, which includes:
Second acquisition unit, for obtaining minimum confirmation response delay, maximum bandwidth value and the second data volume, this second
Data volume has sent but has not reached also the data volume of the receiving end before being the reduction of speed duration；
Third acquiring unit, for confirming response delay based on the minimum, the maximum bandwidth value, second data volume, being somebody's turn to do
Average packet loss ratio and the jitter value, obtain the third data transmission rate.
In some embodiments, which is used for:
Minimum confirmation response delay, the maximum bandwidth value and 1 are multiplied with the sum of the average packet loss ratio, obtain first
Product；
By first product, the ratio of second data volume and the jitter value is subtracted, obtains the third data transmission rate.
In some embodiments, the device further include:
Third obtains module, is spaced duration every detection, executes reduction of speed based on the transmission rate in the locating period and obtains
Take the process of network parameter.
It should be understood that data sending device provided by the above embodiment data send when, only with above-mentioned each function
The division progress of module can according to need and for example, in practical application by above-mentioned function distribution by different function moulds
Block is completed, i.e., the internal structure of terminal is divided into different functional modules, to complete all or part of function described above
Energy.In addition, data sending device provided by the above embodiment and data transmission method for uplink embodiment belong to same design, it is specific real
Existing process is detailed in embodiment of the method, and which is not described herein again.
Fig. 5 is a kind of structural block diagram of terminal 500 provided in an embodiment of the present invention.The terminal 500 may is that intelligent hand
(Moving Picture Experts Group Audio Layer III, dynamic image are special for machine, tablet computer, MP3 player
Family's compression standard audio level 3), MP4 (Moving Picture Experts Group Audio Layer IV, dynamic image
Expert's compression standard audio level 4) player, laptop or desktop computer.Terminal 500 is also possible to referred to as user and sets
Other titles such as standby, portable terminal, laptop terminal, terminal console.
In general, terminal 500 includes: processor 501 and memory 502.
Processor 501 may include one or more processing cores, such as 4 core processors, 8 core processors etc..Place
Reason device 501 can use DSP (Digital Signal Processing, Digital Signal Processing), FPGA (Field-
Programmable Gate Array, field programmable gate array), PLA (Programmable Logic Array, may be programmed
Logic array) at least one of example, in hardware realize.Processor 501 also may include primary processor and coprocessor, master
Processor is the processor for being handled data in the awake state, also referred to as CPU (Central Processing
Unit, central processing unit)；Coprocessor is the low power processor for being handled data in the standby state.?
In some embodiments, processor 501 can be integrated with GPU (Graphics Processing Unit, image processor),
GPU is used to be responsible for the rendering and drafting of content to be shown needed for display screen.In some embodiments, processor 501 can also be wrapped
AI (Artificial Intelligence, artificial intelligence) processor is included, the AI processor is for handling related machine learning
Calculating operation.
Memory 502 may include one or more computer readable storage mediums, which can
To be non-transient.Memory 502 may also include high-speed random access memory and nonvolatile memory, such as one
Or multiple disk storage equipments, flash memory device.In some embodiments, the non-transient computer in memory 502 can
Storage medium is read for storing at least one instruction, at least one instruction for performed by processor 501 to realize this hair
The data transmission method for uplink that bright middle embodiment of the method provides.
In some embodiments, terminal 500 is also optional includes: peripheral device interface 503 and at least one peripheral equipment.
It can be connected by bus or signal wire between processor 501, memory 502 and peripheral device interface 503.Each peripheral equipment
It can be connected by bus, signal wire or circuit board with peripheral device interface 503.Specifically, peripheral equipment includes: radio circuit
504, at least one of display screen 505, camera 506, voicefrequency circuit 507, positioning component 508 and power supply 509.
Peripheral device interface 503 can be used for I/O (Input/Output, input/output) is relevant outside at least one
Peripheral equipment is connected to processor 501 and memory 502.In some embodiments, processor 501, memory 502 and peripheral equipment
Interface 503 is integrated on same chip or circuit board；In some other embodiments, processor 501, memory 502 and outer
Any one or two in peripheral equipment interface 503 can realize on individual chip or circuit board, the present embodiment to this not
It is limited.
Radio circuit 504 is for receiving and emitting RF (Radio Frequency, radio frequency) signal, also referred to as electromagnetic signal.It penetrates
Frequency circuit 504 is communicated by electromagnetic signal with communication network and other communication equipments.Radio circuit 504 turns electric signal
It is changed to electromagnetic signal to be sent, alternatively, the electromagnetic signal received is converted to electric signal.Optionally, radio circuit 504 wraps
It includes: antenna system, RF transceiver, one or more amplifiers, tuner, oscillator, digital signal processor, codec chip
Group, user identity module card etc..Radio circuit 504 can be carried out by least one wireless communication protocol with other terminals
Communication.The wireless communication protocol includes but is not limited to: Metropolitan Area Network (MAN), each third generation mobile communication network (2G, 3G, 4G and 5G), wireless office
Domain net and/or WiFi (Wireless Fidelity, Wireless Fidelity) network.In some embodiments, radio circuit 504 may be used also
To include the related circuit of NFC (Near Field Communication, wireless near field communication), the present invention is not subject to this
It limits.
Display screen 505 is for showing UI (User Interface, user interface).The UI may include figure, text, figure
Mark, video and its their any combination.When display screen 505 is touch display screen, display screen 505 also there is acquisition to show
The ability of the touch signal on the surface or surface of screen 505.The touch signal can be used as control signal and be input to processor
501 are handled.At this point, display screen 505 can be also used for providing virtual push button and/or dummy keyboard, also referred to as soft button and/or
Soft keyboard.In some embodiments, display screen 505 can be one, and the front panel of terminal 500 is arranged；In other embodiments
In, display screen 505 can be at least two, be separately positioned on the different surfaces of terminal 500 or in foldover design；In still other reality
It applies in example, display screen 505 can be flexible display screen, be arranged on the curved surface of terminal 500 or on fold plane.Even, it shows
Display screen 505 can also be arranged to non-rectangle irregular figure, namely abnormity screen.Display screen 505 can use LCD (Liquid
Crystal Display, liquid crystal display), OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode, Organic Light Emitting Diode)
Etc. materials preparation.
CCD camera assembly 506 is for acquiring image or video.Optionally, CCD camera assembly 506 include front camera and
Rear camera.In general, the front panel of terminal is arranged in front camera, the back side of terminal is arranged in rear camera.One
In a little embodiments, rear camera at least two is main camera, depth of field camera, wide-angle camera, focal length camera shooting respectively
Any one in head, to realize that main camera and the fusion of depth of field camera realize background blurring function, main camera and wide-angle
Camera fusion realizes that pan-shot and VR (Virtual Reality, virtual reality) shooting function or other fusions are clapped
Camera shooting function.In some embodiments, CCD camera assembly 506 can also include flash lamp.Flash lamp can be monochromatic warm flash lamp,
It is also possible to double-colored temperature flash lamp.Double-colored temperature flash lamp refers to the combination of warm light flash lamp and cold light flash lamp, can be used for not
With the light compensation under colour temperature.
Voicefrequency circuit 507 may include microphone and loudspeaker.Microphone is used to acquire the sound wave of user and environment, and will
Sound wave, which is converted to electric signal and is input to processor 501, to be handled, or is input to radio circuit 504 to realize voice communication.
For stereo acquisition or the purpose of noise reduction, microphone can be separately positioned on the different parts of terminal 500 to be multiple.Mike
Wind can also be array microphone or omnidirectional's acquisition type microphone.Loudspeaker is then used to that processor 501 or radio circuit will to be come from
504 electric signal is converted to sound wave.Loudspeaker can be traditional wafer speaker, be also possible to piezoelectric ceramic loudspeaker.When
When loudspeaker is piezoelectric ceramic loudspeaker, the audible sound wave of the mankind can be not only converted electrical signals to, it can also be by telecommunications
Number the sound wave that the mankind do not hear is converted to carry out the purposes such as ranging.In some embodiments, voicefrequency circuit 507 can also include
Earphone jack.
Positioning component 508 is used for the current geographic position of positioning terminal 500, to realize navigation or LBS (Location
Based Service, location based service).Positioning component 508 can be the GPS (Global based on the U.S.
Positioning System, global positioning system), the dipper system of China, Russia Gray receive this system or European Union
The positioning component of Galileo system.
Power supply 509 is used to be powered for the various components in terminal 500.Power supply 509 can be alternating current, direct current,
Disposable battery or rechargeable battery.When power supply 509 includes rechargeable battery, which can support wired charging
Or wireless charging.The rechargeable battery can be also used for supporting fast charge technology.
In some embodiments, terminal 500 further includes having one or more sensors 510.The one or more sensors
510 include but is not limited to: acceleration transducer 511, gyro sensor 512, pressure sensor 513, fingerprint sensor 514,
Optical sensor 515 and proximity sensor 516.
The acceleration that acceleration transducer 511 can detecte in three reference axis of the coordinate system established with terminal 500 is big
It is small.For example, acceleration transducer 511 can be used for detecting component of the acceleration of gravity in three reference axis.Processor 501 can
With the acceleration of gravity signal acquired according to acceleration transducer 511, control display screen 505 with transverse views or longitudinal view into
The display of row user interface.Acceleration transducer 511 can be also used for the acquisition of game or the exercise data of user.
Gyro sensor 512 can detecte body direction and the rotational angle of terminal 500, and gyro sensor 512 can
To cooperate with acquisition user to act the 3D of terminal 500 with acceleration transducer 511.Processor 501 is according to gyro sensor 512
Following function may be implemented in the data of acquisition: when action induction (for example changing UI according to the tilt operation of user), shooting
Image stabilization, game control and inertial navigation.
The lower layer of side frame and/or display screen 505 in terminal 500 can be set in pressure sensor 513.Work as pressure sensing
When the side frame of terminal 500 is arranged in device 513, user can detecte to the gripping signal of terminal 500, by 501 basis of processor
The gripping signal that pressure sensor 513 acquires carries out right-hand man's identification or prompt operation.When the setting of pressure sensor 513 is being shown
When the lower layer of screen 505, the pressure operation of display screen 505 is realized to operating on the interface UI according to user by processor 501
Property control is controlled.Operability control include button control, scroll bar control, icon control, in menu control at least
It is a kind of.
Fingerprint sensor 514 is used to acquire the fingerprint of user, collected according to fingerprint sensor 514 by processor 501
The identity of fingerprint recognition user, alternatively, by fingerprint sensor 514 according to the identity of collected fingerprint recognition user.It is identifying
When the identity of user is trusted identity out, the user is authorized to execute relevant sensitive operation, the sensitive operation packet by processor 501
Include solution lock screen, check encryption information, downloading software, payment and change setting etc..Terminal can be set in fingerprint sensor 514
500 front, the back side or side.When being provided with physical button or manufacturer Logo in terminal 500, fingerprint sensor 514 can be with
It is integrated with physical button or manufacturer Logo.
Optical sensor 515 is for acquiring ambient light intensity.In one embodiment, processor 501 can be according to optics
The ambient light intensity that sensor 515 acquires controls the display brightness of display screen 505.Specifically, when ambient light intensity is higher,
The display brightness of display screen 505 is turned up；When ambient light intensity is lower, the display brightness of display screen 505 is turned down.In another reality
It applies in example, the ambient light intensity that processor 501 can also be acquired according to optical sensor 515, dynamic adjusts CCD camera assembly 506
Acquisition parameters.
Proximity sensor 516, also referred to as range sensor are generally arranged at the front panel of terminal 500.Proximity sensor 516
For acquiring the distance between the front of user Yu terminal 500.In one embodiment, when proximity sensor 516 detects use
When family and the distance between the front of terminal 500 gradually become smaller, display screen 505 is controlled by processor 501 and is switched from bright screen state
To cease screen state；When proximity sensor 516 detects user and the distance between the front of terminal 500 becomes larger, by
Reason device 501 controls display screen 505 and is switched to bright screen state from breath screen state.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the restriction of the not structure paired terminal 500 of structure shown in Fig. 5, can wrap
It includes than illustrating more or fewer components, perhaps combine certain components or is arranged using different components.
Fig. 6 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of server 600 provided in an embodiment of the present invention, which can be because of configuration
Or performance is different and generate bigger difference, may include one or more CPU (central processing
Units, processor) 601 and one or more memory 602, wherein at least one is stored in the memory 602
Instruction, at least one instruction are loaded by the processor 601 and are executed the data to realize above-mentioned each embodiment of the method offer
Sending method.Certainly, which can also have the portions such as wired or wireless network interface, keyboard and input/output interface
Part, to carry out input and output, which can also include other for realizing the component of functions of the equipments, not do herein superfluous
It states.
In the exemplary embodiment, a kind of computer readable storage medium is additionally provided, the memory for example including instruction,
Above-metioned instruction can be executed by the processor in terminal to complete data transmission method for uplink in above-described embodiment.For example, the computer can
Read storage medium can be ROM (Read-Only Memory, read-only memory), RAM (Random Access Memory, with
Machine access memory), CD-ROM (Compact Disc Read-Only Memory), CD-ROM, tape, floppy disk and light number
According to storage equipment etc..
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that realizing that all or part of the steps of above-described embodiment can pass through hardware
It completes, relevant hardware can also be instructed to complete by program, above procedure can store computer-readable to be deposited in a kind of
In storage media, storage medium mentioned above can be read-only memory, disk or CD etc..
It above are only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not intended to limit the invention, it is all in the spirit and principles in the present invention
Within, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of data transmission method for uplink, which is characterized in that the described method includes:
In the first sending cycle, data transmission is carried out according to the first data transmission rate；
When the variation for detecting at least one first network parameter meets goal condition, according to first data transmission rate
With the first data volume, reduction of speed duration is determined, at least one described first network parameter is for indicating with first number
According to transmission rate carry out data transmission when network transmission situation, first data volume be first sending cycle before
Send but do not reach also the data volume of equipment where receiving end；
In the reduction of speed duration, continued with the second data transmission rate lower than first data transmission rate
Data are sent；
At least one second network parameter in the reduction of speed duration is obtained, at least one described second network parameter is used for
Indicate the network transmission situation when carrying out data transmission with second data transmission rate；
Based at least one described second network parameter, third data transmission rate is obtained, in the second sending cycle, with described
Third data transmission rate continues data transmission.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein described according to first data transmission rate and the first number
According to amount, determine that reduction of speed duration includes:
According to first data transmission rate and first data volume, reduction of speed coefficient is determined；
According to the reduction of speed coefficient and the first packet loss, the reduction of speed duration is obtained, first packet loss is nearest one
It is secondary to detect obtained packet loss.
3. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized in that, described in the reduction of speed duration, lower than described
Second data transmission rate of the first data transmission rate continues data transmission
By the ratio of first data transmission rate and the reduction of speed coefficient, as second data transmission rate；
In the reduction of speed duration, data are continued according to second data transmission rate and are sent.
4. the method according to claim 1, wherein at least one described obtained in the reduction of speed duration
Second network parameter includes:
According to the second packet loss of the data packet of every target numbers in the reduction of speed duration, the reduction of speed duration is obtained
Interior average packet loss ratio；
According to the confirmation response delay of each data packet sent in the reduction of speed duration, the reduction of speed duration is determined
Interior jitter value.
5. according to the method described in claim 4, it is characterized in that, described each according to being sent in the reduction of speed duration
The confirmation response delay of data packet determines that the jitter value in the reduction of speed duration includes:
Obtain the confirmation response delay of each data packet sent in the reduction of speed duration；
Response delay is confirmed based on the minimum in the reduction of speed duration and averagely confirms response delay, is obtained the reduction of speed and is held
Jitter value in continuous duration.
6. according to the method described in claim 4, it is characterized in that, described at least one second network parameter based on described in, is obtained
The third data transmission rate is taken to include:
Obtaining the minimum confirmation response delay, maximum bandwidth value and the second data volume, second data volume is the reduction of speed
The data volume of equipment where having been sent before duration but not reached the receiving end also；
Based on the minimum confirmation response delay, the maximum bandwidth value, second data volume, the average packet loss ratio and institute
Jitter value is stated, the third data transmission rate is obtained.
7. according to the method described in claim 6, it is characterized in that, it is described based on the minimum confirmation response delay, it is described most
Big bandwidth value, second data volume, the average packet loss ratio and the jitter value, obtain the third data transmission rate packet
It includes:
The minimum confirmation response delay, the maximum bandwidth value and 1 are multiplied with the sum of the average packet loss ratio, obtain the
One product；
By first product, the ratio of second data volume and the jitter value is subtracted, the third data is obtained and sends
Rate.
8. the method according to claim 1, wherein the method also includes:
It is spaced duration every detection, reduction of speed is executed based on the transmission rate in the locating period and obtains the process of network parameter.
9. a kind of data sending device, which is characterized in that described device includes:
First sending module, for carrying out data transmission according to the first data transmission rate in the first sending cycle；
Determining module, for when the variation for detecting at least one first network parameter meets goal condition, according to described
One data transmission rate and the first data volume determine reduction of speed duration, at least one described first network parameter is for indicating
Network transmission situation when carrying out data transmission with first data transmission rate, first data volume are described first
The data volume of equipment where receiving end has been sent but not reached also before sending cycle；
Second sending module, for being counted with second lower than first data transmission rate in the reduction of speed duration
Continue data according to transmission rate to send；
First obtains module, for obtaining at least one second network parameter in the reduction of speed duration, described at least one
A second network parameter is used to indicate the network transmission situation when carrying out data transmission with second data transmission rate；
Second obtains module, for third data transmission rate being obtained, second based at least one described second network parameter
In sending cycle, data are continued with the third data transmission rate and are sent.
10. a kind of computer equipment, which is characterized in that the computer equipment includes one or more processors and one or more
A memory is stored at least one instruction in one or more of memories, and described instruction is by one or more of
Reason device is loaded and is executed to realize the behaviour as performed by claim 1 to claim 8 described in any item data transmission method for uplink
Make.
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| CN112929704A (en) * | 2021-01-26 | 2021-06-08 | 游密科技(深圳)有限公司 | Data transmission method, device, electronic equipment and storage medium |
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