CN109951257A - The method of different distributions signal sequence is constructed in STBC-OFDM system - Google Patents

The method of different distributions signal sequence is constructed in STBC-OFDM system Download PDF

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CN109951257A
CN109951257A CN201910245836.0A CN201910245836A CN109951257A CN 109951257 A CN109951257 A CN 109951257A CN 201910245836 A CN201910245836 A CN 201910245836A CN 109951257 A CN109951257 A CN 109951257A
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ofdm
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stbc
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CN109951257B (en
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凌青
闫文君
张立民
钟兆根
张磊
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Naval Aeronautical University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0045—Arrangements at the receiver end
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0056—Systems characterized by the type of code used
    • H04L1/0057—Block codes

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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of methods that different distributions signal sequence is constructed in STBC-OFDM system, signal will be received first is divided into two overlapped subsequences again, then the correlation function for calculating column vector in two subsequences again finally obtains and is distributed two different reception signal sequences.Correlation properties of this method based on Space-Time Block Coding take full advantage of the sequence length for receiving signal, can be used for identifying the algorithm of STBC signal according to distribution situation.Two different signal sequences are newly defined as by receiving signal, its sample utilization rate is made to be doubled；And the effect of signal identification can be improved under low sample conditions.Simultaneously in construction process, without the concern for noise information, channel information, modulation intelligence, there is very strong application value in cognition wireless electrical domain.

Description

The method of different distributions signal sequence is constructed in STBC-OFDM system
The application be the applying date be September in 2016 19, application No. is 201610831959.9, entitled " be based on The divisional application of the patent application of the STBC-OFDM Signal blind recognition algorithm of K-S detection ".
Technical field
The invention belongs to non-cooperative communication signal processing technologies in field of signal processing, in particular to one kind to be based on K-S (Kolmogrov-Smirnov, K-S) detection STBC-OFDM (Space-Time Block Codes, STBC and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, OFDM) Signal blind recognition method.
Background technique
In recent years, signal of communication automatic identification had been extended to military communication and commercial communication field.Such as spectrum monitoring, Electronic warfare, software radio and cognitive radio etc..Signal of communication automatic identification is required in the prior information without any transmitting terminal Under the premise of front-end processing, can preferably it be identified under the conditions of lower signal-to-noise ratio (Signal Noise Ratio, SNR) Receiving end signal parameter.Therefore signal of communication automatic identification is always the hot and difficult issue of non-cooperative communication research.It is most of to close It is communicated in signal of communication automatic identification primarily directed to single-input single-output (Single Input Single Output, SISO) The Modulation Identification of system, single carrier are identified from the transmission identification of multicarrier, different multi-carrier transmission identification and channel coding.So And at present signal of communication automatic identification have been extended to multiple-input and multiple-output (Multiple Input Multiple Output, MIMO) communication system, be primarily due to its adapt to wireless communication standard, such as IEEE 802.11n, IEEE 802.16e and 3GPP LTE。
Currently, being still in infancy in non-collaboration process field to STBC-OFDM signal identification.In " IEEE Transaction on Communication " magazine " the Blind STBC identification for of 62 phases in 2014 In a multiple-antenna OFDM systems " text, Marey M receives the second order correlation letter of signal element using calculating Number blind recognition STBC signal, yields good result.But algorithm recognition effect under low signal-to-noise ratio and low sample conditions It is less desirable.Eldemerdash Y A in 2015 et al. is by defining a kind of cross-correlation function identification for receiving sequence blocks STBC signal, recognition performance is also more satisfactory under low signal-to-noise ratio；But this method can only identify Al-OFDM signal and SM-OFDM Signal, and do not extend into STBC identification problem in general sense.Karami E E in 2015 et al., which is calculated, receives the two of sequence Rank cyclo-stationary compares its amplitude and threshold size by the amplitude of the CCF (cyclic cross-function) of estimation Blind recognition STBC signal.
However, existing method is confined to receive the occasion of signal antenna more, to single receiving antenna and it is not suitable for.Singly connect The extreme case that antenna is multiple antennas is received, is primarily due in certain specific occasions, as platform space, antenna size and cost limit System, can only be using single receiving antenna.In view of single receiving antenna special circumstances, also need to study a kind of single receiving antenna STBC- Ofdm signal blind-identification method.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to consider frequency selection for the deficiency of existing STBC blind recognition technology Rayleigh channel model proposes a kind of STBC-OFDM Signal blind recognition method based on K-S detection, can satisfy STBC-OFDM Signal identification requirement substantially increases the performance of recognizer, and has lower computation complexity.The present invention can be answered directly For non-cooperation STBC communication system, it can also be used to the systems such as corresponding software radio.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions: signal will be received again first It is defined as two different signal sequences；Then the time delay correlation function of two signal sequences is sought respectively, and analyzes difference Two time delay correlation function distribution situations of STBC；Different STBC are finally identified using the method detected based on K-S.This method is not The prior informations such as noise information, modulation intelligence and channel coefficients are needed, non-cooperative communication occasion is suitble to.
The signal that will receive is newly defined as two different signal sequences are as follows: considers there is NTxA transmitting antenna and Receiving antenna NRx=1 STBC-OFDM communication system, unlike single-carrier system, STBC-OFDM system is in blocks Carry out Space Time Coding.It is assumed that the symbol of transmitting is compound linear modulation (such as QPSK) and I.i.d. random variables.For polyphony System, its real and imaginary parts are also independent identically distributed.If the length of OFDM block is N, if the symbol of each encoder matrix transmitting Quantity is L, if the length of encoder matrix is U.Input the data flow of single OFDM block are as follows:
st=[st(0),st(1),…,st(N-1)] (1)
Therefore, the data block [s of kth groupLk,sLk+1,…,sLk+l], wherein l=0,1 ..., L-1.After carrying out Space Time Coding Encoder matrix be C (sLk,sLk+1,…,sLk+l)。
According to the modulation principle of OFDM,And u=0,1 ..., U-1 carries out inverse-Fourier variation (IFFT) the OFDM block of time domain can be obtained
In order to reduce intersymbol interference (ISI) and inter-carrier interference (ICI), needBefore preceding addition length is v Sew, collectively forms new OFDM block
The transmitting sequence of antenna i is xi:
Wherein, NBFor the number of OFDM block, x(i)In k-th element be x(i)(k)。
Therefore, signal is received are as follows:
Wherein, hi(p) i-th of transmitting antenna and the corresponding p path channel coefficient of receiving antenna are represented, w (k) represents zero Value variance isWhite complex gaussian noise, the quantity of path delegated path.
The reception signal y (k) that length is K is divided into two overlapped subsequence p again1And p2:
p1=[y (0), y (1) ..., y (K-t-1)] (6)
p2=[y (t), y (2) ..., y (K-1)] (7)
Wherein, t represents the time delay of hereinafter correlation function.
Described seeks the time delay correlation function of two signal sequences respectively, and analyzes two time delay correlations of different STBC Function distribution situation are as follows:
In receiving end, single OFDM block gUk+uIt may be expressed as:
gUk+u=[yUk+u(N-v)…yUk+u(0)…yUk+u(N-1)]T (8)
Therefore, the received OFDM block R of receiving antenna may be expressed as:
Wherein, NBFor the number of OFDM block, R is (N+v) × NBTie up matrix, giRepresent received single OFDM block.Define two A length is NBThe block matrix of-t:
Define R0And R1Correlation function between middle column vector are as follows:
xi(k)=| [Ri(:,2tk)]TRi(:,2tk+t)| (12)
Wherein, i=0,1, | | representative takes absolute value: representative takes block matrix RiAll rows.Without loss of generality, if NBMod2t=0 can handle block matrix R is received if its value is not zero, remove tail portion NBMod2t=0 vector gi。
Therefore auto-correlation vector X is obtainediAre as follows:
X0=[x0(0),x0(1),…,x0(M-1)] (13)
X1=[x1(0),x1(1),…,x1(M-1)] (14)
Wherein,
By taking Al-OFDM and SM-OFDM code as an example, the code length that Al code length is 2, SM is 1, therefore takes t=1.
SM-OFDM is encoded, gUk+u-1And gUk+uA OFDM block is independent, and Al-OFDM is encoded, gUk+u-1With gUk+uA OFDM block may be independent, it is also possible to and it is not independent, depend on and gUk+u-1And gUk+uWhether in same encoder matrix It is interior.By formula (13) and (14) it is found that being encoded for SM-OFDM, due to receiving the column vector g of OFDM block RUk+uIt is independent same distribution Vector, therefore vector X0And X1It is independent same distribution；And Al-OFDM is encoded, due to receiving the column vector of OFDM block R gUk+uIt is not independent identically distributed vector, therefore vector X0And X1It is not independent same distribution.Due in non-cooperative communication, The first OFDM block received the not necessarily first row of corresponding A l-OFDM, it is thus possible to which there are two kinds of situations:
Event1: received first OFDM block if not corresponding A l-OFDM beginning, gUk+u-1And gUk+uA OFDM Block is independent, X1It is independent same distribution, and X0It is not independent same distribution.
Event2: if the beginning of received first OFDM block corresponding A l-OFDM, X0It is independent same distribution, and X1It is not Independent same distribution.
It therefore can be by determining vector X0And X1It whether is that independent same distribution distinguishes SM-OFDM and Al-OFDM coding.Together Sample, t take suitable value, can also distinguish other patterns.
Event1 and Event2 any one occurrence is remembered there is a situation where for event Event, if vector X0And X1For independent same distribution The case where be iid.Account part Non is pending events: may be event Event, it is also possible to event iid.As shown in table 1, in t STBC-OFDM corresponds to the distribution situation of event when { 1,2,4 } ∈, in this, as characteristic parameter distinguish set omega=SM-OFDM, Al-OFDM, ST3-OFDM, ST4-OFDM }, a decision tree representation can be used.Each branch can use binary hypothesis test It completes, defines the H that event iid is hypothesis testing0, define the H that non-iid is hypothesis testing1:
H0: X0And X1It is independent same distribution
H1: X0And X1It is not all independent same distribution
When 1 t difference of table, STBC-OFDM corresponds to event
The process of entire decision tree are as follows: as t=4, refuse H0STBC-OFDM be ST4-OFDM；As t=2, refusal H0STBC-OFDM be ST3-OFDM；As t=1, refuse H0STBC-OFDM be Al-OFDM.
Described uses the method based on K-S detection to identify different STBC for definitionWithFor vector X0And X1 Empirical distribution function:
Wherein M is vector Xi, the length of i=0,1；Ind () is indicator function, when it is true for inputting parameter, Fi(z) it returns Value 1；When input parameter is fictitious time, Fi(z) return value 0.Maximum distance may be expressed as: between two distribution functions
As goodness of fit statistical value, whenIt sets up, refuses H0, wherein
For the estimation that K-S is examined, β is threshold value, and α is confidence interval, be may be expressed as:
Wherein,
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
(1) STBC-OFDM signal type can be identified under the conditions of lower signal-to-noise ratio, can satisfy practical application, and Computation complexity is lower.
(2) it does not need to pre-estimate the prior informations such as noise information, modulation intelligence and channel coefficients, it is logical to be suitable for non-cooperation Believe occasion, there is very strong military significance.Under different modulating mode, carrier wave frequency deviation and non-Gaussian noise the robustness of algorithm compared with It is good.
(3) letter to STBC-OFDM Signal blind recognition under the conditions of Frequency-selective Rayleigh-fading Channel, with high-speed transfer Road environment is consistent.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the overview flow chart of the method for the invention；
Fig. 2 is that two different signal sequence schematic diagrames are defined by taking t=1 as an example；
Fig. 3 is STBC-OFDM signal emitting structural；
Fig. 4 is to calculate auto-correlation vector X1And X2Schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is tree-shaped identifying schemes；
Fig. 6 is that STBC-OFDM signal identification performance different in example compares；
The recognition performance of STBC-OFDM compares when Fig. 7 is different sub-carrier quantity in example；
The recognition performance of STBC-OFDM compares when Fig. 8 is different numbers of blocks in example；
The recognition performance of STBC-OFDM compares when Fig. 9 is varying prefix length in example；
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Fig. 1 is overview flow chart of the invention, and the present embodiment the method realizes that process is as follows:
(1) the STBC-OFDM signal y (k) of single received antenna is intercepted and captured；
(2) intercepted signal y (k) is grouped as unit of OFDM block, defines new OFDM block matrix R, define two it is new Length is NBThe block matrix R of-t0And R1,
(3) and the auto-correlation vector X of column vector is calculatedi；
(4) threshold value is calculated；
(5) empirical cumulative distribution function F is soughti(z), and F is calculatedi(z) maximum distance between
(6) ifDetermine H0It sets up, otherwise determines H1It sets up.
In embodiment: ofdm signal is based on IEEE802.11e standard, OFDM symbol subcarrier number N=256, circulation Prefix length is v=N/4, and the number of receiving antenna is NRx=1, received OFDM number of blocks NB=2000, confidence interval 99%, Channel uses Frequency-selective Rayleigh-fading Channel, and includes the path of 4 statistical iterations, and above 4 paths have index function Rate time delay and σ2(p)=exp (- p/5), p=0,1 ..., path-1.Noise is zero-mean additive white Gaussian noise, and noise ThanSignal uses QPSK modulation system, using correct identification probability P (λ | λ), λ ∈ SM-OFDM, Al-OFDM, ST3-OFDM, ST4-OFDM } and average identification probability PcThe performance of measure algorithm.
Fig. 6 gives the correct identification probability of different STBC-OFDM signals.From fig. 6 it can be seen that SM-OFDM knows Other effect is best, and the correct identification probability of SM-OFDM is close to confidence interval 0.99；The recognition effect of ST3-OFDM is worst, this be because To include symbol 0 in ST3-OFDM code matrix, this will affect XiDistribution character so that empirical distribution functionWithIt Between distance become smaller, so as to cause ST3-OFDM, recognition effect is undesirable under low signal-to-noise ratio.Al-OFDM, ST3-OFDM and The recognition performance of ST4-OFDM is improved with the raising of Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR).It is primarily due under low signal-to-noise ratio environment, by force Noise makes empirical distribution functionWithThe distance between become smaller so that the recognition performance of STBC-OFDM is low SNR recognition effect is undesirable.
Fig. 7 gives average correct identification probability P when subcarrier N is 64,128,256,512cWith the song of sub-carrier variations Line.As seen from Figure 7, recognition performance is improved as subcarrier number improves performance under low signal-to-noise ratio.Mainly group carries Wave number N increases, the OFDMg in formula (9)Uk+uThe element of block increases, R0And R1Correlation function x between middle column vectori(k) more Accurately, to make empirical distribution functionWithIt is more accurate, therefore, its correct identification probability with subcarrier It counts and improves.
Fig. 8 gives OFDM number of blocks when being 1000,2000,3000,4000, average correct identification probability PcWith OFDM block Change curve.As seen from Figure 8, the average correct identification probability P under low signal-to-noise ratio environmentcWhen OFDM number of blocks is 4000 Recognition effect is more preferable, and under high s/n ratio, OFDM number of blocks is that 1000 recognition effects are least ideal, other OFDM block numbers The lower average correct identification probability of amount all reaches 1.When OFDM number of blocks is smaller, if t value can make empirical distribution function when excessiveWithMiddle element is smaller, is unfavorable for the influence for inhibiting noise and channel to empirical distribution function, so as to cause ST3- The correct identification probability of OFDM and ST4-OFDM is lower, to affect average correct probability Pc。
Fig. 9 gives prefix length when being N/4, N/16, N/32, average correct identification probability PcChange with prefix length bent Line.As seen from Figure 9, the performance of algorithm does not change substantially with prefix v length, is primarily due to prefix length and does not change phase The estimated value for closing function, nor affects on its auto-correlation function XiEstimated value, and then nor affect on its empirical distribution function The calculating of estimated value.So prefix length v is on algorithm substantially without influence.

Claims (4)

  1. The method of different distributions signal sequence is constructed in 1.STBC-OFDM system, which comprises the following steps: will connect The collection of letters number is divided into two overlapped subsequences again, then calculates the correlation function of column vector in two subsequences, final The two reception signal sequences different to distribution.
  2. 2. the method according to claim 1, wherein it is described will receive signal be divided into again two it is overlapped Subsequence specifically: signal will be receivedIt is divided into two overlapped subsequences:
    Wherein, NBFor the number of OFDM block, gjRepresent received single OFDM block, j ∈ [0, NB- 1], t represent correlation function when Prolong.
  3. 3. method according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the phase of column vector in described two subsequences of calculating Close function specifically:
    xi(k)=| [Ri(:,2tk)]TRi(:,2tk+t)|
    Wherein, i=0,1, | | representative takes absolute value: representative takes block matrix RiAll rows, k ∈ [0, M-1],N For the length of OFDM block.
  4. 4. according to the method described in claim 3, it is characterized in that, obtaining being distributed two different reception signal sequences specific Are as follows: correlation function value is arranged to obtain two associated vector sequences:
    X0=[x0(0),x0(1),…,x0(M-1)]
    X1=[x1(0),x1(1),…,x1(M-1)]。
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