CN104601295B - A kind of orthogonal space time packet blind-identification method based on Higher Order Cumulants - Google Patents
A kind of orthogonal space time packet blind-identification method based on Higher Order Cumulants Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of orthogonal space time packet blind-identification methods based on Higher Order Cumulants, and the influence of noise is eliminated by using the denoising characteristic of Higher Order Cumulants；Consider influence of the channel for simulation result, the docking collection of letters number carries out a whitening processing so that channel information does not influence the fourth order cumulant form of STBC；Judge whether emitted STBC is orthogonal by the diagonal property for the fourth order cumulant for observing reception signal after whitening processing, if the fourth order cumulant of signal is diagonal matrix after albefaction, it is then orthogonal STBC, if the fourth order cumulant of the signal after albefaction is non-diagonal battle array, it is then nonopiate STBC, is identified with the STBC orthogonalities needed for completing.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to non-cooperating signal of communication treatment technologies in field of signal processing, in particular to one kind to be tired out based on high-order
The orthogonal space time packet blind-identification method of accumulated amount.
Background technology
MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) system is the key that in the next generation wireless communication decorum
Technology.Wherein, the blind recognition problem of Space-Time Block Coding (STBC) receives more and more attention.The orthogonality of Space-Time Block Coding
Identification is as a major issue, also few people's research.Space-Time Block Coding orthogonality identification be Space-Time Block Coding identification and
The premise of estimation, it is determined that the orthogonal property of Space-Time Block Coding is convenient for the state modulator for being identified and being estimated using the characteristic.
At present, the research of Space-Time Block Coding orthogonality identification problem at home and abroad only has two articles.Periodical《Telecommunications
Report》Document of volume 33 in 2012《Real orthogonal space time packet blind recognition based on independent component analysis》Before identification, adopt first
Channel estimation is carried out, then carry out orthogonal property identification with FastICA algorithms, and the algorithm can only be directed to the real orthogonal empty time-division
Group code does not account for the situation of complex signal；Periodical《Piezoelectricity and acousto-optic》Document of volume 34 in 2012《A kind of orthogonal space time group
Code blind-identification method》Constant modulus algorithm estimating channel information is employed first.The shortcoming of both algorithms is the letter of estimation
Road information usually contains error, the unobvious showed under high s/n ratio, but under low signal-to-noise ratio, the error that channel estimation generates
It is affected for the recognition result of STBC.
Invention content
Present disclosure is under the conditions of total blindness, considers the influence of channel and noise for signal, is not estimating channel
STBC orthogonality identifications are carried out in the case of information and signal code matrix.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions：By using Higher Order Cumulants
Denoising characteristic eliminate noise influence；Consider influence of the channel for simulation result, the docking collection of letters number carries out a whitening processing, makes
Obtaining channel information does not influence the fourth order cumulant form of STBC；By the fourth order cumulant for observing the reception signal after whitening processing
Diagonal property judge whether emitted STBC orthogonal, be orthogonal if the fourth order cumulant of signal is diagonal matrix after albefaction
STBC, it is orthogonal with the STBC needed for completing for nonopiate STBC if the fourth order cumulant of the signal after albefaction is non-diagonal battle array
Property identification.
The denoising method for acoustic based on Higher Order Cumulants is：Higher Order Cumulants (the exponent number of the gaussian signal of zero-mean
It can ignore influence of the noise for observation substantially more than 2) equal to zero, the fourth order cumulant of signal is received by observation.It examines
Consider arbitrary zero-mean gaussian stochastic variable x~N (μ, σ2), μ=0, σ ＞ 0.Its fisrt feature function (moment function) is φ (w), the
Two characteristic functions (accumulation flow function) are ψ (w), and accumulation flow function is
The reception signal whitening processing method is：It is assumed that receiving terminal has nrA reception antenna, nr×ntTie up matrix H
For quasi-static flat fading channel, and nr＞ nt, i.e. channel matrix is sequency spectrum square, and noise is for additive noise and with emitting signal
Independently of each other, then the n that k-th of reception arrivesr× L dimension STBC matrixes YkIt is represented by：Yk=HC (S)+Bk, wherein C (S) is
Emit signal, nr× L ties up matrix BkIt is 0 that=[b (1) ... b (L)], which is mean value, variance σ2Multiple Gauss noise matrix, b (i) is
nrDimensional vector.Then exist：It is assumed that nr×nrTie up the covariance that matrix R is noiseless received signal HC (S)
Matrix, i.e.,Then：
R=HE [C (S) C (S)H]HH=LHHH
Since channel matrix H is sequency spectrum matrix, the order of symmetrical matrix R is nt, therefore diagonalization can be carried out to matrix R：R=
UΛUH, wherein, U nr×ntMatrix is tieed up, is metΛ is nt×ntDiagonal matrix is tieed up, channel H is represented by
Wherein WHFor nt×ntTie up full rank unitary matrice.K-th of reception signal model can be expressed as
Obtained unitary matrice WHResult of calculation will not be influenced in calculating process is carried out.
It is described to judge what is emitted by observing the diagonal property of the fourth order cumulant of the reception signal after whitening processing
Whether STBC is orthogonal：Consider that there is ntThe Space-Time Block Coding of a transmitting antenna, symbol numbers to be launched are n, S=[s1,s2…sn]T
To emit signal, siFor wherein i-th of symbol, each symbol is independently distributed, and is divided between one group of Space-Time Block Coding required time of transmitting
L, space-time block coded matrix dimension are nt×L.Take the sequence that length is 2nBy the real and imaginary parts of S
It represents in a column vector simultaneously, then the n of transmitting terminalt× L dimension matrixes can be expressed as：Wherein
nt× 2n ties up matrix Ai(0 ＜ i≤L) represents the encoder matrix of transmitting terminal.It is assumed that transmission signal is by quadrature phase shift keying
(QPSK) independent same distribution signal, the then real and imaginary parts for transmitting signal s meet：It is right
The variation W of noiseless received signalHC (S) calculates each rank cumulant.The n that k-th of reception arrivest× 1 dimension noiseless letter
Number it is：Xk=WHCu(Sv)=WHAuSv.Wherein, u=kmodL, v=[k/L] (mod represents complementation, and [] represents rounding).Assuming that altogether
M group space-time coded signals are transmitted, then total transmission time interval number is l=mL, 0≤k ＜ l.The then second order of noise-free signal
Cumulant is：
Wherein β is constant.The Fourth-order moment of noiseless received signal is
For a constant, α is set as, then
Therefore, the fourth order cumulant of OSTBCWherein c be constant, c42xFor diagonal matrix.
Since the fourth order cumulant for receiving signal can ignore the influence of noise, if transmitting signal is OSTBC, the four of signal is received
Rank cumulant c42For diagonal matrix.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
(1) orthogonality of Space-Time Block Coding can be identified under the conditions of relatively low signal-to-noise ratio.
(2) it can consider that channel and noise are identified for receiving the influence of signal under the conditions of total blindness.
(3) Space-Time Block Coding can be identified on the basis of not needing to pre-estimate channel information.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the overview flow chart of the method for the invention；
Fig. 2 is the orthogonal probability distribution of fourth order cumulant matrix of five kinds of STBC under signal-to-noise ratio -15dB；
Fig. 3 is the recognition effect under different sampled signal numbers；
Fig. 4 is recognition effect under different reception antenna numbers；
Fig. 5 is recognition effect under different modulating mode.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Fig. 1 is the overview flow chart of the present invention, and the present embodiment the method realizes that process is as follows：
(1) it samples, initialization data；
(3) diagonalization processing is carried out to matrix R：R=U Λ UH；
(5) according to formulaCalculate k-th of reception signal model；
(6) it asks for receiving signalFourth order cumulant c42xIf c42xFor diagonal matrix, then it is determined as orthogonal space time group
Code, is otherwise non-orthogonal space-time block；
(7) it repeats step 1~step 6 and carries out 1000 Monte Carlo simulations, calculate identification probability.
In embodiment unless otherwise specified, simulation parameter is set as follows：Operation is identified to five kinds of difference STBC：
(1) emit signal as Alamouti Space-Time Block Codings, transmitting antenna number nt=2, code matrix length L=2；
(2) transmitting signal is Ganesan OSTBC, transmitting antenna number nt=3, code matrix length L=4, yard rectangular
Formula is：
(3) transmitting signal is Tarokh OSTBC, transmitting antenna number nt=3, code matrix length L=8, yard matrix form
For：
(4) transmitting signal is NOSTBC1, transmitting antenna number nt=2, code matrix length L=2, a yard matrix form are：
(5) transmitting signal is NOSTBC2, and transmitting antenna number is nt=4, code matrix length be L=4, yard matrix form
For：
Five kinds of signals carry out QPSK modulation, and reception antenna number is 6, and the sampled signal group number received is 1024 groups.
Fig. 2 is the orthogonal probability distribution of fourth order cumulant matrix of five kinds of STBC under signal-to-noise ratio -15dB.Three kinds of OSTBC
Respectively when signal-to-noise ratio is -5dB, the diagonal rate of fourth order cumulant starts to level off to 1, when signal-to-noise ratio is more than -3dB, three kinds of OSTBC
Diagonal rate it is constant be 1；The c of two kinds of NOSTBC42xSubstantially all is non-diagonal matrix.Illustrate proposed in this paper based on high-order to tire out
The OSTBC recognition methods distinction of accumulated amount is good, stability is high.
Fig. 3 is the recognition effect under different sampled signal numbers.Sampled signal number takes 512,1024,2048 and 4096 respectively,
Alamouti STBC are emulated in the case where signal-to-noise ratio is -15dB~0dB.Illustrate that sampled signal number there are OSTBC discriminations
Larger impact, the sampled signal the more more are conducive to identify.
Fig. 4 is recognition effect under different reception antenna numbers.Reception antenna number takes 2,3,4,5,6 respectively, signal-to-noise ratio for-
Alamouti STBC are emulated under 15dB~0dB.As reception antenna number increases, the orthogonal knowledge of Alamouti STBC
Other probability increase.
Fig. 5 is recognition effect under different modulating mode.It is modulated respectively using BPSK, QPSK and 8PSK, in signal-to-noise ratio
To be emulated under 15dB~10dB to Alamouti STBC.It can be seen that this method transmits signal to different modulation systems
Recognition Different it is little.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of orthogonal space time packet blind-identification method based on Higher Order Cumulants, it is characterised in that：Tire out by using high-order
The method of accumulated amount eliminates noise docking and receives signal interference；Specifically, the docking collection of letters number carries out a whitening processing, is received after asking for albefaction
The fourth order cumulant of signal judges whether Space-Time Block Coding is orthogonal by the diagonal property of fourth order cumulant, required with completion
Space-Time Block Coding orthogonality identifies.
2. a kind of orthogonal space time packet blind-identification method based on Higher Order Cumulants according to claim 1, feature
It is that the interference of the elimination noise docking collection of letters number of the Higher Order Cumulants refers to：The high-order for being derived by reception signal tires out
The expression formula of accumulated amount, the Higher Order Cumulants of white Gaussian noise are zero, and the fourth order cumulant of random signal is not zero, and eliminates and makes an uproar
The interference of the sound docking collection of letters number.
3. a kind of orthogonal space time packet blind-identification method based on Higher Order Cumulants according to claim 1, feature
It is that the docking collection of letters whitening processing refers to：The channel information received in signal is converted into the form of unitary matrice, by
It is unit matrix in unitary matrice and its Hermitian matrix products, eliminates channel information to fourth order cumulant matrix form
Influence.
4. a kind of orthogonal space time packet blind-identification method based on Higher Order Cumulants according to claim 1, feature
It is, it is described to judge whether Space-Time Block Coding is orthogonal and refer to：The fourth order cumulant of the reception signal after albefaction is asked for, if receiving
The fourth order cumulant of signal is diagonal matrix, then emits signal as orthogonal space time packet, if non-diagonal matrix, then emit letter
Number be non-orthogonal space-time block.
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Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
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| Blind Channel Estimation for STBC Systems;Vincent Choqueuse等;《IEEETRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS 》;20110228;第10卷(第1期);第495-504页 * |
| OSTBC信号累积量的特征分析;赵知劲等;《电路与系统学报》;20130228;第18卷(第1期);第150-154页 * |
| 直接正交联合对角化盲分离算法;程光辉等;《电子科技大学学报》;20140531;第43卷(第3期);第359-362页 * |
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