CN109950685B - High-gain circular polarization radial line slot antenna with inclined wave beams - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-gain circular polarization radial line slot antenna with inclined wave beams, which comprises a single-layer microwave dielectric plate, a plurality of groups of rectangular slot pairs and a coaxial feed probe for introducing capacitive components, wherein the single-layer microwave dielectric plate is provided with a plurality of groups of rectangular slot pairs; the plurality of groups of rectangular gaps are spirally arranged around a central point O of the single-layer microwave dielectric substrate, and the coaxial feed probe introducing the capacitive component is positioned at the point O; each group of gap pairs consists of two rectangular gaps which are perpendicular to each other and have gaps between the two rectangular gaps, and the coupling factor of each group of gaps is adjusted by changing the length and the width of each rectangular gap; the coaxial feed probe introduces a capacitive component by etching an annular slot in the dielectric slab. The invention realizes a high-gain circularly polarized antenna array, the circularly polarized form, the beam deflection angle direction and the beam deflection angle can be flexibly adjusted, and the antenna has the advantages of simple integral structure, convenient processing and low cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and particularly relates to a high-gain circularly polarized radial line slot antenna with inclined wave beams.
Background
Antennas, which are devices for radiating and receiving electromagnetic waves, have a significant role in radio devices such as communications, radars, navigation, and broadcasting, by connecting a free space and a guided wave. The quality of the antenna performance directly determines the quality of signal transmission of the wireless communication equipment. With the rapid development of wireless communication, antennas are widely used in military and civil fields, and the required performance of the antennas is increasingly diversified. At present, the modern electronic information technology is developed rapidly, and as an important part in radio communication, an antenna gets more and more attention, the theory is mature day by day, the method is more various, and the method has a wider prospect.
With the development of technologies such as communication detection, remote sensing and remote sensing, the antenna has higher and higher polarization requirements in the face of various weather conditions and geographic requirements. Circularly polarized antennas have many advantages not found with linearly polarized antennas. The circular polarization has rotation orthogonality; polarization distortion can be eliminated; the antenna can receive electromagnetic waves with any polarization and can be received by an antenna with any polarization; rain and fog interference resistance brought by rotation direction reversion; multipath reflections can be suppressed. Due to these advantages of circularly polarized waves, circularly polarized antennas are widely used in the fields of long-distance radiation in complex environments and requiring high precision, such as electronic reconnaissance and interference, radar detection, satellite communication and navigation, etc.
The radial line array antenna is a common implementation form of a high-gain array antenna and is divided into two types, namely a radial line slot array antenna and a radial line probe feed array antenna. Since the radial line antenna has been proposed, it has been widely used in the fields of satellite reception, communication broadcasting, and space exploration due to its efficient characteristics of power feeding and radiation. Compared with a radial line probe feed antenna, the radial line slot antenna has the advantages of simplicity and convenience in processing and low cost in the high-gain field. However, the radiation direction of the existing circularly polarized radial line slot antenna is usually in the axial direction of the antenna, and in some current application fields, such as detection guidance, electronic reconnaissance, etc., the radiation beam of the antenna is often required to have a certain deflection angle.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-gain circular polarization radial line slot antenna with a tilted wave beam, which has a simple structure and low cost.
The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: a high-gain circular polarization radial line slot antenna with inclined wave beams comprises a single-layer microwave dielectric substrate, a plurality of groups of rectangular slot pairs and a coaxial feed probe for introducing capacitive components; the plurality of groups of rectangular gaps are spirally arranged around a central point O of the single-layer microwave dielectric substrate, and coaxial feed probes introducing capacitive components are positioned at the central point O;
each group of rectangular gap pairs consists of two rectangular gaps which have the same size and are vertical to each other, a gap exists between the two rectangular gaps, and the coupling factor is adjusted by changing the length and the width of the rectangle; the coaxial feed probe for introducing the capacitive component comprises a short-circuit coaxial feed probe and an annular gap for introducing the capacitive component, the short-circuit coaxial feed probe is positioned at the central point O and penetrates through the single-layer microwave dielectric substrate, and the annular gap surrounds the short-circuit coaxial feed probe and is positioned on the upper surface of the single-layer microwave dielectric substrate by taking the central point O as the center of a circle.
The sizes of the rectangular gap pairs from the starting rectangular gap pair arranged in a spiral manner to the last but one turn are in increasing trend change so as to obtain uniform aperture distribution; the sizes of all the rectangular gap pairs on the outermost circle are consistent, the normalized radiation energy of each group of rectangular gap pairs is larger than a threshold value p, and the value of p is more than 0 and less than 1.
Further, the circular polarization form, the beam deflection angle direction and the size of the antenna are adjustable, and the method comprises the following steps:
the circular polarization form of the antenna is adjustable, and the circular polarization form of the antenna is particularly adjustable by changing the direction of spirally arranging a plurality of groups of rectangular gaps around the central point O of the single-layer microwave dielectric substrate.
The beam deflection angle direction of the antenna is adjustable, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
in the O-shaped arrangement of the central points of the plurality of groups of rectangular gap pairs around the single-layer microwave medium substrate, each circle of rectangular gap pairs is regarded as a sub-array; each subarray is translated in a certain direction perpendicular to the initial radiation direction of the antenna, and therefore the adjustment of the beam deflection angle direction of the antenna can be achieved; the initial radiation direction of the antenna is the axial direction of the antenna.
The beam deflection angle of the antenna is adjustable, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the adjustment of the beam deflection angle of the antenna is realized by changing the translation distance of each subarray, which specifically comprises the following steps:
starting from a central point O, sequentially numbering the subarrays along the radial direction of the spiral arrangement to be 1,2, …, N, N is the number of the subarrays, and according to the required beam deflection angle theta0The progressive phase θ (n) of the nth sub-array is obtained as:
θ(n)＝nkdsinθ0
wherein k is the wave number, θ0Is the beam deflection angle, d is the array element spacing, i.e. the radial distance of the slot pair, and is numerically the waveguide wavelength λg；
Determining the translation distance of each sub-array according to the progressive phase, wherein the translation distance deltad (n) of the nth sub-array is as follows:
compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages: 1) according to the invention, the sizes of the rectangular gap pairs from the starting rectangular gap pair in the spiral distribution to the last but one circle are in increasing trend change, so that uniform aperture distribution is obtained, and high gain can be realized; 2) the invention is realized on a single-layer dielectric plate, and the section is low; 3) according to the invention, a proper capacitive component is introduced into the feed port, so that the field distribution of a main mode TEM mode of the radial waveguide is not interfered while an inductive component caused by the short-circuit probe is counteracted, the impedance matching of the feed port is realized, and the processing is easy; 4) the invention can realize beam deflection angles in different directions and sizes by adjusting the translation direction and size of each circle of gap pair, and has flexible design; 5) the high-gain circularly polarized radial line slot antenna array with inclined wave beams can be realized by etching the rectangular slots on the single-layer dielectric plate, and has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in processing and low cost.
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a beam tilted high-gain circularly polarized radial slot antenna according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the principle of beam tilting of the high-gain circularly polarized radial slot antenna for beam tilting according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the S of a high-gain circular polarization radial slot antenna with tilted beams according to an embodiment of the present invention11And (5) parameter schematic diagram.
FIG. 4 is a graph of the gain direction of a beam tilted high-gain circularly polarized radial slot antenna 35GHz in an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 5 is an axial ratio plot of a beam tilted high-gain circularly polarized radial slot antenna in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a graph of gain versus frequency for a beam tilted high-gain circularly polarized radial slot antenna in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
With reference to fig. 1, the beam-tilted high-gain circularly polarized radial slot antenna of the present invention includes a single-layer microwave dielectric substrate 1, a plurality of sets of rectangular slot pairs 2, and a coaxial feed probe for introducing capacitive components; the plurality of groups of rectangular gap pairs 2 are spirally arranged around a central point O of the single-layer microwave dielectric substrate 1, and the coaxial feed probe introducing the capacitive component is positioned at the central point O;
each group of rectangular gap pairs 2 consists of two rectangular gaps which have the same size and are vertical to each other, a gap exists between the two rectangular gaps, and the coupling factor is adjusted by changing the length and the width of the rectangle; the coaxial feed probe for introducing the capacitive component comprises a short-circuit coaxial feed probe 3 and an annular gap 4 for introducing the capacitive component, the short-circuit coaxial feed probe 3 is positioned at a central point O and penetrates through the single-layer microwave dielectric substrate 1, and the annular gap 4 surrounds the short-circuit coaxial feed probe 3 and is positioned on the upper surface of the single-layer microwave dielectric substrate 1 by taking the central point O as a circle center.
Further, the sizes of the rectangular gap pairs 2 from the initial rectangular gap pair 2 in the spiral arrangement to the last but one turn are in increasing trend change to obtain uniform aperture distribution; the sizes of all the rectangular gap pairs 2 at the outermost circle are consistent, and the normalized radiation energy of each group of rectangular gap pairs 2 is larger than a threshold value p, so that reflected waves are reduced, and the efficiency is improved, wherein the value of p is more than 0 and less than 1.
Exemplary preferably, p is 0.9.
Furthermore, the circular polarization form of the antenna is adjustable, and specifically, the circular polarization form of the antenna is adjustable by changing the direction in which the plurality of groups of rectangular slot pairs 2 are spirally arranged around the central point O of the single-layer microwave dielectric substrate 1.
Illustratively, a plurality of groups of rectangular slot pairs 2 are arranged around a central point O of the single-layer microwave dielectric substrate 1 in a clockwise spiral manner, and the circular polarization form of the beam-tilted high-gain circular polarization radial slot antenna is left-handed circular polarization;
or exemplarily, a plurality of groups of rectangular slot pairs 2 are spirally arranged around the central point O of the single-layer microwave dielectric substrate 1 in a counterclockwise manner, and the circular polarization form of the beam-tilted high-gain circular polarization radial slot antenna is right-hand circular polarization.
Further, the beam deflection angle direction of the antenna is adjustable, and with reference to fig. 2, the following specifically shows:
in the spiral arrangement of a plurality of groups of rectangular gap pairs 2 around the central point O of the single-layer microwave dielectric substrate 1, each circle of rectangular gap pairs 2 is a subarray; each subarray is translated in a certain direction perpendicular to the initial radiation direction of the antenna, and therefore the adjustment of the beam deflection angle direction of the antenna can be achieved; the initial radiation direction of the antenna is the axial direction of the antenna.
Further, the beam deflection angle of the antenna is adjustable, specifically:
the adjustment of the beam deflection angle of the antenna is realized by changing the translation distance of each subarray, which specifically comprises the following steps:
starting from a central point O, sequentially numbering the subarrays along the radial direction of the spiral arrangement to be 1,2, … N, wherein N is the number of the subarrays, and according to the required beam deflection angle theta0The progressive phase θ (n) of the nth sub-array is obtained as:
θ(n)＝nkdsinθ0
wherein k is the wave number, θ0Is the beam deflection angle, d is the array element spacing, i.e. the radial distance of the slot pair, and is numerically the waveguide wavelength λg；
Determining the translation distance of each sub-array according to the progressive phase, wherein the translation distance deltad (n) of the nth sub-array is as follows:
furthermore, the antenna introduces capacitive components by adjusting the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the annular gap 4, so that impedance matching of the feed port is realized, and in the process, the inductive components caused by the short-circuit probe are counteracted, and meanwhile, no interference is caused on the field distribution of the main mode TEM mode of the radial waveguide.
Illustratively, the single-layer microwave dielectric substrate 1 is made of a Rogers RT 5880 commercial plate.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Examples
In this embodiment, the selected antenna array includes 737 sets of rectangular slot pair units, and the operating frequency is 35 GHz. 737 groups of rectangular slot pairs have coupling factors controlled by different lengths and widths, each group of slot pairs comprises two mutually perpendicular rectangular slots, and the two rectangular slot pairs are arranged around the central point O of the single-layer microwave dielectric substrate in an approximately clockwise spiral line to radiate left-handed circularly polarized waves; the 1 coaxial feed probe introducing the capacitive component is positioned at the central point O and comprises a short-circuit coaxial feed probe and an annular gap taking the central point O as the center of a circle.
737 groups of rectangular gap pairs have different sizes, and from the gap close to the point O, the size of the front 594 groups of gap pairs is changed in an increasing mode under a certain rule, and the gaps with different sizes on the aperture surface are distributed approximately uniformly in aperture, so that high gain is obtained; the sizes of the rear 143 groups of gap pairs are consistent, the normalized radiation energy of each group of gap pairs is guaranteed to be larger than 0.9, reflected waves are reduced, and efficiency is improved.
737 the positions of the groups of rectangular slits are arranged on the basis of the initial basic spiral line, the influence of respective radiation phases of different slits is corrected, and the position of each slit is finely adjusted in the radial direction; with reference to fig. 2, by translating each slot pair of approximately one turn in a certain direction perpendicular to the initial radiation direction of the antenna, a progressive phase difference is obtained, and beam tilt is achieved. Considering the slot pair of approximately one turn as a sub-array, the initial radiation direction of the antenna is the z-axis direction, and in order to obtain a beam deflection angle of 3 ° in the y-axis direction in this embodiment, the translation distance Δ d (n) of the nth sub-array in the y-axis direction is n × 0.23 mm.
An annular gap is etched around the short-circuit coaxial feed probe to introduce a capacitive component, and the inner diameter of the annular gap is adjusted to be 1.2mm, and the outer diameter of the annular gap is adjusted to be 1.6mm, so that impedance matching is achieved.
In this embodiment, the aperture of the antenna is 150mm, the width of the front 594 slot pairs is 0.3mm, the length range is 2-2.91mm, and the width of the rear 143 slot pairs is 0.4mm, and the length is 3.28 mm. The antenna dielectric plate is made of a Rogers RT 5880 commercial plate with the dielectric constant of 2.2, the loss tangent of 0.0009 and the thickness of 1.57 mm.
Referring to FIG. 3, a high gain circle for beam tilt according to an embodiment of the present inventionPolarized radial line slot antenna S11Parameter graphs show that the antenna achieves good impedance matching in the bandwidth of 33-37 GHz.
Referring to fig. 4, a graph of a gain pattern at 35GHz of the high-gain circular polarization radial slot antenna with tilted beams according to the embodiment of the present invention shows that the beam deflection angle of the antenna in the y-axis direction is 3 °, and the left-hand circular polarization gain is 32.5 dBic.
Referring to fig. 5, an axial ratio graph of the high-gain circular polarization radial slot antenna with tilted beams according to the embodiment of the present invention shows that the antenna maintains good circular polarization characteristics in the bandwidth of 33-37 GHz.
Referring to fig. 6, a graph of the gain of the high-gain circular polarization radial slot antenna with tilted beams according to the embodiment of the present invention along with the change of frequency shows that the 3dB gain bandwidth of the antenna is 34.2-36.5 GHz.
As can be seen from the above, the high-gain circular polarization radial slot antenna with tilted beam not only realizes high-gain circular polarization radiation on a single-layer dielectric slab, but also obtains a beam deflection angle of 3 ° in the y-axis direction.
In conclusion, the circularly polarized radial line slot antenna has high gain, the circularly polarized form, the beam deflection angle direction and the beam deflection angle can be flexibly adjusted, and the antenna has the advantages of simple integral structure, convenience in processing and low cost.
Claims (7)
1. A high-gain circular polarization radial line slot antenna with inclined wave beams is characterized by comprising a single-layer microwave dielectric substrate (1), a plurality of groups of rectangular slot pairs (2) and a coaxial feed probe for introducing capacitive components; the microwave dielectric substrate comprises a single-layer microwave dielectric substrate (1), a plurality of groups of rectangular gap pairs (2), a plurality of coaxial feed probes and a plurality of groups of coaxial feed probes, wherein the plurality of groups of rectangular gap pairs (2) are spirally arranged around a central point O of the single-layer microwave dielectric substrate (1), and the coaxial feed probes introducing capacitive components are positioned at the central point O;
each group of rectangular gap pairs (2) consists of two rectangular gaps which are the same in size and perpendicular to each other, a gap exists between the two rectangular gaps, and the coupling factor is adjusted by changing the length and the width of the rectangle; the coaxial feed probe for introducing the capacitive component comprises a short-circuit coaxial feed probe (3) and an annular gap (4) for introducing the capacitive component, the short-circuit coaxial feed probe (3) is positioned at a central point O and penetrates through the single-layer microwave dielectric substrate (1), and the annular gap (4) surrounds the short-circuit coaxial feed probe (3) and is positioned on the upper surface of the single-layer microwave dielectric substrate (1) by taking the central point O as a circle center;
the beam deflection angle direction of the antenna is adjustable, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
in the O-shaped arrangement of a plurality of groups of rectangular gap pairs (2) around the central point of the single-layer microwave medium substrate (1), each circle of rectangular gap pairs (2) is regarded as a sub-array; each subarray is translated in a certain direction perpendicular to the initial radiation direction of the antenna, and therefore the adjustment of the beam deflection angle direction of the antenna can be achieved; the initial radiation direction of the antenna is the axial direction of the antenna;
the beam deflection angle of the antenna is adjustable, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the adjustment of the beam deflection angle of the antenna is realized by changing the translation distance of each subarray, which specifically comprises the following steps:
starting from a central point O, sequentially numbering the subarrays along the radial direction of the spiral arrangement to be 1,2, …, N, N is the number of the subarrays, and according to the required beam deflection angle theta0The progressive phase θ (n) of the nth sub-array is obtained as:
θ(n)＝nkd sinθ0
wherein k is the wave number, θ0D is the array element spacing, i.e. the radial distance of the slot pair, and is numerically the waveguide wavelength λg；
Determining the translation distance of each sub-array according to the progressive phase, wherein the translation distance deltad (n) of the nth sub-array is as follows:
2. the beam tilted high-gain circularly polarized radial slot antenna according to claim 1, wherein the size of the pair of rectangular slots (2) starting from the starting pair of rectangular slots (2) arranged in a spiral until the second last turn shows an increasing trend in order to obtain a uniform aperture distribution; the sizes of all the rectangular gap pairs (2) at the outermost circle are consistent, the normalized radiation energy of each group of rectangular gap pairs (2) is larger than a threshold value p, and the value of p is more than 0 and less than 1.
3. The beam tilted high-gain circularly polarized radial slot antenna according to claim 2, wherein p is 0.9.
4. The beam tilted high-gain circularly polarized radial slot antenna according to claim 2, wherein the circular polarization form of the antenna is adjustable, in particular by changing the direction in which the plurality of sets of rectangular slot pairs (2) are arranged spirally around the center point O of the single-layer microwave dielectric substrate (1).
5. The beam tilted high-gain circularly polarized radial slot antenna according to claim 4, wherein the plurality of sets of rectangular slot pairs (2) are arranged spirally clockwise around the center point O of the single-layer microwave dielectric substrate (1), and the circular polarization form of the beam tilted high-gain circularly polarized radial slot antenna is left-handed circular polarization;
or a plurality of groups of rectangular slot pairs (2) are spirally arranged around the central point O of the single-layer microwave medium substrate (1) in a counterclockwise manner, and the circular polarization form of the high-gain circular polarization radial line slot antenna with the inclined wave beams is right-hand circular polarization.
6. The beam tilted high-gain circularly polarized radial slot antenna according to claim 1, wherein the antenna introduces capacitive components by adjusting the inner and outer diameter of the annular slot (4) to achieve impedance matching of the feed port.
7. The beam tilted high-gain circularly polarized radial slot antenna according to claim 1, wherein the single-layer microwave dielectric substrate (1) is made of a Rogers RT 5880 commercial sheet material.
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| CN102576942A (en) * | 2009-09-04 | 2012-07-11 | 日本电气东芝太空系统株式会社 | Radial line slot array antenna |
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| CN102576942A (en) * | 2009-09-04 | 2012-07-11 | 日本电气东芝太空系统株式会社 | Radial line slot array antenna |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 《Basic Design of Beam Tilting Radial Line Slot Antennas》;M. Takahashi et-al;《IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium. 1995 Digest》;19950623;第1384-1387页 * |
| 《单层基片圆极化波导缝隙天线的研究》;殷玉凤;《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库（电子期刊）》;20190115;正文29-49页 * |
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