CN109946126B - A high-throughput experimental method to obtain the relationship between plastic forming process and properties of alloy materials - Google Patents
A high-throughput experimental method to obtain the relationship between plastic forming process and properties of alloy materials Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109946126B CN109946126B CN201910160691.4A CN201910160691A CN109946126B CN 109946126 B CN109946126 B CN 109946126B CN 201910160691 A CN201910160691 A CN 201910160691A CN 109946126 B CN109946126 B CN 109946126B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- sample
- performance
- plastic forming
- truncated
- alloy material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012203 high throughput assay Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 74
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000682719 Adina Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009510 drug design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010353 genetic engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001568 sexual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Landscapes
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种获取合金材料塑性成形工艺及性能关系的高通量实验方法。该方法包括：提供由合金材料形成的圆台形试样；在预定温度下，将圆台形试样沿中心轴线进行压缩，得到变形后试样；对变形后试样进行淬火，得到淬火后试样；将淬火后试样以对称面剖分，并在得到的剖面的对称轴上选取多个标志位置；对各个标志位置进行性能测试，通过各个标志位置的性能测试结果表征合金材料在塑性成形工艺下的性能。该高通量实验方法可通过一个试样上的不同标志位置获取不同塑性成形工艺对应的组织及性能，实验效率高，能够为工艺优化快速提供数据和理论支持，对合金材料的成形性能研究、工艺路线优化以及材料的“按需设计”具有重要意义。
The invention discloses a high-throughput experimental method for obtaining the plastic forming process and performance relationship of alloy materials. The method includes: providing a truncated truncated sample formed of an alloy material; at a predetermined temperature, compressing the truncated truncated sample along a central axis to obtain a deformed sample; quenching the deformed sample to obtain a quenched sample ; Divide the quenched sample into a symmetrical plane, and select a plurality of marking positions on the symmetry axis of the obtained section; perform performance testing on each marking position, and characterize the plastic forming process of the alloy material through the performance test results of each marking position. performance below. The high-throughput experimental method can obtain the microstructure and properties corresponding to different plastic forming processes through different marking positions on a sample, and has high experimental efficiency, which can quickly provide data and theoretical support for process optimization, and can provide data and theoretical support for the forming performance of alloy materials. Process route optimization and "design-on-demand" of materials are of great significance.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及先进制造技术领域，具体而言，本发明涉及一种获取合金材料塑性成形工艺及性能关系的高通量实验方法。The invention relates to the technical field of advanced manufacturing, and in particular, the invention relates to a high-throughput experimental method for obtaining the relationship between plastic forming processes and properties of alloy materials.
背景技术Background technique
材料的工艺过程对材料的微观组织演变和最终的成形力学性能具有重要影响。但是，按照传统的实验方法去研究工艺过程对最终材料成形力学性能的影响规律时间长、成本高。因此，变革传统材料研发模式是目前国际新材料研究的趋势，在“材料基因工程”中提出了高通量计算、高通量实验和大数据技术三要素协同工作的材料研究和开发新模式，其中高通量实验方法是指理性设计指导下的高效实验。The technological process of the material has an important influence on the microstructure evolution of the material and the final forming mechanical properties. However, it takes a long time and high cost to study the influence of the process on the mechanical properties of the final material according to the traditional experimental method. Therefore, it is the current trend of international new materials research to change the traditional material research and development model. In "Material Genetic Engineering", a new material research and development model with three elements of high-throughput computing, high-throughput experiment and big data technology is proposed. Among them, high-throughput experimental methods refer to efficient experiments under the guidance of rational design.
传统研究合金材料塑性成形工艺的实验方法每次只能研究一种温度和应变速率对应的工况，效率低下，不适用于高通量实验要求。因此，现有的研究合金材料塑性成形工艺的实验方法仍有待改进。The traditional experimental method to study the plastic forming process of alloy materials can only study one working condition corresponding to temperature and strain rate at a time, which is inefficient and not suitable for high-throughput experimental requirements. Therefore, the existing experimental methods for studying the plastic forming process of alloy materials still need to be improved.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明旨在至少在一定程度上解决相关技术中的技术问题之一。为此，本发明的一个目的在于提出获取合金材料塑性成形工艺及性能关系的高通量实验方法。该高通量实验方法可通过一个试样上的不同标志位置获取不同塑性成形工艺对应的组织及性能，实验效率高，能够为工艺优化快速提供数据和理论支持，对合金材料的成形性能研究、工艺路线优化以及材料的“按需设计”具有重要意义。The present invention aims to solve one of the technical problems in the related art at least to a certain extent. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to propose a high-throughput experimental method for obtaining the relationship between the plastic forming process and the performance of alloy materials. The high-throughput experimental method can obtain the microstructure and properties corresponding to different plastic forming processes through different marking positions on a sample, and has high experimental efficiency, which can quickly provide data and theoretical support for process optimization, and can provide data and theoretical support for the forming performance of alloy materials. Process route optimization and "design-on-demand" of materials are of great significance.
在本发明的一个方面，本发明提出了一种获取合金材料塑性成形工艺及性能关系的高通量实验方法。根据本发明的实施例，该高通量实验方法包括：(1)提供由合金材料形成的圆台形试样；(2)在预定温度下，将所述圆台形试样沿中心轴线进行压缩，得到变形后试样；(3)对所述变形后试样进行淬火，得到淬火后试样；(4)将所述淬火后试样以对称面剖分，并在得到的剖面的对称轴上选取多个标志位置；(5)对各个所述标志位置进行性能测试，通过各个所述标志位置的性能测试结果表征所述合金材料在塑性成形工艺下的性能。In one aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a high-throughput experimental method for obtaining the relationship between plastic forming process and performance of alloy materials. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the high-throughput experimental method includes: (1) providing a frustum-shaped sample formed of an alloy material; (2) compressing the frustum-shaped sample along a central axis at a predetermined temperature, Obtaining a deformed sample; (3) quenching the deformed sample to obtain a quenched sample; (4) dividing the quenched sample with a symmetry plane, and on the symmetry axis of the obtained section Select a plurality of marking positions; (5) perform a performance test on each of the marking positions, and characterize the performance of the alloy material under the plastic forming process through the performance test results of each of the marking positions.
根据本发明实施例的获取合金材料塑性成形工艺及性能关系的高通量实验方法，以合金材料形成的圆台形试样为研究对象，通过对圆台形试样的上底和下底沿中心轴线进行压缩，使试样变形；通过对变形后试样进行淬火，可以固定试样的微观组织，以便于后续进行性能测试。进一步地，将淬火后的试样以对称面剖分，并在得到的剖面的对称轴上选取多个标志位置，各个标志位置在压缩过程中所承受应力不同，将发生不同特征的应变(即经历不同的塑性成形工艺路径)。通过对各个标志位置进行性能测试，即可高效地获得不同塑性成形工艺所对应的性能测试结果。由此，本发明的获取合金材料塑性成形工艺及性能关系的高通量实验方法可以快速建立合金材料成形工艺路径与性能直接的关系，克服了现有实验技术每次只能得到一种工艺对应性能的不足，提高了实验效率，可以为工艺优化快速提供数据和理论支持，对合金材料的成形性能研究、工艺路线优化以及材料的“按需设计”具有重要意义。According to the high-throughput experimental method for obtaining the plastic forming process and performance relationship of alloy materials according to the embodiment of the present invention, the truncated truncated sample formed by the alloy material is taken as the research object, Compression is performed to deform the sample; by quenching the deformed sample, the microstructure of the sample can be fixed for subsequent performance testing. Further, the quenched sample is divided into symmetrical planes, and a plurality of marking positions are selected on the symmetry axis of the obtained section. The stress of each marking position during the compression process is different, and strains with different characteristics will occur (i.e. undergo different plastic forming process paths). The performance test results corresponding to different plastic forming processes can be efficiently obtained by performing performance tests on each marking position. Therefore, the high-throughput experimental method for obtaining the relationship between the plastic forming process and the performance of the alloy material of the present invention can quickly establish the direct relationship between the forming process path and the performance of the alloy material, overcoming that the existing experimental technology can only obtain one process corresponding to each time. The lack of performance improves the experimental efficiency, can quickly provide data and theoretical support for process optimization, and is of great significance to the research on the formability of alloy materials, the optimization of process routes, and the "design on demand" of materials.
另外，根据本发明上述实施例的获取合金材料塑性成形工艺及性能关系的高通量实验方法还可以具有如下附加的技术特征：In addition, the high-throughput experimental method for obtaining the plastic forming process and performance relationship of the alloy material according to the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention may also have the following additional technical features:
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述圆台形试样母线与下底所在平面所形成的夹角为65～75°。In some embodiments of the present invention, the included angle formed by the frustum-shaped sample generatrix and the plane where the lower bottom is located is 65-75°.
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述预定温度为800～1500℃。In some embodiments of the present invention, the predetermined temperature is 800-1500°C.
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述压缩中，应变速率为0.5～1.5s-1，压缩行程为所述圆台形试样长度的40～70％。In some embodiments of the present invention, in the compression, the strain rate is 0.5-1.5 s −1 , and the compression stroke is 40-70% of the length of the frustum-shaped sample.
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述标志位置包括3～9个。In some embodiments of the present invention, the marker positions include 3 to 9 positions.
在本发明的一些实施例中，多个所述标志位置在所述剖面的对称轴上等间距分布。In some embodiments of the present invention, a plurality of the marker positions are equally spaced on the symmetry axis of the cross section.
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述性能测试包括应变率测试、微观组织分布测试和显微硬度分布测试。In some embodiments of the present invention, the performance tests include strain rate tests, microstructure distribution tests, and microhardness distribution tests.
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述应变率测试中，将所述合金材料的本构方程导入有限元计算软件，通过模拟计算获得所述标志位置的应变速率随时间变化曲线。In some embodiments of the present invention, in the strain rate test, the constitutive equation of the alloy material is imported into finite element calculation software, and the curve of the strain rate of the mark position with time is obtained through simulation calculation.
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述微观组织分布测试中，预先对所述剖面进行机械抛光和金相腐蚀。In some embodiments of the present invention, in the microstructure distribution test, mechanical polishing and metallographic corrosion are performed on the section in advance.
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述显微硬度分布测试中，预先对所述剖面进行机械抛光。In some embodiments of the present invention, in the microhardness distribution test, the cross section is mechanically polished in advance.
本发明的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本发明的实践了解到。Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be set forth, in part, from the following description, and in part will be apparent from the following description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
附图说明Description of drawings
本发明的上述和/或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中：The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from the following description of embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
图1是根据本发明一个实施例的获取合金材料塑性成形工艺及性能关系的高通量实验方法流程示意图；1 is a schematic flowchart of a high-throughput experimental method for obtaining the plastic forming process and performance relationship of an alloy material according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图2是根据本发明一个实施例的圆台形试样的剖面示意图；2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a frustum-shaped sample according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图3是实施例1中的获取合金材料塑性成形工艺及性能关系的高通量实验方法流程示意图；3 is a schematic flowchart of a high-throughput experimental method for obtaining an alloy material plastic forming process and performance relationship in Example 1;
图4是实施例1中的圆台形试样变形后剖面不同标志位置的应变速率随时间变化图；4 is a graph showing the variation of the strain rate with time at different marker positions of the cross-section of the truncated circular sample after deformation in Example 1;
图5是实施例1中的圆台形试样变形后剖面不同标志位置的组织分布图；Fig. 5 is the tissue distribution diagram of the different mark positions of the cross section after the deformation of the truncated circular sample in Example 1;
图6是实施例1中的圆台形试样变形后剖面不同标志位置的显微硬度分布图。FIG. 6 is a microhardness distribution diagram of the truncated truncated sample in Example 1 after deformation at different mark positions.
附图标记说明：Description of reference numbers:
1-圆台形试样；2-恒温炉；3-压头；4-变形后试样；5-标志位置。1- frustum-shaped sample; 2- constant temperature furnace; 3- indenter; 4- sample after deformation; 5- mark position.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面详细描述本发明的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，旨在用于解释本发明，而不能理解为对本发明的限制。The following describes in detail the embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary, and are intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“上”、“下”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”、“顺时针”、“逆时针”、“轴向”、“径向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "vertical", "horizontal", The orientation or positional relationship indicated by "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", etc. is based on the orientation shown in the drawings Or the positional relationship is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.
此外，在本发明的描述中，“多个”的含义是至少两个，例如两个，三个等，除非另有明确具体的限定。In addition, in the description of the present invention, "plurality" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless expressly and specifically defined otherwise.
在本发明的一个方面，本发明提出了一种获取合金材料塑性成形工艺及性能关系的高通量实验方法。根据本发明的实施例，该高通量实验方法包括：(1)提供由合金材料形成的圆台形试样；(2)在预定温度下，将圆台形试样沿中心轴线进行压缩，得到变形后试样；(3)对变形后试样进行淬火，得到淬火后试样；(4)将淬火后试样以对称面剖分，并在得到的剖面的对称轴上选取多个标志位置；(5)对各个标志位置进行性能测试，通过各个标志位置的性能测试结果表征合金材料在塑性成形工艺下的性能。In one aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a high-throughput experimental method for obtaining the relationship between plastic forming process and performance of alloy materials. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the high-throughput experimental method includes: (1) providing a truncated cone-shaped sample formed of an alloy material; (2) compressing the truncated cone-shaped sample along a central axis at a predetermined temperature to obtain deformation (3) quenching the deformed sample to obtain the quenched sample; (4) dividing the quenched sample with a symmetrical plane, and selecting a plurality of marking positions on the symmetry axis of the obtained section; (5) The performance test of each mark position is carried out, and the performance of the alloy material under the plastic forming process is characterized by the performance test results of each mark position.
根据本发明实施例的获取合金材料塑性成形工艺及性能关系的高通量实验方法，以合金材料形成的圆台形试样为研究对象，通过对圆台形试样的上底和下底沿中心轴线进行压缩，使试样变形；通过对变形后试样进行淬火，可以固定试样的微观组织，以便于后续进行性能测试。进一步地，将淬火后的试样以对称面剖分，并在得到的剖面的对称轴上选取多个标志位置，各个标志位置在压缩过程中所承受应力不同，将发生不同特征的应变(即经历不同的塑性成形工艺路径)。通过对各个标志位置进行性能测试，即可高效地获得不同塑性成形工艺所对应的性能测试结果。由此，本发明的获取合金材料塑性成形工艺及性能关系的高通量实验方法可以快速建立合金材料成形工艺路径与性能直接的关系，克服了现有实验技术每次只能得到一种工艺对应性能的不足，提高了实验效率，可以为工艺优化快速提供数据和理论支持，对合金材料的成形性能研究、工艺路线优化以及材料的“按需设计”具有重要意义。According to the high-throughput experimental method for obtaining the plastic forming process and performance relationship of alloy materials according to the embodiment of the present invention, the truncated truncated sample formed by the alloy material is taken as the research object, Compression is performed to deform the sample; by quenching the deformed sample, the microstructure of the sample can be fixed for subsequent performance testing. Further, the quenched sample is divided into symmetrical planes, and a plurality of marking positions are selected on the symmetry axis of the obtained section. The stress of each marking position during the compression process is different, and strains with different characteristics will occur (i.e. undergo different plastic forming process paths). The performance test results corresponding to different plastic forming processes can be efficiently obtained by performing performance tests on each marking position. Therefore, the high-throughput experimental method for obtaining the relationship between the plastic forming process and the performance of the alloy material of the present invention can quickly establish the direct relationship between the forming process path and the performance of the alloy material, overcoming that the existing experimental technology can only obtain one process corresponding to each time. The lack of performance improves the experimental efficiency, can quickly provide data and theoretical support for process optimization, and is of great significance to the research on the formability of alloy materials, the optimization of process routes, and the "design on demand" of materials.
下面参考图1和2对根据本发明实施例的获取合金材料塑性成形工艺及性能关系的高通量实验方法进行进一步的详细描述。根据本发明的实施例，该高通量实验方法包括：1 and 2, the high-throughput experimental method for obtaining the relationship between the plastic forming process and the properties of the alloy material according to the embodiment of the present invention will be further described in detail. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the high-throughput experimental method includes:
S100：提供试样S100: Provide sample
该步骤中，提供由合金材料形成的圆台形试样(如无特别说明，圆台形试样的上底半径与下底半径不同)。具体的，合金材料的具体种类并不受特别限制，本领域技术人员根据实际的测试需要进行选择。通过采用圆台形试样(或将其他形状的合金材料加工为圆台形状)，可以更便于后续压缩实验中对圆台的上底和下底进行压缩，以便从压缩后试样的剖面中获得有代表性的标志位置。In this step, a truncated cone-shaped sample formed of an alloy material is provided (unless otherwise specified, the upper and lower base radii of the truncated-shaped sample are different). Specifically, the specific types of alloy materials are not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art can select them according to actual testing needs. By adopting a truncated truncated sample (or processing other shapes of alloy materials into a truncated truncated shape), it is easier to compress the upper and lower bottoms of the truncated truncated cone in subsequent compression experiments, so as to obtain a representative sample from the section of the compressed sample. Sexual sign location.
根据本发明的优选实施例，圆台形试样母线与下底所在平面所形成的夹角为65～75°，也即是说，若将圆台形试样以对称面剖面，所得剖面为等腰梯形(如图2所示)，等腰梯形的腰与下底之间所形成的夹角(如图2中θ所示)，65°≤θ≤75°。根据本发明的具体示例，θ可以为65°、70°或75°。由此，可进一步提高以各标志位置经历的工艺路径来表征实际不同工艺的准确性。如果θ角度过小，则后续的压缩的步骤中圆台形试样无法获得足够的压缩行程，进而试样压缩不稳定，达不到实验要求。如果θ角度过大，则试样上的变形梯度分布不明显，不容易区分表征，达不到高通量实验的要求。According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the angle formed by the generatrix of the truncated truncated sample and the plane where the lower bottom is located is 65-75°. Trapezoid (as shown in Figure 2), the angle formed between the waist and the lower base of an isosceles trapezoid (as shown by θ in Figure 2), 65°≤θ≤75°. According to specific examples of the present invention, θ may be 65°, 70° or 75°. In this way, the accuracy of characterizing actual different processes by the process paths experienced by each marking position can be further improved. If the angle θ is too small, the truncated sample cannot obtain enough compression stroke in the subsequent compression step, and the compression of the sample is unstable, which cannot meet the experimental requirements. If the θ angle is too large, the deformation gradient distribution on the sample is not obvious, and it is not easy to distinguish and characterize, which cannot meet the requirements of high-throughput experiments.
S200：压缩S200: Compression
该步骤中，在预定温度下，将圆台形试样沿中心轴线进行压缩，得到变形后试样。根据本发明的具体示例，可将圆台形试样置于配备高温环境箱或高温炉恒温的压缩机中，将压缩机的压头分别置于圆台形试样的上底和下底表面，以便将将圆台形试样沿中心轴线进行压缩。由于试样中不同位置截面的面积不同，导致不同位置温度分布不同；另外，试样截面积不同还导致轴向不同位置变形过程中的应变与应变速率均不同，且试样上不同位置的微观组织和机械性能也不同；由此，通过按照如上所述的方式对圆台形试样进行压缩，试样中不同位置将发生不同特征的应变(即经历不同的工艺路径)。由此，通过在圆台形试样中选取有代表性的多个不同位置并对其进行性能测试，即可获得多种工艺路径与性能的对应关系。In this step, at a predetermined temperature, the frustum-shaped sample is compressed along the central axis to obtain the deformed sample. According to a specific example of the present invention, the frustum-shaped sample can be placed in a compressor equipped with a high temperature environmental chamber or a high-temperature furnace constant temperature, and the pressure head of the compressor can be placed on the upper and lower bottom surfaces of the frustum-shaped sample, so as to The frustum-shaped specimen will be compressed along the central axis. Due to the different cross-sectional areas of different positions in the sample, the temperature distribution at different positions is different; in addition, the different cross-sectional areas of the sample also lead to different strains and strain rates during the deformation process at different positions in the axial direction, and the microscopic The microstructure and mechanical properties are also different; thus, by compressing the frustoconical specimen as described above, different locations in the specimen will experience different characteristic strains (ie, undergo different processing paths). Therefore, by selecting several representative different positions in the truncated truncated sample and performing performance tests on them, the corresponding relationship between various process paths and performance can be obtained.
根据本发明的实施例，上述预定温度并不受特别限制，本领域技术人员根据实际的测试需要以及合金材料的具体种类进行选择。在本发明的一些实施例中，上述预定温度可以为800～1500℃，例如800℃、900℃、950℃、1000℃、1050℃、1100℃、1200℃、1300℃、1400℃或是1500℃，由此，可以满足大多数合金材料和实验条件的需要。According to the embodiment of the present invention, the above-mentioned predetermined temperature is not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art can select it according to actual test requirements and specific types of alloy materials. In some embodiments of the present invention, the predetermined temperature may be 800-1500°C, for example, 800°C, 900°C, 950°C, 1000°C, 1050°C, 1100°C, 1200°C, 1300°C, 1400°C or 1500°C , which can meet the needs of most alloy materials and experimental conditions.
根据本发明的实施例，上述压缩中，应变速率可以为0.001～10s-1，例如0.001s-1、0.01s-1、0.1s-1、1s-1或是10s-1。压缩行程可以为圆台形试样长度的40～70％，例如40％、50％、60％或是70％。这里，需要说明的是，圆台形试样长度是指圆台上底与下底之间的距离，即图2中l所示的长度。如果应变速率过大，则压缩时间太短，微观组织来不及变化，甚至压缩机器相应达不到要求；如果应变速率过小，则压缩时间过长，试样高温条件下停留时间长，导致微观组织粗大。如果压缩行程过大，则对机器要求太高，不易实现；如果压缩行程过小，则变形梯度不明显，不易表征。According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the above compression, the strain rate may be 0.001˜10s −1 , for example, 0.001s −1 , 0.01s −1 , 0.1s −1 , 1s −1 or 10s −1 . The compression stroke may be 40-70% of the length of the frustum-shaped specimen, such as 40%, 50%, 60% or 70%. Here, it should be noted that the length of the truncated truncated sample refers to the distance between the upper bottom and the lower bottom of the truncated truncated table, that is, the length shown by l in FIG. 2 . If the strain rate is too large, the compression time will be too short, and the microstructure will not change in time, and even the compression machine will not meet the requirements; if the strain rate is too small, the compression time will be too long, and the sample will stay for a long time under high temperature conditions, resulting in microstructure. thick. If the compression stroke is too large, the requirements for the machine are too high and it is difficult to achieve; if the compression stroke is too small, the deformation gradient is not obvious and difficult to characterize.
S300：淬火S300: Quenching
该步骤中，对变形后试样进行淬火，得到淬火后试样。通过对变形后试样进行淬火，可以固定试样的微观组织，以便于后续的性能得到测试。淬火的具体工艺条件并不受特别限制，可以采用本领域常见的淬火工艺，在此不再赘述。In this step, the deformed sample is quenched to obtain a quenched sample. By quenching the deformed sample, the microstructure of the sample can be fixed, so that the subsequent performance can be tested. The specific process conditions of quenching are not particularly limited, and common quenching processes in the art can be used, which will not be repeated here.
S400：选取标志位置S400: Select the mark position
该步骤中，将淬火后试样以对称面剖分，并在得到的剖面的对称轴上选取多个标志位置。通过对圆台形试样进行压缩，试样中不同位置将发生不同特征的应变(即经历不同的工艺路径)。由此，通过在圆台形试样中选取有代表性的多个不同位置并对其进行性能测试，即可获得多种工艺路径与性能的对应关系。如前所述，试样以对称面剖分所得剖面为等腰梯形，则剖面的对称轴为等腰梯形上底中点与下底中点连线所在直线(如图2所示)。在该对称轴上选取的多个标志位置具有更佳的代表性。In this step, the quenched sample is divided into symmetry planes, and a plurality of marker positions are selected on the symmetry axis of the obtained section. By compressing the frustum-shaped specimen, different locations in the specimen will experience different characteristic strains (ie, undergo different process paths). Therefore, by selecting several representative different positions in the truncated truncated sample and performing performance tests on them, the corresponding relationship between various process paths and performance can be obtained. As mentioned above, the section obtained by dividing the sample with the symmetrical plane is an isosceles trapezoid, and the symmetry axis of the section is the straight line connecting the midpoint of the upper base and the midpoint of the lower base of the isosceles trapezoid (as shown in Figure 2). The multiple marker positions selected on the symmetry axis are better representative.
根据本发明的实施例，上述标志位置包括3～9个，优选地，标志位置的个数小于7个。如果选取的标志位置过多，则不同标置间的差别不大，不易区分。According to an embodiment of the present invention, the above-mentioned marker positions include 3 to 9, and preferably, the number of marker positions is less than 7. If too many marker positions are selected, the difference between different marker positions is not large, and it is not easy to distinguish.
根据本发明的实施例，多个标志位置在试样以对称面剖分所得剖面的对称轴上等间距分布。在一些实施例中，标志位置包括奇数个，且中心标志位置位于等腰梯形剖面的中心。由此，各个标志位置的代表性更佳。According to an embodiment of the present invention, the plurality of marker positions are equally spaced on the symmetry axis of the cross section obtained by dividing the sample with the symmetry plane. In some embodiments, the marker positions include an odd number, and the center marker position is located at the center of the isosceles trapezoid section. As a result, the representation of the respective marker positions is better.
S500：性能测试S500: Performance Test
该步骤中，对各个标志位置进行性能测试，通过各个标志位置的性能测试结果表征合金材料在塑性成形工艺下的性能。In this step, a performance test is performed on each mark position, and the performance of the alloy material under the plastic forming process is characterized by the performance test results of each mark position.
根据本发明的实施例，上述应变率测试中，将合金材料的本构方程导入有限元计算软件，通过模拟计算获得各个标志位置的应变速率随时间变化曲线。由此，可以通过计算获得标志位置处的应变率的时间变化历程以及流动流动应力曲线，即该标志位置所经历的工艺路径。具体的，通过对圆台形试样进行压缩可以获得不同位置处的温度，应变，应变速率随时间变化的数据，将以上结合数据形成圆台形试样材料的本构方程，并将本构方程入有限元计算软件，通过模拟计算获得各个标志位置的应变速率随时间变化曲线。上述有限元计算软件的种类并不受特别限制，例如可以采用ANSYS、ADINA、ABAQUS、Marc、DEFORM-3D等，本领域技术人员可以根据实际需要进行选择。According to the embodiment of the present invention, in the above strain rate test, the constitutive equation of the alloy material is imported into the finite element calculation software, and the curve of the strain rate with time of each marker position is obtained through simulation calculation. Thus, the time history of the strain rate at the mark position and the flow stress curve can be obtained by calculation, that is, the process path experienced by the mark position. Specifically, by compressing the truncated truncated sample, the temperature, strain, and strain rate change data at different positions with time can be obtained. The above data are combined to form the constitutive equation of the truncated sample material, and the constitutive equation is entered into The finite element calculation software obtains the curve of the strain rate of each mark position with time through simulation calculation. The types of the above-mentioned finite element calculation software are not particularly limited, for example, ANSYS, ADINA, ABAQUS, Marc, DEFORM-3D, etc. can be used, and those skilled in the art can choose according to actual needs.
进一步地，在获得各个标志位置的工艺路径后，再测试各个标志位置的微观组织、硬度等其他力学指标，即可建立各个标志位置的应变、应变率的历程与该位置微观组织、力学性能等的联系。Further, after obtaining the process path of each mark position, and then testing the microstructure, hardness and other mechanical indicators of each mark position, the history of strain and strain rate of each mark position and the microstructure and mechanical properties of the position can be established. contact.
根据本发明的实施例，上述微观组织分布测试中，预先对试样以对称面剖分所得剖面进行机械抛光和金相腐蚀。具体的，可在对变形后试样淬火并剖分后，依次对剖面进行机械抛光和金相腐蚀，从而提高微观组织分布测试结果(例如晶粒分布、晶粒尺寸、晶粒取向和组织分布等)的准确性。剖面上各标志位置微观组织分布可以采用本领域常见的表征方法获得，在此不再赘述。According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the above-mentioned microstructure distribution test, mechanical polishing and metallographic corrosion are performed on the cross section obtained by dividing the sample with a symmetrical plane in advance. Specifically, after quenching and dissecting the deformed sample, the sections can be mechanically polished and metallographically etched in order to improve the test results of microstructure distribution (such as grain distribution, grain size, grain orientation and microstructure distribution). etc.) accuracy. The microstructure distribution of each marker position on the cross-section can be obtained by using a common characterization method in the art, which will not be repeated here.
根据本发明的实施例，上述显微硬度分布测试中，预先对剖面进行机械抛光，由此，可以进一步提高显微硬度分布测试结果的准确性。优选地，显微硬度分布测试在微观组织分布测试之后进行，即对经过机械抛光和金相腐蚀的表面再次进行机械抛光，之后进行显微硬度分布测试。由此，显微硬度分布测试结果的准确性更佳。剖面上各标志位置显微硬度分布可以采用本领域常见的表征方法获得，在此不再赘述。According to the embodiment of the present invention, in the above-mentioned micro-hardness distribution test, the cross section is mechanically polished in advance, so that the accuracy of the micro-hardness distribution test result can be further improved. Preferably, the microhardness distribution test is performed after the microstructure distribution test, that is, the mechanically polished and metallographically corroded surface is mechanically polished again, and then the microhardness distribution test is performed. Therefore, the accuracy of the microhardness distribution test results is better. The microhardness distribution at each marked position on the cross section can be obtained by using a common characterization method in the art, which will not be repeated here.
下面参考具体实施例，对本发明进行描述，需要说明的是，这些实施例仅仅是描述性的，而不以任何方式限制本发明。The present invention will be described below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be noted that these embodiments are merely illustrative and do not limit the present invention in any way.
实施例1Example 1
以模具钢5CrNiMoV加工为圆台形试样。圆台形试样长度为12mm，母线与下底所在平面所形成的夹角为75°，上底面直径为2.4mm，下底面直径为5.6mm。参考图3，将试样置于配备高温环境箱的压缩机中，在圆台形试样上温度为1050℃均匀分布时，压缩机压头按照应变速率为1/s进行压缩，压缩行程为6mm。选取A、B、C、D、E共5个标志位置。压缩结束时将试样快速淬火以固定微观组织，用于观察试样变形结束瞬间的晶粒分布情况。Die steel 5CrNiMoV was processed into a circular truncated sample. The length of the circular truncated sample is 12mm, the angle formed by the bus bar and the plane where the lower bottom is located is 75°, the diameter of the upper bottom surface is 2.4mm, and the diameter of the lower bottom surface is 5.6mm. Referring to Figure 3, the sample is placed in a compressor equipped with a high-temperature environmental chamber. When the temperature on the truncated sample is uniformly distributed at 1050 °C, the compressor head is compressed at a strain rate of 1/s, and the compression stroke is 6 mm. . Select A, B, C, D, E a total of 5 mark positions. At the end of compression, the sample was rapidly quenched to fix the microstructure, which was used to observe the grain distribution at the end of the deformation of the sample.
根据Sellars本构关系，示例中的模具钢5CrNiMoV的本构方程如式(I)：According to the Sellars constitutive relation, the constitutive equation of the die steel 5CrNiMoV in the example is as formula (I):
式(I)中：In formula (I):
σ，应力，单位为MPa；σ, stress, in MPa;
R，理想气体常数，8.3144598J·K-1·mol-1；R, ideal gas constant, 8.3144598J·K -1 ·mol -1 ;
T，温度，单位为K。T, temperature, in K.
将压缩实验中获得的A、B、C、D、E各位置的温度，应变，应变速率随时间变化数据结合该本构方程导入有限元计算软件DEFORM-3D中，并在有限元软件中对本发明的圆台形试样的高通量变形过程进行模拟计算，提取变形后试样对称剖面中心轴线不同位置的应变速率随时间变化曲线如图4所示，并以此曲线作为该位置的工艺路径，可见不同位置的应变速率存在明显的梯度差异，说明不同位置所经历的工艺路径不同。The temperature, strain, and strain rate variation data at each position of A, B, C, D, and E obtained in the compression experiment are combined with the constitutive equation and imported into the finite element calculation software DEFORM-3D. The high-throughput deformation process of the invented circular truncated sample is simulated and calculated, and the curve of the strain rate with time at different positions of the central axis of the symmetrical section of the sample after deformation is extracted as shown in Figure 4, and this curve is used as the process path for this position. , it can be seen that there are obvious gradient differences in the strain rates at different positions, indicating that the process paths experienced by different positions are different.
变形后的试样淬火后经线切割、机械抛光和金相腐蚀后得到的不同位置的晶粒分布如图5所示，晶粒的呈现出靠近底面晶粒尺寸大，中间位置晶粒细密均匀的趋势。The grain distribution at different positions of the deformed sample after quenching after wire cutting, mechanical polishing and metallographic corrosion is shown in Figure 5. The grain size near the bottom surface is large, and the grain size in the middle is fine and uniform. trend.
将上述测量晶粒分布后的变形试样剖面再次抛光后，采用显微硬度计测量得到试样上的硬度分布如图6所示，可以看出靠近底面位置的硬度较低，而中间位置的硬度值较高。After polishing the section of the deformed sample after measuring the grain distribution above, the hardness distribution on the sample was measured by a microhardness tester, as shown in Figure 6. It can be seen that the hardness near the bottom surface is lower, while the hardness at the middle position is lower. The hardness value is high.
综上所述，本发明的获取合金材料塑性成形工艺及性能关系的高通量实验方法，通过有限元方法获取了圆台形试样不同位置的工艺路径，显微组织观察获得了对应不同的位置的晶粒分布，最后采用显微硬度计测量了对应不同位置的显微硬度，即成形力学性能。由此建立了不同工艺、微观组织与不同性能的对应关系，并且只在一个试样上通过一次实验就完成了整个过程，计算与实验相结合，快速建立工艺与性能的对应关系，达到了高通量实验的效果，极大提高了传统实验的效率，为传统工艺优化和材料研究提供了理论指导。To sum up, in the high-throughput experimental method for obtaining the plastic forming process and performance relationship of alloy materials of the present invention, the process paths of different positions of the frustum-shaped sample are obtained by the finite element method, and the corresponding different positions are obtained by microstructure observation. Finally, the microhardness corresponding to different positions, that is, the forming mechanical properties, was measured by a microhardness tester. As a result, the corresponding relationship between different processes, microstructures and different properties is established, and the whole process is completed by only one experiment on one sample. The combination of calculation and experiment can quickly establish the corresponding relationship between technology and performance, and achieve high The effect of the flux experiment greatly improves the efficiency of traditional experiments, and provides theoretical guidance for traditional process optimization and material research.
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不必须针对的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。此外，在不相互矛盾的情况下，本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例或示例以及不同实施例或示例的特征进行结合和组合。In the description of this specification, description with reference to the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples", etc., mean specific features described in connection with the embodiment or example , structure, material or feature is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of the different embodiments or examples, without conflicting each other.
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，可以理解的是，上述实施例是示例性的，不能理解为对本发明的限制，本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型。Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it should be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Embodiments are subject to variations, modifications, substitutions and variations.
Claims (8)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910160691.4A CN109946126B (en) | 2019-03-04 | 2019-03-04 | A high-throughput experimental method to obtain the relationship between plastic forming process and properties of alloy materials |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910160691.4A CN109946126B (en) | 2019-03-04 | 2019-03-04 | A high-throughput experimental method to obtain the relationship between plastic forming process and properties of alloy materials |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN109946126A CN109946126A (en) | 2019-06-28 |
| CN109946126B true CN109946126B (en) | 2020-12-01 |
Family
ID=67008249
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910160691.4A Expired - Fee Related CN109946126B (en) | 2019-03-04 | 2019-03-04 | A high-throughput experimental method to obtain the relationship between plastic forming process and properties of alloy materials |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN109946126B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110333146B (en) * | 2019-07-18 | 2021-06-11 | 中南大学 | Sample for thermal compression test and thermal compression test method |
| CN111521491B (en) * | 2020-04-22 | 2023-04-18 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Temperature-strain high-flux aging test device |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4313890B2 (en) * | 1999-04-28 | 2009-08-12 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Springback amount prediction method |
| US6664067B1 (en) * | 2000-05-26 | 2003-12-16 | Symyx Technologies, Inc. | Instrument for high throughput measurement of material physical properties and method of using same |
| CN202903617U (en) * | 2012-10-29 | 2013-04-24 | 吉林大学 | In-situ three-point bending test device |
| CN104535737B (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2020-06-30 | 钢铁研究总院 | Statistical distribution analysis mapping characterization method for original positions of materials |
| CN108489812B (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2024-09-06 | 昆明理工大学 | Material microstructure mechanical property characterization experimental device |
| CN109238842A (en) * | 2018-07-20 | 2019-01-18 | 苏州热工研究院有限公司 | Stress corrosion high throughput evaluation method based on multi-section sample |
| CN109406304B (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2024-09-20 | 南京工业大学 | High-flux multi-connected compression creep test device and compression creep test method |
-
2019
- 2019-03-04 CN CN201910160691.4A patent/CN109946126B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN109946126A (en) | 2019-06-28 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN109946126B (en) | A high-throughput experimental method to obtain the relationship between plastic forming process and properties of alloy materials | |
| Wan et al. | Data-driven evaluation of fatigue performance of additive manufactured parts using miniature specimens | |
| JP6133965B1 (en) | Evaluation method of stretch flangeability | |
| EP2839896B1 (en) | Method for preparing forming limit diagram in press forming, method for predicting crack and method of producing press parts | |
| CN104732012B (en) | The method for building up of GH4169 alloy forged pieces grain size and forging thermal parameter relationship | |
| JP5435352B2 (en) | Method for determining the breaking strain of plate materials | |
| JP5967321B2 (en) | Stretch flange crack prediction method, stretch flange crack prediction apparatus, computer program, and recording medium | |
| Bercelli et al. | A probabilistic approach for high cycle fatigue of Wire and Arc Additive Manufactured parts taking into account process-induced pores | |
| CN110997172B (en) | Method for evaluating deformation limit on sheared surface of metal plate, method for predicting crack, and method for designing press die | |
| CN102313676A (en) | Detection method for identifying material static mechanical property parameters in different areas of solder joints | |
| JP2014081310A (en) | Forming temperature evaluation method and forming temperature evaluation system | |
| CN109883876B (en) | Sample for thermal simulation test and method for thermal simulation test | |
| CN103424318A (en) | Method for determination of forming limit curve of sheet metal | |
| JP2016144825A (en) | Secondary press workability evaluation method | |
| JP7327595B1 (en) | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR ACQUIRING FORMING LIMIT OF METAL PLATE | |
| CN113128001A (en) | Forming limit test method | |
| Gohari et al. | Effect of temperature on crack initiation in gas formed structures | |
| CN115372140B (en) | A method for determining parameters of anisotropic plastic constitutive model for thin-walled tubes | |
| JP6060814B2 (en) | Evaluation method for cracking of thin plate | |
| JP7436944B1 (en) | Burring structural member | |
| CN109900560A (en) | A kind of metal material deformation-membership credentials test method based on taper type sample | |
| JP7464176B1 (en) | Method, device and program for determining press-molded cracks, and method for manufacturing press-molded products | |
| CN112945765A (en) | Titanium alloy reversing forging test method based on numerical simulation | |
| CN114593995B (en) | A method for evaluating the upsetting deformation capacity of wire rods used in fasteners | |
| CN112304756B (en) | Circumferential tensile property characterization method for annular structure of fiber reinforced composite material |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20201201 |
|
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |