CN109946126B - High-throughput experimental method for obtaining plastic forming process and performance relation of alloy material - Google Patents
High-throughput experimental method for obtaining plastic forming process and performance relation of alloy material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-throughput experimental method for obtaining a plastic forming process and a performance relation of an alloy material. The method comprises the following steps: providing a truncated cone shaped specimen formed of an alloy material; compressing the truncated cone-shaped sample along the central axis at a preset temperature to obtain a deformed sample; quenching the deformed sample to obtain a quenched sample; splitting the quenched sample by a symmetrical plane, and selecting a plurality of mark positions on a symmetrical axis of the obtained section; and performing performance test on each mark position, and representing the performance of the alloy material under the plastic forming process through the performance test result of each mark position. The high-throughput experimental method can obtain tissues and properties corresponding to different plastic forming processes through different mark positions on a sample, has high experimental efficiency, can quickly provide data and theoretical support for process optimization, and has important significance on forming property research, process route optimization and on-demand design of materials of the alloy material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of advanced manufacturing, in particular to a high-throughput experimental method for obtaining a plastic forming process and a performance relation of an alloy material.
Background
The technological process of the material has important influence on the microstructure evolution of the material and the final forming mechanical property. However, the influence of the technological process on the forming mechanical property of the final material is researched by a traditional experimental method, so that the time is long and the cost is high. Therefore, the traditional material research and development mode is a trend of international new material research at present, and a material research and development new mode of three-element cooperative work of high-throughput calculation, high-throughput experiments and big data technology is provided in 'material genetic engineering', wherein the high-throughput experiment method refers to efficient experiments under the guidance of rational design.
The traditional experimental method for researching the plastic forming process of the alloy material can only research one working condition corresponding to the temperature and the strain rate at each time, has low efficiency and is not suitable for high-throughput experimental requirements. Therefore, the existing experimental method for researching the plastic forming process of the alloy material still needs to be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art. Therefore, the invention aims to provide a high-throughput experimental method for acquiring the relation between the plastic forming process and the performance of the alloy material. The high-throughput experimental method can obtain tissues and properties corresponding to different plastic forming processes through different mark positions on a sample, has high experimental efficiency, can quickly provide data and theoretical support for process optimization, and has important significance on forming property research, process route optimization and on-demand design of materials of the alloy material.
In one aspect of the invention, a high throughput experimental method for obtaining the relationship between the plastic forming process and the performance of an alloy material is provided. According to an embodiment of the invention, the high throughput assay method comprises: (1) providing a truncated cone shaped specimen formed of an alloy material; (2) compressing the truncated cone-shaped sample along the central axis at a preset temperature to obtain a deformed sample; (3) quenching the deformed sample to obtain a quenched sample; (4) subdividing the quenched sample by a symmetrical plane, and selecting a plurality of mark positions on a symmetrical axis of the obtained section; (5) and performing performance test on each mark position, and representing the performance of the alloy material under the plastic forming process through the performance test result of each mark position.
According to the high-throughput experimental method for obtaining the plastic forming process and the performance relation of the alloy material, disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, a truncated cone-shaped sample formed by the alloy material is taken as a research object, and the sample is deformed by compressing the upper bottom and the lower bottom of the truncated cone-shaped sample along the central axis; the microstructure of the sample can be fixed by quenching the deformed sample, so that the subsequent performance test can be conveniently carried out. Further, the quenched sample is divided by a symmetrical plane, a plurality of mark positions are selected on a symmetrical axis of the obtained section, and the stress borne by each mark position in the compression process is different, so that strain with different characteristics (namely different plastic forming process paths) can be generated. The performance test results corresponding to different plastic forming processes can be efficiently obtained by performing performance test on each mark position. Therefore, the high-throughput experimental method for obtaining the plastic forming process and performance relationship of the alloy material can quickly establish the direct relationship between the forming process path and the performance of the alloy material, overcomes the defect that the prior experimental technology can only obtain one process corresponding performance each time, improves the experimental efficiency, can quickly provide data and theoretical support for process optimization, and has important significance for the forming performance research, the process route optimization and the on-demand design of the material.
In addition, the high-throughput experimental method for obtaining the relation between the plastic forming process and the performance of the alloy material according to the above embodiment of the invention may further have the following additional technical features:
in some embodiments of the present invention, an included angle formed between the generatrix of the truncated cone-shaped sample and a plane of the lower bottom is 65-75 °.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the predetermined temperature is 800 to 1500 ℃.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the strain rate in the compression is 0.5-1.5 s-1And the compression stroke is 40-70% of the length of the truncated cone-shaped sample.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the number of landmark positions includes 3-9.
In some embodiments of the invention, a plurality of said landmark positions are equally spaced apart on an axis of symmetry of said cross-section.
In some embodiments of the invention, the performance tests include strain rate tests, microstructure distribution tests, and microhardness distribution tests.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in the strain rate test, the constitutive equation of the alloy material is introduced into finite element calculation software, and a strain rate time-varying curve of the mark position is obtained through simulation calculation.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the microstructure distribution test is performed by subjecting the cross section to mechanical polishing and metallographic etching in advance.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the micro-hardness profile is pre-mechanically polished in the micro-hardness profile test.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a high throughput experimental method for obtaining a plastic forming process and a performance relationship of an alloy material according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a truncated cone shaped sample according to one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a high throughput experimental method for obtaining the relationship between the plastic forming process and the performance of the alloy material in example 1;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the strain rate over time for various marker locations in the cross-section of a deformed round-truncated sample of example 1;
FIG. 5 is a tissue distribution diagram of the deformed cross-section of a truncated cone-shaped specimen at different marker positions in example 1;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the microhardness distribution at different mark positions in the deformed section of the truncated cone-shaped sample in example 1.
Description of reference numerals:
1-a truncated cone shaped sample; 2-constant temperature furnace; 3-pressing head; 4-sample after deformation; 5-marking the position.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "upper," "lower," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be considered limiting.
Further, in the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
In one aspect of the invention, a high throughput experimental method for obtaining the relationship between the plastic forming process and the performance of an alloy material is provided. According to an embodiment of the invention, the high throughput assay method comprises: (1) providing a truncated cone shaped specimen formed of an alloy material; (2) compressing the truncated cone-shaped sample along the central axis at a preset temperature to obtain a deformed sample; (3) quenching the deformed sample to obtain a quenched sample; (4) splitting the quenched sample by a symmetrical plane, and selecting a plurality of mark positions on a symmetrical axis of the obtained section; (5) and performing performance test on each mark position, and representing the performance of the alloy material under the plastic forming process through the performance test result of each mark position.
According to the high-throughput experimental method for obtaining the plastic forming process and the performance relation of the alloy material, disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, a truncated cone-shaped sample formed by the alloy material is taken as a research object, and the sample is deformed by compressing the upper bottom and the lower bottom of the truncated cone-shaped sample along the central axis; the microstructure of the sample can be fixed by quenching the deformed sample, so that the subsequent performance test can be conveniently carried out. Further, the quenched sample is divided by a symmetrical plane, a plurality of mark positions are selected on a symmetrical axis of the obtained section, and the stress borne by each mark position in the compression process is different, so that strain with different characteristics (namely different plastic forming process paths) can be generated. The performance test results corresponding to different plastic forming processes can be efficiently obtained by performing performance test on each mark position. Therefore, the high-throughput experimental method for obtaining the plastic forming process and performance relationship of the alloy material can quickly establish the direct relationship between the forming process path and the performance of the alloy material, overcomes the defect that the prior experimental technology can only obtain one process corresponding performance each time, improves the experimental efficiency, can quickly provide data and theoretical support for process optimization, and has important significance for the forming performance research, the process route optimization and the on-demand design of the material.
The high-throughput experimental method for obtaining the plastic forming process and the property relationship of the alloy material according to the embodiment of the invention is further described in detail with reference to fig. 1 and 2. According to an embodiment of the invention, the high throughput assay method comprises:
s100: providing a sample
In this step, a round table-shaped test piece formed of an alloy material (the upper base radius of the round table-shaped test piece is different from the lower base radius, unless otherwise specified) is provided. Specifically, the specific kind of the alloy material is not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art can select the alloy material according to the actual test requirements. By adopting the truncated cone-shaped sample (or processing alloy materials with other shapes into the shape of the truncated cone), the upper bottom and the lower bottom of the truncated cone can be more conveniently compressed in a subsequent compression experiment, so that a representative mark position can be obtained from the section of the compressed sample.
According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the included angle formed by the generatrix of the truncated cone-shaped test sample and the plane of the lower bottom is 65-75 °, that is, if the truncated cone-shaped test sample is cut off by the symmetrical plane, the obtained section is an isosceles trapezoid (as shown in fig. 2), the included angle formed between the waist and the lower bottom of the isosceles trapezoid (as shown in θ in fig. 2) is 65 ° ≦ θ ≦ 75 °. According to a specific example of the present invention, θ may be 65 °, 70 °, or 75 °. Thus, the accuracy of characterizing the actual different processes with the process path experienced by each index location may be further improved. If the angle theta is too small, the circular truncated cone-shaped sample cannot obtain enough compression stroke in the subsequent compression step, so that the sample is not compressed stably, and the experimental requirement cannot be met. If the theta angle is too large, the deformation gradient distribution on the sample is not obvious, the characterization is not easy to distinguish, and the requirement of a high-throughput experiment cannot be met.
S200: compression
In this step, the truncated cone-shaped sample is compressed along the central axis at a predetermined temperature to obtain a deformed sample. According to a specific example of the present invention, the truncated cone-shaped sample may be placed in a compressor equipped with a high temperature environment box or a high temperature furnace at a constant temperature, and the pressure heads of the compressor may be placed on the upper and lower bottom surfaces of the truncated cone-shaped sample, respectively, so as to compress the truncated cone-shaped sample along the central axis. Because the areas of the cross sections at different positions in the sample are different, the temperature distribution at different positions is different; in addition, the different sectional areas of the samples also cause different strain and strain rate in the deformation process at different axial positions, and the microstructures and mechanical properties at different positions on the samples are also different; thus, by compressing the truncated cone shaped sample in the manner described above, different characteristic strains will occur (i.e., undergo different process paths) at different locations in the sample. Therefore, the corresponding relation between various process paths and performance can be obtained by selecting a plurality of representative different positions in the truncated cone-shaped sample and testing the performance of the truncated cone-shaped sample.
The predetermined temperature is not particularly limited according to an embodiment of the present invention, and those skilled in the art may select the predetermined temperature according to actual test requirements and specific kinds of alloy materials. In some embodiments of the present invention, the predetermined temperature may be 800 to 1500 ℃, such as 800 ℃, 900 ℃, 950 ℃, 1000 ℃, 1050 ℃, 1100 ℃, 1200 ℃, 1300 ℃, 1400 ℃ or 1500 ℃, so as to meet the requirements of most alloy materials and experimental conditions.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the strain rate in the compression can be 0.001-10 s-1E.g. 0.001s-1、0.01s-1、0.1s-1、1s-1Or 10s-1. The compression stroke may be 40-70%, for example 40%, 50%, 60% or 70% of the length of the truncated cone shaped sample. Here, the truncated cone sample length is a distance between the upper bottom and the lower bottom of the truncated cone, i.e., a length l shown in fig. 2. If the strain rate is too great, the compression time is too short, the microstructure has not had time to change,even the compression machine is correspondingly not up to the requirements; if the strain rate is too low, the compression time is too long, and the residence time of the sample under high temperature conditions is long, resulting in coarse microstructure. If the compression stroke is too large, the requirement on the machine is too high and the realization is difficult; if the compression stroke is too small, the deformation gradient is not obvious and is not easy to characterize.
S300: quenching
In this step, the deformed sample is quenched to obtain a quenched sample. The microstructure of the sample can be fixed by quenching the deformed sample, so that the subsequent performance can be tested conveniently. The specific process conditions for quenching are not particularly limited, and quenching processes commonly used in the art can be adopted, and are not described herein again.
S400: selecting a marker position
In this step, the quenched sample is divided by a symmetry plane, and a plurality of marker positions are selected on a symmetry axis of the obtained section. By compressing a truncated cone shaped sample, different characteristic strains will occur (i.e., experience different process paths) at different locations in the sample. Therefore, the corresponding relation between various process paths and performance can be obtained by selecting a plurality of representative different positions in the truncated cone-shaped sample and testing the performance of the truncated cone-shaped sample. As mentioned above, the section obtained by dividing the sample by the symmetry plane is an isosceles trapezoid, and the symmetry axis of the section is the straight line where the connecting line of the middle point of the upper base and the middle point of the lower base of the isosceles trapezoid is located (as shown in FIG. 2). The positions of the marks selected on the symmetry axis are better representative.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the number of the mark positions is 3-9, and preferably, the number of the mark positions is less than 7. If the selected mark positions are too many, the difference between different mark positions is not large, and the mark positions are not easy to distinguish.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the plurality of marker positions are equally spaced on the symmetry axis of the section obtained by sectioning the sample with the symmetry plane. In some embodiments, the index positions comprise an odd number and the central index position is located at the center of the isosceles trapezoid cross-section. This makes the marking positions more representative.
S500: performance testing
In the step, performance test is carried out on each mark position, and the performance of the alloy material under the plastic forming process is represented through the performance test result of each mark position.
According to the embodiment of the invention, in the strain rate test, the constitutive equation of the alloy material is introduced into finite element calculation software, and the strain rate time-varying curve of each mark position is obtained through simulation calculation. Thus, the time history of the strain rate at the marker location and the flow stress curve, i.e. the process path traversed by the marker location, can be obtained by calculation. Specifically, the data of temperature, strain and change of strain rate with time at different positions can be obtained by compressing the truncated cone-shaped sample, the constitutive equation of the truncated cone-shaped sample material is formed by combining the data, the constitutive equation is put into finite element calculation software, and the change curve of the strain rate with time at each mark position is obtained through simulation calculation. The type of the finite element calculation software is not particularly limited, and for example, ANSYS, ADINA, ABAQUS, Marc, DEFORM-3D, etc. can be used, and those skilled in the art can select the software according to actual needs.
Further, after the process path of each mark position is obtained, other mechanical indexes such as the microstructure, the hardness and the like of each mark position are tested, and then the relation between the history of the strain and the strain rate of each mark position and the microstructure, the mechanical property and the like of the position can be established.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the microstructure distribution test, the section obtained by dividing the sample by the symmetrical plane is subjected to mechanical polishing and metallographic etching in advance. Specifically, after the deformed sample is quenched and split, the section can be sequentially subjected to mechanical polishing and metallographic corrosion, so that the accuracy of the microstructure distribution test result (such as grain distribution, grain size, grain orientation, structure distribution and the like) is improved. The microstructure distribution of each marker position on the cross section can be obtained by using a characterization method commonly used in the art, and is not described in detail herein.
According to the embodiment of the invention, in the microhardness distribution test, the section is mechanically polished in advance, so that the accuracy of the microhardness distribution test result can be further improved. Preferably, the microhardness distribution test is performed after the microstructure distribution test, i.e., the mechanically polished and metallographically corroded surface is mechanically polished again, followed by the microhardness distribution test. Therefore, the accuracy of the microhardness distribution test result is better. The microhardness distribution of each mark position on the section can be obtained by adopting a characterization method commonly used in the field, and the description is omitted.
The invention will now be described with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative only and not to be limiting in any way.
Example 1
The die steel 5CrNiMoV is processed into a truncated cone-shaped sample. The length of the round table-shaped sample is 12mm, the included angle formed by the bus and the plane of the lower bottom is 75 degrees, the diameter of the upper bottom surface is 2.4mm, and the diameter of the lower bottom surface is 5.6 mm. Referring to fig. 3, the sample was placed in a compressor equipped with a high temperature environment chamber, and when the temperature was uniformly distributed at 1050 ℃ on the truncated cone-shaped sample, the compressor head was compressed at a strain rate of 1/s with a compression stroke of 6 mm. A total of 5 marker positions of A, B, C, D, E were selected. And (3) rapidly quenching the sample to fix the microstructure after the compression is finished, and observing the grain distribution condition of the sample at the moment of finishing the deformation.
According to the Sellars constitutive relation, the constitutive equation of the die steel 5CrNiMoV in the example is as shown in formula (I):
in formula (I):
σ, stress, in MPa;
r, ideal gas constant, 8.3144598 J.K-1·mol-1；
T, temperature, in K.
The temperature, strain and strain rate change data of A, B, C, D, E positions obtained in a compression experiment are introduced into finite element calculation software DEFORM-3D by combining the constitutive equation, the high-flux deformation process of the truncated cone-shaped sample is simulated and calculated in the finite element software, the change curve of the strain rate of the deformed sample at different positions of the central axis of the symmetrical section of the sample along with time is extracted and shown in figure 4, and the curve is taken as a process path at the position, so that obvious gradient difference exists in the strain rate at different positions, and the process path difference experienced by different positions is shown.
The distribution of the crystal grains at different positions obtained after the deformed sample is quenched, subjected to wire cutting, mechanical polishing and metallographic corrosion is shown in fig. 5, and the crystal grains show the tendency that the size of the crystal grains close to the bottom surface is large and the crystal grains at the middle position are fine and uniform.
After the cross section of the deformed sample after the above-mentioned crystal grain distribution measurement is polished again, the hardness distribution on the sample measured by the microhardness tester is shown in fig. 6, and it can be seen that the hardness near the bottom surface is low, and the hardness at the middle position is high.
In summary, the high throughput experimental method for obtaining the plastic forming process and performance relationship of the alloy material of the present invention obtains the process paths of the truncated cone-shaped sample at different positions by the finite element method, obtains the grain distribution corresponding to the different positions by microscopic structure observation, and finally measures the microhardness corresponding to the different positions by using the microhardness tester, i.e. the forming mechanical performance. Therefore, the corresponding relation between different processes, microstructures and different performances is established, the whole process is completed only through one experiment on one sample, calculation and the experiment are combined, the corresponding relation between the processes and the performances is quickly established, the effect of a high-throughput experiment is achieved, the efficiency of the traditional experiment is greatly improved, and theoretical guidance is provided for traditional process optimization and material research.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A high-throughput experimental method for obtaining the relation between the plastic forming process and the performance of an alloy material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) providing a truncated cone shaped specimen formed of an alloy material; an included angle formed by the round platform-shaped sample bus and the plane where the lower bottom is located is 65-75 degrees;
(2) compressing the truncated cone-shaped sample along the central axis at a preset temperature to obtain a deformed sample; in the compression, the strain rate is 0.001-10 s < -1 >, and the compression stroke is 40-70% of the length of the truncated cone-shaped sample;
(3) quenching the deformed sample to obtain a quenched sample;
(4) subdividing the quenched sample by a symmetrical plane, and selecting a plurality of mark positions on a symmetrical axis of the obtained section;
(5) and performing performance test on each mark position, and representing the performance of the alloy material under the plastic forming process through the performance test result of each mark position.
2. The high throughput assay method of claim 1, wherein the predetermined temperature is 800-1500 ℃.
3. The high throughput assay method of claim 1, wherein said marker positions comprise 3 to 9.
4. High throughput experimentation method according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of said marker positions are equally spaced on the symmetry axis of said cross-section.
5. High throughput experimentation according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein said performance tests include strain rate tests, microstructure distribution tests and microhardness distribution tests.
6. The high throughput experiment method of claim 5, wherein in the strain rate test, the constitutive equation of the alloy material is introduced into finite element calculation software, and a strain rate time-varying curve of the marker position is obtained through simulation calculation.
7. The high throughput experiment method of claim 5, wherein in the microstructure distribution test, the cross section is subjected to mechanical polishing and metallographic etching in advance.
8. The high throughput experiment method of claim 5, wherein the cross section is mechanically polished in advance in the microhardness profile test.
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