CN109945639B - Cupola furnace and repairing process thereof - Google Patents
Cupola furnace and repairing process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109945639B CN109945639B CN201910223353.0A CN201910223353A CN109945639B CN 109945639 B CN109945639 B CN 109945639B CN 201910223353 A CN201910223353 A CN 201910223353A CN 109945639 B CN109945639 B CN 109945639B
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of cast iron, in particular to a cupola furnace and a repair process thereof, wherein the cupola furnace comprises a rear furnace, and the rear furnace comprises a waist furnace and a charging hole; the waist furnace is provided with a hot air pipe and a repairing mechanism, and the repairing mechanism comprises a repairing block and a plurality of boosting units; a feeding channel communicated with the feeding port is arranged on the side wall of the rear furnace, and a hot air channel is arranged on the side wall of the upper end of the waist furnace; each boosting unit comprises a ball screw pair, a boosting pipe and a plugging assembly, and the plugging assembly can intermittently plug the feeding channel and the hot air channel; the ball screw pair comprises a screw and a nut seat, and the nut seat is connected with the repairing block through a boosting pipe; the repairing process of the cupola furnace comprises the following steps: step 1: plugging the hot air channel and enabling the nut seat to move downwards; step 2: removing iron beans on the refractory bricks, and repairing the inner side walls of the refractory bricks; and step 3: and restoring the repairing block and injecting mud. When the technical scheme is adopted, the refractory bricks can be automatically repaired while iron beans are removed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of cast iron, in particular to a cupola furnace and a repairing process thereof.
Background
The cupola furnace is an important equipment for melting cast iron in casting production, and cast iron blocks are melted into molten iron, poured into a sand mold, cooled and opened to obtain a casting.
The cupola furnace is a vertical cylindrical smelting furnace, which is divided into a front furnace and a rear furnace. The forehearth comprises a taphole, a slag hole, a forehearth and a gap bridge; the back furnace comprises a back furnace cylinder, a waist furnace, a feed inlet and a top furnace.
In the process of melting cast iron, partial limestone, metal furnace burden and coke stratification are melted in the rear furnace hearth, the other partial limestone, metal furnace burden and coke stratification are preheated at the waist furnace position, after the raw materials in the rear furnace hearth are melted, the raw materials at the waist furnace position fall into the rear furnace hearth to be melted, and meanwhile, the raw materials such as the limestone, the metal furnace burden and the coke stratification are added into the waist furnace position from the feed inlet to be preheated.
Because the raw materials are easy to adhere to the refractory bricks on the inner side wall of the cupola furnace to form iron beans in the preheating process, the furnace can be stopped periodically, the furnace is manually put into the furnace to remove the iron beans after the temperature in the furnace is recovered to the normal temperature, the refractory bricks at the position of the cupola furnace are repaired, and the cupola furnace is ignited and heated up after the repairing is finished. However, the manual strength is high, and the normal work of the cupola furnace can be influenced, so that the production of molten iron is influenced, and the casting of later-stage castings is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cupola furnace which can automatically remove iron beans on refractory bricks and repair the refractory bricks.
In order to achieve the aim, the technical scheme of the invention provides a cupola furnace, which comprises a rear furnace, wherein the rear furnace comprises a waist furnace and a charging hole; the waist furnace is provided with a hot air pipe and a repairing mechanism, the repairing mechanism comprises a repairing block and a plurality of boosting units, the repairing block is annular, an annular cavity is arranged in the repairing block, and the annular cavity is communicated with the outer side wall of the repairing block; a charging channel communicated with the charging opening is arranged on the side wall of the rear furnace, a hot air channel is arranged on the side wall of the upper end of the waist furnace, and the lower end of the waist furnace is communicated with the hot air channel through a hot air pipe;
each boosting unit comprises a ball screw pair, a boosting pipe and a plugging assembly, and the plugging assembly can intermittently plug the feeding channel and the hot air channel; the ball screw pair comprises a screw rod and a nut seat, the screw rod is rotatably arranged in the furnace wall of the rear furnace, a first boosting assembly and a second boosting assembly are arranged on the screw rod, the first boosting assembly is positioned in the feeding channel, and the second boosting assembly is positioned in the hot air channel; the nut seat is in threaded connection with the screw, a cavity is formed between a refractory brick on the side wall of the waist furnace and the side wall of the waist furnace, the nut seat is located in the cavity, and the nut seat is connected with the repair block through a boosting pipe.
The technical effect of the scheme is as follows: when the raw materials at the position of the waist furnace drop into a rear furnace hearth for melting, adding the raw materials into the position of the waist furnace from a feed inlet for preheating; in the process that the raw materials pass through the feeding channel, the plugging component plugs the hot air channel, and the raw materials push the first boosting component to rotate, so that the screw rod is driven to rotate, and the nut seat is driven to move downwards; the nut seat drives the repairing block to move downwards in the process of moving downwards at the waist furnace position, the repairing block removes iron beans adhered to the refractory bricks at the waist furnace position, and meanwhile, the inner side wall of the refractory bricks is repaired after the refractory clay contained in the annular cavity of the repairing block overflows; after the feeding is completed, the plugging assembly plugs the feeding channel, and the hot waves generated in the raw material melting process drive the second boosting assembly to rotate through the hot air channel, so that the screw rod is driven to rotate reversely, the nut seat is driven to move upwards to reset, the inner side wall of the refractory brick is repaired again, the cupola furnace is not required to be stopped to repair, the manual work intensity is reduced, and the cast iron efficiency is improved.
Furthermore, a hole channel is arranged on the nut seat and is communicated with the annular cavity through a boosting pipe, a feeding hole is formed in the side wall of the waist furnace, and the hole channel can be aligned to the feeding hole. The technical effect of the scheme is as follows: the refractory mortar is conveniently supplemented into the annular cavity through the feeding hole, the pore passage and the boosting pipe.
Furthermore, the plugging assembly comprises a pressing plate, a spring, a sliding rod and a plugging plate, the sliding rod is slidably arranged in the side wall of the rear furnace, the spring is sleeved on the sliding rod, the lower end of the spring is fixedly connected with the side wall of the rear furnace, the upper end of the spring is fixedly connected with the sliding rod, and the plugging plate is fixedly connected with the lower end of the sliding rod; the pressing plate is hinged in the feeding channel and can push the sliding rod and the plugging plate to move downwards. The technical effect of the scheme is as follows: after the feed channel is plugged up to the press plate, the waste gas that produces in the melting process can not follow the charge door and flee, and reinforced in-process press plate rotates and promotes slide bar and shutoff board and remove under the action of gravity of raw materials simultaneously to make the shutoff board carry out the shutoff to hot air duct, avoid the heat wave to get into hot air duct and drive screw rod antiport, ensure the normal rotation of screw rod.
Furthermore, the middle part of the repairing block shrinks inwards along the radial direction, and the side wall of the repairing block is provided with a pore communicated with the annular cavity. The technical effect of the scheme is as follows: ensure that the refractory mortar in the annular cavity overflows smoothly and repair the inner side wall of the refractory brick.
Furthermore, a conveyor belt is arranged at the feed inlet, a supporting block is fixedly connected to the outer side wall of the rear furnace, and the supporting block is located between the conveyor belt and the feed inlet. The technical effect of the scheme is as follows: the raw materials are prevented from being clamped between the conveyor belt and the feed inlet when the conveyor belt conveys the raw materials.
Furthermore, the rear furnace also comprises a rear furnace hearth, and the side wall of the rear furnace hearth is provided with an air inlet. The technical effect of the scheme is as follows: ensuring the raw material in the rear hearth to be burnt more thoroughly.
Further, still include the forehearth, the forehearth includes taphole, slag notch, preceding crucible and gap bridge, preceding crucible and back crucible pass through the gap bridge intercommunication, taphole and slag notch are the loudspeaker form. The technical effect of the scheme is as follows: the molten iron and the waste slag are ensured to be more smooth in the overflowing process.
Further, the rear furnace also comprises a top furnace, and a spark cover is arranged at the upper end of the top furnace. The technical effect of the scheme is as follows: the spark cover can filter dust in the exhaust gas, and pollution of the exhaust gas is reduced.
Further, the boosting pipe is made of tungsten steel. The technical effect of the scheme is as follows: the tungsten steel has a higher melting point, so that the boosting tube is prevented from being deformed when being heated.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a repairing process for a cupola furnace, comprising the steps of:
step 1: when the raw materials at the position of the waist furnace fall into a rear furnace cylinder for melting, firstly adding refractory mortar into the annular cavity of the repair block from the feeding hole, the pore passage and the boosting pipe, and then adding the raw materials into the position of the waist furnace from the feeding hole for preheating; in the process that the raw materials pass through the feeding channel, the blocking plate blocks the hot air channel, and the raw materials pass through the feeding channel and simultaneously push the first boosting assembly to rotate, so that the screw rod is driven to rotate, and the nut seat is driven to move downwards;
step 2: the nut seat drives the repairing block to move downwards in the process of moving downwards at the waist furnace position, the repairing block removes iron beans adhered to the refractory bricks at the waist furnace position, and simultaneously, the refractory clay contained in the annular cavity of the repairing block overflows to repair the inner side wall of the refractory bricks;
and step 3: after the raw materials are completely added into the waist furnace, the sliding rod and the plugging plate move upwards under the elastic action of the spring, so that the pressing plate is driven to rotate, the feeding channel is plugged, meanwhile, the plugging of the plugging plate on the hot air channel is removed, high-temperature furnace gas generated in the raw material melting process drives the second boosting assembly to rotate through the hot air channel, the repairing block resets, and the inner side wall of the refractory brick is repaired again.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front half sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 1 at A;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 2 at B;
FIG. 4 is a right side cross-sectional view of the screw of FIG. 3;
figure 5 is a front cross-sectional view of the repair block.
Detailed Description
The following is further detailed by way of specific embodiments:
reference numerals in the drawings of the specification include: the device comprises a front furnace 1, a rear furnace 2, a tap hole 3, a slag hole 4, a front furnace cylinder 5, a gap bridge 6, a rear furnace cylinder 7, a waist furnace 8, a charging hole 9, a spark cover 10, a supporting block 11, a hot air pipe 12, a repairing block 13, an annular cavity 14, a pore 15, a charging channel 16, a hot air channel 17, a boosting pipe 18, a pressing plate 19, a spring 20, a sliding rod 21, a plugging plate 22, a screw 23, a nut seat 24, a first boosting fan sheet 25, a second boosting fan sheet 26, a first cavity 27, a second cavity 28, a strip-shaped hole 29, a pore channel 30 and a charging hole 31.
The examples are substantially as shown in figures 1 to 5 of the accompanying drawings: the cupola furnace shown in figure 1 comprises a front furnace 1 and a rear furnace 2, wherein the front furnace 1 comprises a taphole 3, a slag hole 4, a front furnace cylinder 5 and a gap bridge 6, the rear furnace 2 sequentially comprises a rear furnace cylinder 7, a waist furnace 8, a feed inlet 9 and a top furnace from bottom to top, refractory bricks are installed on the inner side walls of the rear furnace cylinder 7 and the waist furnace 8, and a spark cover 10 is installed at the upper end of the top furnace. As shown in fig. 3, a conveyor belt is installed on the frame at the charging opening 9, a support block 11 is welded on the outer side wall of the rear furnace 2, and the support block 11 is located between the conveyor belt and the charging opening 9. As shown in figure 1, a front hearth 5 and a rear hearth 7 are communicated through a gap bridge 6, an iron outlet 3 and a slag outlet 4 are both in a horn shape, the side wall of the rear hearth 7 is provided with an air inlet, and the outer side wall of the rear hearth 7 is provided with a blower (not shown in the figure) for blowing air to the air inlet.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, a hot air pipe 12 and a repairing mechanism are arranged at the waist furnace 8, and the repairing mechanism comprises a repairing block 13 as shown in fig. 5 and two boosting units as shown in fig. 2. As shown in FIG. 5, the repair block 13 is annular, the middle part of the repair block 13 is contracted inwards along the radial direction thereof, an annular cavity 14 is formed in the repair block 13, and the annular cavity 14 is communicated with the outer side wall of the repair block 13 through a pore 15. As shown in FIG. 3, a charging channel 16 communicated with the charging opening 9 is arranged on the side wall of the rear furnace 2, a hot air channel 17 is arranged on the side wall of the upper end of the waist furnace 8, and the lower end of the waist furnace 8 is communicated with the hot air channel 17 through a hot air pipe 12.
As shown in fig. 3, each boosting unit comprises a ball screw pair, a boosting tube 18 and a blocking assembly, the blocking assembly comprises a pressing plate 19, a spring 20, a sliding rod 21 and a blocking plate 22, the sliding rod 21 is slidably arranged in the side wall of the rear furnace 2, the spring 20 is sleeved on the sliding rod 21, the lower end of the spring 20 is fixedly connected with the side wall of the rear furnace 2, the upper end of the spring 20 is fixedly connected with the sliding rod 21, and the blocking plate 22 is fixedly connected with the lower end of the sliding rod 21; the pressing plate 19 is hinged in the charging channel 16 by a pin, and when the spring 20 is in a natural extension state, the pressing plate 19 contacts with the upper end of the sliding rod 21, and the charging channel 16 is blocked by the pressing plate 19.
The ball screw pair comprises a screw rod 23 and a nut seat 24, the screw rod 23 is rotatably arranged in the furnace wall of the rear furnace 2, and a plurality of first boosting fan blades 25 and a plurality of second boosting fan blades 26 are welded on the screw rod 23. As shown in fig. 4, a first cavity 27 and a second cavity 28 are formed in the side wall of the rear furnace 2, the first cavity 27 is located at the right side of the charging channel 16, the first fan blade 25 at the right side of the screw 23 is located in the first cavity 27, and the first fan blade 25 at the left side of the screw 23 is located in the charging channel 16; the second cavity 28 is located at the right side of the hot air channel 17, the second boosting fan 26 at the right side of the screw 23 is located in the second cavity 28, and the second boosting fan 26 at the left side of the screw 23 is located in the hot air channel 17.
As shown in fig. 3, a cavity is formed between the refractory bricks on the side wall of the waist furnace 8 and the side wall of the waist furnace 8, the refractory bricks are provided with strip-shaped holes 29, and the width of the strip-shaped holes 29 is smaller than the grain size of raw materials such as limestone, metal furnace burden and coke; the nut seat 24 is in threaded connection with the screw 23, the nut seat 24 is located in the cavity, the nut seat 24 is connected with the repair block 13 through the boosting pipe 18, and the boosting pipe 18 is made of tungsten steel. The nut seat 24 is also provided with a hole passage 30, the hole passage 30 is communicated with the annular cavity 14 through the boosting pipe 18, the side wall of the waist furnace 8 is provided with a feeding hole 31, and the hole passage 30 can be aligned with the feeding hole 31 after the repairing block 13 moves upwards.
Of course, a servo motor may be installed on the side wall of the rear furnace 2, and the screw 23 is driven to rotate forward and backward at the feeding channel 16 by a transmission chain.
The specific implementation process is as follows:
step 1: when the raw materials such as limestone, metal furnace charge and coke layer at the position of the waist furnace 8 fall into the rear furnace hearth 7 to be melted, firstly, refractory mortar is manually added into the annular cavity 14 of the repair block 13 from the feed hole 31, the pore passage 30 and the boosting pipe 18 (at the moment, the repair block 13 is positioned at the upper end of the waist furnace 8, and the pore passage 30 is aligned with the feed hole 31 as shown in figure 3); then the raw materials are fed into the position of the waist furnace 8 for preheating through a conveyor belt as shown in figure 2 from a feed opening 9 and a feed channel 16;
as shown in fig. 3, in the process that the raw material passes through the feeding channel 16, the pressing plate 19 rotates counterclockwise under the gravity of the raw material and pushes the sliding rod 21 and the blocking plate 22 to move downward, at this time, the spring 20 compresses, so that the blocking plate 22 blocks the hot air channel 17, and the raw material passes through the feeding channel 16 and pushes the first boosting fan sheet 25 to rotate, so as to drive the screw 23 to rotate, and further drive the nut seat 24 to move downward to the position shown in fig. 3;
step 2: the nut seat 24 drives the repairing block 13 to move downwards in the process of moving downwards at the position of the waist furnace 8, the repairing block 13 removes iron beans adhered to refractory bricks at the position of the waist furnace 8, meanwhile, after refractory mortar contained in the annular cavity 14 of the repairing block 13 overflows through the pore 15, the repairing block 13 coats the refractory mortar on the refractory bricks to repair the inner side walls of the refractory bricks;
and step 3: after the raw materials are completely added into the waist furnace 8, no raw materials pass through the pressing plate 19, at the moment, the sliding rod 21 and the plugging plate 22 move upwards under the elastic force of the spring 20, so that the pressing plate 19 is driven to rotate clockwise to plug the feeding channel 16, meanwhile, the plugging of the plugging plate 22 on the hot air channel 17 is removed, high-temperature furnace gas generated in the raw material melting process drives the second boosting fan blade 26 to rotate through the hot air channel 17, the screw rod 23 is driven to rotate reversely, the nut seat 24 and the repairing block 13 are driven to move upwards to reset, and the repairing block 13 repairs the inner side wall of the refractory brick again.
Claims (10)
1. A cupola furnace comprises a rear furnace, wherein the rear furnace comprises a waist furnace and a charging hole; the method is characterized in that: the waist furnace is provided with a hot air pipe and a repairing mechanism, the repairing mechanism comprises a repairing block and a plurality of boosting units, the repairing block is annular, an annular cavity is arranged in the repairing block, and the annular cavity is communicated with the outer side wall of the repairing block; a charging channel communicated with the charging opening is arranged on the side wall of the rear furnace, a hot air channel is arranged on the side wall of the upper end of the waist furnace, and the lower end of the waist furnace is communicated with the hot air channel through a hot air pipe;
each boosting unit comprises a ball screw pair, a boosting pipe and a plugging assembly, and the plugging assembly can intermittently plug the feeding channel and the hot air channel; the ball screw pair comprises a screw rod and a nut seat, the screw rod is rotatably arranged in the furnace wall of the rear furnace, a first boosting assembly and a second boosting assembly are arranged on the screw rod, the first boosting assembly is positioned in the feeding channel, and the second boosting assembly is positioned in the hot air channel; the nut seat is in threaded connection with the screw, a cavity is formed between a refractory brick on the side wall of the waist furnace and the side wall of the waist furnace, the nut seat is located in the cavity, and the nut seat is connected with the repair block through a boosting pipe.
2. A cupola furnace according to claim 1, wherein: the nut seat is provided with a pore passage, the pore passage is communicated with the annular cavity through the boosting pipe, the side wall of the waist furnace is provided with a feeding hole, and the pore passage can be aligned with the feeding hole.
3. A cupola furnace according to claim 2, wherein: the plugging assembly comprises a pressing plate, a spring, a sliding rod and a plugging plate, the sliding rod is arranged in the side wall of the rear furnace in a sliding mode, the spring is sleeved on the sliding rod, the lower end of the spring is fixedly connected with the side wall of the rear furnace, the upper end of the spring is fixedly connected with the sliding rod, and the plugging plate is fixedly connected with the lower end of the sliding rod; the pressing plate is hinged in the feeding channel and can push the sliding rod and the plugging plate to move downwards.
4. A cupola furnace according to claim 3, wherein: the middle part of the repairing block shrinks inwards along the radial direction, and the side wall of the repairing block is provided with a pore communicated with the annular cavity.
5. A cupola furnace according to claim 4, wherein: the feeding port is provided with a conveyor belt, the outer side wall of the rear furnace is fixedly connected with a supporting block, and the supporting block is positioned between the conveyor belt and the feeding port.
6. A cupola furnace according to claim 5, wherein: the rear furnace also comprises a rear furnace hearth, and an air inlet is formed in the side wall of the rear furnace hearth.
7. A cupola furnace according to claim 6, wherein: still include the forehearth, the forehearth includes taphole, slag notch, forehearth and gap bridge, forehearth and back hearth pass through the gap bridge intercommunication, taphole and slag notch are loudspeaker form.
8. A cupola furnace according to claim 7, wherein: the rear furnace also comprises a top furnace, and a spark cover is arranged at the upper end of the top furnace.
9. A cupola furnace according to claim 8, wherein: the boosting pipe is made of tungsten steel.
10. A process for repairing a cupola furnace according to claim 3, comprising the steps of:
step 1: when the raw materials at the position of the waist furnace fall into a rear furnace cylinder for melting, firstly adding refractory mortar into the annular cavity of the repair block from the feeding hole, the pore passage and the boosting pipe, and then adding the raw materials into the position of the waist furnace from the feeding hole for preheating; in the process that the raw materials pass through the feeding channel, the blocking plate blocks the hot air channel, and the raw materials pass through the feeding channel and simultaneously push the first boosting assembly to rotate, so that the screw rod is driven to rotate, and the nut seat is driven to move downwards;
step 2: the nut seat drives the repairing block to move downwards in the process of moving downwards at the waist furnace position, the repairing block removes iron beans adhered to the refractory bricks at the waist furnace position, and simultaneously, the refractory clay contained in the annular cavity of the repairing block overflows to repair the inner side wall of the refractory bricks;
and step 3: after the raw materials are completely added into the waist furnace, the sliding rod and the plugging plate move upwards under the elastic action of the spring, so that the pressing plate is driven to rotate, the feeding channel is plugged, meanwhile, the plugging of the plugging plate on the hot air channel is removed, high-temperature furnace gas generated in the raw material melting process drives the second boosting assembly to rotate through the hot air channel, the repairing block resets, and the inner side wall of the refractory brick is repaired again.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910223353.0A CN109945639B (en) | 2019-03-22 | 2019-03-22 | Cupola furnace and repairing process thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910223353.0A CN109945639B (en) | 2019-03-22 | 2019-03-22 | Cupola furnace and repairing process thereof |
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| CN109945639A CN109945639A (en) | 2019-06-28 |
| CN109945639B true CN109945639B (en) | 2020-04-24 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2852009Y (en) * | 2005-03-20 | 2006-12-27 | 于仁先 | External heating and blowing non-lining water-cooled cupola |
| CN201417073Y (en) * | 2009-06-11 | 2010-03-03 | 孙秉功 | Natural gas hot air furnace gas purification cupola furnace |
| CN104457215A (en) * | 2014-09-28 | 2015-03-25 | 刘建平 | Method for preparing high-temperature molten iron by fusing casting pigs |
| JP2016188709A (en) * | 2015-03-30 | 2016-11-04 | 株式会社クボタ | Fireproof wall repair method of surface melting furnace, and surface melting furnace |
| CN208382851U (en) * | 2018-06-12 | 2019-01-15 | 湖北八环机械科技有限公司 | A kind of furnace cupola |
-
2019
- 2019-03-22 CN CN201910223353.0A patent/CN109945639B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2852009Y (en) * | 2005-03-20 | 2006-12-27 | 于仁先 | External heating and blowing non-lining water-cooled cupola |
| CN201417073Y (en) * | 2009-06-11 | 2010-03-03 | 孙秉功 | Natural gas hot air furnace gas purification cupola furnace |
| CN104457215A (en) * | 2014-09-28 | 2015-03-25 | 刘建平 | Method for preparing high-temperature molten iron by fusing casting pigs |
| JP2016188709A (en) * | 2015-03-30 | 2016-11-04 | 株式会社クボタ | Fireproof wall repair method of surface melting furnace, and surface melting furnace |
| CN208382851U (en) * | 2018-06-12 | 2019-01-15 | 湖北八环机械科技有限公司 | A kind of furnace cupola |
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