CN109935839B - Current collector, lithium battery cell and lithium battery - Google Patents
Current collector, lithium battery cell and lithium battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN109935839B CN109935839B CN201711371270.3A CN201711371270A CN109935839B CN 109935839 B CN109935839 B CN 109935839B CN 201711371270 A CN201711371270 A CN 201711371270A CN 109935839 B CN109935839 B CN 109935839B
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 156
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 155
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 35
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002641 lithium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920006280 packaging film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012785 packaging film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of lithium batteries, in particular to a current collector, a lithium battery cell and a lithium battery, wherein the current collector comprises a current collector body and conductive contacts and/or gate electrodes uniformly arranged on a surface, far away from an electrolyte, of the current collector; the lithium battery cell comprises a negative electrode current collector, a negative electrode layer, an electrolyte layer, a positive electrode layer and a positive electrode current collector which are sequentially stacked, wherein the negative electrode current collector and the positive electrode current collector are the current collectors; the lithium battery comprises one or more lithium battery cells. The current collector has the advantages of uniform current distribution and heat distribution and low current density; the lithium battery cell and the lithium battery have the advantages of high working voltage and high charge and discharge efficiency.
Description
[ field of technology ]
The invention relates to the field of lithium batteries, in particular to a current collector, a lithium battery cell and a lithium battery.
[ background Art ]
The current lithium battery cell and the current lithium battery adopt aluminum and copper as current collector materials, and are led out through the tabs, so that the parallel connection and the external connection of a plurality of battery units are realized. For the traditional small-area lithium battery, the battery capacity density is lower, and the charge and discharge voltage is smaller, so that the current density on the surface of the electrode current collector is lower, larger heat cannot be generated, and the larger heat cannot be distributed unevenly as long as the larger current short circuit is not ensured, so that the current collector does not need to be optimized for current collection.
For a large-area all-solid-state lithium battery, since the battery can adopt materials such as a high-voltage positive electrode or an all-solid-state electrolyte, the battery has the technical requirement of rapid charge and discharge, if the battery is realized by adopting a traditional mode of leading out only a small number of tabs, the current distribution in the current collector is inevitably uneven due to the uneven spatial distribution of an electric field in an electrode structure, the local heat distribution in the battery material is uneven, if the heat conduction performance of the battery material is not good, the local temperature is too high, the expansion and damage of the material are caused, and even the melting, spontaneous combustion and explosion of the material are caused.
The basic constituent units in the lithium battery are generally connected in parallel, and the parallel working current of each basic constituent unit of the lithium battery cell in the lithium battery flows in/out through the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab. The above connection method has low working voltage, and in order to increase the charging or discharging power, it is often necessary to increase the working current, and the aging and attenuation process of the battery due to electric shock is accelerated. In addition, in the process that current is distributed to the whole current collector from the tab with smaller area, uneven current distribution and uneven heat distribution are easy to generate, so that the working states of battery materials of all parts in one plane are different, the overall performance of the battery is reduced, and the service life of the battery is further influenced. If the external electric equipment needs high-voltage driving, the external electric equipment needs boosting through an additional conversion circuit, so that the complexity of the power management system is increased.
[ invention ]
In order to solve the problems of uneven current distribution and heat distribution on the surface of the current collector, low working voltage and low charge-discharge efficiency of the current lithium battery cell and the lithium battery, the invention provides the current collector, the lithium battery cell and the lithium battery.
The invention provides a technical scheme for solving the technical problems as follows: a current collector for collecting current in a lithium battery cell or battery includes a current collector body and conductive contacts and/or gate electrodes uniformly disposed on a face of the current collector remote from an electrolyte.
Preferably, the conductive contact shape may be one or more of a circle, a square, and an irregular polygon.
Preferably, the conductive contacts are uniformly and symmetrically distributed on the surface of the current collector remote from the electrolyte so as to minimize the sum of the distances from each point on the surface of the current collector to the nearest neighboring conductive contacts.
Preferably, the conductive contact includes one or more of a metal contact such as Cu, ni, au, ag, sn or Al, and a conductive nonmetal such as Si or C, and the conductive contact may be formed on a surface of the current collector away from the electrolyte by one or a combination of ultrasonic welding, laser welding, coating, or vacuum deposition.
Preferably, the conductive contacts may be formed on the surface of the current collector remote from the electrolyte by one or a combination of ultrasonic welding or laser welding.
Preferably, the gate electrode includes uniformly arranged gate lines, and the shape of the gate electrode includes one or more of square, circular, symmetrical polygonal, or wire type, and the gate electrode may be formed on a surface of the current collector remote from the electrolyte by coating or screen printing.
Preferably, the current collector has a maximum local current density of less than 30mA/m 2 。
Preferably, the conductive contacts are uniformly distributed on the grid intersections or on the grid center.
The invention provides a technical scheme for solving the technical problems as follows: a lithium battery cell comprising a current collector as described above.
The invention provides a technical scheme for solving the technical problems as follows: a lithium battery comprising one or more lithium battery cells as described above.
Compared with the prior art, the lithium battery cell, the lithium battery and the preparation method thereof provided by the invention have the following beneficial effects:
according to the current collector, the conductive contact and/or the gate electrode are/is arranged on the surface of the current collector, so that the current collection area on the current collector is increased; furthermore, the conductive contacts and/or the gate electrodes are uniformly arranged on the surface of the current collector, so that the current density on the current collector is uniformly distributed, and the current collection efficiency is also improved; further, by optimizing the number, shape, distribution form and distribution density of the external welding spots, the sum of distances from each point on the surface of the current collector to the nearest adjacent end point is minimized, the current density is further uniformly distributed in the planar current collector, and the maximum local area current density is further smaller than 30mA/m 2 。
Further, by optimizing the patterned design of the gate electrode, the current on the surface of the current collector is uniformly distributed, and the maximum local area current density is smaller than 30mA/m 2 . Furthermore, through the matching of the welding spots and the gate electrode, the current on the surface of the current collector is uniformly distributed, and the current density and the impedance of the current collector body are minimized. So that the heat distribution on the surface of the current collector is uniform, the current collector of the lithium battery cell is kept low in current density and uniform in heat distribution under high voltage, the attenuation of the lithium battery cell caused by electric impact is greatly slowed down, and the lithium battery cell is prolongedThe service life of the core provides the safety of a large-area all-solid-state lithium battery.
According to the lithium battery cell provided by the invention, all layers are sequentially and densely stacked, and the lithium battery cell is thin in thickness and large in area, so that the capacity of a single lithium battery cell can reach more than 2000 Wh; and through the current collector provided by the invention, the current distribution in the current collector plane can be uniform in the large-area lithium battery cell, and the current collector of the lithium battery cell can be kept at 30mA/m under high voltage 2 The low current density and the heat distribution are uniform, the attenuation of the lithium battery cell caused by electric impact is greatly slowed down, the service life of the lithium battery cell is prolonged, and the lithium battery cell can achieve more than 10 ℃ of charge and discharge.
According to the lithium battery provided by the invention, the current collector provided by the invention is used, a plurality of lithium battery cells are stacked, and a positive and negative common electrode current collector is shared between every two adjacent lithium battery cells, so that a plurality of stacked and connected in series are realized, and the lithium battery can achieve an output voltage exceeding 1500V; meanwhile, the layers in each lithium battery cell are closely stacked, and the lithium battery cells are closely stacked and connected in series, so that the lithium battery can achieve energy density of more than 1200Wh/kg, and the capacity of a single lithium battery cell can reach more than 2000 Wh.
Further, by uniformly arranging the conductive contacts and/or the grid lines on the current collector or the substrate of the lithium battery, current distribution in the current collector surface is uniform in the large-area lithium battery, and further, the current collector of the lithium battery keeps low current density and uniform heat distribution under high voltage, battery attenuation caused by electric impact is greatly slowed down, the service life of the battery core of the lithium battery is prolonged, the difficulty of power supply management is greatly reduced, and meanwhile, charging and discharging of more than 10C of the lithium battery are realized.
[ description of the drawings ]
Fig. 1 is a schematic front view of a current collector according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the current collector and the external terminal of the present invention.
Fig. 3A is a schematic front view of a current collector according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3B is a schematic view of a variation of the current collector of fig. 3A according to the present invention
Fig. 4A is a schematic front view of a current collector according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4B is a schematic representation of a variation of the current collector of fig. 4A in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 4C is a schematic view of another variation of the current collector of fig. 4A according to the present invention.
Fig. 5A is a schematic front view of a current collector according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5B, 5C, 5D, 5E, 5F, through 5G are schematic views of the current collector of fig. 5A according to the present invention.
Fig. 6A is a schematic structural diagram of a lithium battery cell and a schematic diagram of a lithium battery cell and an external terminal fitting in a sixth embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 6B is a schematic diagram of a modification of the battery cell of the lithium battery according to the present invention.
Fig. 7A is a schematic view of a lithium battery according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7B is a schematic view of a lithium battery package structure according to the present invention.
Fig. 7C, 7E, 7F and 7G are schematic views illustrating the deformation of the lithium battery cell in fig. 7A.
Fig. 7C is an enlarged schematic view of the portion a in fig. 7D.
Fig. 7H is an enlarged schematic view of the portion B in fig. 7G.
Fig. 8 is a schematic view of a lithium battery according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic view showing the structure of a lithium battery in a ninth embodiment of the present invention.
[ detailed description ] of the invention
For the purpose of making the technical solution and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples of implementation. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, in a first embodiment of the present invention, a current collector 100 is provided, the current collector 100 is used for collecting and conducting current, and the current collector 100 may be any one or more of Cu, ni, au, ag, al, si or C; further, the current collector 100 is preferably Cu or an alloy of Cu with one or more of Ni, au, ag, al, si or C. It mainly includes a current collector body 1001 and a conductive contact 1002 and a gate electrode 1003 disposed on one side of the current collector body 101. The conductive contacts 1002 and gate electrode 1003 are uniformly distributed over the current collector 100. The conductive contact 1002 or gate electrode 1003 is electrically connected to the external terminal 300 through the wire 200.
The current collector 100 may be prepared by physical vapor deposition processes such as sputtering, evaporation, etc., or may be a prefabricated current collector 100. The thickness D1 can be 200nm-10 μm; further, the thickness D1 of the current collector 100 may be 3 μm to 10 μm; specifically, the thickness D1 of the current collector 100 may be 200nm, 500nm, 1 μm, 3 μm, 5 μm, 8 μm, or 10 μm.
The conductive contacts 1002 generally comprise any one or more of Cu, ni, au, ag, al, sn, si or C. The conductive contacts 1002 may be one or more of circular, square, and irregular polygons. The conductive contacts may be formed on the surface of the current collector body remote from the electrolyte by one or a combination of ultrasonic welding, laser welding, coating, or vacuum deposition.
The gate electrode 1003 is mainly composed of uniformly and symmetrically distributed gate lines 1004, and the gate electrode 1003 mainly comprises any one or more of Cu, ni, au, ag, al, si or C. The gate lines 1004 are formed into gate electrodes 1003 of various shapes by various arrangements. The shape of the gate electrode 1003 includes one or more of square, circular, symmetrical polygonal, or wire-type. The gate electrode 1003 may be formed on the surface of the current collector body 1001 remote from the electrolyte by coating or screen printing.
The maximum local current density on the current collector 100 is less than or equal to 10-30mA/m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Further, the maximum local current density on the current collector 100 is less than or equal to 15-25mA/m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Specifically, the maximum local current density on the current collector 100 is less than or equal to 10mA/m 2 、15mA/m 2 、20mA/m 2 、25mA/m 2 Or 30mA/m 2 。
Referring to fig. 3A, in a second embodiment of the present invention, a current collector 100 is provided, which is different from the above embodiment in that the current collector 100 includes a current collector body 1001 and a gate electrode 1003, and the gate electrode 1003 is gridded on the surface of the current collector 100. The gate electrode 1003 further includes a main gate line 1004 and an auxiliary gate line 1006. The main grid line 1004 divides the current collector body 1001 into a plurality of current collecting regions 1005. The auxiliary gate line 1006 may be further disposed within the collector region 1005, and connected to the main gate line 1004.
In one embodiment of the second embodiment of the present invention, the ratio of the one-to-one speed of the one-to- 2 (5-20) main grid lines 1004 are uniformly distributed on the current collector body 1001; further, every 1dm 2 (6-16) main grid lines 1004 are uniformly distributed on the current collector body 1001; specifically, every 1dm 2 The current collector body 1001 is uniformly distributed with 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 16 or 20 main grid lines 1004.
In another embodiment of the second embodiment of the present invention, the current collector 100 is square and is arranged every 1dm 2 The gate electrode 1003 arranged on the current collector body 1001 includes 16 main gate lines 1004, and the main gate lines 1004 are arranged 8 lines on the current collector body 1001 in a horizontal and vertical direction and are vertically arranged at equal intervals, so that the current collector body 1001 is divided into 99 current collecting regions 1005.
Referring to fig. 3B, in another embodiment of the second embodiment of the present invention, the current collector 100 is circular, the gate electrode 1003 includes two main gate lines 1004 along the diameter direction of the current collector body 1001, and circular main gate lines 1004 concentrically distributed with the current collector body 1001, and the arrangement pitch of the circular main gate lines 1004 decreases from the center of the current collector body 1001 to the edge of the current collector body 1001 in order to ensure that the area of the current collecting region 1005 formed by dividing the gate lines 1004 is equal.
Referring to fig. 4A, in a third embodiment of the present invention, a current collector 100 is provided, which is different from the above embodiment in that the current collector 100 includes a current collector body 1001 and conductive contacts 1002, and the conductive contacts 1002 are arranged in a matrix on the current collector body 1001, so as to minimize the total distance from each point on the current collector body 1001 to the nearest neighboring conductive contact 1002. It will be appreciated that the sum of the current paths is at this point minimized, thereby reducing the overall resistance of the force collector 100.
In one implementation of the above embodiment of the present invention, the distribution density of the conductive contacts 1002 on the current collector body 1001 is (0.25-15) pieces/cm 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Further, the distribution density of the conductive contacts 1002 on the current collector body 1001 is (1-10) pieces/cm 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Specifically, the distribution density of the conductive contacts 1002 on the current collector body 1001 is 0.25/cm 2 0.5 pieces/cm 2 1/cm 2 2/cm 2 3/cm 2 4/cm 2 8 pieces/cm 2 10 pieces/cm 2 15 pieces/cm 2 18 pieces/cm 2 Or 20/cm 2 . The current collector body 1001 in this embodiment has a distribution density of 18 pieces/cm 2 。
With continued reference to fig. 4A, in another embodiment of the third embodiment of the present invention, the conductive contact 1002 includes a square conductive contact formed by an ultrasonic welding method, wherein the square conductive contact has a size of 0.4-2.0mm 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Further, the size of the conductive pad 4002 may be 1.0-1.7mm 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Specifically, the dimensions of the conductive pad 4002 include 0.4.0mm 2 、0.7mm 2 、1.0mm 2 、1.1mm 2 、1.3mm 2 、1.6mm 2 、1.7mm 2 Or 2.0mm 2 The square conductive contacts 1002 are arranged at equal intervals, and the subsection intervals of the square conductive contacts 1002 are not smaller than 0.6mm. Further, the square conductive contact 1002 in this embodiment is preferably 1.3mm in size 2 The distribution interval is 5mm.
Referring to fig. 4B, in another embodiment of the third embodiment of the present invention, the conductive contact 1002 includes a circular conductive contact 1002 formed by a laser welding method, the circular conductive contact 1002 having a diameter of 0.7-1.1mm 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Further, the size of the conductive pad 4002 may be 0.8-1.0mm 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the In particular, the method comprises the steps of,the dimensions of the circular conductive pad 4002 include 0.7mm 2 、0.8mm 2 、0.9mm 2 、1.0mm 2 Or 1.1mm 2 The circular conductive contacts 1002 are arranged at equal intervals, and the subsection intervals of the circular conductive contacts 1002 are not smaller than 0.5mm. Further, the circular conductive contact 1002 in this embodiment is preferably 1.0mm in size 2 The distribution interval is 5mm.
Referring to fig. 4C, in another embodiment of the third embodiment of the present invention, a square conductive contact 1002 is formed on the current collector body 1001 by advanced ultrasonic welding, and then ultrasonic welding is performed in a gap between the square conductive contact 1002 to form a circular conductive contact 1002. The square conductive contacts 1002 are preferably 1.3mm in size and 5mm in distribution pitch; the circular conductive contacts 1002 are preferably 1.0mm in size and 5mm in distribution pitch.
Referring to fig. 5A and 5B, in a fourth embodiment of the present invention, a current collector 100 is provided, the current collector 100 including a current collector body 1001, a conductive contact 1002, and a gate electrode 1003. The gate electrode 1003 is disposed on the current collector body 1001 in a grid manner, the gate electrode 1003 includes a plurality of gate lines 1004, the plurality of gate lines 1004 divide the current collector body 1001 into a plurality of current collecting regions 1005 with equal areas, and the conductive contacts 1002 are distributed at the intersections of the gate lines 1004 or at the center of the current collecting regions 1005.
Referring to FIGS. 5C and 5D, in a fourth embodiment of the present invention, a current collector 100 is provided, wherein the current collector 100 is square and each 1dm 2 The gate electrode 1003 arranged on the current collector body 1001 includes 16 main gate lines 1004, and the gate lines 1004 are arranged 8 lines on the current collector body 1001 in a horizontal and vertical direction and are vertically arranged at equal intervals, so that the current collector body 1001 is divided into 99 current collecting regions 1005. The conductive contacts 1002 may be uniformly arranged at the center of each collector region 1005 or at the intersections of the main gate lines 1004.
Referring to fig. 5E and fig. 5F, in another embodiment of the fourth embodiment of the present invention, the current collector 100 is circular, the gate electrode 1003 includes a gate line 1004 along the diameter direction of the current collector body 1001, and circular gate lines 1004 distributed concentrically with the current collector body 1001, and the pitch of the circular gate lines 1004 decreases from the center of the current collector body 1001 to the edge of the current collector body 1001 in order to ensure that the areas of the current collecting regions 1005 divided by the gate lines 1004 are equal. Further, the conductive contact 1002 is disposed at the intersection of the gate lines 1004 or at the center of the collector region 1005.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the conductive contacts 1002 are arranged at equal intervals in the current collector body, and the distribution density is 18/cm 2 . Meanwhile, a wire-shaped gate electrode 1003 is arranged around the conductive contact 1002, wherein the gate electrode 1003 may further include symmetrically distributed gate lines 1004, and the number of the gate lines 1004 may be 2-10; preferably, the number of the grid lines 1004 may be 2-8; specifically, the number of the gate lines 1004 may be 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10. The plurality of gate lines 1004 are distributed in a circular shape with equal angles with respect to the conductive contacts 1002; the length of the gate line 1004 is preferably 0.3-0.45 of the distance between the two conductive contacts 1002 along the extending direction of the gate line. The number of the gate lines 1004 in this embodiment is preferably 8, and the length of the gate line 4002 is preferably 0.45 of the distance between the two conductive contacts 1002 along the extending direction of the gate line.
Referring to fig. 5G, in another implementation of the above embodiment of the present invention, at the edge of the current collector body 1001, when the distance from the conductive contact 1002 to the edge of the current collector body 1001 is less than 0.45 of the distance between the two conductive contacts 1002, the gate line 1004 on the conductive contact 1002 at the edge may be disposed only toward the center direction of the current collector body 1001. The number of the grid lines 1004 can be 3-8; preferably, the number of the grid lines 1004 may be 3-6; specifically, the number of the gate lines 1004 may be 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8; the number of the gate lines 1004 in this embodiment is preferably 5.
In a fifth embodiment of the present invention, a current collector 100 is provided, which is different from the current collector in the above embodiment in that the current collector body 1001 is irregularly shaped, and further, the conductive contacts 1002 and/or the gate electrodes 1003 are also arranged according to the shape of the current collector body 1001, so as to ensure that the sum of the distances from each point on the current collector body 1001 to the nearest neighboring conductive contact 1002 or gate electrode 1003 is minimum. It will be appreciated that the sum of the paths of the current on the current collector body 1001 is at this point minimized, thereby reducing the overall resistance of the current collector 100.
Specifically, the conductive contacts 1002 may be provided in different shapes according to the shape of the current collector body 1001, and the conductive contacts 1002 may be provided in different curvatures, or may be provided in different pitches; the gate electrode 1003 may be formed in a different shape and a different distribution pitch, or may be formed with different auxiliary gate lines 1006, etc., according to the shape of the current collector body 1001.
Referring to fig. 6A to 6B, in a sixth embodiment of the present invention, a lithium battery cell 10 is provided, and the lithium battery cell 10 includes a negative electrode current collector 11, a negative electrode 12, an electrolyte 13, a positive electrode 14, and a positive electrode current collector 15 stacked in order. The negative electrode current collector 11 and the positive electrode current collector 15 are current collectors 100 in the above-described first embodiment of the present invention only in the fifth embodiment, and conductive contacts 1002 and/or gate electrodes 1003 are provided on the surfaces of the negative electrode current collector 11 and the positive electrode current collector 15 away from the electrolyte 13. The manner of disposing the conductive contact 1002 and/or the gate electrode 1003 on the negative electrode current collector 11 and the positive electrode current collector 15 is the same as that in the first to fifth embodiments, and will not be described again.
In other embodiments of the sixth embodiment of the present invention, an interface modification layer 18 is further disposed between the electrolyte 13 and the negative electrode 12, and the positive electrode 14. The interface modification layer 18 is mainly used for optimizing the interface performance between the electrolyte 13 and the negative electrode 12 and between the electrolyte 13 and the positive electrode 14, reducing interface impedance and promoting lithium ion conduction. The surface modification layer mainly comprises a solid electrolyte.
In other embodiments of the sixth embodiment of the present invention, the lithium battery cell 100 is different from the above embodiments in that the lithium battery cell 100 further includes a substrate 19, and a side of the negative electrode current collector 11 and/or the positive electrode current collector 15 away from the electrolyte 13 is disposed on the substrate 19. The substrate 19, the negative electrode current collector 11 and the positive electrode current collector 15, may be separately disposed.
Further, the substrate 19 includes a second substrate 192 and a first substrate 191, which are detachably disposed in order from a direction away from the negative electrode current collector 11 and the positive electrode current collector 15. The first substrate 191 is a hard substrate, preferably glass; the second substrate 192 is a flexible substrate, preferably a PI film.
Meanwhile, the first substrate 191 and/or the second substrate 192 are provided with through holes 193, and the positions of the through holes 193 correspond to the positions of the conductive contacts 1002 or the gate electrodes 1003 on the negative electrode current collector 11 and the positive electrode current collector 15; the through holes 193 are provided at positions corresponding to the number of conductive contacts 1002 or gate electrodes 1003 on the negative electrode current collector 11 and the positive electrode current collector 15. Further, the through hole 193 is filled with a conductive material and electrically connected to the conductive contacts 1002 or the gate electrode 1003 on the negative electrode current collector 11 and the positive electrode current collector 15; preferably, a first conductive line is disposed in the via 193 to connect to the conductive contact 1002 and/or the gate electrode 1003.
In other embodiments of the sixth embodiment of the present invention, the side of the positive electrode current collector 15 and the negative electrode current collector 12 away from the electrolyte 13 in the lithium battery cell 10 is defined as two opposite end surfaces 1009, and the surface of the lithium battery cell 100 between the two end surfaces 1009 is defined as a side 1008 of the lithium battery cell 100. The side 131 of the electrolyte 13 is flush with the side 1008 of the lithium battery cell 100 or partially overlies the side 1008 of the lithium battery cell 100. It will be appreciated that the side 1008 of the lithium battery cell 100 may also be coated with a layer of electrolyte 13. By covering the side 1008 of the lithium battery cell 100 with the electrolyte 13 which only conducts lithium ions but does not conduct electrons, the short circuit between the positive electrode 14 and the negative electrode 12 of the lithium battery cell 100 and between the positive electrode current collector 15 and the negative electrode current collector 11 is effectively prevented, the battery structure is damaged, and the personal safety of a user is threatened.
Referring to fig. 7A-7H, in a seventh embodiment of the present invention, a lithium battery 1 is provided, and the lithium battery 1 includes a lithium battery cell 10 and a packaging structure 17 in a sixth embodiment. The positive electrode current collector 15 of the lithium battery cell 10 is used as the positive electrode current collector 15 of the lithium battery, and the negative electrode current collector 11 of the lithium battery 10 is used as the negative electrode current collector 11 of the lithium battery. The positive current collector 15 and the negative current collector 11 are the current collectors 100 in the first to fifth embodiments, and are not described herein. The packaging structure 17 is arranged on the side 1008 of the lithium battery cell 10 in a covering way. The packaging structure 17 is sequentially stacked with a barrier layer 171, a barrier layer 172 and a protective layer 173 from the position close to the lithium battery cell 10 to the position far from the lithium battery cell 10. The packaging structure 17 is covered on the side 1008 of the lithium battery cell 10, or on a part of the end 1009 where the side 1008 of the lithium battery cell 10 and the side 1008 of the lithium battery cell 10 are combined.
The packaging structure 17 may be formed on the lithium battery cell 10 layer by layer; the packaging structure 17 may also be a prefabricated packaging film, and is compounded on the lithium battery cell 10 by hot pressing, so as to form the lithium battery 10.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the side 1008 of the lithium battery cell 10 is covered with the electrolyte 13, and the packaging structure 17 is covered on a surface of the electrolyte 13 away from the lithium battery cell 10, so as to form the lithium battery 10.
Further, the lithium battery 10 further comprises a substrate 19 disposed on the surface of the positive electrode current collector 15 and/or the negative electrode current collector 11 away from the electrolyte 13, wherein the substrate 19 is disposed separately from the negative electrode current collector 11 and the positive electrode current collector 15.
Further, the substrate 19 includes a second substrate 191 and a first substrate 192, which are detachably disposed in order from a direction away from the negative electrode current collector 11 and the positive electrode current collector 15. The first substrate 191 is a hard substrate,
preferably glass; the second substrate 192 is a flexible substrate, preferably a PI film. Meanwhile, the lithium battery 10 may include only the second substrate 192, thereby forming a flexible lithium battery.
Further, when the first substrate 191 and/or the second substrate 192 are provided with a through hole 193, the through hole 193 is filled with a conductive material and electrically connected with the negative electrode current collector 11 and the positive electrode current collector 15; preferably, the method comprises the steps of,
the metal filled conductive contacts in the vias 193. Further, the area of the substrate 19 is larger than the area of the positive current collector 15 or the negative current collector 11 of the lithium battery cell 10, and the packaging structure 17 is covered on a part of the substrate 19 of the lithium battery cell 10.
Referring to fig. 8, in an eighth embodiment of the present invention, a lithium battery 2 is provided, and the lithium battery 2 includes two lithium battery cells 10. The lithium battery cells 10 are stacked, and the two lithium battery cells 10 share a positive and negative common electrode current collector 5. Namely, the lithium battery cell 10 is sequentially stacked with a negative electrode current collector 11, a positive electrode 12, an electrolyte 13, a positive electrode 14 and a positive and negative common electrode current collector 5; the negative electrode 12 of the other lithium battery cell 10 is directly formed on the surface of the positive and negative common electrode current collector 5 far away from the positive electrode 14, and then the electrolyte 13, the positive electrode 14 and the positive electrode current collector 15 are sequentially stacked on the negative electrode 12.
Wherein the negative electrode current collector 11 is used as a negative electrode current collector of the lithium battery 2; the positive electrode current collector 15 serves as a positive electrode current collector of the lithium battery 2. The positive current collector 15 and the negative current collector 11 are the current collectors 100 in the first to fifth embodiments, and are not described herein. It can be understood that the lithium battery cells 10 stacked on each other and sharing a common positive and negative current collector 5 are connected in series. Other limitations of the lithium battery in this embodiment are the same as those of the above embodiment, and will not be repeated here;
referring to fig. 9, in a ninth embodiment of the present invention, a lithium battery 3 is provided, where the lithium battery 3 includes a plurality of stacked lithium battery cells 10, and further, the number of stacked lithium battery cells 10 is preferably 300-400. Wherein, a positive and negative common electrode current collector 5 is shared between every two lithium battery cells 10. It is understood that two adjacent lithium battery cells 10 are connected in series, and it is further understood that a plurality of lithium battery cells 10 in the lithium battery 3 are connected in series. The lithium battery cell 10 is the lithium battery cell 10 described in the sixth embodiment. The lithium battery 30 further includes a packaging structure 37 and a substrate 39, and the manner of arrangement between the packaging structure 37 and the substrate 39 and the lithium battery 30, and other limitations of the lithium battery 30 are the same as those of the foregoing embodiments, and will not be described herein.
Compared with the prior art, the lithium battery cell, the lithium battery and the preparation method thereof provided by the invention have the following beneficial effects:
according to the current collector, the conductive contact and/or the gate electrode are/is arranged on the surface of the current collector, so that the current collection area on the current collector is increased; furthermore, the conductive contacts and/or the gate electrodes are uniformly arranged on the surface of the current collector, so that the current density on the current collector is uniformly distributed, and the current collection efficiency is also improved; further, by optimizing the number, shape, distribution form and distribution density of the external welding spots, the sum of distances from each point on the surface of the current collector to the nearest adjacent end point is minimized, the current density is further uniformly distributed in the planar current collector, and the maximum local area current density is further smaller than 30mA/m 2 。
Further, by optimizing the patterned design of the gate electrode, the current on the surface of the current collector is uniformly distributed, and the maximum local area current density is smaller than 30mA/m 2 . Furthermore, through the matching of the welding spots and the gate electrode, the current on the surface of the current collector is uniformly distributed, and the current density and the impedance of the current collector body are minimized. And then make the surface heat distribution of the electric current body even, and then realized that lithium battery electric core electric current body keeps low current density and heat distribution even under high voltage, slowed down the decay of lithium battery electric core that the electric impact leads to greatly, prolonged lithium battery electric core's life, provided the safety of the full solid-state lithium battery of large tracts of land.
According to the lithium battery cell provided by the invention, all layers are sequentially and densely stacked, and the lithium battery cell is thin in thickness and large in area, so that the capacity of a single lithium battery cell can reach more than 2000 Wh; and through the current collector provided by the invention, the current distribution in the current collector plane can be uniform in the large-area lithium battery cell, and the current collector of the lithium battery cell can be kept at 30mA/m under high voltage 2 The low current density and the heat distribution are uniform, the attenuation of the lithium battery cell caused by electric impact is greatly slowed down, and the service life of the lithium battery cell is prolongedAnd the battery core of the lithium battery can achieve more than 10 ℃ charge and discharge.
According to the lithium battery provided by the invention, the current collector provided by the invention is used, a plurality of lithium battery cells are stacked, and a positive and negative common electrode current collector is shared between every two adjacent lithium battery cells, so that a plurality of stacked and connected in series are realized, and the lithium battery can achieve an output voltage exceeding 1500V; meanwhile, the layers in each lithium battery cell are closely stacked, and the lithium battery cells are closely stacked and connected in series, so that the lithium battery can achieve energy density of more than 1200Wh/kg, and the capacity of a single lithium battery cell can reach more than 2000 Wh.
Further, by uniformly arranging the conductive contacts and/or the grid lines on the current collector or the substrate of the lithium battery, current distribution in the current collector surface is uniform in the large-area lithium battery, and further, the current collector of the lithium battery keeps low current density and uniform heat distribution under high voltage, battery attenuation caused by electric impact is greatly slowed down, the service life of the battery core of the lithium battery is prolonged, the difficulty of power supply management is greatly reduced, and meanwhile, charging and discharging of more than 10C of the lithium battery are realized.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention, but any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. within the principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A current collector for collecting current in a lithium battery cell or battery, characterized by: the current collector comprises a current collector body, and a conductive contact and a gate electrode which are uniformly arranged on the surface of the current collector far away from the electrolyte, wherein the conductive contact and the gate electrode are electrically connected with an external endpoint through a wire;
the grid electrode comprises a plurality of uniformly arranged grid lines, and the grid lines divide the surface of the current collector into a plurality of current collecting areas with equal areas; the conductive contacts are distributed at the intersection points of the grid lines or at the center of the current collecting area, and the sum of the distances from each point of the surface of the current collector body to the nearest conductive contact is minimum.
2. A current collector as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the conductive contact shape may be one or more of a circle, a square, and an irregular polygon.
3. A current collector as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the conductive contact comprises a Cu, ni, au, ag, sn or Al metal contact and one or more of Si or C conductive nonmetal contacts, and the conductive contact can be formed on the surface of the current collector, which is far away from the electrolyte, through one or a combination of ultrasonic welding, laser welding, coating or vacuum deposition.
4. A current collector as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the conductive contacts may be formed on the surface of the current collector remote from the electrolyte by one or a combination of ultrasonic welding or laser welding.
5. A current collector as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the shape of the gate electrode may include one or more of square, circular, symmetrical polygonal, or wire-type, and the gate electrode may be formed on a surface of the current collector remote from the electrolyte by coating or screen printing.
6. A current collector as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the maximum local current density of the current collector is less than 30mA/m 2 。
7. A current collector as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: the conductive contacts are uniformly distributed on the grid intersection points or the grid center.
8. The utility model provides a lithium cell electricity core which characterized in that: a current collector comprising the current collector of claim 7.
9. A lithium battery, characterized in that: comprising one or more lithium battery cells according to claim 8.
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