CN109935279A - A kind of power plant's SCR denitration volume design and calculation method - Google Patents
A kind of power plant's SCR denitration volume design and calculation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of calculation methods of SCR denitration design volume, pass through the data such as analysis power plant design fire coal coal quality, denitrating system design entry Gas Parameters, calculate decay of activity coefficient when each layer SCR denitration under current operating conditions reaches the chemical lifetime guarantee time, new clothes layer is obtained on the basis of meeting denitration performance and guaranteeing index or replaces the denitration efficiency of layer SCR denitration, volume calculation formula is substituted into, obtains meeting the SCR denitration design volume needed for current NOx emission requires.It is calculated by the denitration efficiency to layer SCR denitration each under operating status, to achieve the purpose that SCR denitration volume layering consideration, hierarchical design, on the one hand can be designed to avoid volume insufficient and discharge risk not up to standard there are denitration, on the other hand can prevent volume design it is excessive and cause denitration cost to improve, the wasting of resources the occurrence of.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the production of power plant's SCR denitration designs the present invention relates to a kind of, and in particular to SCR denitration is urged
The design of agent volume calculates.
Background technique
In face of NO increasingly strict at presentxEmission request, selective catalytic reduction (SCR) flue-gas denitration process is because of technology
It is mature, take up little area, the advantages such as denitration efficiency height by coal-burning power plant as removal NOxThe main effective means of flue gas and adopt extensively
With.As the core of SCR flue-gas denitration process, the cost of catalyst accounts for about the 1/3 of denitrification apparatus, composition, structure, activity etc.
Parameter has a direct impact the denitration efficiency and its operation conditions of flue gas denitrification system.
For the volume design problem of SCR denitration, catalyst producer is mainly calculated using design software, but
Design software can only provide the design volume number that denitrification apparatus SCR denitration integrally changes the outfit, the feelings to change the outfit in face of non-integral
Condition, what catalyst producer more used for reference is history design data of the design experiences with power plant's SCR denitration of itself, is faced
The otherness of the working condition of power plant's complexity and each layer SCR denitration operation conditions, this method often lack science,
The result that volume calculates cannot fully consider the substantial activity attenuation after each layer SCR denitration operation a period of time.
SCR denitration has service life, so SCR denitration is easy in coal-burning power plant's power generation process
Consumption product should generally be replaced every 3 years.If the volume design margin of SCR denitration is excessive, in Coal Combustion in China electricity
It will cause the very big wasting of resources under the overall situation of factory's SCR catalyst for denitrating flue gas market great demand amount and replacement amount, simultaneously
The denitration cost of power plant is greatly improved, brings many such as SO for denitrification process2/SO3The technologies such as conversion ratio improves, pressure drop increases
Problem；If the volume design margin of SCR denitration is too small, there can be denitration and discharge risk not up to standard.Therefore, in body
Cost control of the precision control to denitration is carried out in the decay of activity situation of fortune SCR denitration to each layer in product design process
System and safe and stable operation have great importance.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems in the existing technology, providing one kind, the present invention provides a kind of pair of SCR denitrations by the present invention
Catalyst is layered the volume design and calculation method of consideration, hierarchical design.
In order to achieve the above object, a kind of technical solution proposed by the present invention are as follows: power plant's SCR denitration volume design
Calculation method, which comprises the steps of:
Step 1: type, specification and the V of setting SCR denitration2O5Content determines the initial activity under standard condition
K0, and calculate the initial activity K under operating condition0':
Step 2: calculate current operating conditions under SCR denitration reach chemical lifetime guarantee the time when inactivation because
Son determines decay of activity coefficient:
Step 3: calculating the entrance NH currently run when each layer SCR denitration reaches the chemical lifetime guarantee time3/
NOxWith denitration efficiency；
Step 4 calculates new clothes layer or replacement layer SCR denitration according to the denitration efficiency of obtained each layer SCR denitration
The denitration efficiency that catalyst needs, and calculate required SCR denitration design volume:
Step 5: SO is obtained by calculation2/SO3Conversion ratio, pressure drop results and with performance guarantee Indexes Comparison, judge SCR
Whether denitrating catalyst design volume meets the requirements.
Step 6: by SO2/SO3Conversion ratio, pressure drop results and performance guarantee Indexes Comparison, if meeting the requirements, output valve
For optimal volume design value；If it does not meet the requirements, then the specification of return step a pair of SCR denitration, V2O5Content is adjusted
It is whole, above-mentioned steps are repeated until output optimal volume design value.
Above-mentioned technical proposal is further designed to: the active K in the step 1 under operating condition0' calculation method
Are as follows:
In formula, fTFor the modifying factor at a temperature of operating condition,For H under operating condition2The modifying factor of O content,For O under operating condition2The modifying factor of content.
The calculation method of the inactivation factor are as follows:
Wherein: f (θ) is inactivation factor, QiFor the influence coefficient of deactivating materials, i is deactivating materials species number, and f (T) is fortune
The influence coefficient of trip temperature.
The calculation method of the decay of activity coefficient are as follows:
Ke/K0=e-f(θ)×(t+Δt)
Wherein: Ke/K0For decay of activity coefficient, Ke is that SCR denitration runs corresponding activity after a period of time, T
For the time of corresponding SCR denitration operation, Δ t is that the chemical lifetime of corresponding SCR denitration guarantees the time.
The calculation method of the denitration efficiency are as follows:
Wherein: KiReach activity when chemical lifetime guarantees the time for SCR denitration, AV is face velocity, ηiIt is i-th
The denitration efficiency of layer SCR denitration, MRiFor the NH of i-th layer of SCR denitration entrance3/NOx。
The NH of i-th layer of SCR denitration entrance3/NOxCalculation method are as follows:
Wherein: MRiFor the NH of i-th layer of SCR denitration entrance3/NOx, MRi-1Enter for (i-1)-th layer of SCR denitration
The NH of mouth3/NOx, ηi-1For the denitration efficiency of (i-1)-th layer of SCR denitration.
The SCR denitration design volume are as follows:
Wherein: Q is design entry exhaust gas volumn, and MR is new clothes layer or replacement layer SCR denitration entrance NH3/NOx；η is
The denitration efficiency that new clothes layer or replacement layer SCR denitration need, ApFor new clothes layer or replace the several of layer SCR denitration
What specific surface area, KeReach the activity when design chemical lifetime time, f for new clothes layer or replacement layer SCR denitration
It (safety) is volume design safety factor (DSF).
The SO2/SO3The calculation method of conversion ratio are as follows:
Wherein:For SO2/SO3Conversion ratio,For SO under operating condition2Oxidation constant, SV ' be air speed SV
Modifying factor.
The calculation method of the air speed SV are as follows:
Wherein: SV is flue gas air speed, and Q is design entry exhaust gas volumn, and V is new clothes layer or replacement layer SCR denitration cloth
Postpone SCR denitration total volume.
The calculation method of the catalyst pressure drop result are as follows:
P=λ × h × ρ × v2×50
Wherein: P is the pressure drop of single layer SCR denitration, and λ is the coefficient of friction of mixed gas, and h is SCR denitration
Highly, ρ is the smoke density under current operating conditions.
The invention has the benefit that
A kind of calculation method of SCR denitration design volume, by analyzing power plant design fire coal coal quality, denitrating system
The data such as design entry Gas Parameters, calculate current operating conditions under each layer SCR denitration reach chemical lifetime guarantee when
Between when decay of activity coefficient, meet denitration performance guarantee index on the basis of obtain new clothes layer or replacement layer SCR denitration urge
The denitration efficiency of agent substitutes into volume calculation formula, and the SCR denitration for obtaining meeting needed for current NOx emission requires is set
Count volume.It is calculated by the denitration efficiency to layer SCR denitration each under operating status, is urged to reach SCR denitration
The layering of agent volume considers, the purpose of hierarchical design, on the one hand can be designed to avoid volume it is insufficient and there are denitration discharges not
On the other hand risk up to standard can prevent volume and design excessive and cause denitration cost to improve, the hair of wasting of resources situation
It is raw.
For the volume design problem of SCR denitration, the advantage of the invention is that fully considering that each layer SCR denitration is urged
The otherness of agent decay of activity calculates the volume of SCR denitration in science, precision method, is protecting
The wasting of resources is avoided on the basis of card denitration qualified discharge, while the safety of the reasonable control and denitrating system to denitration cost is steady
Fixed operation has great importance.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the flow diagram of the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawing and specific embodiment the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of calculating SCR denitration design volume method of the present embodiment comprises the concrete steps that:
Step 1, comprehensive denitrating system entry design Gas Parameters and Benitration reactor actual size, initial setting SCR are de-
Type, specification and the V of denox catalyst2O5Content determines the initial activity K under standard condition0, and calculate first under operating condition
Begin activity K0':
Under normal circumstances, the type of SCR denitration, specification are by the dust content and existing Benitration reactor in flue gas
Size determines that dust content is higher, and the geometry specific surface area of SCR denitration is smaller, under equal conditions, required honeycomb fashion
Catalyst volume is less than board-like catalyst volume, using to consider Benitration reactor actual size when board-like catalyst, stops
Inspection operation space；Select V2O5To consider that design uses SO in smoke temperature and inlet flue gas when content2The influence of concentration, more texts
Chapter, which is reported, to be thought under the conditions of higher operation smoke temperature, V2O5Too high levels will lead to SO2/SO3Conversion ratio improves.
Initial activity K0With V2O5Content is positively correlated in a certain range:
Wherein: K0Activity under '-operating condition, unit m/h；K0- standard condition (4%O2, 10%H2O, 380 DEG C)
Under activity, unit m/h；fTModifying factor at a temperature of-operating condition；H under-operating condition2The amendment of O content
The factor；O under-operating condition2The modifying factor of content.
Step 2 influences the active principal element of SCR denitration in conjunction with coal-fired coal analysis is designed, calculates current fortune
SCR denitration reaches inactivation factor when chemical lifetime guarantees the time under row state, determines decay of activity coefficient:
SCR denitration inactivation is divided into chemical inactivation and physics inactivation.Physics inactivation mainly has duct blocking, flying dust mill
Damage etc., these can be substantially reduced by selecting the flow fieldoptimization of suitable SCR denitration type, specification and reactor
Physical factor is on the active influence of SCR denitration.Present invention primarily contemplates the chemical inactivation of SCR denitration, chemistry
Inactivation is divided into two kinds, and one is SCR denitration caused under high-temperature condition sintering, so that Detitanium-ore-type TiO2Crystal structure
To rutile TiO2Crystal structure or other crystal structure transitions；One is the toxicant (K in coal-fired coal quality2O、Na2O
Deng) cause catalyst poisoning and inactivate.These toxicants can on catalyst activity position other substance haptoreactions or
It adsorbs in catalyst surface and blocks duct and reduce NH3Absorption point so that catalyst activity reduce.
Inactivation factor is related to the content of toxicant (K, Na, Ca etc.) in running temperature, coal-fired coal quality.Pass through experiment
Quantitative analysis deactivating materials are on the active influence of SCR denitration under the state of room, and the influence of comprehensive a variety of deactivating materials can
Obtain inactivation factor:
Wherein: f (θ)-inactivation factor；QiThe influence coefficient of-deactivating materials；F (T)-running temperature influence coefficient.
Exponential function relation is presented between decay of activity coefficient and inactivation factor, runing time three:
Ke/K0=e-f(θ)×(t+Δt)
Wherein: Ke/K0- decay of activity coefficient；Ke-corresponding activity after SCR denitration operation a period of time, it is single
Position is m/h；The time of the corresponding SCR denitration operation of T-, unit h；The change of Δ t-correspondence SCR denitration
Learn life ensuring time, unit h.
The case where for changing in the SCR denitration cycle of operation there are multiple operating condition, decay of activity coefficient needs are pressed
It is segmented and calculates according to different operating conditions, finally obtain the decay of activity coefficient under current working.
Step 3, comprehensive denitration performance guarantee that index currently runs each layer SCR with obtained decay of activity coefficient calculating and takes off
Denox catalyst reaches entrance NH when chemical lifetime guarantees the time3/NOxWith denitration efficiency:
It include SCR denitration device inlet NOx concentration, exit NOx concentration (in quality guarantee period) and NH in denitration performance index3/
NOxMolar ratio, then successively derive entrance NH3/NOxMolar ratio and denitration efficiency.
The denitration efficiency of i-th layer of SCR denitration
Wherein: Ki- SCR denitration reaches activity when chemical lifetime guarantees the time, unit m/h；AV-face speed
Degree, unit m/h；ηiThe denitration efficiency of-the i-th layer of SCR denitration, unit %；MRi- the i-th layer of SCR denitration
The NH of entrance3/NOx。
The entrance NH of each layer SCR denitration3/NOxIt can be obtained by the principle of conservation of matter, in SCR denitration reaction
The NOx reacted away the and NH consumed3Ratio be 1:1:
Wherein: MRiThe NH of-the i-th layer of SCR denitration entrance3/NOx；MRi-1- the (i-1)-th layer of SCR denitration enters
The NH of mouth3/NOx；ηi-1The denitration efficiency of-the (i-1)-th layer of SCR denitration, unit %.
Step 4 calculates new clothes layer or replacement layer SCR denitration according to the denitration efficiency of obtained each layer SCR denitration
The denitration efficiency that catalyst needs, and the SCR denitration design body met needed for current NOx emission requires is calculated
Product:
The arrangement of power plant's SCR denitration is 2+1 or 3+1, i.e. the SCR denitration installation number of plies is up to 4
Layer, the last layer is spare level.Then the corresponding denitration efficiency of i-th layer of SCR denitration can be calculated by following methods,
NOxout1=NOxin-NOxin×η1
NOxout2=NOxout1-NOxout1×η2
NOxouti=NOxouti-1-NOxouti-1×ηi
NOxout=NOxouti-NOxouti×ηi+1(i=1,2,3)
Wherein: NOxout1、NOxouti-1、NOxouti- first layer, (i-1)-th layer, i-th layer of SCR denitration outlet nitrogen oxygen
Compound concentration, unit mg/Nm3；NOxout- design discharged nitrous oxides concentration, unit mg/Nm3；NOxin- design entry
Nitrous oxides concentration, unit mg/Nm3；η1、η2、ηi、ηi+1- first layer, the second layer, i-th layer, i+1 layer SCR denitration urge
The corresponding denitration efficiency of agent, unit %.
Then the calculation method for meeting the SCR denitration design volume needed for current NOx emission requires is,
Wherein:
Q-design entry exhaust gas volumn (standard state, wet basis, actual oxygen), unit Nm3/h；MR-new clothes layer or replacement layer SCR
Denitrating catalyst entrance NH3/NOx；η-new clothes layer or replacement layer SCR denitration need to reach under the premise of meeting emission request
Denitration efficiency, unit %；Ap- new clothes layer or the geometry specific surface area for replacing layer SCR denitration, unit m2/m3,
It is determined by the type of SCR denitration, specification；Ke- new clothes layer or replacement layer SCR denitration reach the design chemical longevity
Order the activity when time, unit m/h；F (safety)-volume design safety factor (DSF).Safety coefficient and SCR denitration device
Denitration efficiency guarantee value is positively correlated, unit %, is normally no more than 15%.
SO is obtained by calculation in step 52/SO3Conversion ratio, pressure drop results and with performance guarantee Indexes Comparison, judge SCR
Whether denitrating catalyst design volume meets the requirements:
SO under general operating condition2/SO3Conversion ratio≤1.5%, because of SO2/SO3Conversion ratio is excessively high, can not only be adsorbed in
Micropore and the surface of SCR denitration are blocked on flying dust in flue gas to reduce the activity of SCR denitration, and
Will cause ammonium sulfate deposition aggravation causes air preheater to block.
In the present embodiment
Wherein:Conversion ratio, unit %；SO under-operating condition2Oxidation constant (with
V2O5Content, O2Concentration, SO2Concentration, running temperature are related),The amendment of SV '-air speed SV
The factor, unit 1/h.
The air speed of coal-burning power plant's denitrating system design is in 3000h-1-5000h-1Between.It is anti-that excessively high air speed is unfavorable for denitration
The progress answered, denitration efficiency have the tendency that reduction, while can aggravate abrasion of the flying dust to SCR denitration；Too low air speed
It is unfavorable for the diffusion of flying dust, the dust stratification in SCR denitration duct is be easy to cause to block.
The calculation method of above-mentioned flue gas air speed are as follows:
Wherein: SV-flue gas air speed, unit 1/h；Q-design entry exhaust gas volumn (standard state, wet basis, actual oxygen), unit
For Nm3/h；V-new clothes layer or replacement layer SCR denitration cloth postpone SCR denitration total volume, unit m3；
The calculation method of SCR denitration pressure drop is P=λ × h × ρ × v2× 50, general single-layer catalyst resistance≤
200Pa。
Wherein: P-single layer SCR denitration pressure drop, unit Pa；λ-mixed gas coefficient of friction；H-SCR is de-
Denox catalyst height, unit mm；Smoke density under ρ-current operating conditions is (with CO2Concentration, O2Concentration, SO2Concentration, N2
Concentration, H2O content is related), unit kg/m3, ρ=f (CO2,O2,SO2,N2,H2O)。
By SO2/SO3Conversion ratio, pressure drop results and performance guarantee Indexes Comparison, if meeting the requirements, output valve is best body
Product design value；If it does not meet the requirements, then the specification of return step a pair of SCR denitration, V2O5Content is adjusted, then is weighed
Multiple above-mentioned steps are until output optimal volume design value.
Above embodiment shows calculation method of the invention, can be to the difference of each layer SCR denitration decay of activity
The opposite sex is accurately calculated, and finally obtains the best SCR denitration volume that can guarantee denitration qualified discharge, is conducive to pair
The reasonable control of denitration cost and the safe and stable operation of denitrating system.
Technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the various embodiments described above, all technical solutions obtained using equivalent replacement mode
It all falls in the scope of protection of present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of power plant's SCR denitration volume design and calculation method, which comprises the steps of:
Step 1: type, specification and the V of setting SCR denitration2O5Content determines the initial activity K under standard condition0,
And calculate the initial activity K under operating condition0':
Step 2: calculating inactivation factor when SCR denitration under current operating conditions reaches the chemical lifetime guarantee time, really
Determine decay of activity coefficient:
Step 3: calculating the entrance NH currently run when each layer SCR denitration reaches the chemical lifetime guarantee time3/NOxWith
Denitration efficiency；
Step 4 calculates new clothes layer or replacement layer SCR denitration catalysis according to the denitration efficiency of obtained each layer SCR denitration
The denitration efficiency that agent needs, and calculate required SCR denitration design volume:
Step 5: SO is obtained by calculation2/SO3Conversion ratio, pressure drop results and with performance guarantee Indexes Comparison, judge SCR denitration
Whether Catalyst Design volume meets the requirements.
Step 6: by SO2/SO3Conversion ratio, pressure drop results and performance guarantee Indexes Comparison, if meeting the requirements, output valve is most
Good volume design value；If it does not meet the requirements, then the specification of return step a pair of SCR denitration, V2O5Content is adjusted,
Above-mentioned steps are repeated until output optimal volume design value.
2. power plant's SCR denitration volume design and calculation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step 1
Active K under middle operating condition0' calculation method are as follows:
In formula, fTFor the modifying factor at a temperature of operating condition,For H under operating condition2The modifying factor of O content,For
O under operating condition2The modifying factor of content.
3. power plant's SCR denitration volume design and calculation method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the inactivation
The calculation method of the factor are as follows:
Wherein: f (θ) is inactivation factor, QiFor the influence coefficient of deactivating materials, f (T) is the influence coefficient of running temperature.
4. power plant's SCR denitration volume design and calculation method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the activity
The calculation method of attenuation coefficient are as follows:
Ke/K0=e-f(θ)×(t+Δt)
Wherein: Ke/K0For decay of activity coefficient, Ke is that SCR denitration runs corresponding activity after a period of time, and T is to correspond to
SCR denitration operation time, Δ t be the chemical lifetime guarantee time of corresponding SCR denitration.
5. power plant's SCR denitration volume design and calculation method according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the denitration
The calculation method of efficiency are as follows:
Wherein: KiReach activity when chemical lifetime guarantees the time for SCR denitration, AV is face velocity, ηiFor i-th layer of SCR
The denitration efficiency of denitrating catalyst, MRiFor the NH of i-th layer of SCR denitration entrance3/NOx。
6. power plant's SCR denitration volume design and calculation method according to claim 5, which is characterized in that i-th layer of SCR
The NH of denitrating catalyst entrance3/NOxCalculation method are as follows:
Wherein: MRiFor the NH of i-th layer of SCR denitration entrance3/NOx, MRi-1For (i-1)-th layer of SCR denitration entrance
NH3/NOx, ηi-1For the denitration efficiency of (i-1)-th layer of SCR denitration.
7. power plant's SCR denitration volume design and calculation method according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the SCR is de-
Denox catalyst design volume are as follows:
Wherein: Q is design entry exhaust gas volumn, and MR is new clothes layer or replacement layer SCR denitration entrance NH3/NOx；η is new clothes
The denitration efficiency that layer or replacement layer SCR denitration need, ApFor new clothes layer or the geometric proportion of replacement layer SCR denitration
Surface area, KeReach the activity when design chemical lifetime time, f (safety) for new clothes layer or replacement layer SCR denitration
For volume design safety factor (DSF).
8. power plant's SCR denitration volume design and calculation method according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the SO2/
SO3The calculation method of conversion ratio are as follows:
Wherein:For SO2/SO3Conversion ratio,For SO under operating condition2Oxidation constant, SV ' is that air speed SV is repaired
Positive divisor.
9. power plant's SCR denitration volume design and calculation method according to claim 8, which is characterized in that the air speed
The calculation method of SV are as follows:
Wherein: SV is flue gas air speed, and Q is design entry exhaust gas volumn, and V is that new clothes layer or replacement layer SCR denitration cloth postpone
SCR denitration total volume.
10. power plant's SCR denitration volume design and calculation method according to claim 9, which is characterized in that the catalysis
The calculation method of agent pressure drop results are as follows:
P=λ × h × ρ × v2×50
Wherein: P is the pressure drop of single layer SCR denitration, and λ is the coefficient of friction of mixed gas, and h is SCR denitration height,
ρ is the smoke density under current operating conditions.
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| CN111639782A (en) * | 2020-04-15 | 2020-09-08 | 华电电力科学研究院有限公司 | SCR (Selective catalytic reduction) denitration device SO of coal-fired power plant2/SO3Conversion rate prediction method |
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