CN109934782A - Digital true orthophoto figure production method based on lidar measurement - Google Patents
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Abstract
The present invention relates to image processing techniques, the digital true orthophoto figure production method based on lidar measurement that it discloses a kind of, it solves the existing projection of DOM production method in traditional technology and is easy to happen deformation, true orthophoto figure cannot be obtained, it needs to carry out just penetrating correction manually, low efficiency and ineffective, needs control point to assist, problem complicated for operation.The method comprising the steps of: a. imports laser point cloud；B. processing is carried out to laser point cloud and obtains DSM；C. Aerial photography image is imported；D. processing is oriented to Aerial photography image；E. the image based on the DSM obtained in step b and Jing Guo directional process obtains DOM.The present invention is suitable for quickly, accurately obtaining digital true orthophoto figure.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to image processing techniques, and in particular to the digital true orthophoto figure production based on lidar measurement
Method.
Background technique
Digital orthophoto map (DOM) is to carry out height displacement to airphoto after scan process by pixel one by one and change
Just, then image mosaic is pressed, the striograph of generation is cut out according to figure amplitude range.DOM with its informative, it is intuitive, be widely used
The features such as increasing work is played in urban planning, land resources utilization and investigation and Basic Geographic Information System
With.
DOM production method key step in traditional technology includes orientation to original aerial images, DEM (digital elevation
Model) auxiliary Differential rectification, to produce DOM.Wherein, orientation step includes interior orientation, relative orientation and absolute orientation.
By orientation step, so that the internal and external orientation of image is fixed.
DEM auxiliary Differential rectification be by computer using DEM by image be divided into many small regions carry out by
One corrects, thus the step of eliminating heeling error and projection error.
Since DEM model is ground model, no house, trees, the model of the earth's surfaces object such as shaft tower, the image of original shooting
In be include house, trees etc. earth's surface object, thus DEM model be not it is complete, it is corresponding can not react raw video
Complete information, especially elevation information.And in the case where elevation information inaccuracy, it is calculated by optical imagery equation
The positions such as house can deviate physical location, that is to say, that will appear building, high vegetation etc. on the orthography ultimately produced
The case where deviating from the position of its true vertical projection.That is, finally obtained DOM is not really to penetrate.
In order to obtain the DOM really penetrated, it usually needs expend a large amount of manpower to carry out really penetrating correction manually, really penetrate
The most cumbersome most time-consuming stage is to extract DSM (numerical cutting tool) in correction, and workload occupies the 90% of whole flow process
Left and right, and with the increase of data volume, the time that this process needs is multiplied, inefficiency, while the effect of manual correction
Fruit is not often also complied with one's wishes.
In addition, the whole process of above-mentioned DOM production method in the conventional technology needs control point auxiliary to be controlled, it is no
Phenomena such as then end result precision is unreliable, and the place that height difference is big, vegetation is luxuriant is easy to appear DOM loophole, garland, then
It just needs to preset control point, then there is a problem of complicated for operation.
To sum up, the DOM production method in traditional technology has the disadvantage that projection is easy to happen deformation, cannot obtain true
Orthophotoquad；It needs to carry out just penetrating correction manually, low efficiency and ineffective；Control point is needed to assist, it is complicated for operation.
Summary of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the present invention are: providing a kind of digital true orthophoto figure based on lidar measurement
Production method solves the existing projection of DOM production method in traditional technology and is easy to happen deformation, cannot obtain true orthophoto
Figure needs to carry out just penetrating correction manually, low efficiency and ineffective, needs control point to assist, problem complicated for operation.
The technical proposal adopted by the invention to solve the above technical problems is that:
Digital true orthophoto figure production method based on lidar measurement, comprising the following steps:
A. laser point cloud is imported；
B. processing is carried out to laser point cloud and obtains DSM；
C. Aerial photography image is imported；
D. processing is oriented to Aerial photography image；
E. the image based on the DSM obtained in step b and Jing Guo directional process obtains DOM.
As advanced optimizing, in step a, the importing laser point cloud includes: to be directed through lidar measurement acquisition
Laser point cloud file and parse laser point cloud data.
It is described that laser point cloud is carried out processing to obtain DSM including: the essence according to DSM in step b as advanced optimizing
Degree demand carries out sampling and/or interpolation processing to laser point cloud data, generates equally distributed laser point cloud, extracts described equal
The location information of each point in the laser point cloud of even distribution, according to the stored in file format that DSM is required, to obtain DSM.
It is described that processing is oriented to Aerial photography image in step d as advanced optimizing, it specifically includes:
Interior orientation step: the transformational relation between image scan coordinate and picpointed coordinate is established, conversion parameter is sought；
Relative orientation step: extracting and matching feature points are carried out to image, resolve the relativeness between adjacent image；
Absolute orientation step: the absolute three-dimensional coordinate of raw video is obtained in conjunction with phase control techniques are exempted from, resolving obtains image
Absolute elements of exterior orientation, incorporates it into geodetic coordinate system.
As advanced optimizing, in step e, the image based on the DSM obtained in step b and Jing Guo directional process is obtained
DOM is obtained, is specifically included:
The absolute elements of exterior orientation information that processing obtains, Yi Jibu are oriented to Aerial photography image according in step d
The elevation information that the DSM obtained in rapid b is provided, according to the relationship between raw video and orthography to the picture in raw video
Vegetarian refreshments carries out orthophotoscopy one by one, is embedded in an image, obtains DOM after cutting further according to figure amplitude range.
As advanced optimizing, the relationship between the raw video and orthography by following formula (1) or formula (2) come
Expression:
Wherein, x, y are respectively cross, ordinate of any pixel P in raw video；X, Y are respectively x, after y just penetrates correction
Cross, ordinate；Z is that any pixel P just penetrates the elevation coordinate after correcting；A1, a2, a3, b1, b2, b3, c1, c2, c3 are images
Posture coherent element, Z0For the elevation initial value of pixel P any in DSM, Xs、YsThe respectively cross, ordinate of camera focus, ZsFor
The height value of camera focus.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
(1) accuracy is high: due to the high-precision of laser point cloud itself, keeping the DSM precision generated high, is not necessarily to prior control point
Intervene, high-precision DOM can be obtained.
(2) project undeformed: the DOM of production is really realized and is really penetrated, especially in building, Gao Zhi without distortion of projection
It is obvious by the equal atural objects effect under obvious environment that rises and falls.
(3) high-efficient: due to not having to be resolved and matched by the imaging model of image, to utilize laser point cloud itself three
The feature of dimension point generates DSM, generates DSM groundwork amount in sampling (interpolation), greatly reduces the time required to whole process.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that the present invention is based on the digital true orthophoto figure production method flow charts of lidar measurement.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is intended to provide a kind of digital true orthophoto figure production method based on lidar measurement, solves tradition
The existing projection of DOM production method is easy to happen deformation in technology, cannot obtain true orthophoto figure, need to carry out just penetrating manually
It corrects, low efficiency and ineffective needs control point to assist, problem complicated for operation.
Lidar measurement is by position, distance, and the observation such as angle data directly acquire Object table millet cake three-dimensional coordinate,
It realizes earth's surface information extraction, fundamentally avoids projection (from three-dimensional to two dimension) bring information loss, greatly improve
The precision of achievement.Also, it is small to the dependence of weather, not the influence vulnerable to shade and sun angle.The present invention is exactly ingenious
The characteristics of high-precision of laser radar point cloud data is utilized in ground, is directly three-dimensional point, rapidly extracting DSM, thus quickly complete
At the production of DOM, while avoiding the distortion of projection of traditional image, the precision of DOM is substantially increased.
In specific implementation, referring to Fig. 1, the digital true orthophoto figure based on lidar measurement in the present invention is produced
Method, comprising the following steps:
S1. laser point cloud is imported；
In this step, it is directed through the laser point cloud file of lidar measurement acquisition and parses laser point cloud data.
S2. processing is carried out to laser point cloud and obtains DSM；
In this step, according to the accuracy requirement of DSM, sampling and (or) interpolation processing are carried out to laser point cloud.Because of laser
Point cloud is unevenly distributed, high in some place point cloud density, some place point cloud density are low.So in the low density place of cloud
It needs to carry out interpolation processing, in the high place of cloud density, needs to carry out sampling processing.Purpose be obtain be distributed it is substantially homogeneous
Laser point cloud.According to demand, the location information of each point of equally distributed laser point cloud is chosen, other unnecessary letters are removed
Breath, is stored as corresponding DSM file format.
S3. Aerial photography image is imported；
In this step, the raw video figure of Aerial photography is imported.
S4. processing is oriented to Aerial photography image；
In this step, directional process is the internal and external orientation in order to determine image comprising: it is interior orientation step, opposite
Orientation step and absolute orientation step；
Interior orientation step: the transformational relation between image scan coordinate and picpointed coordinate is established, conversion parameter is sought；
Relative orientation step: extracting and matching feature points are carried out to image, resolve the relativeness between adjacent image；
Absolute orientation step: the absolute three-dimensional coordinate of raw video is obtained in conjunction with phase control techniques are exempted from, resolving obtains image
Absolute elements of exterior orientation, incorporates it into geodetic coordinate system.
S5. the image based on the DSM obtained in step b and Jing Guo directional process obtains DOM.
In this step, believe according to the absolute elements of exterior orientation that processing obtains is oriented to Aerial photography image in step d
The elevation information that the DSM that obtains is provided in breath and step b, according to the relationship between raw video and orthography to original
Pixel in image carries out orthophotoscopy one by one, is embedded in an image, obtains after cutting further according to figure amplitude range
DOM。
Wherein, the relationship between the raw video and orthography is expressed by following formula (1) or formula (2):
Wherein, x, y are respectively cross, ordinate of any pixel P in raw video；X, Y are respectively x, after y just penetrates correction
Cross, ordinate；Z is that any pixel P just penetrates the elevation coordinate after correcting；A1, a2, a3, b1, b2, b3, c1, c2, c3 are images
Posture coherent element, Z0For the elevation initial value of pixel P any in DSM, Xs、YsThe respectively cross, ordinate of camera focus, ZsFor
The height value of camera focus.
By it was verified that utilizing the digital true orthophoto figure production method based on lidar measurement in the present invention
The DOM image and true ground object matching produced are good, and precision is high, and thick forest loophole and distortion/garland is not present
Phenomenon.
Claims (6)
1. the digital true orthophoto figure production method based on lidar measurement, which comprises the following steps:
A. laser point cloud is imported；
B. processing is carried out to laser point cloud and obtains DSM；
C. Aerial photography image is imported；
D. processing is oriented to Aerial photography image；
E. the image based on the DSM obtained in step b and Jing Guo directional process obtains DOM.
2. the digital true orthophoto figure production method based on lidar measurement as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that
In step a, the laser point cloud that imports includes: to be directed through the laser point cloud file of lidar measurement acquisition and parse
Laser point cloud data out.
3. the digital true orthophoto figure production method based on lidar measurement as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that
It is described that laser point cloud is carried out processing to obtain DSM including: the accuracy requirement according to DSM in step b, to laser point cloud number
According to sampling and/or interpolation processing is carried out, equally distributed laser point cloud is generated, is extracted each in the equally distributed laser point cloud
The location information of a point, according to the stored in file format that DSM is required, to obtain DSM.
4. the digital true orthophoto figure production method based on lidar measurement as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that
It is described that processing is oriented to Aerial photography image in step d, it specifically includes:
Interior orientation step: the transformational relation between image scan coordinate and picpointed coordinate is established, conversion parameter is sought；
Relative orientation step: extracting and matching feature points are carried out to image, resolve the relativeness between adjacent image；
Absolute orientation step: the absolute three-dimensional coordinate of raw video is obtained in conjunction with phase control techniques are exempted from, resolving obtains the absolute of image
Elements of exterior orientation incorporates it into geodetic coordinate system.
5. the digital true orthophoto figure production method based on lidar measurement as described in claim 1-4 any one,
It is characterized in that,
In step e, the image based on the DSM obtained in step b and Jing Guo directional process obtains DOM, specifically includes:
Aerial photography image is oriented in the absolute elements of exterior orientation information and step b that processing obtains according in step d
The elevation information that the DSM of acquisition is provided, according to the relationship between raw video and orthography to the pixel in raw video
Orthophotoscopy one by one is carried out, is embedded in an image, obtains DOM after cutting further according to figure amplitude range.
6. the digital true orthophoto figure production method based on lidar measurement as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that
Relationship between the raw video and orthography is expressed by following formula (1) or formula (2):
Wherein, x, y are respectively cross, ordinate of any pixel P in raw video；X, Y are respectively x, after y just penetrates correction
Horizontal, ordinate；Z is that any pixel P just penetrates the elevation coordinate after correcting；A1, a2, a3, b1, b2, b3, c1, c2, c3 are image appearances
State coherent element, Z0For the elevation initial value of pixel P any in DSM, Xs、YsThe respectively cross, ordinate of camera focus, ZsFor phase
The height value of machine focus.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111127474A (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2020-05-08 | 武汉大学 | Airborne LiDAR point cloud assisted orthophoto mosaic line automatic selection method and system |
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| CN103017739A (en) * | 2012-11-20 | 2013-04-03 | 武汉大学 | Manufacturing method of true digital ortho map (TDOM) based on light detection and ranging (LiDAR) point cloud and aerial image |
| CN107063193A (en) * | 2017-03-17 | 2017-08-18 | 东南大学 | Based on GPS Dynamic post-treatment technology Aerial Photogrammetry |
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Application publication date: 20190625 |